Abstract: A controller for an internal combustion engine is disclosed that improves drivability by always stabilizing combustion. A combustion state is detected based on an engine speed fluctuation every cylinder, and whether combustion is stable is determined. When combustion is stable, whether the condition of executing fuel stability deteriorating operation is satisfied is determined. When combustion is unstable or the condition of executing the fuel stability deteriorating operation is satisfied, a control item adapted to current operating state is selected from control items of ignition timing, ignition method, in-cylinder flow velocity, EGR rate, and air-fuel ratio, and a control is performed so that the combustion velocity and the combustion pressure are stabilized. In the ignition control method, a spark is made a plurality of times by a spark plug. In the control of the in-cylinder flow velocity, a gas flow velocity in a cylinder is increased by strengthening a swirl flow.

Abstract: An apparatus (1) for nebulising a liquid, in particular for medical use, comprises a box case (2) and a compressor assembly (4) housed internally to said box case (2) and provided with an air intake conduit (5) and an air delivery conduit (6). A device (10) for activating the compressor assembly (4) is housed internally to the box case (2) and it is provided with an external command (16) which can be activated by the user. A nebulising bulb (17) is housed in the box case (2), presents a terminal mouthpiece (18) and it is provided with an air inlet section placed directly in communication with the delivery conduit (6) of the compressor assembly (4).

Abstract: An inventive edge cleaning device is provided for cleaning the edge a thin disc such as a semiconductor wafer. The inventive edge cleaning device has a sonic nozzle positioned so as to direct a liquid jet at the edge surface of the thin disc. Preferably the sonic nozzle is radially spaced from the thin disc's edge so that scrubbing, spin rinsing or spin cleaning may be simultaneously performed on the major surfaces of the thin disc as the thin disc edge is cleaned by the sonic nozzle. The liquid jet may include deionized water, NH4OH, KOH, TMAH, HF, citric acid, a surfactant, or other similar cleaning solutions, and the nozzle may remain stationary as the thin disc rotates or the nozzle may scan the circumference of the thin disc to clean the entire edge of the thin disc.

Abstract: The device for removing bond pad material deposits adhering to the ends of contacting needles for contacting the bond pads of a die is provided with a substrate having an adhesive upper side adapted to be contacted by the ends of the contacting needles and being configured such that the adhesive force between the deposits and the upper side of the substrate is larger than the adhesive force between the deposits and the ends of the contacting needles.

Abstract: A valve unit for controlling the delivery of a combustible gas through a gas path comprises a first valve seat in the gas path and a first closure means associated with the seat, a first actuator means for the control of the closure means for opening and closing of the valve seat and also motor means for the operating control of the first actuator means. The unit further comprises a second electromagnetic actuator means interposed between the closure means and the first actuator means to urge the closure means so as to close the valve seat, independently of the operating position of the first actuator means, when a predetermined condition occurs which requires the interception of the valve seat.

Abstract: A reservoir for a liquid circuit has a partition dividing it into an upper chamber and a bottom chamber from which liquid is drawn via an outlet conduit. An inlet conduit for returning liquid to the reservoir opens into a deaerator which is mounted on the partition so that the liquid is returned into the bottom chamber and the separated gas is discharged through a degassing orifice which opens into the upper chamber. The deaerator is provided with a valve which closes the degassing orifice when the reservoir is inverted or subjected or negative gravity, thus ensuring the continuing supply of liquid to the circuit under all operating conditions.

Abstract: A fire department connection (“FDC”) and a check valve in one. FDC saves labor and time when compared to the current FDC, because with current FDC, one has to install a check valve and then install the FDC. The new FDC is a one-step process. FDC is equipped with swivels which don't allow debris, garbage or trash to be deposited in the FDC and this makes FDC debris proof. FDC allows back flushing test to be performed by removing the cap and reversing the FDC. FDC comes with three different styles of outlets which are grooved, flange, and threaded. This gives the consumers more selections to suit their needs. Current FDC's come only with one style of outlet, which is threaded outlet.

Abstract: A pressure control device (1) for maintaining a constant predetermined pressure in a container which is arranged for dispensing a fluid contained in the container from the container at that pressure. The pressure control device includes a first chamber (4) and a second chamber (6), as well as at least one closing member (8) movable relative to the second chamber for releasing and closing a fluid connection between the first chamber and the container depending on the position of the closing member relative to the second chamber. The first chamber is filled with a gas which, in use, has a higher pressure than the pressure in the container. The second chamber is located outside the first chamber.

Abstract: A Hall-effect angular rotation sensor device for a throttle valve unit. The sensor includes a housing unit, a stationary unit, and a moving unit moveable relative to the stationary unit. The stationary and the moving units are at least partially enclosed by the housing unit. The stationary unit includes a first and a second partial ring stator segment that are at least partially retained in the housing unit, leaving a stator distancing gap in which at least one Hall-effect IC switch is positioned. The moving unit includes (a) a partial ring magnet segment that is at least partially distanced from the first and the second partial ring stator segments by an air gap and (b) a third partial ring stator segment positioned behind and opposite the air gap.

Abstract: An installation for the treatment of fluid comprises a receptacle (1) defining a non-vertical portion of a path for fluid through at least two adjacent masses (A; B; C) of particulate materials, typically different from each other, each mass being in direct contact with its neighbor or neighbors, without the interposition of a separating grid. The installation is particularly useful for the separation or drying of air.

Abstract: A container for use in a processing chamber to lessen the amount of contaminant particles found within the chamber after processing. The container fits closely within the chamber and includes ports for a gas conduit and a vacuum conduit. The container may be locked to the chamber through a locking mechanism and a recess in the container. The container may be guided into the chamber with a plurality of chamfers. The container may be used in inductively coupled plasma chambers, electron cyclotron resonance chambers, and chambers capable of receiving microwaves.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire comprising a tread having block-shaped land portions with lateral sipes. The sipes have a first linear portion, a second linear portion and slanted portion. The block-shaped land portions are formed of a rubber composition that comprises silica, carbon black, a rubber component having butadiene rubber and a coupling agent. The rubber composition has hardness of 60 or less measured in accordance with JIS K6253-1993.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire comprises a tread portion provided between the tire equator and each tread edge with a continuous main circumferential groove and outer lateral grooves, the outer lateral grooves including alternately arranged wide lateral grooves and narrow lateral grooves each extending axially outwardly from the main circumferential groove, the axially inner groove-wall of the main circumferential groove extending substantially straight in the circumferential direction, the axially outer groove-wall of the main circumferential groove comprising circumferential portions and inclined portions, the circumferential portions extending substantially straight so that the width of the main circumferential groove is substantially constant, and the inclined portions inclined so that the width of the main circumferential groove increases from the narrow lateral grooves to the wide lateral grooves.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire comprises a tread portion, a pair of sidewall portions, a pair of bead portions each with a bead core and a bead apex therein, each sidewall portion provided on the outer face with means of escaping air between the tire and a mold for vulcanizing the tire, wherein the air escape means comprises a circumferentially extending vent emboss line disposed adjacently to a radially outer end of the bead apex and a circumferentially extending vent groove adjoining the radially outside of the vent emboss line and having a depth of at least 0.15 mm. Preferably, the vent groove has a width of from 5 to 10 mm and a depth of from 0.2 to 0.5 mm, and the vent emboss line and vent groove are disposed in a lower sidewall region having a substantially straight profile. The bottom of the vent groove may be substantially parallel to the straight profile of the lower sidewall region and the bottom may be provided with emboss marks.

Abstract: Decorated personal grooming devices, and particularly, decorated toothbrushes, comprise a handle, a neck and a head. The devices further comprise a plastic film having a decorative pattern thereon, said film being in conforming contact with at least a portion of the handle. When the device of the invention is a toothbrush, it further comprises bristles attached to said head. A toothbrush of the invention may be decorated by providing a toothbrush body having a handle, a neck and a head; providing a heat-shrinkable plastic film in tubular form having a decorative pattern thereon; positioning the tubular film around at least a portion of the handle such that the portion of the handle is contained in the interior region of the tubular film; and heating the film to a temperature and for a time sufficient to cause the film to shrink into conforming contact with the toothbrush handle.

Abstract: A method for producing a ceramic slurry used for fabricating a ceramic electronic component includes a mixing and pulverizing step for mixing and pulverizing a ceramic powder having an average particle size of about 0.01 to 1 &mgr;m, a solvent and a dispersant by a dispersion process using a pulverizing medium, such as balls or beads, to obtain a mixed and pulverized slurry; and a high pressure dispersion step for performing high pressure dispersion at a pressure of about 100 kg/cm2 or more after a filtered binder solution is added to the mixed and pulverized slurry to obtain a dispersed slurry (final dispersed slurry), the filtered binder solution being prepared by dissolving a binder in a solvent, followed by filtration. A method for forming a ceramic green sheet and a method for fabricating a monolithic ceramic electronic component using the ceramic slurry are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for forming pin-form wires or bumps on, for instance, an electrode pad of an electronic circuit element, in which a ball is formed on a tip end of a wire that passes through a capillary, the wire is then extended from the lower end of the capillary, a notch is formed in the portion of the wire between the ball and the capillary by a cutter, the ball is bonded to the electrode pad using the capillary, and the capillary is raised, thus pulling the wire and cutting the wire at the notch to form a pin-form wire or bump on the electrode pad.

Abstract: The invention discloses a tire forming system including a band forming machine, a shaping forming machine and a belt/tread forming machine, in each of which setting conditions of a tire size can be optionally changed, and having transport means for delivering a semi-fabricated product to each forming machine, wherein there are provided:

Abstract: The present invention is method of making a fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) used to reinforce a wood composite member, in which the FRP may be consolidated and substantially cured at the same time as the wood-wood bond lines. The method of manufacturing partially cured FRP composites of the present invention includes drawing fiber reinforcements in tension, combining the reinforcements into a dry fiber reinforcement layer, wetting the dry fiber reinforcement layer with a wet resin to form a wetted fiber reinforcement layer, and partially curing the wetted fiber reinforcement layer to form a partially cured FRP composite for consolidation and substantially simultaneous curing an uncured wood composite.

Abstract: A method for molding an end of a long resin molded article is disclosed. The long resin molded article is obtained by extrusion molding and having a design surface and an attachment surface extended in a longitudinal direction of the long resin molded article, and the attachment surface is attached to other parts. An end portion of the long resin molded article is heated so as to soften the end portion of the long resin molded article. The design surface of the heated end portion is pressed so as to stretch resin on a side of the design surface thereby forming an inclined surface on the end portion, whereby the end portion is inclined from the design surface at the end portion to said attachment surface at the end portion along said inclined surface. And the attachment surface of the heated end portion is pressed so as to form a cavity on the attachment surface and stretch resin on a side of the attachment surface.

Abstract: The method comprises a first step of applying liquid wax to a mold formed by a plurality of projections conjugate with the cells of the honeycomb in a manner such that the filling of the spaces of the mold with molten wax is complemented by the formation of an upper plate interconnecting the various cells, then proceeding with the molding of the half honeycomb and subsequent cooling to enable the half honeycomb to be removed from the mold. The apparatus has two parallel, endless belts separated by a space slightly larger than the height of a half honeycomb and driven in a manner such that the adjacent passes have the same speed and direction of movement, a mold constituted by a plurality of rows of silicone projections of a shape conjugate with the cells being fitted on one of the belts.

Abstract: A sheet piece (S′) that is needed to assemble wiring harnesses (W) on a harness assembling board (A) is recognized, and a recognition signal is generated. A sheet cutting apparatus (20) then cuts a sheet (S) from a sheet roll to a specified length in accordance with the recognition signal. The cut sheet piece (S′) then is dropped onto the respective harness assembling board (A). The sheet cutting apparatus (20) has a sheet feed roller (22), pressure rollers (23) that are movable toward and away from the feed roller (22) and cutters (26) for cutting the sheet (S). The feed roller (22) is rotated and the pressure rollers (23) press the sheet (S) against the feed rollers (22) in response to the recognition signal. Thus, a specified length of the sheet (S) is fed, and the cutters (26) cut the sheet (S) into a sheet piece (S′) of the specified length.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a brim surrounding a wafer or wafer-like object during plasma etching in a non-contact wafer holder, such brim facilitating uniform flow of the plasma discharge around the edge of the wafer during plasma etching. The brim of the present invention avoids plasma instability and non-uniform flow typical of conventional plasma etching near the edges of the wafer being etched. The brim of the present invention, by facilitating uniform and stable plasma flows, decreases non-uniform etching. One embodiment of the present invention permits the brim to move in the axial direction from a position substantially. This permits the etching process to be controlled for more uniform and precise wafer etching as lowering the brim tends to shadow the edge region of the wafer from the plasma, reducing etching in the edge region while not significantly affecting etching in the central regions of the wafer.

Abstract: An in-line continuous feed sleeve labeling machine labels containers, such as beverage containers, in an in-line fashion maintaining the elevation of the containers during their linear transport. The in-line continuous feed sleeve labeling machine of the present invention receives bottles in flood feeder or linear fashion. A timing screw or the like properly separates, and both spatially and temporally disposes, the containers for sleeving. The timing screw propels the containers onto a pedestal system. The pedestals of the pedestal system maintain their horizontal nature due to offset pivotable attachments to the track system upon which they travel. A sheet of film is unspooled from an unwind roll and passed through a tube forming apparatus that overlaps the edges of the film. The overlapping edges completing the tube enclosure are connected using ultrasonic welding or the like. The sleeve is then passed to an iris carrier.

Abstract: A covering system in which a cover constructed of a flexible sheet material may be placed on the surface of a floor between a door frame to a room. A door frame cover having an edge that is configured to conform with the shape of the door frame proximate to the floor. The door frame cover also includes a fastener or other securing mechanism to attach the door frame cover to the cover such that the edge that is configured to conform to the shape of the door frame contacts the door frame and covers the surface of the floor left uncovered by the cover by the door frame. This cover may be used in conjunction with another cover placed within the room to provide a continuous cover for the surface within the room and within the door frame.

Abstract: Process for increasing the water retaining ability of fibrous paper stocks. The process includes knead dispersing a fibrous paper stock having a stock concentration of at least about 20% and a temperature greater than about 45° C. A treatment for the knead dispersing is at least about 10 seconds. The process further includes completing a post-treatment phase to a machine tub of a paper machine in a reaction time of no longer than about 30 minutes.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for die casting includes a multi-part, reusable die having at least two die sections defining a die cavity for receiving molten material to be cast. The die sections are moveable relative to one another. Each die section defines a portion of the die cavity and the die sections define the die cavity when positioned in engagement with one another. A melting unit of the apparatus melts the material, and a shot sleeve receives molten material from the melting unit and is in fluid communication with the die. A plunger unit urges material from the sleeve into the die. The apparatus further includes a reduced pressure means, e.g., a vacuum unit, coupled to at least the die for providing a reduced pressure to at least the die cavity. A sealing mechanism of the apparatus is coupled to the die.

Abstract: In a mold device comprising pin members provided projecting from an upper mold or a lower mold in order to form an electronic apparatus frame of a metallic material having pores arranged at given pitches, the pin members are arranged so that a center line connecting the adjacent pin members is not perpendicular to the direction of introduction of a molten metal into a cavity of the mold device.

Abstract: A method of controlling the level of molten metal in a mold for continuous casting by using a molten metal level control system incorporating a molten metal level controller in the control loop thereof, which comprises damping selectively the predetermined frequency of frequencies of periodical molten metal level fluctuations through a notch filter installed in the control loop. The control loop preferably includes the phase compensation calculation part for compensating the phase delay of the stopper opening position control signal for adjusting the amount of the molten metal to be fed to the mold. The control apparatus in the control loop comprises a molten metal level senser, an FFT analyzer, an automatic tuning device for dealing with the results of the FFT analysis, a molten metal level controller and a notch filter.

Abstract: A method of exchanging heat is disclosed. Process fluid is passed through a dry indirect contact heat exchange section while a main air stream is also passed through that section. The process fluid is passed through a second indirect contact heat exchange section while a second air stream is passed through that section. A third air stream is passed through a direct contact heat exchange section and mixed with the second air stream to define the main air stream. Evaporative liquid is selectively distributed over the second indirect contact heat exchange section and over the direct heat exchange section. The distribution of evaporative liquid over one section is independent of the distribution of evaporative liquid over the other section.

Abstract: A packer for use inside a casing of a subterranean well includes a resilient element, a housing and a rupture disc. The resilient element is adapted to seal off an annulus of the well when compressed, and the housing is adapted to compress the resilient element in response to a pressure exerted by fluid of the annulus of a piston head of the housing. The housing includes a port for establishing fluid communication with the annulus. The rupture disc is adapted to prevent the fluid in the annulus from entering the port and contacting the piston head until the pressure exerted by the fluid exceeds a predefined threshold and ruptures the rupture disc.

Abstract: A system (1) is provided which comprises a housing (2) and an electric cable (3), which housing (2) has an EMC shielding wall (4) with an edge (5). The wall (4) is provided with a recess (7) which borders the edge (5). The electric cable (3) is electrically connected to the EMC shielding wall (4) of the housing (2) at the recess (7) via contacting means (8). Means (9, 10) are provided substantially at the same recess (7) for absorbing any mechanical pull loads on the electric cable (3). Thus a compact, reliable, and safe EMC shielding system (1) is provided.

Abstract: It is so constructed that electric power for actuating auxiliary equipments provided on a steering body may be obtained from an instrument panel wire harness by way of a control unit connected to the auxiliary equipments and having control function for controlling a specified one of the auxiliary equipments according to a detection signal outputted from the specified auxiliary equipment concerning the specified auxiliary equipment, and the detection signal outputted from the auxiliary equipment or a control signal outputted from the auxiliary equipment may be respectively transmitted to the instrument panel wire harness by way of the control unit.

Abstract: An interconnection contact structure assembly including an electronic component having a surface and a conductive contact carried by the electronic component and accessible at the surface. The contact structure includes an internal flexible elongate member having first and second ends and with the first end forming a first intimate bond to the surface of said conductive contact terminal without the use of a separate bonding material. An electrically conductive shell is provided and is formed of at least one layer of a conductive material enveloping the elongate member and forming a second intimate bond with at lease a portion of the conductive contact terminal immediately adjacent the first intimate bond.

Abstract: A wiring substrate includes an insulating layer (1) formed with a tapered through-hole (2), a first wiring layer (3) covering an upper surface of the insulating layer (1) therewith, a second wiring layer (4) covering a lower surface of the insulating layer therewith (1), and an electrically conductive layer (5) covering an inner surface (2a) of the through-hole (2) and closing the tapered through-hole (2) at a bottom of the tapered through-hole (2).

Abstract: A method of creating a wellbore in an underground formation comprising drilling a borehole in the underground formation using a drilling tubular, capable of being expanded, to which a downhole motor driving a drill bit has been connected, and, after drilling to the desired casing setting depth, expanding the drilling tubular into place to line the borehole by applying a radial load to the drilling tubular and removing said load from the drilling tubular.

Abstract: A rotary floor finisher for use with a power rider trailer for the sanding and screening of large wood floor areas. The floor finisher and sander to attached in substantially rigid relationship to each other and steered by a wheel provided on the floor finisher.

Abstract: A vehicle stability apparatus and method with an on-off-switch, to prevent the driving road wheel from applying excessive braking force when the traction control apparatus is off. When a selectable switch is selected off, a control unit does not exert the traction control to decrease the engine output power to restrain the driving wheels slip even if driving wheel slip is generating. Then the control unit exerts the yaw moment control apparatus for optimizing vehicle stability to control wheel braking force of respective road wheels, and the control unit compulsory exerts the traction control during generating wheel slip irrespective of the switch.

Abstract: In a power transmission system for a four-wheel drive vehicle, a multiple disk clutch for distributing a proportion of the torque of the front wheels to the rear wheels is provided between a driving shaft which is connected to the front wheels which are main driven wheels and a driven shaft which is connected to the rear wheels which are auxiliary driven wheels. Between the driving shaft and the driven shaft a torque cam mechanism, a hydraulic pump and a bidirectional clutch mechanism are provided, in that order. When the rotational rate of the front wheels exceeds the rotational rate of the rear wheels, the bidirectional clutch mechanism is engaged, a first rotor of the hydraulic pump which is operatively connected to the front wheels and a second rotor which is operatively connected to the rear wheels rotate relative to each other, and a rotational load is generated by a hydraulic circuit.

Abstract: An electric steering apparatus designed to eliminate backlash by enabling a hypoid pinion 7, which operates with rotation of a steering assisting motor, to swing with a bearing as a fulcrum and deflecting the hypoid pinion 7 in a radial direction by an elastic member 16. With this electric steering apparatus, it is possible to satisfactorily eliminate backlash without being affected by dimensional errors of parts such as gears used for assisting steering and to automatically eliminate backlash if it is caused by an increase of abrasion of teeth of the gears.

Abstract: To keep low the cross frequency of current feedback control and provide a good steering feeling, a first operation expression is selected when a difference &xgr; between a current instruction value computed based on a steering state of a steering wheel and a traveling state of a vehicle and a motor drive current value supplied from a battery to a motor for providing assist force to a system for transmitting power from the steering wheel to the wheels is larger than a predetermined value Th1, a second operation expression is selected when the difference &xgr; is smaller than the predetermined value Th1, and the difference &xgr; is corrected using the selected operation expression.

Abstract: A holder for a loudspeaker to be mounted in a motor vehicle has a receptacle for receiving a loudspeaker. The receptacle has at least one support for supporting the receptacle on a part of the motor vehicle. At least one seal is arranged on the support and seals a mounting space provided within the motor vehicle for receiving the loudspeaker in the mounted position of the holder. The holder is manufactured by first injection-molding the receptacle and subsequently injection-molding the seal onto the receptacle.

Abstract: The present invention provides a passenger evacuation arrangement for emergency use in aircraft, and in particular for evacuating passengers from an upper deck or decks of a multi-deck aircraft safely to ground level. compact when stowed and which safely, rapidly and effectively evacuates passengers to ground level. The present invention provides an evacuation arrangement consisting of a marine-type evacuation chute, and a frame for suspending the chute overboard of an aircraft in a vertical orientation, wherein the frame is relatively compact when in a stowed position. In another version, an evacuation system combines an upper chute portion and a lower slide portion.

Abstract: A driving apparatus comprising a roller screw member that includes a main shaft, a plurality of roller shafts projecting radially outwardly and upwardly at an angle from the radial direction of the main shaft and arranged at equally spaced intervals along a helical line around the main shaft, and a plurality of rollers rotatably mounted on the roller shafts. The rollers tapered to the angle are mounted on the roller shafts and oriented with the tapering inwardly to the main shaft thereby providing each roller with a bottom region of its tapered surface being perpendicularly oriented with the axis of the main shaft. The driving apparatus also includes a rail member adjacent and axially oriented with the main shaft of the roller screw member.

Abstract: According to this invention, a control panel is divided into a plurality of units in accordance with every control function, units to be controlled or connected of the divided unit is divided into a plurality of unit groups summed in accordance with a place where the unit is to be disposed, and one or a plurality of divided unit groups of the divided units having a strong relationship with at least one unit of the unit group is extracted to form a control section, the control section is disposed in the vicinity of the unit group so that it is unnecessary to provide a large integral control panel, there is no difficulty in finding an installation place for the control panel, it is unnecessary to prepare a special machine room, it is possible to provide it in an empty space around the respective unit to be controlled, it is possible to effectively use the building while enhancing the layout property of the units and it is possible to perform a quick control while reflecting a localized situation for the unit to

Abstract: The invention relates to a procedure for controlling an elevator group consisting of double-deck elevators. According to the invention, landing calls are allocated to the elevators and after that to the elevator decks in such a way that the passenger journey time is optimised. The procedure of the invention takes into account the time the call has been on and the estimated time of arrival to the destination floor.

Abstract: A multi-segment display for the representation of alphanumeric characters, formed by uniting several character-display elements having multiple segments. The united display segment elements have common vertical segments. Greater freedom for representing the characters while requiring the smallest possible number of segments is obtained by such a construction. In addition, gaps between character representation can be minimized or eliminated, allowing characters to be represented in a centered arrangement with a regular spacing.

Abstract: An inner disc portion and an outer disc portion are connected through first to fifth connecting ribs. The second and third connecting ribs which are provided on the outer diameter side are inclined reversely to each other so that a portion where the distance between outer-diameter-side end portions of the second and third connecting ribs is wider and a portion where the distance is narrower are provided alternately. The fourth connecting ribs are provided in the portions where the distance is wider respectively. In addition, each of the fifth connecting ribs are provided between the first connecting ribs and the second and third connecting ribs respectively. The inclination angle &thgr; of the second and third connecting ribs is regulated so that the distances between the end portions of the respective ribs are equal to one another.

Abstract: In a disclosed solenoid apparatus, one end of an actuating rod secured to the plunger of the solenoid apparatus abuts on a slider equipped with extension and compression pressure control valves. A coil is excited to induce thrust in the plunger, thereby moving the slider to control damping force. An end of the actuating rod projects from the plunger and extends through a rod guide to form a hydraulic fluid chamber at the rear of the plunger. Hydraulic fluid chambers inside the hydraulic shock absorber are communicated directly with the hydraulic fluid chamber at the rear of the plunger through hydraulic fluid passages in the actuating rod. Even when there is a sharp change in the pressure in the hydraulic fluid chambers inside the hydraulic shock absorber, the pressures acting on both ends of the plunger are kept equal to each other at all times.

Abstract: An oneway clutch bearing used for preventing a reverse rotation of a spinning reel during fishing is disclosed. The clutch bearing comprises a housing made of plastic resin, and including an outer wall, an inner wall, and a bottom portion engaging the outer wall and the inner wall, the bottom portion being provided at its center with a circular opening, and a plurality of bearing supporting bars being protruded at a constant interval from an edge of the circular opening; a bearing holder made of plastic resin, and rotatably disposed between the outer wall and inner wall of the housing; a bearing guide disposed above the bearing holder, inserted between the inner wall and the outer wall of the housing, and having a plurality of arcuate recesses to receive the rollers; and a cover mounted onto an opened end of the housing.