Abstract: This spin device includes a semiconductor layer 3 formed of single crystalline Si, a first tunnel insulating layer T1 formed on a surface of the semiconductor layer 3, and a first ferromagnetic metal layer 1 formed on the first tunnel insulating layer T1. Area density of dangling bonds in an interface between the semiconductor layer 3 and the first tunnel insulating layer T1 is 3×1014/cm2 or less. In this case, a polarization rate can be greatly improved.

Abstract: A video data generation apparatus generates video data based on audio data and frame image data, which are generated independently of each other. The video data generation apparatus sequentially inputs the audio data at fixed intervals, while sequentially inputting the frame image data in time series at irregular intervals. Simultaneously with input of one frame of frame image data, the video data generation apparatus starts a data acquisition process to obtain next one frame of frame image data. The video data generation apparatus stores audio data, which have been input in a period between a start of the data acquisition process by the data acquirer and input of one frame of frame image data by the data acquisition process, in combination with the frame image data of one frame obtained by the data acquisition process, as one audio image complex data, and generates the video data based on multiple stored audio image complex data.

Abstract: A rare-earth magnet having a protective film for enhancing a corrosion resistance is provided. The protective film is a three-layer film including a first protective layer with a crystalline structure ? (for example, a polycrystalline structure), a second protective layer with a crystalline structure ? (for example, a columnar-crystalline structure), and a third protective layer with the crystalline structure ? from the side near a magnet body. Since the adjoining first and second protective layers have different crystalline structures from each other, and the adjoining second and third protective layers have also different crystalline structures from each other, compactness among the three layers in the protective film may be improved. Therefore, development of a pinhole is restrained, and corrosion of the protective film can be restrained.

Abstract: A rare earth magnet having excellent corrosion resistance is provided. It has a magnet body (10) containing a rare earth element, and a protective film (20) formed on the magnet body (10). In the protective film (20), a first protective film (21), a second protective film (22) and a third protective film (23) are laminated in this order from the side of the magnet body (10). These are in a polycrystalline state and composed of a metal plated film, for example. The first protective film (21) and the third protective film (23) have a smaller mean crystal grain size than that of the second protective film (22). Microcrystallization of the first protective film (21) can improve the density of the interface between the protective film (20) and the magnet body (10), and decrease the number of pinholes.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a rare earth magnet having sufficiently excellent anticorrosion property. The rare earth magnet 1 according to the present invention to solve the above problems includes a magnet body 10 containing rare earth elements, a substantial amorphous layer 20 formed on a surface of the magnet body 10, and a protecting layer 30 on a surface of the amorphous layer 20, and the amorphous layer 20 contains material identical to main component elements of magnet material contained in the magnet body 10.

Abstract: A rare earth magnet having excellent corrosion resistance is provided. It has a magnet body (10) containing a rare earth element, and a protective film (20) formed on the magnet body (10). In the protective film (20), a first protective film (21), a second protective film (22) and a third protective film (23) are laminated in this order from the side of the magnet body (10). These are in a polycrystalline state and composed of a metal plated film, for example. The first protective film (21) and the third protective film (23) have a smaller mean crystal grain size than that of the second protective film (22). Microcrystallization of the first protective film (21) can improve the density of the interface between the protective film (20) and the magnet body (10), and decrease the number of pinholes.

Abstract: An active material with a sufficient cycle characteristic and a process for its production are provided. According to the process for production of an active material of this invention, an aqueous solution containing a metal fluorocomplex is contacted with a metal oxide to form a surface-modified layer on the surface of the metal oxide. The active material of the invention comprises a core section made of a metal oxide and a surface-modified layer covering the core section, wherein the surface-modified layer is an oxide containing a metal present in the core section and a metal not present in the core section.

Abstract: The present invention provides a rare-earth magnet capable of enhancing a corrosion resistance. A protective film is a three-layer film including a first protective layer with a crystalline structure ? (for example, a polycrystalline structure), a second protective layer with a crystalline structure ? (for example, a columnar-crystalline structure), and a third protective layer with the crystalline structure ? from the side near a magnet body. Since the adjoining first and second protective layers have different crystalline structures from each other, and the adjoining second and third protective layers have also different crystalline structures from each other, compactness among the three layers in the protective film may be improved. Therefore, development of a pinhole is restrained, and corrosion of the protective film can be restrained.

Abstract: A sample measurement method is a sample measurement method by an electron microscope and includes the film formation step of forming a sample on a projection on the major surface of a substrate, the electron beam irradiation step of irradiating the sample with an electron beam from a side of the projection, and the measurement step of detecting an electron beam which is generated or reflected from or has passed through the sample irradiated with the electron beam. Since the sample is formed on the projection on the major surface of the substrate, the sample on the projection can be formed as a thin film. For this reason, sample measurement can be executed only by irradiating the sample from a side of the projection.

Abstract: An optical recording/reproducing method and an optical recording medium capable of performing excellent optical recording with a simple structure in a recording layer made of environmentally friendly materials. The optical recording medium has a recording layer on a substrate. The recording layer has a pair of dielectric layers of which states are altered by a laser beam that is an energy beam of which intensity is modulated according to information to be recorded. This recording layer also has a assisting material layer sandwiched by these dielectric layers. The assisting material layer includes an element selected from Sn, Ti, Si, Bi, Ge, and C as a principle component, while the dielectric material as a base material for the dielectric layers is any one of ZnS, SiO2, AlN, and Ta2O5.

Abstract: An optical recording/reproducing method and an optical recording medium capable of performing excellent optical recording with a simple structure in a recording layer made of environmentally friendly materials. The optical recording medium has a recording layer formed on a substrate and made of a mixture of a recording assist material and a dielectric material. A laser beam of which intensity is modulated in accordance with information to be recorded is irradiated onto this recording layer to cause a state change in the recording assist material and/or the dielectric material. The information can be recorded by changing optical characteristics thereof such as reflectivity. The recording assist material includes an element selected from Sn, Ti, Si, Bi, Ge, and C as a principle component, while the dielectric material as a base material for the dielectric layers is at least one of ZnS, SiO2, AlN, and Ta2O5.

Abstract: Increase of jitter in a phase change optical recording medium is suppressed with no extreme decrease in the crystallization speed of the recording layer when the medium is overwritten at a high linear velocity. In addition, in a disk-shaped medium operated at a constant angular velocity, the overwriting is accomplished with the increase of jitter suppressed over the entire area of the medium. Provided is an optical recording method for recording a disk-shaped optical recording medium having a phase change recording layer which is rotated at a constant angular velocity, wherein amorphous recorded marks are formed in the recording layer. In this method, the minimum recorded mark is formed such that WL/ML incrementally or gradually decreases from the radially inner side to the radially outer side of the optical recording medium, when the minimum signal has a length of SL, and when the minimum recorded mark corresponding to said minimum signal has its maximum width of MW, EW is 0.

Abstract: A sample measurement method is a sample measurement method by an electron microscope and includes the film formation step of forming a sample on a projection on the major surface of a substrate, the electron beam irradiation step of irradiating the sample with an electron beam from a side of the projection, and the measurement step of detecting an electron beam which is generated or reflected from or has passed through the sample irradiated with the electron beam. Since the sample is formed on the projection on the major surface of the substrate, the sample on the projection can be formed as a thin film. For this reason, sample measurement can be executed only by irradiating the sample from a side of the projection.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a porous resin stamp which can repeatedly seal without supplying ink for a long period of time by beforehand soaking ink therein. The present invention also relates to a cartridge comprising the porous resin stamp and a stamp comprising the cartridge. Colors of the stamp can be intentionally adjusted by adjusting the amount of heating materials combined or the mixing rate of heating materials. Thus, it is possible to precisely check the desired letters, designs, patterns and so on. Furthermore, it is possible to intentionally adjust efficiency rate of heat generation of the heating materials by suitably changing the amount of heating materials. This makes it possible to express any small letters, minute designs and patterns with high reproducibility.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a porous resin stamp which can repeatedly seal without supplying ink for a long period of time by beforehand soaking ink therein. The present invention also relates to a cartridge comprising the porous resin stamp and a stamp comprising the cartridge. Colors of the stamp can be intentionally adjusted by adjusting the amount of heating materials combined or the mixing rate of heating materials. Thus, it is possible to precisely check the desired letters, designs, patterns and so on. Furthermore, it is possible to intentionally adjust efficiency rate of heat generation of the heating materials by suitably changing the amount of heating materials. This makes it possible to express any small letters, minute designs and patterns with high reproducibility.

Abstract: An optical recording medium according to the present invention includes a phase change recording layer where reversible phase changes between a crystal phase and an amorphous phase are used, wherein the recording layer includes at least Sb, Mn, and Te and, in a state corresponding to the crystal phase, has a structure where one diffracted ray is detected by X-ray diffraction as being present in respective ranges of spacings (Å) of 3.10±0.03, 2.25±0.03, and 2.15±0.03, in a range of between 3.13 and 2.12 spacing inclusive, with diffracted rays not being detected in other ranges within the 3.13 to 2.12 spacing range. Accordingly, the optical recording medium can be reliably crystallized even when the irradiation time of laser light is short, and also has superior thermal stability in an amorphous state.

Abstract: An optical recording/reproducing method and an optical recording medium capable of performing excellent optical recording with a simple structure in a recording layer made of environmentally friendly materials. The optical recording medium has a recording layer on a substrate. The recording layer has a pair of dielectric layers of which states are altered by a laser beam that is an energy beam of which intensity is modulated according to information to be recorded. This recording layer also has a assisting-material layer sandwiched by these dielectric layers. The assisting material layer includes an element selected from Sn, Ti, Si, Di, Ge, and C as a principle component, while the dielectric material as a base material for the dielectric layers is any one of ZnS, SiO2, AlN, and Ta2O5.

Abstract: An optical recording/reproducing method and an optical recording medium capable of performing excellent optical recording with a simple structure in a recording layer made of environmentally friendly materials. The optical recording medium has a recording layer on a substrate. The recording layer has a pair of dielectric layers of which states are altered by a laser beam that is an energy beam of which intensity is modulated according to information to be recorded. This recording layer also has a recording assist layer sandwiched by these dielectric layers. The recording assist layer includes an element selected from Sn, Ti, Si, Bi, Ge, and C as a principle component, while the dielectric material as a base material for the dielectric layers is at least one of ZnS, SiO2, AlN, and Ta2O5.

Abstract: An optical recording/reproducing method and an optical recording medium capable of performing excellent optical recording with a simple structure in a recording layer made of environmentally friendly materials. The optical recording medium has a recording layer formed on a substrate and made of a mixture of a recording assist material and a dielectric material. A laser beam of which intensity is modulated in accordance with information to be recorded is irradiated onto this recording layer to cause a state change in the recording assist material and/or the dielectric material. The information can be recorded by changing optical characteristics thereof such as reflectivity. The recording assist material includes an element selected from Sn, Ti, Si, Bi, Ge, and C as a principle component, while the dielectric material as a base material for the dielectric layers is at least one of ZnS, SiO2, AlN, and Ta2O5.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a porous resin stamp, which can repeatedly seal without supplying ink for a long period of time by beforehand soaking ink therein, and a producing method thereof. The present invention is characterized in the producing method of porous resin stamp, wherein an original that can selectively pass light through is put together with a porous resin body combined with at least phathalocyanine pigments as heating material which generate heat by light irradiated from a light source; the light is irradiated from the original side toward the surface of porous resin body; and an ink inexuding portion is formed by melting a surface layer of the porous resin body with heat of the heating material generated by the light passed through the original.