Abstract: An apparatus for the controlled cooling of hot-rolled sections, particularly beams, directly from rolling heat includes cooling sections or zones, wherein, seen with respect to the section to be cooled, a cooling section each is arranged above the section and on both sides of the section and below the section, and the cooling sections can be used individually or in combination, wherein each cooling section is composed of at least one nozzle or a group of interconnected nozzles, and wherein the nozzles can be controlled individually or together.

Abstract: A vending machine having a self-contained self-aligning refrigeration unit, a temperature sensing probe positioned in front of the machine behind a glass panel for sensing the temperatures in the machine near the product to be vended and having a monetary unit which slides in and out of the cabinet and rotates for easy access.

Abstract: Oil is returned from the evaporator to the oil sump in a refrigeration chiller by directing the lubricant-liquid refrigerant mixture found in the chiller evaporator into heat exchange contact with relatively hotter system lubricant as such lubricant flows from the oil sump to the location of its use in the chiller's compressor. The oil flowing from the sump to the compressor rejects sufficient heat to the lubricant-liquid refrigerant mixture to induce the percolation thereof, such percolation being sufficiently energetic to cause slugs of the lubricant-liquid refrigerant mixture to be delivered from the location of heat exchange into the chiller's lubricant sump thereby effecting the return of oil from the evaporator for re-use in the compressor.

Abstract: A condenser (10) with a return header tank (14) has a receiver or reservoir canister (22) physically attached along side the return header tank (14), and open thereto through a discrete upper inlet (20) and lower outlet (21). The bottom of canister (22) is closed by an end cap (34) that is, preferably, welded or brazed in place. Before end cap (34) is attached, a tube of desiccant material (24) is installed and located within canister (22) by a standoff (26) comprised of a tight fitting, notched, disk shaped base (28) and narrow central post (30) which is comparable in length to the height of the inlet (20) above the lower end cap (34). The tight fit allows the tube (24) to be inserted up into the canister (22), well away from the bottom of canister (22) and free of heat damage as the end cap (34) is attached. Later, in operation, the central post (30) keeps the tube (24) located clear of the inlet (20) and outlet (21).

Abstract: An improved refrigerant receiver which includes an improved combined filter and adsorbent unit consisting of a filter extending outwardly from an elongated tube which is mounted on a refrigerant outlet conduit of the receiver and which has an outer edge with the wall of the receiver so that all refrigerant must pass through the filter, and at least one container of adsorbent material mounted within the receiver so as to be exposed to the flow of refrigerant passing through the filter without completely obstructing the portion of the receiver through which this flow passes.

Abstract: A jumper tube for connecting a flow restricting capillary tube and an evaporator in a refrigerator system includes a transition portion in between a cavity portion and a cylindrical portion. The transition portion is crimped and folds a portion of the jumper tube sidewall onto itself to form a passage in the shape of clam shell. The transition portion prevents the creation of popping sounds in the jumper tube due to uncontrolled expansion of refrigerant exiting the capillary tube.

Abstract: In this process, the fluid is compressed (at 2) in the gaseous state to a pressure called the high pressure, the fluid is precooled on passing through a precooling first stage (3), cooled and liquefied, at least partially, on passing through a cooling second stage (4), at least some of the cooled and expanded fluid is collected in a tank (5) for storing the fluid in a two-phase state and some of the gas phase is sent back via a warming line (7) from the tank through the first and second stages. The precooled fluid is divided into at least two separate streams which are expanded in parallel in the second stage, mainly a first stream intended to supply, at least partly, a first source of refrigeration (at 8), and at least a second stream, one of these streams being partially liquefied separately (at 27) on passing through the second stage (4). The process is applicable to the cooling of superconducting components using helium.

Abstract: Air is separated by rectification. The air is compressed in a main air compressor to a first pressure. Without further compression a first flow of the compressed air is cooled in a main heat exchanger to a temperature suitable for its separation by rectification. The first flow is introduced into the higher pressure column of a double rectification column comprising, in addition to the higher pressure column, a lower pressure column, in which a bottom oxygen fraction containing from about 50 to about 96 mole percent of oxygen is formed. A condenser-reboiler places the higher pressure column in heat exchange relationship with the lower pressure rectification column. A second flow of the compressed air is expanded with the performance of external work in an expansion turbine without further compression of the second flow upstream of the expansion. The expanded second flow is introduced into the lower pressure rectification column. An impure oxygen product is taken from the said bottom fraction.

Abstract: The invention is a medium color gray soda-lime-silica glass composition having excellent ultra violet and infra red absorbing ability. The colorants of the glass composition consist essentially of: greater than 0.5 but less than 0.9 wt. % total iron oxide as Fe2O3; 0.1 to 1.0 wt. % manganese compound as MnO2; 0.0005 to 0.003 wt. % selenium as Se; 0.002 to 0.010 wt. % cobalt oxide as Co; up to 1.0 TiO2; the glass composition having, at 4.0 mm. thickness: 485-570 dominant wavelength, less than 5% purity of excitation, 35 to 60% light transmittance using Illuminant A, less than 40% ultra violet transmittance measured over 300-400 nm, and less than 45% infra red transmittance measured over 760-2120 nm.

Abstract: In situ lehr-roll cleaning apparatus includes a carriage supported within the space between first and second adjacent rolls, the carriage having a first set of elements contacting the surface of the first roll and a second set of elements contacting the surface of the second roll, whereby the carriage is movable back and forth along a path parallel to the rolls. A mechanism such as a rotating wire wheel disposed on the carriage is used to clean at least one of the first and second rolls as the carriage moves along the path and in between the adjacent rolls. The invention further including means for forcing the carriage away from an adjacent roll toward the one being cleaned so that the elements contacting the surface of the roll being cleaned are forced thereagainst to precisely position the cleaning mechanism relative to the surface. Means are preferably further provided for fine-adjusting the distance of the cleaning mechanism relative to the surface of the roll being cleaned.

Abstract: An I.S. Machine for making glass bottles, having a plurality of sections, each having a blank station for forming a parison. Each section has a section frame having a top surface, and a plunger mechanism including at least one plunger canister having a lower cylinder and an upper flange. A horizontal mounting plate having a top surface and vertical openings for receiving the lower cylinder of each of the plunger canisters is fixedly secured on the top surface of the section frame. The section frame top surface has vertical openings for receiving the lower cylinders of each of the plunger canisters and the flange of the plunger mechanism is secured to the top surface of the mounting plate.

Abstract: An I.S. glass forming machine has a plurality of individual sections each including a section frame. A deflector adjuster support is secured to and extends vertically upwardly from each of the section frames and a deflector adjuster is mounted on each of the deflector adjuster supports.

Abstract: A single drive mechanism for simultaneously driving plungers of a plurality of metal molds in each of the sections by employing an output cost-efficient electric motor as a mechanism for driving the plungers. The novel plunger drive mechanism makes it possible to correctly and efficiently mold the articles without causing defect even when the glass material is fed in varying amounts into the metal molds. In molding a glass material thrown into the metal molds by moving the plungers forward, a mechanism moves the plungers forward with a predetermined torque and then backward. The mechanism includes a drive motor, a main gear, planetary bevel gears, a first driven wheel member, a second driven wheel member, a first drive pinion, a second drive pinion, a first main drive member, and a second main drive member.

Abstract: An apparatus and method used in manufacturing a long period grating filter are provided. The apparatus used in manufacturing a long period grating filter includes an upper body including a plurality of teeth spaced from each other by a predetermined distance and a lower body having teeth spaced from each other by the same distance as the teeth of the upper body and a plurality of grooves in a direction perpendicular to the teeth in which an optical fiber is loaded, wherein the upper and lower bodies are engaged with each other, and a plurality of grooves are formed in the loaded optical fiber by abrading the loaded optical fiber by moving the upper body in a direction parallel to the teeth. According to the present invention, an excimer laser, various other expensive equipment, and an optical fiber sensitive to ultraviolet rays are not required for manufacturing the long period grating filter. Accordingly, complicated hydrogen processing is not necessary.

Abstract: A fiberizer has a spinning head that is partitioned to create separate extrusion zones for fiber formation. Molten feed stock is allocated between the zones to promote a greater formation of fiber of having a narrow spectrum of fiber diameters.

Abstract: A method for creating an opening in tubular knitted fabric articles, including the steps of providing a knitting machine having a plurality of needles mounted in axial needle slots in a needle cylinder, the needles having a hook formed in a top end of a needle shank and a latch pivotally mounted on the needle shank below the hook for opening and closing the hook. A deflector is provided for deflecting a loop of yarn being formed by a needle into the vertical plane of an adjacent needle. A needle is selected from which a loop is to be transferred. The loop on the selected needle is enlarged by deflecting the loop out of the vertical plane of the selected needle laterally into the vertical plane of an adjacent needle while the adjacent needle is in a lowered, non-interfering position relative to the deflected loop.

Abstract: A flat knitting machine has a needle bed support, a machine base, the needle bed support and the machine base being formed as a single assembly.

Abstract: For producing a knitted product on a flat knitting machine with simultaneous supply of two threads of different elasticities to needles of the machine, for each stitch to be formed the length of the thread of the higher elasticity to be supplied to a needle is calculated from the supplied length of a thread of the lower elasticity and the data about the material property of the thread of the higher elasticity, and a feeding device is controlled for the thread of the higher elasticity in correspondence with the calculated thread length to be supplied.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for continuously cleaning a yarn moving through the device. A first secouring body has a yarn entrance and a yarn exit connecting by a centeral cavity. Pressurized fluid is introduced through the yarn while the yarn is positioned within and moving through the central cavity.

Abstract: Outlets of a contraction/enlargement exhaust nozzle type are formed in an air bubble-generating plate from which fine air bubbles are generated. The outlets are constituted with outer outlets and inner outlets. The outer outlets are formed along edge portions of the air bubble-generating plate and the inner outlets are formed in the inner portions of the air bubble-generating plate. Each of the outlets has a flow-in portion, a contraction portion, and a flow-out portion which are aligned in a coaxial line and have different diameters, so that each of the outlets are formed in a shape of a contraction/enlargement exhaust nozzle type. A diameter of the flow-out portion is smaller than a diameter of the flow-in portion, but larger than a diameter of the contraction portion. A height of the contraction portion is larger than a height of the flow-out portion, but smaller than a height of the flow-in portion.

Abstract: A lock that may be inserted into a standardized locking aperture, such as a standard Kensington key lock slot in the cover of a computer or other electronic device to secure the cover to the chassis of the computer or device in order to prevent unauthorized access to the internal components of the computer or electronic device. The lock may be easily installed by the end user rather than having the locking mechanism installed during the manufacture of the computer with the additional cost of a locking mechanism added to all computers. Further, the locking mechanism may be removably attached to the outer cover of the computer or electronic device by means of an adhesive, double sided tape, Velcro, a hook or magnet, so that the locking mechanism may be removed and reused with a different computer or electronic device as the device is replaced, upgraded, etc. or as security needs change.

Abstract: An interconnect mechanism is provided for a dual lock of the type having a deadbolt, a deadbolt driving mechanism, a latch bolt, and a latch bolt driving mechanism with an inside handle. The interconnect mechanism includes a base plate adapted to be mounted to an inner side of a door. The base plate includes a flange wall on an outer face thereof which faces away from the door. The base plate further includes a wing on each of two lateral sides thereof, the flange wall including a top face, a lower portion, and an upper portion. A lower cam is rotatably mounted to the lower portion of the flange wall. The lower cam is operably connected to the inside handle to rotate therewith. The lower cam includes a lobe located above the top face of the flange wall. An upper cam is rotatably mounted to the upper portion of the flange wall. The upper cam is operably connected to the deadbolt driving mechanism. The upper cam includes a lobe located above the top face of the flange wall.

Abstract: A valve security guard is provided for a storage tank having a valve for dispensing material from the tank and includes a cover with a closed end and an interior with an open end for enclosing a valve handle, and a shaft member that extends through apertures in the cover that is lockable in a fixed position located behind the valve handle to secure the cover thereon.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved cylinder construction for use with a lock system. The cylinder services to frustrate the use of lock picking tools, such as a tensioning device. Specifically, a pair of opposing flat regions are formed at the lower end of the cylinder. Furthermore, the key way formed within the cylinder has an opened lower end. These features make a system which is completely resistant to picking by way of traditional pick tools. Furthermore, the cylinder cannot be broken by way of a screwdriver or drill.

Abstract: The rate of impact between the peening elements and an internal surface of a hollow part is a function of the vibration frequency, and there is a cut-off frequency at which a hollow part can vibrate and induce repeated impact between its internal surface and the peening elements because the rate of impact becomes erratic and loses its cyclical nature as the vibration frequency deviates from the cut-off frequency. The present invention provides a method for determining the cut-off frequency at which a hollow part can vibrate and maintain the repetitive nature of the impact between its internal surface and the peening elements. Such a method requires a peening element speed limit ratio, which is the ratio of the velocity of the hollow part compared to the velocity of the peening element above which the rate of impact begins to become erratic and lose its cyclical nature.

Abstract: A hydroforming apparatus for simultaneously performing two or more hydroforming operations includes a frame that is sized to support a plurality of hydroforming dies in a stacked relationship. Each of the dies includes a pair of cooperating die sections having respective recesses formed therein that define a die cavity. Initially, the first die section of the first die is positioned in an uppermost spaced apart position relative to the second die section of the second die, while the second die section of the first die and the first die section of the second die are positioned in an intermediate spaced apart position relative to both the first die sect of the first die and the second die section of the second die. Then, hollow tubular blanks are inserted between the spaced apart die sections of the first and second die Next, the ram and the support mechanism are moved downwardly relative to the be such that the pairs of cooperating die sections of the first and second dies engage one another.

Abstract: A transmission shaft of a movable arm of a pipe bender comprises a main shaft, a sun gear ring and a central gear shaft. The main shaft has an upper end fixedly connected to the movable arm, and has several planet gears received therein; the planet gears each communicates with a corresponding one of side openings of the main shaft. The sun gear ring is located around, and engages the planet gears, and is fixed to a fixed arm of the pipe bender. The central gear shaft has an upper end gear portion passed into the main shaft, and engaging the planet gears. A lower end of the central gear shaft is connected to a power source. Thus, the main shaft can turn to move the movable arm when the central gear shaft is turned because the sun gear ring is fixed. The dimensions of the gears do not have to be increased to increase the torque because of the present structure.

Abstract: A device with a stepped adjustment for adapting the vertical position of the rolls of a roll stand to the rolling line, wherein the rolls are supported on both sides in chocks and arranged so as to be raisable and lowerable in roll housings, particularly in a four-high skin pass stand or sizing stand operated with low rolling force. The chocks of one of the rolls have on their sides facing the roll housings a toothed segment and complementary toothed rails are arranged in the roll housings opposite the toothed segments and are movable toward and away from the toothed segments.

Abstract: This invention relates to a roll mill comprising hydraulic clamping devices acting on at least one roll (2) with adjustable level, and devices for measuring the position of the adjustable roll, comprising, at each end (42) of the roll, a measuring rod (4) going through a tubular sleeve (5) with a certain clearance for insulating the pressure chamber (33). According to the invention, the clamping jacks (3) are single-action and the insulating sleeve (5) connected to each jack is extended by a sheath (53) going through the roll standard of the stand up to an external end on which rest devices for restoring the jack (3), in the direction opposite the clamping direction, while resting on the standard of the stand.

Abstract: A process by which it is possible to make a sharp-angled indentation on hollow tubes without removing any material, maintaining a constant thickness of tube and also without deforming the external diameter and conserving the fiber orientation of the metal, characterized by the fact that a riveting machine is used, which itself is a well-known type of machine, comprising a riveting head fitted to a spindle operating in conjunction with pressing devices and a fixed half-clamp. The riveting head of this machine is replaced by a former adapted to the profile of the indentation required and in particular to its sharp angle. The tube in which indentations are required (1) is positioned between the former and the fixed half-clamp and the pressure devices are operated, causing movement of the spindle in order to allow indentation of the tube (1).

Abstract: The movable blank-holder of a bending press includes a series of segments and a pair of motor-driven carriages each of which has an entraining member which can selectively engage and release the segments in order to move them for re-arrangement purposes. Each of two segments situated at opposite ends of the series includes a shoe-holder which supports a respective shoe by means of inclined guides. Each shoe-holder body carries a respective slide having a driving portion and each shoe has a driven portion. These driving and driven portions have facing cooperating pressure and sliding faces arranged in a manner such that a movement of the slide towards the center of the press is converted into an oblique movement of the respective shoe such that it is released from a lateral channel-shaped bend already formed in a metal sheet, without sliding on the sheet.

Abstract: The movable blank-holder (16) of a bending press comprises a series of sections (26, 28) and a pair of motor-driven carriages (42) each of which has an entraining member (44) which can selectively engage and release the sections (26, 28) in order to move them for re-arrangement purposes. Each of two sections (28) situated at opposite ends of the series comprises a shoe-holder body (48) which supports a respective shoe (50) by means of inclined guides. Each shoe-holder (48) carries a respective slide (56) having a driving portion (60) and each shoe (50) has a driven portion (64). These driving and driven portions have formations (62, 64) cooperating with one another directly with a shaped coupling with a single degree of freedom, arranged in a manner such that movements of the slide (56) are converted into oblique movements of the respective shoe (50) for releasing it from and engaging it with a lateral channel-shaped bend which has already been made in a sheet-metal panel, without sliding on the panel.

Abstract: A tool for testing pressure/vacuum engine control switches includes a first and second housing. The housings each include inner and outer passages. The housings are attached with the inner passages placed adjacent each other. When attached, the housings form a continuous longitudinal passage. A pressure chamber is attached to the first housing and includes a valve. The valve provides a passage to a testing chamber. The testing chamber includes a receptacle, pressure/vacuum gauge, and a plug. The first housing also includes a vent and a piston/rod arrangement which define a fluid chamber in the first housing. The rod extends from the first housing through the inner passages and partially into the second housing. A seal is provided around the portion of the rod which passes through inner passages. A return spring is provided around the portion of the rod which extends into the second housing. A lock-and-swivel joint is located at the end of the portion of the rod extending into the second housing.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement for indicating a need for maintaining a hydraulic breaking apparatus, the arrangement comprising means for measuring at least one parameter describing the loading of the apparatus. The invention also comprises an indicator which is specific for each breaking apparatus and which is arranged to indicate visually, for example by means of LED lamps, that the parameter measured has exceeded the limit value determined in advance for maintenance.

Abstract: Methods of use and devices for detecting analyte in fluid. A system for detecting an analyte in a fluid is described comprising a substrate having a sensor comprising a first organic material and a second organic material where the sensor has a response to permeation by an analyte. A detector is operatively associated with the sensor. Further, a fluid delivery appliance is operatively associated with the sensor. The sensor device has information storage and processing equipment, which is operably connected with the device. This device compares a response from the detector with a stored ideal response to detect the presence of analyte. An integrated system for detecting an analyte in a fluid is also described where the sensing device, detector, information storage and processing device, and fluid delivery device are incorporated in a substrate.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for detection of leaks in boilers containing a temperature control liquid which is supplemented with feedwater and removed as blowdown. The methods include measuring rates associated with the feedwater supplementation and blowdown, adding a tracer to the temperature control liquid, determining the change in rate of the feedwater supplementation, determining the mass of the temperature control liquid, deriving the change in concentration of the chemical tracer in the temperature control liquid, calculating the unaccounted for water rate and comparing this rate with zero to determine if a leak condition is present.

Abstract: An additive is introduced into a fluid system and dissolved in a carrier fluid which is immiscible or slightly miscible in the fluid system, wherein the carrier fluid is subsequently removed from the fluid system. This method can be used to detect leaks, wherein an on-off UV light source, such as xenon light, can be used to detect the leak visually.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for displaying a contour of a lens-shaped template formed to be fit in a lens frame of an eyeglass frame. The contour is displayed on a display in a same size of a real lens-shaped template. The apparatus includes a display for displaying a cross-sectional V-shaped edge figure, a position, and a thickness at an arbitrary point of the contour. The invention also relates to an apparatus for displaying a lens shape. The apparatus includes first display means for displaying a contour of a lens-shaped template formed to be fit in a lens frame of an eyeglass frame, second display means for displaying a cross-sectional V-shaped edge figure at an arbitrary point of the contour, and third display means for displaying a first mark indicating a position of the contour corresponding to positions of at least two edge figures displayed by the first display means.

Abstract: A stroke identifying unit, for an electronic fuel injection control system of an engine, can identify cylinder strokes without detection of the rotation of the engine's camshaft. The stroke identifying unit includes a crank pulse generator for detecting a phase of a crankshaft of the engine. In a four cylinder engine, an intake pressure sensor detects the combined intake pressures in the second to fourth intake pipes, communicating with the second to fourth cylinders. A fuel injection control unit identifies strokes of the first to fourth cylinders on the basis of a relationship between the detected phase of the crankshaft and the detected intake pressures.

Abstract: A vehicle meter self-diagnosis apparatus includes cross coil movements 11, 13, 15, and 17, drivers 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18, a driver control circuit 20, a ROM 22 into which indication adjustment information of the cross coil movements 11, 13, 15, and 17 is written, a CPU 8, and a self-diagnosis control circuit section 30 being started by a reset switch 32 for driving the drivers 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18 and diagnosing the cross coil movements 11, 13, 15, and 17.

Abstract: A method for minimizing the radial runout of a tire and rim assembly 10 having the steps of locating the position of maximum radial runout and measuring the amount of maximum radial runout; loosening the threaded fasteners 24 attaching the rim 20 and disk 22; and moving the disk 22 radially toward the location of the maximum radial runout a distance one-half the measured runout amount and then retightening the threaded fasteners is disclosed. The method minimizes first harmonic vibrations caused by the normal assembly of these components.

Abstract: An instrument is provided with several sensing elements to enable several parameters of a processed yarn to be measured or determined. In order to minimize the total sensing element/guide contact with the yarn within the complete process threadline, the yarn is guided through the instrument by contact only with the inlet and outlet guiding elements of the instrument and contact operative sensing elements. One particular instrument consists, in succession, of an interlace sensing device, a tension sensing device and an oil content sensing device. The electrical resistance of the yarn is measured between two pins of the oil content sensing device and in this case, the first pin is also a tension sensing pin of the instrument, and the second pin of the oil content sensing device is also the outlet guide of the instrument.

Abstract: Processes and apparatus for signal analysis enable “pass/fail” determinations to be made with respect to noisiness of a mechanical or electrical system under test, particularly the presence of bumps and nicks in gear train systems under test. In a process aspect, for a gear system, a torque input is applied. A first signal responsive to the torque applied to the gear system under test is produced, which is converted to digital data responsive to a first correlation between the first signal and time. Peaks in the digital data are measured to determine whether they exceed a predetermined threshold magnitude. The peaks that exceed the predetermined threshold magnitude are subjected to harmonic analysis, the results being compared to gear tooth harmonics to determine whether the peaks constitute an anomaly. Such an anomaly is a bump or a nick on a tooth of the gear system under test.

Abstract: The air mass meter a heating element and, downstream of the heating element, a disturbance body disposed in a duct element. The heating element and the disturbance body are geometrically shaped and arranged in the duct element such that the heating element is surrounded by a laminar flow at all the flow velocities of the air in the duct element which are operationally relevant to an internal combustion engine. The heat transmitted to the heating element is consequently determined only by the mass of the air flowing past and error-inducing flow disturbances are avoided.

Abstract: Liquid level lever gauge with a hinged counterweight segment, or a hinged float arm segment or both a hinged float arm segment and a hinged counterweight segment. The invention permits lever arm gauges to be used in liquid storage tanks having small openings through which the gauge can be inserted.

Abstract: An improvement in the enclosure assembly for automated testing devices. The enclosure includes various modular components, such that one components contains common elements and another component contains unique elements. The common elements may be elements found in a design family and the unique elements may be the unique feature of a device in a design family. The customized and common components are mounted in a chassis and enclosed with a cover.

Abstract: An angular velocity sensor including a tuning-fork sensor element made of a material exhibiting piezoelectricity to have two arms formed integrally on a base and electrodes provided on surfaces of the arms. The free end of each arm is formed with an extension projecting outward in the direction of arm vibration. The surfaces of the arms lying in the direction of vibration and the surfaces thereof lying orthogonal to thee surfaces are each provided with a single electrode. When the angular velocity sensor experiences an angular velocity owing to rotation about an axis orthogonal to the plane of the tuning fork, Coriolis forces act on the arms in the same direction as or the opposite direction from that of the vibration at that instant, thereby producing a bending moment. The direction and magnitude of the angular velocity can be determined by detecting the voltages produced by the bending moment.

Abstract: Rotational motion about at least two different axes may be resolved to measure the direction, magnitude and pivot point of the rotational displacements In some embodiments, these measurements may be made by a device which may be integrated into a silicon substrate using conventional silicon processing techniques. For example, a pair of accelerometers may be formed by a pair of cantilevered beam arrays. Rotational displacement of a camera imaging sensor, for example, may use such accelerometers integrated into the same silicon substrate forming the imaging sensor.

Abstract: A micromechanical capacitive accelerometer is provided from a single silicon wafer. The basic structure of the micromechanical accelerometer is etched in the wafer to form a released portion in the substrate, and the released and remaining portions of the substrate are coated with metal under conditions sufficient to form a micromechanical capacitive accelerometer. The substrate is preferably etched using reactive-ion etching for at least the first etch step in the process that forms the basic structure, although in another preferred embodiment, all etching is reactive-ion etching. The accelerometer also may comprise a signal-conditioned accelerometer wherein signal-conditioning circuitry is provided on the same wafer from which the accelerometer is formed, and VLSI electronics may be integrated on the same wafer from which the accelerometer is formed.

Abstract: A standard pattern vector of a normal sound, an input pattern vector of a monitored sound, a positive vector of a reference pattern, and a negative vector of the reference pattern are produced. Regarding each element, the positive vector is increased by an absolute value of a difference between the input pattern vector and the standard pattern vector if the input pattern vector is greater than the standard pattern vector, and the negative vector is increased by the absolute value if the input pattern vector is less than the standard pattern vector. A difference of a kurtosis between the positive vector and the negative vector is calculated, wherein a center of the reference shape is relatively moved to a position of each element of the positive and negative vectors respectively at every calculation. A geometric distance value between the standard pattern vector and the input pattern vector is obtained by calculating a square root of a sum of a square of each kurtosis difference.