Abstract: A method of manufacturing a motor car steering wheel with an external shell made of carbon fibers, which comprises preparing a pile of sheet materials, hot molding thereof for obtaining respective half-shells with a shape corresponding to that of respective halves of the steering wheel being manufactured, mechanical flattening of the front surfaces of the two half-shells, mounting of the two half-shells above and under a steering wheel body formed by a metallic core covered by resin. The steering wheel body has lateral profiles which act as fixing supports for the two half-shells.

Abstract: A rotary furnace apparatus is provided for rapid melting of a variety of virgin and recycled ferrous and non-ferrous metals, which distributes the introduction of the unmelted charge materials and hence the melting heat requirements along an elongate gas-solid-liquid reaction zone within the furnace, according to the distribution of heat available to effect melting. In the case of fine-sized metal charge materials, fluxes and additive reagents, a longitudinally traversing solids injection lance projecting into the furnace is provided with nozzle directed to project a jet of charge down into the bath as it traverses successively backwards and forwards. A traversing oscillating conveyor is provided for coarse-sized scrap metals and the like.

Abstract: The description relates to a procedure for fastening a carbide tooth (1) at a saw blade (2), with a carbide tooth (1) fabricated according to the saw tooth geometry being held butt-jointed to the prepared front-side abutting surface (3) of the saw blade (2) and then being attached to the saw blade under addition of heat along the joint (10) between the saw blade (2) and the carbide tooth (1). To create favorable process conditions it is suggested that the carbide tooth (1) is welded to the saw blade (2) by means a focal spot (9) of a laser beam (7) extending over the whole joint length.

Abstract: In one preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a driving tool for use in driving at least two drivable objects, including a first drivable object and a second drivable object. The tool includes: a tubular body having an inner surface defining a longitudinal bore which includes a front socket portion adapted to drive the first drivable object; a retractable bit disposed within the longitudinal bore, the bit being axially, non-rotatably movable within the longitudinal bore, and the bit having a tip portion adapted to drive the second drivable object; a spring disposed in the longitudinal bore behind the retractable bit for forwardly biasing the bit; and a cap removably disposed on the rear of the tubular body, the cap closing the rear of the longitudinal bore and supporting the rear of the spring. Thus, the retractable bit is removably disposed in the longitudinal bore.

Abstract: A rotary device has a releasable tool holder. A spindle with two ends has one end adapted to secure to a rotary device and the other includes a bore to receive a tool. A mechanism to retain and release the tool from the spindle bore is coupled with the spindle adjacent the bore end. At least two unlike retention members to apply a force on the tool in the bore are adjacent the bore. A sleeve surrounds the bore end of the spindle as well as the at least two unlike retention members. The sleeve has a common surface to apply a force on the at least two unlike retention members such that when the sleeve is axially moved along the spindle, the force is varied with respect to the position of the surface on the retention member. This force maintains the tool in the bore or enables the tool to be removed from the bore. A biasing member maintains the sleeve in a retention position on the spindle.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting performance of an apparatus for punching holes in a substrate, ensuring hole quality and/or minimizing or eliminating damage to the films during the hole punching process.

Abstract: A saw blade is used on an electric power saw designed to reciprocate the saw blade. The saw blade has a plurality of saw teeth, a first line extending along tips of the saw teeth, a second line that extends straight between one tip of a distal endmost saw tooth and another tip of a proximal endmost saw tooth. The first line is curved toward roots of the saw teeth with respect to the second line. The second line ranges from 100 to 400 mm in length. One of tips of the saw teeth at a maximum distance from the second line is spaced apart from the second line by a distance of not more than 12 mm.

Abstract: A recoil buffering apparatus for use with an artillery gun of the type comprising a breech assembly (15) connected to a barrel (12), the breech assembly (15) having a firing mechanism for firing a projectile through an open end of the barrel (12). The recoil buffering apparatus comprises a recoil buffering means adapted to be fixed to the barrel (12) and movable therewith during recoil action of the barrel (12) caused by firing of the projectile, and a support means associated with the recoil buffering means for supporting the recoil buffering means and thereby supporting the barrel (12) and breech assembly (15) through the recoil buffering means. An elevating apparatus and a traversing apparatus for an artillery gun are also described. The artillery gun can also be provided with a muzzle brake (11).

Abstract: A valve system is provided for the hydraulic work system of a work vehicle, in particular of an industrial truck, with a elevating drive system for raising and lowering a load and a tilting drive system, each of which can be actuated by a control valve, in particular by an electrically actuated control valve, the opening width of which determines the speed of movement of the user. The elevating drive system is realized in the form of a single-action hydraulic cylinder and a check valve in the form of a seat valve that can be opened toward the hydraulic cylinder is located in a hydraulic line leading from the control valve to the hydraulic cylinder. The tilting drive system is realized in the form of a double-action hydraulic cylinder. The valve system has an improved function with low energy losses. The check valve has a control surface that acts in the direction of the opening position and can be pressurized by the load pressure of the elevating drive system.

Abstract: A zeroing mechanism for a hydrostatic piston/cylinder unit (1), has an actuating piston (2) that can be moved from a zero position N into at least one deflected position A and can be returned to its zero position N by a zeroing force, the zeroing force being produced at least in part hydraulically.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a water-based paint recycling method with which there is no need to set up the water-based paint application booth close to the condensing separator, which affords greater freedom in installation. The present invention is a water-based paint recycling method in which, in a water-based paint application booth in the bottom of which booth water is pooled, the paint mist produced when a water-based paint is applied is trapped by this booth water, the booth water containing this trapped paint mist is treated by the condensing separator, and the resulting concentrate and filtrate are reused, wherein this water-based paint recycling method is characterized in that the water-based paint application booth and the condensing separator are independent, not being connected by piping.

Abstract: Regarding a gasket for a funnel for a coffee-making apparatus of the type designed to have water brought to a boil in a closed container, whereupon the water is pressed through an ascension pipe into a funnel, where boiling water extracts aromas and flavour from the ground coffee, whereupon the finished coffee beverage is filtered back into the closed container through a filter placed at the outlet from the funnel, the object is to provide a gasket (1) for the funnel (2) of a coffee-making apparatus of the type mentioned in the introduction, where the gasket is appropriately deformed at differences of pressure greater than a few hundred millimeters of water column with a view to limiting or equalising the difference in pressure. Moreover, the gasket must be easily disassembled with a view to cleaning or replacement, and it must be able to withstand the temperatures and chemical conditions arising during the preparation of coffee.

Abstract: Apparatus for stacking bales of hay into large bundles such as, for example, three bales high and seven bales wide, positions bands about the stacked array to provide a tightly bound, compressed stack of bales. The stacking apparatus compresses the stacked bales during banding with a greater force applied to the same facing portions of the bales as applied during formation of the bales to form a solid, rigid, self-supporting large bundle made up of small bales. Parallel spaced compression zones extending inwardly are formed in the upper and lower rows of bales in the least compressed portion of the bales for receiving the bands which are applied without high tension so as not to damage the hay in holding the bundle of hay bales together.

Abstract: A stencil printer includes a stencil making system which makes a stencil by imagewise perforating a stencil material in a controlled position on the basis of an image signal, a printing system which makes prints by the use of the stencil made by the stencil making system and a control system which controls the stencil making system and the printing system. The control system is provided with a first stencil making position controller adapted to control of the stencil making position when a stencil is to be made on the basis of an internal image signal optically read out from an original, a second stencil making position controller adapted to control of the stencil making position when a stencil is to be made on the basis of an external image signal input through a path different from the path along which the internal image signal is input, and a selector which selectively makes active one of the first and second stencil making position controllers.

Abstract: A cylinder in equipment for making printing plates is provided which allows exposure of a cylinder that is mounted on both sides to be detached at a point of separation on a via side opposite its drive, a journal can be detached. The cylinder is driven by a blocking device capable of being fitted to a screw element which screws the journal to the cylinder and vice versa.

Abstract: A feed assembly is provided which feeds a pressure medium to a cylinder and fixes the cylinder in position, independently of whether or not the pressure medium to be connected is supplied. A feed part can be placed on a feed opening of the cylinder by an actuating element which can be controlled independently of any control of the pressure medium. An outlet of the feed part and the feed opening engage one another and lock the cylinder against rotation.

Abstract: A method of starting up a printing machine after washing a rubber blanket thereof, includes pre-inking the rubber blanket by performing at least one complete revolution of the rubber blanket in contact with the inked printing plate before the start of printing.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a printing system ensuring easy formation of a plate and regeneration of said plate, and a press plate thereof.

Abstract: A paper roll braking device for rotary presses, in which a web is paid off from a paper roll supported between frames, caused to travel, and printed in a printing unit, comprising rotors provided on supporting members for supporting the paper roll, braking sections provided at a plurality of locations along the rotors and having friction discs that can engage with, or disengage from, the rotors at their respective locations, engage/disengage changeover sections for controlling the engage/disengage operation of the friction discs with respect to the rotors, and a tension sensing mechanism for sensing changes in the running tension of the web; a contact pressure adjusting section for adjusting the contact pressure of the friction discs to the rotors via the engage/disengage changeover section in accordance with the changes in running tension detected by the tension sensing mechanism, an outside diameter detecting section for detecting the outside diameter of the paper roll, and an operation control section for

Abstract: A method of adjusting an air guide system having various actuators, in a sheet-fed printing machine, includes the method steps of providing characteristic curves containing conveying parameters which are critical for sheet conveyance, plotted against a printing machine-specific parameter, and which are optimal for sheet-specific parameters; storing the characteristic curves in a memory; feeding the actual sheet-specific and printing machine-specific data of a print job to a CPU; accessing by the CPU the characteristic curve which is optimal for the actual data from the memory; outputting the appropriate commands to the individual actuators; and, if necessary, providing operator intervention; and a device for performing the method.

Abstract: In forming a damascene interconnect made of a copper-containing metal on a barrier metal film made of a tantalum-containing metal, erosion is prevented during chemical mechanical polishing of the copper-containing metal film, by using a polishing slurry comprising at least an alkanolamine represented by general formula (1):

Abstract: Disclosed is a water in oil type emulsion ink used for stencil printing, rarely causing a strike through phenomenon, and being capable of providing an excellent printed images; the emulsion ink comprising an oil phase and a water phase, the lightness of the light transmitted through the oil phase in the range of visible light (380 to 800 nm) being 90.0 or higher in a condition that the oil phase does not include a component of coloring agent, and the ratio by weight of the oil phase to the water phase (oil phase/water phase) being 10 to 70/90 to 30.

Abstract: A stencil printing ink contains a polyamino-amide dispersant and a smectite.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing organic pigment granules with a particle size from 0.5 to 4 mm, which consist of at least 90% by weight of at least one organic pigment with a particle size from 0.

Abstract: The ZnS-series sintered material of the present invention includes ZnS as a main component and niobium oxide. The content of the niobium oxide in the sintered material is preferably in the range from more than 5 to 50% by weight, in terms of Nb2O5. The sintered material can be used as the sputtering target. Since this target has a low resistance, it is possible to deposit a thin film using this target by direct current (DC) sputtering. By employing the DC sputtering, the deposition rate of the thin film can be increased. The resultant thin film is used as a protecting layer for protecting a recording layer in an optical recording medium for recording a signal of a laser beam.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing waste tire gasification in a negative ambient pressure environment includes a gasification unit, a combustion unit, and a connection pipe. The gasification unit includes a gasification chamber, at least one air vent, at least one gasification igniter, and a fan. The combustion unit includes a combustion chamber, and an exhaust pipe. The connection pipe connects the output of the gasification unit with the combustion unit. In operation, tires are placed inside the gasification chamber. The tires are ignited using the gasification igniter. The rapid oxidation of the tires is fed with the air entering the at least one air vent. Combustion gases generated from the oxidizing tires are pulled out of the gasification chamber through a vacuum pipe with the fan. The gases are pushed through the connection pipe in to the combustion chamber. The combustion gases are ignited in the combustion chamber with at least one combustion igniter.

Abstract: A three legged tripod tower is suitable for attaching to a tow rope using fixed or rotating joints and universal joint structures of various sizes and which may be fixed a various locations for the purposes of towing persons engaged in watersports or for towing objects safely. The structure has only three fixing points on a vessel, namely, one on the bow or stern, and one on each side of the beam, with two mounted to pivot in parallel to enable rapid deployment and stowage.

Abstract: A magnetic garnet single crystal film used for a magnetostatic wave device has a Pb content in the range of from more than zero to about 4,000 ppm by weight.

Abstract: In the method of manufacturing an epitaxial silicon wafer, a silicon wafer substrate is hydrogen-annealed to remove impurities and defects. Then, an impurity buried layer is formed in an upper surface of the silicon wafer substrate. The impurity buried layer increases the number of contaminant attractors in the upper surface of the silicon wafer substrate. As a result, during the subsequent formation of a silicon epitaxial layer, the contaminant attractors attract contaminants away from the silicon epitaxial layer.

Abstract: There is provided a method of preparing a compound semiconductor crystal, allowing the compound semiconductor crystal to be doped with carbon in high reproducibility. The method includes the steps of sealing carbon oxide gas of a predetermined partial pressure and compound semiconductor material in a gas-impermeable airtight vessel, increasing the temperature of the vessel to melt the compound semiconductor material sealed in the vessel, and decreasing the temperature of vessel to solidify the melted compound semiconductor material to grow a compound semiconductor crystal containing a predetermined amount of carbon. With this method, a compound semiconductor crystal with a carbon concentration of 0.1×1015 cm−3 to 20×1015 cm−3 is also prepared in high reproducibility.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for evenly applying an atomized adhesive for bonding a die to a leadframe is disclosed. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes a hood in communication with an air supply and a vacuum plenum. The hood and vacuum plenum encompass a semiconductor device component located in a target area during adhesive application so that the adhesive is selectively applied to specific portions of the leadframe or other semiconductor device component and adhesive is not allowed outside the system. A mask or stencil may be employed to further prevent the application of adhesive to undesired areas. An air purge may be employed to direct the adhesive mist toward the component to be coated. In another embodiment, a fine adhesive spray is directed against the surface of the workpiece to be coated, selected areas being masked to prevent coating. Wafers may be coated as well as leadframes.

Abstract: A method is presented for making a polycrystalline thin film (B) by depositing particles emitted from a target (36) on a substrate base (A) to form the film (B) constituted by the target material while concurrently irradiating the depositing particles with an ion beam generated by an ion source (39) at an angle of incidence, in a range of 50 to 60 degrees to a normal (H) to a film surface, and maintaining a film temperature at less than 300 degrees Celsius. This method is effective in producing an excellent alignment of crystal axes of the grains in the film when the film thickness exceeds 200 nm. The target material includes yttrium-stabilized zirconia but other material can also be used. A layer (C) of a superconducting substance formed on top of the polycrystalline thin film (B) produces a superconducting film (22) exhibiting excellent superconducting properties.

Abstract: A cold wall reactor having inner and outer walls defining an annular reactor cell. A susceptor is rotatably mounted in the cell, and received wafers to be treated by gases flowing axially through the cell. The outer wall of the reactor is normally cooled, but is heated by a suitable furnace to provide a hot wall reactor when cleaning of the cell is required.

Abstract: An internal combustion-engined tool including a piston and a combustion chamber (1) for generating power for driving the piston and having a bottom (3) adapted to receive the piston plate (9), an end wall (17) located opposite the bottom (3), a movable wall (14) located between the bottom (3) and the end wall (17) and provided with an opening element (14a), a movable separation wall (18) located between the bottom (3) and the movable wall (14) and provided with a plurality of openings (38), and an arrangement (42, 43) for injecting fuel gas into a space formed between the end wall and the movable wall upon the movable wall (14) and the separation wall (18) being displaceable in a direction of the bottom (3) upon collapsing of the combustion chamber (1).

Abstract: A portable, combustion-engined tool including a collapsible combustion chamber (1) having a movable separation plate (18) for dividing the combustion chamber (1), in an expanded position of the combustion chamber, in a forechamber section (21) and at least one further chamber section (22), a movable combustion chamber wall (14) arranged parallel to the separation plate (18) for limiting, together with the separation plate (18), the forechamber section, an ignition device (52) located in the forechamber section (21), and a collapse control device (19, 20, 33) for controlling movement of the separation plate (18) and the movable wall (14) after the combustion of the gas mixture in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A portable, combustion-engined tool including a combustion chamber (1) in which a fuel gas in combusted upon ignition for building up pressure in the combustion chamber for driving the tool piston (8), an ignition device (20) for igniting the fuel gas in the combustion chamber (1), and gas drain means (43) provided in the combustion chamber (1) for controlling a pressure build-up therein.

Abstract: It is proposed to lessen the weight and improve the mechanical strength of a retainer of a valve open-close mechanism driven by an electromagnetic actuator used in an automotive internal combustion engine. The electromagnetic actuator is mounted in a housing mounted on an internal combustion engine body. A first stem has its tip abutting the valve, which is provided with a retainer and carries a first coil spring. A second stem is provided on the other side of an armature. The second stem has a retainer. Between this retainer and the housing, a second coil spring is mounted. At least one of these parts is made of a metal smaller in specific weight than iron or its alloy. Each retainer has a boss and an arcuate corner portion having a radius of curvature R of 1.0 mm or over between a spring abutting surface and the boss to relieve stress concentration.

Abstract: A method for estimating the end-of-stroke positions of moving members of electromagnetic actuators for the actuation of intake and exhaust valves in internal combustion engines in which an actuator is coupled to a respective intake or exhaust valve and comprises a moving member actuated magnetically in order to control the movement of the valve, a sensor supplying a position signal representative of a current position of this moving member and a first and a second electromagnet disposed on opposite sides of the moving member, wherein this moving member can move between a first end-of-stroke position in which it is disposed in contact with the first electromagnet and a second end-of-stroke position in which it is disposed in contact with the second electromagnet. The method comprises the stages of checking whether the condition of stationary contact of the moving member exists and determining a magnitude correlated with this current position, if the stationary condition is verified.

Abstract: The reciprocating valve actuation and control system includes a poppet valve moveable between a first and second position; a source of pressurized hydraulic fluid; a hydraulic actuator including an actuator piston coupled to the poppet valve and reciprocating between a first and second position responsive to flow of the pressurized hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic actuator; an electrically operated valve controlling flow of the pressurized hydraulic fluid to the actuator; and an engine computer that generates electrical pulses to control the electrically operated valve. The electrically operated valve preferably comprises a three path rotary latched magnetic motor actuating a rotary valve portion having a housing, a rotor, and a stator receiving and supplying hydraulic fluid pressure to the rotor, which alternately directs the hydraulic fluid pressure to the valve cylinder for opening of the valve, or to return to the engine oil sump, for closing the valve.

Abstract: The invention relates to a transmission for adjusting a first rotary member relative to a second rotary member with a drive shaft that is concentric with the first and the second rotary member.

Abstract: An engine starting device for an internal combustion engine, includes an energy storing mechanism including at least one elastic member, an input element engageable with the elastic member and movable into contact with a rotatable engine member of an engine to load the elastic member, an output element that is movable in response to unloading of the elastic member, at least one manual actuator to enable unloading of the elastic member, a locking mechanism engageable with the energy storing mechanism to prevent the elastic member from unloading from a loaded state, a sliding member, a cam member mounted to the sliding member, a pivot link pivotably mounted to the sliding member, and a key device coupled to the pivot link. In operation, rotation of the key device in a locking direction causes the pivot link to move the sliding member, thereby causing the cam member to engage the locking mechanism when the locking mechanism is positioned in engagement with the energy storing mechanism.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes an engine housing, a crankshaft supported within the engine housing for rotation with respect to the engine housing, and a flywheel fixedly mounted to the crankshaft and rotatable with the crankshaft in a starting direction to start the engine. A coil spring has an outer end fixedly interconnected with respect to the engine housing, and an inner end. A unidirectional clutch has a portion connected to the inner end of the spring. The unidirectional clutch is characterized by an interference condition in which the unidirectional clutch couples the inner end of the spring to the flywheel such that the flywheel and crankshaft may be rotated in the starting direction in response to unloading of the spring. The unidirectional clutch is also characterized by a non-interference condition in which the inner end of the spring is uncoupled from the flywheel.

Abstract: The invention relates to an internal-combustion engine, in particular for motorcycles, with a crankshaft (24) which is arranged in a crankcase (10, 14) and which is connected by way of connecting rods (20, 22) to pistons arranged so as to be movable in cylinders (16, 18), with an oil sump (12) which is situated below the crankcase (10) and from which the lubricating oil is conveyed to the consumer devices by way of an oil pump (60), and with means for returning the lubricating oil from the consumer devices to the oil sump (12). It is proposed that, in order to separate the oil taken up in particular by the crankshaft (24), a part of the crankcase (10) adjacent to the crankshaft (24) has a wall portion (26a to d) which extends parallel to the axis of rotation of the crankshaft (24) and the outline of which is adapted to the enveloping curves of the crankshaft webs (27, 28) and/or the connecting rods (20, 22).

Abstract: A compression self-ignition gasoline engine includes a stratifying device stratifying gas in a combustion chamber of the engine, a fuel injector directly injecting fuel in the combustion chamber and a controller connected to the stratifying device and the fuel injector. The controller controlling the stratifying device to produce a high temperature gas layer of a high temperature gas and a low temperature gas layer of a low temperature gas in the combustion chamber. The controller further controls the fuel injector to inject the fuel to both the high temperature gas layer and the low temperature gas layer.

Abstract: In an injection pressure control method of a GDI engine, an engine torque and an engine rpm are detected, then an initial stratified mode fuel pressure value is set according to the detected engine torque and engine rpm. Next, a weighting factor is calculated according to a variation rate in effective pressure of a combustion chamber of the engine, and a corrected stratified mode fuel pressure value is established by multiplying the wighting factor to the initial stratified mode fuel pressure value. Then, the corrected stratified mode fuel pressure value is compared with a current fuel pressure value, then a final fuel pressure value is obtained according to the comparision result.

Abstract: A multiple intake valve engine has a first intake port (1) and second intake port (2). The first intake port (1) has an outlet (7), and the second intake port (2) has an outlet (8). The first intake port (1) is provided upstream of the second intake port (2) with respect to a swirl (S) generated in a respective cylinder (3) of the engine. A near-outlet part (16) of the first intake port (1) is directed toward an area (A) between the second intake port outlet (8) and a cylinder inner wall (12a) located on the upstream side of this outlet (8) in the direction of the axis (Cp) of the second intake port (2). A powerful swirl (S) is generated under all circumstances, and the swirl (S) is strengthened without sacrificing an amount of intake air.

Abstract: An exhaust pressure control system for a diesel engine includes a device for adjusting exhaust pressure of gas exhausted from an exhaust manifold, and an engine control unit for controlling the device according to an engine operation state. The device includes a rotational valve for opening and closing the exhaust pipe , a motor for rotating the rotational valve according to a signal from the engine control unit, and an encoder for detecting an opening state of the exhaust pipe and transmitting a corresponding signal to the engine control unit.

Abstract: A system and method of optimally controlling ignition timings in an engine conditioned in first and second modes of intake control. A control unit includes an unthrottled operation control conducting the first mode by varying a closing timing of an intake valve and fixing a throttle position of a throttle valve, a throttled operation control conducting the second mode by varying the throttle position of the throttle valve and fixing the closing timing of the intake valve, and an ignition timing control determining different ignition timings to be used in the first and second modes.

Abstract: An engine control method for an automotive vehicle includes the steps of gathering and analyzing vehicle condition parameters from a vehicle condition detecting means, determining whether a signal from a TCU is a shift signal or not, converting a throttle opening versus vehicle speed shift line into a engine torque versus vehicle speed shift line, and if the signal from the TCU is a shift signal, determining if a present acceleration pedal displacement value relative to the engine torque is less than a predetermined value, and synchronizing the engine torque to a predetermined value if the acceleration pedal displacement value indicates the engine torque is less than the predetermined value.

Abstract: The fuel supply unit has a pot-shaped reservoir (12) arranged in a fuel tank (10), in which a fuel feed device (18) is arranged. The fuel feed device (18) feeds fuel from the fuel tank (10) to the internal combustion engine. The fuel supplied by the fuel feed unit (18) feeds fuel through a fuel filter (24). The hydraulic connection of the filter (24) with the fuel feed device (18) is made by means of a distributor plate (36). A tubular projecting portion (32) is formed on an outer wall section (14) of the reservoir (12) in one piece with the outer wall section. The tubular projecting portion (32) is open on its top side and at least partially forms a housing for the filter (24) and a filter element (34) is inserted in it. The distributor plate (36) forms a covering element for the housing (32) since it is tightly connected with the top side of the housing (32).