Abstract: In the case of a supporting roller bearing for a horizontally arranged spinning rotor, it is provided that braking means are arranged below a tangential belt moving between two pairs of supporting roller. The braking means contain two brake shoes that can be applied essentially horizontally to the shaft from the direction of two sides, said brake shoes being arranged on tong arms. The applying of the brake shoes takes place in such a way that the brake shoe that during the application moves in moving direction of the tangential belt comes to rest against the shaft before the other brake shoe. In addition, it is provided that a tension roller loading the tangential belt in normal operation, during the braking, will not be moved off the tangential belt before both brake shoes are applied to the shaft.

Abstract: A chain lock for round chain links, particularly for use in mining, consisting of preferably congruent part links, a center portion and a locking pin. The center portion is supported on cylindrical surfaces which form the base of a recess. The recess is provided in either inner side of the inner shank of the part links and undercuts both outer sides of the shank attached to it. The center piece has cylindrical supporting surfaces on opposite sides, and a pair of flat surfaces which are pierced by the cylindrical-surfaced supports. The ends of the center piece are supported in the receiver of the shanks when the center piece is inserted. The pin pierces the center piece at an angle and protrudes with its ends above and below the surfaces of the center piece to prohibit it from being rotated.

Abstract: The present invention provides an internal combustion engine comprising a main body portion defining a combustion chamber in the form of a toroidal cavity with a generally circular axis, an air intake, compressor means for drawing air from said intake and delivering it to said toroidal cavity under pressure in a generally tangential direction to impart a swirl motion to gases in said cavity about said circular axis, means for exhausting combustion gases from said cavity, drive means disposed adjacent said exhaust means so as to be acted on by said combustion gases to perform mechanical work and thereby provide an output of the engine, and means coupling said drive means to said compressor means for providing power thereto.

Abstract: A support and seal assembly for attaching porous metal transition duct liner segments to a transition duct of a gas turbine engine. The assembly includes an elongated retainer attached to the duct and separated therefrom to define a retention space therebetween. Panel supports are rigidly attached to adjacent ones of the liner segments and extend perpendicular to adjacent side edges of the liner segments. Distal ends of the panel supports project into the retention space from opposite sides of the retainer and are captured in the retention space to attach the liner segments to the duct. A pair of resilient sealing strips are mounted on the retainer and include sealing nodes which are self-biased against respective ones of the liner segments along the side edges thereof to seal the gap between the adjacent liner segments.

Abstract: An exhaust filter for internal combustion engines enabling the gradual filtration of the exhaust gas to minimize pressure drop through the filter is provided. A second exhaust gas passageway within the filter gradually receives the exhaust gas from the first and primary exhaust gas passageway, and after filtration, the diverted exhaust gas gradually is returned to the primary passageway for discharge from the exhaust filter.

Abstract: A filtering device intended to be attached temporarily to an exhaust pipe (30) of a vehicle at occasional indoors driving and the like. The device comprises a filter (14), a filter holder (11) and a connection member (13,40) for attachment to the exhaust pipe. The object is to provide an exhaust filter which is simple to mount and dismount, which is self-supporting, which can be manufactured so cheap that it can be used as a disposable article, and which gives possibility of choice regarding the connection to different dimensions of exhaust pipes.

Abstract: A control system is provided for a hydraulic actuating system having a multi-phase stepping motor with a driver therefor which supplies and controls DC current through each of the motor windings such that no current is induced into the control winding from adjacent windings. The stepping motor precisely controls the rotation of an eccentric cam engaging an actuating plunger which actuates a control valve of the hydraulic actuating system. The driver receives control signals from a computer programmed to calculate, from user input command signals indicative of the desired system condition, and generate those control signals which most quickly achieve a rough approximation of the desired system condition. After this rough approximation is attained, the computer generates new control signals for the driver as a function of feedback signals and/or system component characteristics so as to precisely achieve the desired system condition.

Abstract: Described is a working gas pressure control apparatus for a Stirling engine including a pressure boost valve provided in a minimum cycle pressure line connected to a working space by a first unidirectional valve, a pressure reducing valve provided in a maximum cycle pressure line connected to the working space by a second unidirectional valve, an operating lever for controlling the opening and closing of the pressure boost and pressure reducing valves, a compressor connected by the pressure reducing and the pressure boost valve to the cycle pressure lines, an unloading valve arranged in a circuit short-circuiting suction and discharge lines of the compressor, and a control unit for opening the unloading valve when engine rpm falls to a value lower than a preset rpm for engine idling, when the pressure boost valve is open and when the engine is operating in the steady state, thereby minimizing compressor load.

Abstract: A hydraulic system for lifts provided with two independently supported parallel platforms comprises at least two cylinder-piston units (80, 81) for raising the platforms, a metering device (7) for feeding identical quantities of fluid to said two units, and a balancing device (74, 75) operated by means (31, 32) for measuring the height difference between the platforms and arranged to feed a quantity of supplementary fluid to that cylinder-piston unit (80) or (81) operating the lower platform by withdrawing it from that cylinder-piston unit (81) or (80) operating the higher platform.

Abstract: In a hydraulic dual-circuit brake system for motor vehicles, especially high-powered heavy passenger cars, in which the front wheel brakes combined in a front-axle brake circuit are exposed to higher thermal loads than the rearward brakes, brake fluid is conveyed by means of a feed pump to the outlet-pressure space for cooling the front wheel brakes following a braking phase. Circulated brake fluid flows from the master cylinder outlet pressure space assigned to the front-axle circuit, to the wheel brake cylinders, to an additional functional space of the primary piston in the master cylinder, and back to the supply vessel. The circulating fluid pump is controlled by a timing relay which is tripped by the brake-light switch and remains energized for a predetermined time interval to allow sufficient cooling by fluid circulation.

Abstract: Hydraulic assistance device, incorporating a casing (10) provided with a bore (12) in which first piston means (16, 18) is slideably mounted, the piston (16, 18) being able to move under the effect of the actuation of a brake pedal between a first position allowing communication between a first chamber (72) which is connected to a braking circuit (70) and a low pressure reservoir (40), and isolating this chamber (72) from a source of high pressure fluid (76), and a second position isolating the chamber (72) from the low pressure reservoir (40) and causing it to communicate with the high pressure source (76), the device also incorporating a second chamber (38) formed in the casing (10), the communication between the first chamber (72) and the reservoir (40) incorporating a second bore (52) in which a control piston (54) of second piston means (54, 60) is slideably mounted, incorporating a bore (56), the first piston having a bore in which a plunger (31) is slideably mounted, the plunger (31) joining the first

Abstract: An ambient air-to-engine fluid heat exchanger, preferably a charge air cooler, for a vehicle having an ambient air modulator in the form of an apertured plate mounted adjacent the face of the heat exchanger and controllably slidable to bring the plate apertures in registry with the ambient air openings of the heat exchanger. If the heat exchanger is for engine coolant, the front face of the heat exchanger comprises a second plate having the heat exchanger ambient air openings therein. If it is a charge air cooler, a second plate is unnecessary because, in an air-to-air heat exchanger, the charge air tubes are about the same width as the ambient air passages and thus the tubes can block the air flow through the modulator apertures when the plate is positioned to do so. The modulator plate is further preferably provided with integral louver portions between the apertures for channelling and streamlining the ambient air flow into the apertures and heat exchanger.

Abstract: A method is described wherein the efficiency of an internal combustion engine is upgraded. Heat from the engine block is used to generate high pressure steam. The steam is generated in a chamber separate from and in addition to the standard engine cooling system water jacket. The high pressure steam is fed to a selected one of the engine pistons and used to drive that piston in an otherwise alternating pattern with the combustion stroke. The steam drive and the combustion drive for the selected piston alternate one with respect to the other.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for recovery of a microorganism having ice nucleating activity from a fermentation medium which comprises the steps of (a) bringing the temperature of the medium to a temperature of about 15.degree. C. or less, (b) forming a concentrate of the medium while maintaining the temperature of about 15.degree. C. or less, (c) running the concentrate into a cryogenic fluid to form frozen pellets of the concentrate and (d) freeze drying said pellets at a temperature below 25.degree. C.

Abstract: A method for the automatic control of absorption refrigeration plant or a heat pump, by control of the supply of refrigerant to the evaporator of the plant as dependent on the temperature and the pressure of the vapor issuing from the evaporator in such a way that there is a slight degree of overheating of the vapor. At the same time the boiler power is varied in accordance with the temperature of the refrigerant vapor emerging from the boiler. The cooling for the expelled refrigerant vapor is provided by the rich solution from an absorber in a dephlegmatizer having two stages and the solution cooling circuit includes an intermediate cooler for enhancing the rectifying process when marginal conditions are unfavorable.

Abstract: An icemaker including a freezer mold having a front side and a back side with a plurality of partitioned walls disposed within the mold to define a plurality of cavities along the longitudinal central axis of the mold in which water is frozen to form ice pieces having a crescent shape with a flat side and an arcuate side joined to form two edge portions. A stripper member is disposed longitudinally along the front side of the mold and has a portion thereof above the cavities. An ice piece ejector is rotatable in only one direction and has its axle along the longitudinal central axis of the mold. An ice piece ejector guide is secured to the back side of the mold and located above the cavities longitudinally along the mold, aid guide extending laterally from the rear of the mold past the axle of the rotating ejector and spaced from the rotating ejector axle a distance slightly greater than the maximum thickness of the ice piece.

Abstract: An under the counter ice making machine has a refrigerator for producing ice cube bearing slabs. A freezer compartment support means includes a bottom compartment having a rear panel extending upwardly to a top panel. The evaporator of the refrigerator is attached to the rear panel adjacent to the top panel and the remainder of the refrigerator components are supported in the bottom compartment which has an open top. A separate unitary freezer compartment includes an integrally formed ice bin portion and a top portion. When the freezer compartment is resting on the bottom compartment of the support means the top portion coacts with the evaporator bearing rear wall end to enclose the top portion. Thus, the freezer compartment is slidably mounted on the bottom compartment so that the bottom of the ice bin portion closes the bottom compartment.

Abstract: The invention relates to a refrigeration unit of the type having a vessel for cooling water and a heat exchanger for the liquid to be cooled mounted in the vessel. Evaporator tubing is mounted on the inner wall of the vessel and a sensor mounted a predetermined distance from the tubing monitors the formation of an ice layer on the tubing. Control regulation which prevents both freezing and undesired heating of the cooling water is based on controlling the compressor providing first and second temperature ranges associated respectively with first and second sequentially generated time periods.

Abstract: A compartmentalized transport refrigeration system, and method of operating same, in which a host refrigeration unit controls the temperature of the air in a front compartment of a trailer, and a remote evaporator unit controls the temperature of the air in a rear compartment. In order to increase the heating and cooling capacity of the remote evaportor, the host unit is prevented from going into a heating mode in response to predetermined conditions, and more, or all in certain instances, of the discharge gas from the host compressor is made available for the remote evaporator.

Abstract: A refrigerant flow control system associated with a refrigerant circulating circuit having a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve and an evaporator, includes a branch pipe extending from a discharge pipe of the compressor and having on sealed free end. A first temperature sensor is disposed on the branch pipe near the sealed free end for detecting a condensation temperature of a refrigerant which is condensed in the branch pipe. A second temperature sensor is disposed on the discharge pipe of the compressor for detecting a temperature of the gaseous refrigerant discharged from the compressor. The signals representative of the condensation temperature and the temperature of the discharge gaseous refrigerant are inputted to a control device.

Abstract: A system and apparatus for controlling the operation of a vibrating compressor using a predetermined frequency corresponding to the load thereof, comprising a first sensor for detecting a temperature of pressure corresponding to the saturated vapor pressure of a refrigerant sucked by a vibrating compressor, a second sensor for detecting a temperature or pressure corresponding to the saturated vapor pressure of the refrigerant compressed and discharged by the compressor, and a control section for generating a drive power of a predetermined frequency based on the temperatures and pressures detected by the first and second sensors, and characterized in that the compressor is driven by a drive power generated by the control section.

Abstract: A device designed for utilization in a solar driven air conditioning system. The device is designed to maximize air flow through a conditioning medium, such as the earth or a large capacity heat sink, by introducing heat from a solar collector into a vertical solar chimney utilizing the thermosiphoning effect of warm liquid, thereby causing increased air flow up through the chimney because of the well known effect of rising hot air.

Abstract: A refrigerated container for the storage of lipsticks. The device is sized to fit on one's bureau at home and the device includes various compartments to segregate individual lipsticks for storage as well as a section specifically for cooling the individual lipsticks prior to storage, after use.

Abstract: The invention concerns a machine for making espresso ice-cream, of the type comprising a pressurized gas refrigerating circuit composed of a compressor, a condenser, one or more lamination valves as well as heat-exchanger coils in thermal exchange relationship with the mixture storage vat and the mixing and whipping cylinder and characterized in that the refrigerating circuit further comprises an evaporator as well as a system of valves and tubes to interconnect, alternatively and selectively, the components of the circuit, the evaporator and the coils in one of the following sequences:(a) compressor, coils, condenser, lamination valve(s), evaporator, compressor;(b) compressor, condenser, lamination valve(s), coils, evaporator, compressor,respectively for heating and cooling the contents of the mixture storage vat and the mixing and whipping cylinder.

Abstract: A plain or patterned high-pile or sliver-knit fabric is manufactured on a circular knitting machine which has a cylinder carrying latch needles, horizontally movable sinkers and a carding cloth to comb-in pile fibers to the latch needle hooks during knitting of a base fabric before the base threads are fed to the needles. The needles receiving the combed-in pile fibers are raised at the start of combing-in to a level at which the tips of the latches of the raised needles are positioned below the knock-over or knitting edges of the sinkers and the stitches of a previously knitted course of the fabric remain on the latches. The pile fibers are combed-in at this level.

Abstract: This invention relates to a warp knitting machine which is equipped with two longitudinal conveyors for conveying weft yarn groups towards a knitting head. The longitudinal conveyors comprise a plurality of hooks for engaging and holding the weft yarns and a weft yarn carriage is provided for laying the groups of weft yarns from one conveyor to the other. Each of the conveyors are provided with a depressing mechanism which includes a depressor which has an inactive position, an intermediate position and a depressing position. Means are provided for moving the depressor from the inactive position to an immediate position extending over a group of weft yarns laid between the hooks on one of the conveyors. Another means is provided for lowering the depressor from the intermediate position to the depressing position to depress the group of yarns into the hooks of the conveyor and for holding them there until the weft yarns are securely engaged in the hooks.

Abstract: A yarn feeding apparatus for yarn-processing textile machines such as circular knitting machines has a feed element which advances the yarn with its circumference. The feed element is rotatably supported on a holder which is arranged to be secured on a carrier and has yarn guide and/or monitoring devices for the yarn being fed to and/or delivered by the feed element. The feed element is driven by a regulated electric motor disposed on the holder. To provide for yarn feeding apparatus which is both compact and inexpensive, the electric motor is a stepping motor coupled to at least one yarn feed element, which advances a yarn in a slip-free manner with its circumference, each element having its own yarn guide and monitoring devices associated with it.

Abstract: A key ring device comprising a jointed ring which can be drawn apart to allow insertion of a key or other object and an accessory part hanging from the ring. The accessory part includes a tool component to separate the ring loops and a guard member surrounding the tool to protect the user from the tool.

Abstract: A rotary handle operated lock includes a pan-shaped housing member that has a back wall at the base of a forwardly facing recess. A guide member is welded to the rear face of the back wall and cooperates with the back wall to define a sturdy guide channel which slidably mounts a control member form movement between locked and unlocked positions. A shaft extends through aligned holes that are formed in the back wall and in the guide member, and through a keyhole shaped slot that is formed in the control member. The shaft has a front end region that carries a pivotally mounted, nestable operating handle, and a rear end region that carries a latching arm. The operating handle and the latching arm rotate with the shaft between latched and unlatched positions.

Abstract: A system for controlling interstand tension of a tandem rolling mill includes a detector for directly detecting a travelling speed of a work between two neighboring stands. A value of a speed of the work thus obtained is processed by a tandem rolling controlling section together with a value of a load and another value of a rotational speed of rolls. A rotational speed of the rolls is thus determined in accordance with a result of the process.

Abstract: A metal rolling mill coolant spraying system for minimizing formation of tight edges of rolled strip. The system comprises supplemental assemblies for spraying the work rolls adjacent to the strip edges, mounted for lateral adjustment controlled in response to signals from a computer for initial setup or continuous operation based on shape meter roll edge rotor signal feedback.

Abstract: An apparatus for cutting hollow, metal, spirally formed pipes is disclosed. The apparatus uses two passive, rotatable knife blades to cut the pipe. An upper knife blade is positioned inside the pipe so that its cutting edge is adjacent to the inner pipe surface. A lower knife blade is positioned outside of the pipe so that its cutting edge is adjacent to the cutting edge of the upper knife blade in the lateral direction, but is clear of the pipe and upper knife blade in the longitudinal direction. To cut the pipe the lower knife blade is raised until its cutting edge overlaps the cutting edge of the upper knife blade. The knife blades then puncture the pipe. The pipe is rotated through the overlapping blades to completely cut the pipe. Since the pipe moves spirally (i.e., it moves forward while it rotates), the knife blades are adapted to move in the direction of the pipe during the cutting process. This permits the overlapping knife blades to cut the pipe rectangularly.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for pressure testing pipe and fittings systems. A seal has a disk portion and a flange portion. The seal is permanently attached to the inside of a fitting on the distal end of the pipe section to be tested, thereby blocking fluid flow. The section is installed and tested by conventional means. After testing, a pull-tab formed in the seal is removed to permit fluid flow through the seal. Subsequent sections can then be installed and tested.

Abstract: In accordance with the invention, a wheel (16) is used as the burnishing wheel for a helical thread, the periphery of which wheel has a profile whose shape matches that of the thread to be surfaced. The wheel (16) is mounted such that it rotates freely about an axis which is inclined with respect to the axis of the screw (10) which is caused to rotate about its own axis. The wheel (16) is applied in a resilient manner to the screw (10) by means of a compression spring (56) which pushes the pivoting support (18) of the wheel (16) in the direction of the screw (10). The carriage (20) on which the support (18) is pivotably mounted is freely displaceable in translation parallel to the axis of the screw (10) on a rail (22). The invention may be used for finishing by means of burnishing of a helical thread using an automatic repetitive cycle comprising a predetermined number of passes of a burnishing wheel along the thread.

Abstract: An internal frame carrying vertical rolls of a roll set permanently remains in the mill. The frame consists of spaced-apart cross members tied together on each end by a yoke member. Clamping plates hold the frame down in the mill. Pass line adjustment of the vertical rolls is done through vertical movement of the frame. The yoke on the operating side is removable and is raised and lowered for roll set changing, and is equipped at its top with tracks which in the removable yoke's lower position form part of a rail system in the roll set changing operation. Pins and cylinders hold the removable yoke to the cross members. Stooling pins are automatically engaged in the chocks of the vertical and horizontal rolls forming an interlocking roll set for its removal from the mill.

Abstract: A portable carrier module for transporting work rolls and entry and exit guides to and from a cantilevered roll stand in a rolling mill. The carrier module remains removably mounted on the roll stand during the rolling operation, and includes integral roll cooling means automatically coupled to water supply conduits extending through the roll stand housing.

Abstract: A jaw assembly for a stretch forming press is disclosed. The jaw assembly comprises a flexible jaw having a plurality of hingedly connected jaw segments mounted to a supporting jaw frame by means of three support pins so arranged as to distribute the loads from the part being formed into the support jaw frame through the three support pins.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a valve sleeve is disclosed which is adapted to construct an oil rotary valve together with a valve rotor, and a valve sleeve of a configuration which is suitably formed by carrying out the method is also disclosed. The valve sleeve has an axially extending groove in its inner surface, and the bottom surface of the groove has a portion which is disposed at an angle with respect to the axis. The method of manufacturing comprises shaping a cylindrical member having an inner and an outer diameter, both of which are greater than those of a valve sleeve to be manufactured, inserting a punch into the material, and applying a compression to the material from the radially outside thereof to cause the internal surface of the material to bear against the punch.

Abstract: The method and apparatus for rolling a section of metal plate into a cylindrical pipe section wherein leading and trailing edges of said plate section are pre-crimped to the final desired radius of said cylindrical pipe section, feeding the leading edge of said plate section into a forming mill that includes an overhead mandrel having a radius approximating said final desired radius of said pipe section, forcing said mandrel to deflect along the length thereof during the forming of said plate section between said mandrel and a pair of driven bending roll means whereby said mandrel and said bending roll means are maintained at the same curvature throughout the length thereof and said plate section is uniformly bent along the length thereof to said desired final radius.

Abstract: A single station hemming device for hemming the upstanding peripheral flange of an outer element to overlie the periphery of an inner element to thereby join the outer element to the inner element. The hemming device has a series of hemming tools positioned end to end around the periphery of the outer element, each hemming tool being actuated in unison by a single motor to simultaneously hem the peripheral flange of the outer part. Each hemming tool is cam operated through a system of links by a single actuator to move in a first arcuate direction generally transversely of the flange to do a first stage hemming operation of about 35.degree.-55.degree.; then in a second arcuate direction to lift it above the flange and then in a third arcuate direction generally parallel to the original orientation of the flange to complete the remaining approximately 55.degree.-35.degree. of hemming of the flange.

Abstract: A frame for a large 50-500 kiloton forging press including a pair of spaced horizontally crossheads which are interconnected by left and right upright tie-rod assemblies. The crosshead and tie-rod assemblies are connected to one another by way of yoke shaped couplings which are disposed around each end region of the upper and lower crossheads. The tie-rod assemblies which are constructed of a plurality of overlapping elongated plates are pivotally connected to the couplings. The absence of link pins for connecting the tie-rods and crossheads directly to one another improves the distribution of stresses in the frame of the forging press. Apart from the above, plates of the tie-rods are fabricated in sections which are interlinked by suitable link plates to produce sufficiently long tie-rods. The plates of the tie-rods are provided with more than one linking position to the crossheads to allow adjustment of the size of the daylight of the forging press.

Abstract: A process is described which makes use of a folding press and a numerically controlled manipulator device provided with mechanical pincers; the sheet metal to be worked is gripped by the manipulator device and carried against an abutment shoulder disposed in front of the press; the alignment of the front edge of the sheet metal with the abutment shoulder is then tested by means of microswitches, and then the sheet metal is carried under the blade of the folding press utilizing, as reference co-ordinates for the movements of the manipulator, those of the abutment shoulder.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the gas flow rate in a high pressure critical flow nozzle is disclosed. A high pressure gas flows through a first critical flow nozzle. Upstream of the first critical flow nozzle a small slip-stream of gas is removed and flows through a smaller second critical flow nozzle. The small second critical flow nozzle drops the pressure of the gas to a low level. This flow rate of this low pressure gas stream is measured in a highly accurate low pressure gas flow rate measuring device. Since the flow rate in this device must be the same as that of the second critical flow nozzle, a correction factor can be calculated for the second critical flow nozzle. This flow rate correction factor will be the same for the first critical flow nozzle.

Abstract: A preferred semiconductor gas sensor of this invention features a gas interaction site comprising a gas sensitive semiconductor thin film and means for heating the film to an operative temperature. The thin film and heating means are carried upon a region of a substrate that is etched opposite the site to reduce the thickness of the region and thereby reduce heat flow from the region into a surrounding region.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method for testing the integrity and acceptability of the seal of a package before or after it has been sterilized by any chosen conventional process which may include heat sterilization of a sealed package, aseptic packaging or irradiation. Testing is accomplished by subjecting the package or container to a controlled external pressure, preferably a linear actuator, sufficient to create a selected level of internal pressure. Any suitable means may be used to determine the rate of pressure change within a selected time interval. Upper and lower limits of pressure change determine whether the seal is acceptable.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods for the determination of the concentration of substances dissolved in a solution by means of an osmotic cell, using a pressure measurement device, and an apparatus incorporating the aforesaid osmotic cell with pressure measurement device. According to a first method, the concentrations of the substances are determined by the formation of the differences between a final pressure which is established after contact with the solution and an original and minimum pressure. According to a second method, the pressure/time course of biphasic response curves is analyzed in the vicinity of the minimum pressure, along with the rate constant for the exponential pressure increase which takes place after the minimum pressure, and the concentrations of the substances are then computed.

Abstract: A diaphragm gas meter wherein the movement of the diaphragms is in a side to side direction and the transfer valve assembly and connecting linkages are all substantially toward the rear of the meter.

Abstract: Herein is a circuit which is capable of detecting the presence of liquids, especially cryogenic liquids, and whose sensor will not overheat in a vacuum. The circuit parameters, however, can be adjusted to work with any liquid over a wide range of temperatures.

Abstract: An accelerometer comprising a ferrofluid coated permanent magnet as a proof mass mounted for substantially friction-free movement in a hollow vessel on which vessel are mounted three coils that are used with an electrical circuit to detect and measure movement of the proof mass in response to an outside force and to return the proof mass to a null position.

Abstract: A method and device for imaging three dimensions with a single pulse of energy is described. An embodiment is disclosed which uses a single monopolar transmitted pulse which radiates through a wide solid angular volume. Echoes caused by objects in this volume are detected by a large diameter, sparse circular array of receiver elements. The time history of each element is stored in a digital memory. A reconstruction processor uses this stored time history to reconstruct an image of the reflecting objects. A simple time of flight algorithm, based on Huygens principle, is used in the reconstruction. The algorithm automatically takes into account transmitted wave front curvature and makes no approximations such as Frensnel or Fraunhofer in the reconstruction. A circular array of receiver elements can be used, which is axicon, and is focused throughout the imaged volume. A perspective processor controls the reconstruction processor such that the volumetric image may be viewed from various perspectives.