Abstract: A pressure responsive switch of the amorphous diaphragm type in which an orifice plate having an orifice for passing a pressure medium and an amorphous diaphragm which receives the pressure of said pressure medium are mounted in a case so that they are slidable along an inside surface of said case, whereby the amorphous diaphragm is not subjected to any binding effect of the case.

Abstract: Detectors for monitoring step changes of pressure in a vessel, for example a pipeline, include sensors outside the vessel for detecting a change in its dimensions resulting from a fall in pressure occurring at a minimum rate of 0.005 bars per second which is not followed by a corresponding rise in pressure within 0.05 seconds. They are useful in detecting leaks.

Abstract: A flowmeter for measuring the velocity of fluid flow by monitoring the vortex shedding frequency of the fluid flow comprises a single mode optical fibre sensing element (1) for detecting vortex shedding and utilizes interferometric techniques for producing an electrical output signal corresponding to the vortex shedding frequency. The sensing element (1) comprises at least part of the signal arm (2) of an interferometer (3) which also includes means (12) for deriving a reference signal from the illuminating light source (4). The flow induced oscillation of the sensing element (1) caused by vortex shedding produces modulations of the interferometer output which is monitored by a photodetector (14) which, in turn, produces a modulated electrical output signal which can be processed by a signal processing system (16-19) to identify the vortex shedding frequency and, hence, produce a measurement of the flow velocity.

Abstract: A vortex meter sensor including an outer beam assembly having a receptacle formed therein for receiving therein an inner beam assembly. The outer beam assembly includes a sensor body with an integrally attached axially aligned outer cantilever beam member. The cantilever beam member has an upper tubular portion and a lower vane-shaped portion. The inner beam member is a unitary member with a flange portion for securing within a complementary portion of the receptacle, with a strain gauge beam member depending from the flange portion along with an axially aligned rod-shaped inner beam member. The inner beam member is configured for being received in spaced relation within the tubular portion of the outer beam member with the lowermost end of the inner beam member being secured to the lowermost end of the tubular portion.

Abstract: A device for indicating changes of a fluid flow, comprises a housing (1) and a support member (7), connected with the housing. A valve member (11) is slidable on the support member (7) and is adapted to increase or decrease the through-flow area of a passage (14) provided in the housing for the fluid flow. A spring (13) supported by said support member (7) is urging the valve member to decrease the through-flow area of the passage. Indicating means (15, 16) is arranged to indicate the position of the valve member (11) in the housing. According to the invention, the support member (7) is adjustable relative to the housing in the moving direction of the valve member (11) for adapting the position of the valve member (7) to various magnitudes of fluid flow through the passage (14).

Abstract: A low cost sensor is described. The sensor is responsive to the component of a force applied to the sensor relative to an axis of the sensor. The sensor comprises rigid, spaced-apart support members. At least one pair of electrically-conductive elements are positioned to move with the support members in response to the force, contact and compress against one another as the force component varies relative to the axis such that the electrical impedance between the two elements changes as said component of force changes.

Abstract: The base module of the pickup comprises two U-shaped supports, each having two measuring branches connected by an intermediate branch. These parts are placed in inverted manner, so that their longitudinal axes of symmetry Z coincide and their planes of symmetry XZ and YZ are orthogonal. Cylindrical links are provided between the ends of the measuring branches of each of the parts and the intermediate branch of the other part. By placing strain gauges on the measuring branches, it is possible to determine with very reduced overall dimensions the forces in three axes X, Y and Z and the moments of the torques about axes X and Y. Such a module, optionally completed by an auxiliary device for measuring the moment of the torque about axis Z can advantageously be used in a follower or in each of the fingers of a gripper, so as to obtain information on the contact torsor between the follower and the object or the gripper and the object.

Abstract: A torque measuring device having dual range load cells is provided featuring high accuracy over a large range of torque measurements. A pair of load cell assemblies act on the torque arm of a dynamometer torque balance. A compliant element is employed to connect the torque arm to a low range load cell assembly and lost motion means are provided by the high level load cell assembly. Low torques imposed on the torque balance cause only the low range load cell to be loaded. The low range load cell assembly is selected to provide high accuracy over the low torque range levels. Once a predetermined threshold torque is applied, the deflection of the compliant element permits the torque arm to engage the high level load cell assembly. Torques beyond the threshold level are determined by summing the measured torques of both load cell assemblies.

Abstract: A tool for determining bicycle spoke tension consisting of two identical members pivoting in a scissors-like manner upon a screw retained sleeve. The two members are maintained at rest in a juxtaposed position by a spring in the center of the tool. The two members are forced apart and then permitted to close over a spoke. The tool not only grips the spoke, but it also deflects the spoke. A vernier scale is affixed to the tool which allows measuring spoke tension as a function of the amount of deflection.

Abstract: Simultaneous measuring of the concentration of solids and particle size distribution in a suspension is effected by exciting the suspension by ultrasonic waves of a plurality of frequencies, the wavelength at the lowest frequency being greater than the diameter of the largest particles to be expected and the wavelength of the highest frequency being smaller than the diameter of the smallest particles to be expected. The dimensional spectrum of the solid particles is divided into a plurality of dimensional intervals for which the respective solids concentrations are determined by measuring the radiation absorption of each frequency used for irradiation and representing the same as the sum of the products of the absorption coefficients which are specific of the frequency and dimensional interval with the unknown particle concentrations. This results in a linear system of equations which is solved with respect to the unknown concentrations.

Abstract: The invention relates to the production of a guidance system (9, 14) for two machine parts (1, 2) which are movable relative to each other and are interconnected through this guidance system. To protect this guide track (9) disposed on the first machine part (1) from the track dust, grease, oil and the like, it is disposed in an almost completely closed guide channel. This guide channel is accessible only from the top through a slot engaged by guide elements (14) of the other machine part (2). The slot is covered on the one hand by the housing of machine part (2), and in the area outside of this housing it is closed by a belt (4). The guide track (9) is thus closed to the outside in any position of the machine part (2). If a toothed belt drive (3) is used, the toothed belt (4) acts as driving and covering element at the same time.

Abstract: A linkage for transmitting torque includes a stationary member, a movable member rotatably mounted to the stationary member, an input link having one end rotatably mounted to the stationary member and a second end connected to a linear actuator and a coupler link. The coupler link is connected to the second end of an output link, preferably integral to the movable member. The moment applied to the input link by the linear actuator is transferred through the coupler link to the output link, or movable member. The angle of rotation of the output link is greater than the angle of rotation of the input link.

Abstract: An electrically-operable actuator 10 which includes a reversible direct current electric motor 16, a reduction gear train and a reciprocable member 96 adapted at one end to be coupled, for example with a locking lever of a motor vehicle door latch has, in the reversible direct current electric motor 16, a permanent magnet stator 18 in the form of a cylindrical ring, the internal diameter of which is at least twice the actual length thereof; a coil-wound armature 24 in the form of a salient pole rotor having a diameter of at least twice the actual thickness thereof; and a flat disc-shaped segmented commutator secured to said rotor concentric with, and adjacent, a pinion output gear 40 on said rotor.

Abstract: In a rack and pinion power steering apparatus including a hydraulic cylinder housing, a pinion, a rack, a piston, a bolt for mounting the piston to the rack, etc., the rack is formed at one end thereof with a boss portion having a threaded portion which is formed with large inner diameter cylindrical cavity between the boss portion and the bolt in such a way that the female thread extends from a position radially corresponding to near the middle of the boss axial length or near the end surface of the rack to the bottom of the threaded portion. Therefore, it is possible to concentrate a load applied to the piston due to difference in pressure between two chambers to the relatively thick rack, not to the relatively thin boss portion, thus improving the mechanical strength of the steering apparatus without increasing the size or volume thereof.

Abstract: The gear shift mechanism according to this invention includes a selector shaft, rotatable by means of a shift lever for selecting various gear shift channels and axially displaceable for engaging the selected gear. The selector shaft carries a shift finger for engagement with the selector forks in the respective gear shift channels and a selector finger, which engages the slots of an internal shift gate to constrain the movement of the selector shaft. To prevent inadvertent engagement of the reverse gear, a pawl is rotatably mounted on the selector finger and is held by a spring biased detent in one of two stable angular positions, which are aligned with and perpendicular to the direction of the gear shift channels. A stop and at least one control pin are provided on the gate plate to cooperate with the pawl.

Abstract: A multi-articulated robot is disclosed which comprises a base; a first arm rotatably supported to said base; a second arm rotatably supported at a forward end of the first arm; a work shaft provided at a forward end of the second arm; belts provided below the first arm and the second arm, respectively; a motor provided at the base for driving the work shaft; a hollow shaft fixed to the base, the hollow shaft rotatably supporting the first arm, and the motor being fixed to the hollow shaft; a rotary shaft rotatably supported in opposition to an output shaft of the motor, the rotary shaft projecting into a space defined below the hollow shaft; a declerator interposed between the rotary shaft and the output shaft of the motor and a pulley provided at a projecting end of the rotary shaft, one of the belts being laid around the pulley. The belt laid around the pulley is of the endless type.

Abstract: This invention relates to a pedal mechanism for a bicycle with variable leverage pedal cranks. Two guide pulley assemblies fixedly mounted on the frame of a bicycle each comprise two relatively rotatable members cooperating with an arrangement of a chain sprocket, a flange, pins and the pedal cranks so that the lengths of the cranks varies between minimum and maximum values during each rotation of the cranks. The chain sprocket has fifty-two teeth and a free wheel sprocket eighteen teeth, the driving ratio being 2.88. Owing to the variation in driving arm of the cranks, the power consumption can be lowered and speed can be increased up to 20% compared with conventional pedal mechanisms.

Abstract: A four wheel drive for a wheeled vehicle wherein the driver of the vehicle has the option of establishing a front wheel drive, a rear wheel drive, four wheel drive and four wheel lockup drive including multiple ratio gearing, a main geared differential and an interaxle geared differential.

Abstract: An automatic transmission for a front-engine front-drive vehicle comprising a fluid coupling, a belt type continuously-variable speed transmission (C.V.T.), a planetary gear mechanism, a forward-reverse changeover mechanism and a differential device. The planetary gear mechanism includes first and second planetary gear sets, a first intermediate shaft connected to a ring gear of the first planetary gear set and a sun gear of the second planetary gear set, a second intermediate shaft connected to a planetary carrier of the first planetary gear set and a ring gear of the second planetary gear set, and an input shaft connected to an output C.V.T. The forward-reverse changeover mechanism includes a brake disposed between the output of the C.V.T.

Abstract: A creeper speed mechanism includes a speed reduction gearset driven by an engine through selectively engaged, hydraulically actuated clutches, which are pressurized and vented alternately to produce a high speed ratio and a low speed ratio gear reduction between the engine and the creeper speed mechanism. A coupler connects alternately the creeper speed mechanism and the engine to the transmission input shaft in accordance with the position of a shift rail slidably mounted within the transmission casing. The hydraulic system that actuates the clutches pressurizes a cylinder and moves the shift rail and coupler to engage the creeper speed mechanism. A compression spring moves the coupler away from the creeper speed mechanism and toward engagement with the clutch output. The clutches are vented each time the coupler is moved to a neutral position out of engagement with the creeper speed mechanism and the clutch output.

Abstract: An accessory transmission for an automotive vehicle comprises a planetary gear set, a fixed cover and a cone clutch engageable with the ring gear of the planetary gear set or the cover to provide a direct drive or underdrive gear ratio in one embodiment, or a direct drive and overdrive gear ratio in another embodiment. The principles of the invention may also be applied to an embodiment wherein the ring gear rotation is governed by a one way clutch as well as the cone clutch to provide both underdrive and overdrive transmissions.

Abstract: A drive (10) having high speed and low speed modes of operation comprising an input shaft (20), a planetary gear set (12) drivingly connected to the input shaft (20) comprising a sun gear (14) disposed about the input shaft, a brake (46) for preventing the ring gear from rotating during the low speed mode; an output pulley (50) linked to and rotatably with the planetary gear set (12), a clutch (60) for connecting the output pulley (50) to the input shaft (20) during the high speed mode and for disengaging the output pulley from the input shaft during the low speed mode, and bellows (90) for moving the clutch (60) into and out from engagement during the high and low speed modes.

Abstract: A control method for the torque establishing devices of a motor vehicle multiple speed ratio automatic transmission which is connected to the engine through a fluid coupling, particularly in step-out situations where an upshift is commanded in response to a rapid decrease in the engine throttle position. When step-out situations likely to produce a sharp reversal in the polarity of torque carried by the transmission input shaft are identified, an activated torque establishing device is deactivated at a time determined in relation to the speed ratio across the fluid coupling, thereby avoiding transmission gear lash related output torque disturbances due to the torque reversal.

Abstract: An automatic transmission has lower side and higher side friction engagement devices, with the lower side one being engaged and the higher side one being disengaged when a lower speed stage is engaged, while the lower side one is disengaged and the higher side one is engaged when the speed stage one higher than that lower speed stage is engaged. A control device for the transmission includes a shift valve for switching actuating fluid pressure between the lower side and the higher side friction engagement device and for draining the other one thereof, to provide the lower or the higher speed stage. An upshift smoothing valve is interposed in the drain path for the lower side friction engagement device for providing a higher flow resistance when a value representing engine output is relatively high and for providing a lower flow resistance when the value representing engine output is relatively low.

Abstract: An improvement in the structure of a circular knife including a novel method of making its peripheral cutting edges by reducing the number of operations required to produce the knife. Previously, as presently known, the peripheral cutting edges of circular knives involves the expense of individually cutting material out of a peripheral area as compared to the unique method of the subject disclosure which simultaneously shears and forms offset portions and radial portions, and wherein the outer knife ends of these portions are simutlaneously sharpened by a common bevel which causes the edges of the sharpened ends of the offset portions to be inset with reference to the sharpened ends of the radial portions. These two significant factors in the manfacture of circular knives constitute a meritorious advance in the art.

Abstract: A vehicle door unlocking device utilizes a pair of spaced, rigid hollow guide tubes to form a guide member that is insertable into the interior of a vehicle through an opening in the vehicle formed by the door or window and a resilient seal. A pair of flexible wires are slideably carried in the guide tubes and have manipulating handles on ends thereof which remain on the exterior of the vehicle. The ends of the wires positionable interiorly of the vehicle are manipulatable from outside the vehicle to form an enlarged loop that is positioned about a poor unlocking rod. Once the loop has been properly positioned, its size is reduced and the door lock rod can then be raised to unlock the vehicle door.

Abstract: A fluid-operated wrench for tightening and loosening threaded connectors comprises an action part having a turnable ratchet gear, and driving elements for turning the ratchet gear, and a reaction part arranged to counteract a reaction force created during tightening or loosening a threaded connector in one direction and tending to turn the action part in an opposite direction and including an attachment portion attachable to the action part and an abutment member arranged to abut against a stationary support during tightening or loosening of a threaded connector, wherein the attachment portion and the abutment member of the reaction part are formed as separate members engageable with one another so that the abutment member is movable relative to the attachment portion by a user.

Abstract: A fluid operated wrench for tightening or loosening a threaded connector without turning the wrench around comprises fluid operated cylinder and piston unit having an axis, a support including a first support portion for supporting the cylinder and piston structure, and a second support portion extending substantially perpendicularly to the axis of the cylinder and piston structure, ratchet held by the first support portion and having a ratchet axis extending substantially perpendicular to the latter, reversable transmission intermediate the cylinder and piston unit and the ratchet structure to drive the latter in one or the opposite direction during movement of the piston, structure connected to the ratchet structure for engaging a threaded connector to be turned, whereby during turning of the threaded connector in one direction a force is created tending to turn the support structure in the opposite direction, a reaction member arranged to abut against a stationary object, and structure for adjustably attac

Abstract: An adjustable wrench having a fixed jaw, an adjustable jaw which is movable to adjust the gripping distance between the fixed jaw and the adjustable jaw, a sliding jaw portion which is provided as a gripping member on either of the fixed jaw or the adjustable jaw and serves as a wedge to decrease the gripping distance between both the jaws in its sliding in one direction, and a mechanism which automatically returns the sliding jaw portion to its original retracted position.

Abstract: A clamping ring for use in pipe joints has an inside surface which is formed with generally peripherally extending indentations for axially fixing a pipe. In order to prevent an occurrence of dangerous stress concentrations in pipes in contact with such clamping rings and to permit such rings to be manufactured economically, the clamping ring is formed on its inside surface with a multiplicity of generally peripherally extending indentations, each of which extends only along part of the periphery of said inside surface, and said indentations are offset from each other in said peripheral directions and adjoint or overlap.

Abstract: A butterfly-valve disc (10) is reconstituted by applying welding metal about its edge, rotating the disc with a lathe, and working the disc edge with a lathe tool. A spinner apparatus adapts the butterfly valve disc to be turned on the lathe. The spinner apparatus comprises two spinner mechanisms (A and B) for respectively attaching to opposite sides of the disc. Each of the spinner mechanisms includes a block (38), an elongated centering shaft (42) slidably mounted on the block, a spinner bar (48) fastened to the block for extending into a boss hole (22 or 24) on a side of the valve disc on which the spinner mechanism is to be mounted, and aligning bars (70 and 72) attached to the block for making contact with the side of the valve disc on which the spinner mechanism is to be mounted for holding a valve-disc axis (88) aligned with an axis (43) of the centering shaft.

Abstract: Device for cutting band-shaped or strand-shaped material, having a cutting device in the form of a cutter roller, in which outwardly-pointing cutting edges which are arranged at a uniform distance from one another connect two circular disc-shaped or annular bodies to one another, which bodies hold the cutting edges, and the material to be cut via these cutting edges forms a lap superimposed in several coil layers, the radial innermost position of which lap is cut by the pressure which acts in intensified manner as a result of a loading body. The cutter blades, the cutting edges of which cut the material, are arranged for reducing the bending stress in such a way that they are at a setting angle alpha of 5.degree. to 25.degree. to the radial direction of the device, with the cutting edges pointing in the direction of movement of the cutter roller.

Abstract: The cutting apparatus with rules comprises a cutting form placed in an upper panel support (5) and a lower panel. The panel support (5) is constructed in a fashion enabling it to be withdrawn from the apparatus for purposes of replacing it. The replacement cutting form, supported in another panel support (5) previously prepared, is placed on the lower guides (19) of an adjustment table (14). The adjustment table (14) is brought up against the guides (4) which support the panel support (5) to be replaced in the machine. The latter is withdrawn from the machine so as to come to rest on the upper guides (19) of the adjustment table (14). This pivots by 180.degree. and the replacement cutting form is pushed onto the guides 4 situated in the cutting station.

Abstract: A punch is provided having a novel tooth configuration wherein the tooth has piercing points at the centers of the extreme ends of a rectangular shank with an arcuate surface connecting the two points and with four concave surfaces connecting the sides of the arcuate surface with flat sides of the rectangular shank. The punch has a double action wherein it first pierces the paper and then shears the side walls so that a minimum amount of energy is necessary.

Abstract: Rotating cutting element (1) having a row of cutters (5) placed in recesses at the circumference of a disc. Each recess has radially extending V-shaped front and rear edges (4,3), each cutter (5) has V-shaped front and rear edges (6,7) with the apexes facing away from each other. Each cutter (5) is held in the recess against an abutment (9) by means of a wedge (10) which is tensioned by means of a screw (15).

Abstract: A scoring saw is disclosed for use in association with a main saw blade and disposed forwardly of the main saw blade and rotating in the opposite direction. A mechanical connection transmits the power from the main blade to the scoring blade. The mechanical connection is mounted in a longitudinal casing which is pivotally carried at one end on the axle of the main blade and which rotatively carries the scoring blade at its free end. A support assembly is constructed and arranged to vertically adjust the casing and therefore the scoring blade. An adjustment is further provided to transversely align the scoring blade with the main blade.

Abstract: A membrane keyboard for e.g. a low cost electronic tone generator of the type affixed to the binding of a songbook is disclosed. The keyboard includes a base carrying a set of interdigital upwardly facing printed circuit contacts for each key. A membrane overlay is vacuum formed of a thin plastic sheet to define a horizontal row of playing keys, each key being formed as a plateau area, with a vertical depression spring rib separating each key. Each key includes an elastomeric foam pad affixed to its underside area which carries a conductive lower surface aligned with with the interdigital traces of the key. The conductive surface bridges the traces to complete an electrical circuit when the membrane is depressed downwardly from its top surface.

Abstract: Waveshapes of plural periods for plural channels having characteristics different from each other are stored in a waveshape memory and read out from it when a musical tone is to be produced. Read out waveshapes are respectively weighted by weighting data supplied from a weighting data generator and thereafter a desired tone waveshape is obtained by electrically or acoustically combining these weighted waveshape. As an example, the waveshapes are composed of plural attack waveshapes equal in number to channels and only one sustain waveshape. In this case, the attack portion of the musical tone is formed by the combined one of the attack waveshapes and the sustain portion is formed by the sustain waveshape. This enables the memory capacity of the waveshape memory to be reduced and facilitates the complex tone color control in the attack portion. In another case, each of the waveshapes is composed of an attack portion and a sustain portion, sustain waveshapes forming the sustain portions being matched in phase.

Abstract: An electronic musical instrument automatically plays a musical accompaniment utilizing a minimized number of tone signal generating channels. The electronic musical instrument has a plurality of tone signal generating channels each for generating a tone signal representative of a tone to be produced. Keys depressed on an associated keyboard are assigned to the tone signal generating channels to cause them to generate tone signals corresponding to the depressed keys. When an automatic accompaniment circuit is actuated, a predetermined number of ones of the plurality of tone signal generating channels are reserved for generation of tone signals of the accompaniment. The reservation is made such that those channels which are idle are selected at the highest priority, those channels to which the earliest released keys are assigned at the second highest priority, and those channels to which the earliest depressed keys are assigned at the third highest priority.

Abstract: A santur which having two continuous, two-story bridges extending along the length of either side wall of the santur, two continuous, two-story clicks extending along the side walls of the santur and levers and clicks for simple, fast tuning of the santur and for enabling the santur to play half and quarter notes.

Abstract: A tear resistant drum head assembly (10) comprising a primary layer (11) of contiguous synthetic material (15) and a secondary layer (12) of scored synthetic material (15') secured within a rigid support member (13); wherein, the primary layer (11) is laminated to the secondary layer (12) and the scoring pattern (17) of the secondary layer (12) comprises at least one penetrating cut through the thickness of the secondary layer material (15'); wherein, the secondary layer synthetic material (15') resists tearing in a direction generally perpendicular to an edge of the material.

Abstract: A device for retaining and releasing a wire ensuring the arming of bomb fuses comprising a practically rectilinear lever pivoting on a fixed pin and ensuring the kinematic connection between a finger and retaining the ring of the arming wire by a pivot pin, a snap hook of the device by means of a roller of the lever and the tripping mechanism of the bomb tripping means by another roller of the lever opposite a retractable element of said mechanism.

Abstract: A low voltage plasma arc is first established across the rails behind the projectile by switching a low voltage high current source across the rails to establish a plasma arc by vaporizing a fuse mounted on the back of the projectile, maintaining the voltage across the rails below the railgun breakdown voltage to prevent arc formation ahead of the projectile. After the plasma arc has been formed behind the projectile a discriminator switches the full energy bank across the rails to accelerate the projectile. A gas gun injector may be utilized to inject a projectile into the breech of a railgun. The invention permits the use of a gas gun or gun powder injector and an evacuated barrel without the risk of spurious arc formation in front of the projectile.

Abstract: A piston cylinder unit of an upwardly swinging pinile mounting necessary for the adjustment of the muzzle height of the gun barrel of a battle tank contains a bracking mechanism which becomes effective at firing at each upwardly swingable setting of the gun barrel. In this way it is possible to utilize the swinging motion of a gun mount arm carrying a gun barrel for the recoil energy release of the gun barrel. The barrel recoil energy of the gun barrel, and of the masses recoiling at the same time with the gun barrel, is thereby energy dissipatingly absorbed at the barrel recoil, after completing the free-running switching operation d of a known barrel recoil brake mechanism within a barrel recoil path c, jointly formed out of the recoil ranges a and b, on the one hand, by way of the piston cylinder unit over the gun mount arm swung back by an angle .alpha.

Abstract: A turret carrying an axis-defining gun barrel having a rear-end breech and pivotal in the turret about a horizontal elevation axis transverse to the barrel axis has an apparatus in the turret behind the breech for separately loading projectiles and charges into the breech. This loading apparatus comprises respective projectile and charge magazines in the turret behind the breech set up to feed the projectiles and charges to respective pickup locations both located in the turret horizontally to the same one side of the barrel axis. A loading arm pivotal about the horizontal axis is provided with respective projectile and charge grabs movable on and with the arm between respective pickup positions at the respective stations and loading positions aligned with the breech. Thus in the loading positions the projectiles and charges can be pushed from the grabs into the breech.

Abstract: In a brake valve of the type in which a given ratio is maintained between a master pressure developed by a brake pedal and an actual brake pressure, an arrangement is provided for continuous, rather than stepwise, adjustment of this ratio. The brake valve includes a control piston which is subjected to the master pressure and which, by the displacement thereof, opens and closes connecting channels between an accumulator containing a primary pressure fluid and a brake, as well as between the brake and a fluid collecting tank. The control piston and a measurement piston apply counter forces to the arms of a balance beam whose lever ratio determines the degree of feedback of the instantaneous brake pressure to the control piston. A stop is provided in the path of the axis of the control piston, which limits the stroke of the piston, to prevent the overloading of the balance beam during abnormally high braking pressures such as occur, for instance, during panic braking.

Abstract: A liquid pressure booster as may be used in a brake booster or clutch booster produces an oil pressure of a level which corresponds to the magnitude of an input applied to an input shaft. The oil pressure acts upon a power piston, which then produces an amplified output in response to a small input. The oil pressure is also returned to act upon the input shaft so as to provide a reaction to the input. The invention provides a step in at least one of the input shaft and the power piston so that the combination of the step and the housing defines a pressure chamber having a pressure responsive surface at the step. A flow path switching valve selectively establishes a communication of the pressure chamber with either the power chamber or a reservoir. When the switching valve is operated, the pressure responsive area of the input shaft which is acted upon by the oil pressure can be changed, thereby changing the magnitude of the reaction transmitted to a driver.

Abstract: The invention relates to a coaxial multi-function insertable hydraulic distribution cartridge valve including various inlet and outlet ports (P1,X1,R1,S1,s1,D1,B1), a first compensating slide (N1) urged towards a position of full opening by a first spring (r1), a second internal slide (J1), concentric with the first, providing the principal regulation of the oil inlet flow rate, urged by a second spring (r2), against the control pressure delivered by the inlet port (X1), towards the position of closure of the communication between the oil pressure inlet port (P1) and the outlet port (R1) delivering the actuating pressure, and isolating (C) check valve and a backfeed (G) check valve, which are urged by a third spring (r3) to return these two check valves into the position of closure of communication towards (S1) for the check valve (C) and towards (T1) for the check valve (G), a third balancing slide (E1) urged by a fourth spring (r4), against the pressure delivered by the balancing pressure port (B1) and the

Abstract: A two hand safety control mechanism for a consumer actuated by pressure medium includes a safety valve blocking the supply of pressure medium during a faulty switching and venting the consumer. For maintaining a working position of the consumer, a plurality of control valves are provided which are dynamically self-regulating. By actuating a further control valve, the automatic retention can be cancelled in order to allow the consumer to return in its idle position.

Abstract: An oil pressure control system for a power transmission which includes an oil pump, a regulator valve, an inching valve, a selector valve, a change over valve, a modulator valve, a clutch servo, a first oil passage for communicating the oil pump with the selector valve via the regulator valve and the inching valve, a second oil passage for communicating the selector valve with the change over valve and the clutch servo, a third oil passage for communicating the change over valve with one end of the modulator valve and a fourth oil passage for communicating the first oil passage located between the inching valve and the selector valve with the other side of the modulator valve. The system permits a smooth, controlled operation of the clutch servo.