Abstract: An exposure light beam phase measurement method for laser interference photolithography comprises: separating a measurement light from an exposure light beam and inputting light into a laser phase measurement interferometer to carry out phase measurement on the exposure light beam; inputting a reference light beam homologous with the exposure light beam into the laser phase measurement interferometer; processing the reference light beam to form an interference measurement optical signal; calculating to obtain the phase of the exposure light beam. A laser interference photolithography system using the method comprises a laser phase measurement interferometer, a controller and phase modulators, the laser phase measurement interferometer measures whether the phase of an exposure light beam drifts, the controller controls phase modulators to carry out phase modulation, to achieve locking of exposure stripe phase drift and manufacturing of a high-precision variable-period optical grating.

Abstract: A laser interference photolithography system, comprising a laser device, a first reflector, a grating beam-splitter, a second reflector, a first universal reflector, a first lens, a second universal reflector, a second lens, a beam splitting prism, a control module, an angle measurement module, a third lens and a substrate. The control module comprises a signal processing terminal, a controller, and a driver. The signal processing terminal is connected to the angle measurement module, the controller is connected to both the signal processing terminal and the driver, and the driver is connected to both the first universal reflector and the second universal reflector. The laser emits a laser light that is split into two beams of light by the system, and the two beams of light are focused on the substrate for exposure.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for amplifier linearization are disclosed. In certain embodiments, an RF amplifier includes an RF input terminal that receives an RF input signal, an RF output terminal that provides an RF output signal, a gallium nitride field-effect transistor (GaN FET) having a gate connected to the RF input terminal and a drain connected to the RF output terminal. The GaN FET amplifies the RF input signal. The RF amplifier further includes a gallium arsenide field-effect transistor (GaAs FET) having a gate connected to the RF input terminal and a drain connected to the RF output terminal. The GaAs FET is operable to linearize the GaN FET.

Abstract: Provided are a method and system for visualization of a 3D electronic device. The method includes: a structural and/or electrical characteristic of the electronic device is simulated to obtain first visualization data, the electronic device including a semiconductor device and/or an integrated circuit and the first visualization data including 3D grid position information of the electronic device and/or a physical quantity at a grid point; the 3D grid position information and/or physical quantity at the grid point in the first visualization data are/is converted into second visualization data suitable for virtual 3D displaying according to a data type; and the second visualization data is rendered in a virtual space to display a structure and/or physical quantity of the electronic device in the virtual space.

Abstract: A system for releasing the heavy-haul train hascomprises a control valve mounted in each of train cars. The control valve is connected to a train pipe, an auxiliary air reservoir and a brake cylinder are connected to the control valve, and an exhaust port is configured on the control valve. The exhaust port is connected to a solenoid valve. The method for improving the release performance of the heavy-haul train includes: S1: the solenoid valve in each of the train cars is powered on to close a passage between the exhaust port of the control valve and the atmosphere; S2: an automatic brake valve is regulated to inflate the train pipe; and S3: the solenoid valve in each of the train cars is powered off to open the passage between the exhaust port of the control valve and the atmosphere, so that the train is released.

Abstract: Described herein are switches with asymmetrical anti-series varactor pairs to improve switching performance. The disclosed switches can include asymmetrical varactor pairs to reduce distortions. The asymmetry in the varactor pairs can be associated with geometry of each varactor in the pair. The disclosed switches can stack both symmetrical and asymmetrical varactor pairs. The disclosed switches with asymmetrical anti-series varactor pairs can be configured to improve both H2 and H3 simultaneously.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for envelope alignment calibration in radio frequency (RF) systems are provided. In certain embodiments, calibration is performed by providing an envelope signal that is substantially triangular along an envelope path, and by providing an RF signal to a power amplifier along an RF signal path. Additionally, an output of the power amplifier is observed to generate an observation signal using an observation receiver. The observation signal includes a first peak and a second peak, and a delay between the envelope signal and the RF signal is controlled based on relative size of the peaks of the observation signal to one another.

Abstract: Disclosed is a heterodyne grating interferometry system based on secondary diffraction, including a single-frequency laser, an input optical fiber, an acousto-optic modulator, a reading head, and a measurement grating, an output optical fiber, a photoelectric conversion unit and an electronic signal processing unit, wherein the single-frequency laser emits a single-frequency laser, which enters the acousto-optic modulator through the input optical fiber, and is divided into a reference light and measurement light to be input to the reading head, wherein the reading head and the measurement grating convert the reference light and measurement light into a reference interference optical signal and a measurement interference optical signal and send them to the photoelectric conversion unit through the output optical fiber and wherein the photoelectric conversion unit converts the measurement interference optical signal and the reference interference optical signal into a measurement interference electrical signal

Abstract: Disclosed are a vertical motion protection method and device based on a dual-stage motion system of a photolithography machine. The method comprises: according to a distance between measured points and reference points of the eddy current sensor and coordinates of the reference points of the eddy current sensor, calculating coordinates of the measured points on a lower surface of the micro-motion stage respectively; calculating a point normal form equation of the micro-motion stage at the current time using measured coordinates of the measured points on the micro-motion stage, then substituting X and Y coordinates of the measured points on the translated micro-motion stage to determine a maximum height of the micro-motion stage at the current time; and comparing the maximum height with a height threshold, if the maximum height exceeds the height threshold, shutting down for protection, or else continuing to operate the system.

Abstract: A model of a system of an intelligent vehicle is trained and optimized using system operation data of the intelligent vehicle in a normal running state. The system operation data of the intelligent vehicle in a running state is collected in real time. Sensor data of the system operation data is de-noised, and feature extraction and screening are performed for a fatal sensor fault to reconstruct the system operation data. The reconstructed system operation data is inputted into the trained model to output system state data of the intelligent vehicle in the running state. The system state data is compared with a set threshold. If the system state data exceeds the set threshold, an actuator corresponding to the system state data is determined to have a fault. In addition, a system for a fault diagnosis of the intelligent vehicle is further provided.

Abstract: A system may include a memory and a processor in communication with the memory. The processor may be configured to perform operations. The operations may include training a cognitive engine and receiving a goal for the cognitive engine. The operations may include recognizing, with the cognitive engine, at least one actionable element and attempting, with the cognitive engine, operations on the at least one actionable element. The operations may include tracking data affiliated with the operations and generating, based on the data, a usability score for a user.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for envelope alignment calibration in radio frequency (RF) systems are provided. In certain embodiments, calibration is performed by providing an envelope signal that is substantially triangular along an envelope path, and by providing an RF signal to a power amplifier along an RF signal path. Additionally, an output of the power amplifier is observed to generate an observation signal using an observation receiver. The observation signal includes a first peak and a second peak, and a delay between the envelope signal and the RF signal is controlled based on relative size of the peaks of the observation signal to one another.

Abstract: A device and a method for regulating and controlling an incident angle of a light beam in a laser interference lithography process are disclosed. The device comprises: a beam splitter prism between a first lens and a second lens, a first position detector, a first decoupling lens between the first position detector and the beam splitter prism, a feedback control system connected to the first position detector and a first universal reflecting mirror. The beam splitter prism reflects first incident light passing through the first universal reflecting mirror, the first decoupling lens enables a first reflected light enter into the first position detector, the first position detector measures the light beam position, the feedback control system outputs a control command according to the measurement result to regulate a mirror base of the first universal reflecting mirror, thereby regulating and controlling an incident angle of an exposure light beam.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for detecting refrigerant leakage in an air source heat pump system. The method for detecting refrigerant leakage in an air source heat pump system includes the following steps in a cooling mode: S110: obtaining a running parameter of an air source heat pump system, wherein the running parameter at least includes a compressor rotational speed; S120: comparing the running parameter with a preset running parameter range; S130: updating a cumulative score when the running parameter falls within the preset running parameter range; and S140: when the cumulative score exceeds a predetermined cumulative score, determining that refrigerant leakage occurs, and when the cumulative score does not exceed the predetermined cumulative score, return to step S110.

Abstract: In a communications method of a wearable device, if a second BLUETOOTH connection between user equipment and the wearable device is disconnected, a first BLUETOOTH connection between a network connection device and the wearable device is established, so that the network connection device may send, to the wearable device through the first BLUETOOTH connection, first information sent by the user equipment through a third communication connection to the network connection device. In this way, indirect communication between the user equipment and the wearable device is implemented by using the network connection device, so that the user equipment and the wearable device are not limited by a communication range.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a radio frequency circuit comprising a linearizer circuit. The linearizer circuit may comprise a first capacitor and a second capacitor arranged in parallel. The first capacitor may have a positive third order derivative of charge with respect to voltage. The second capacitor may have a negative third order derivative of charge with respect to voltage. Related radio frequency modules and wireless communication devices are also disclosed.

Abstract: A five-degree-of-freedom heterodyne grating interferometry system comprises: a single-frequency laser for emitting single-frequency laser light, the single-frequency laser light can be split into a reference light beam and a measurement light beam; an interferometer lens set and a measurement grating for converting the reference light and the measurement light into a reference interference signal and a measurement interference signal; and multiple optical fiber bundles respectively receiving the measurement interference signal and the reference interference signal, wherein each optical fiber bundle has multiple multi-mode optical fibers respectively receiving interference signals at different positions on the same plane. The system is not over-sensitive to the environment, is small and light, and is easy to arrange.

Abstract: An apparatus for metal-ion removal includes a conduit including an inlet to receive a liquid and an outlet to discharge the liquid, a first porous electrode and a second porous electrode disposed in the conduit, and a power source configured to provide power to the first porous electrode and the second porous electrode. The first porous electrode and the second porous electrode are separated by a gap. The first porous electrode is extended in a first direction. A flow direction of the liquid in the conduit is not in parallel with the first direction.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to a computer-implemented method of operating a multi-screen virtual reality environment. The computer-implemented method includes performing a wall arrangement and transmission (WA&T) protocol that includes receiving at a second module a function transmitted by a first module over a network to the second module. The second module and the function received over the network are used to generate priority data that identifies a priority of each of a plurality of individual video streams generated by a plurality of video sources. Based at least in part on the priority, the second module is used to generate reduced-size video streams that include selected ones of the plurality of individual video streams. The second module transmits the priority data and a multi-screen video stream that includes the reduced-size video streams and non-reduced-size video streams of the plurality of individual video streams.

Abstract: A method for identifying a device comprising generating, by a control device, an identification identifier of a multimedia device according to device description information of the multimedia device, sending the identification identifier to the multimedia device, so that the multimedia device displays the identification identifier, acquiring, by the control device, the identification identifier displayed by the multimedia device and an appearance image of the multimedia device, and acquiring the device description information according to the identification identifier displayed by the multimedia device, and associating, by the control device, the device description information with the appearance image of the multimedia device, so that a user equipment identifies the multimedia device according to the appearance image.