Abstract: A commode-urinal is provided with a cleaning-water path connected with water-supplying facilities; the commode-urinal is provided with a draining-off path connected with a sewer-path. The commode-urinal is used together with commode-excrement container as a set thereby the commode can process urine and excrement by different methods. When it is used to process urine, it can effectively solve the existing problems of using water unreasonably and wasting water due to unscientifical processing methods.

Abstract: A mounting bracket is provided for coupling a fracture frame to a patient-support apparatus.

Abstract: A support pillow for assisting to position a person on their side. The support pillow has a cylindrical foam core and a foam exterior portion wrapped around the circumference of the core. The exterior portion has a plurality of projections extending radially from a longitudinal axis of the support pillow, each projection having a height selected in the range of 3.5 to 8 inches. The core has a higher density and a higher firmness than the exterior portion. The pillow can be coated with a layer of vinyl. The pillow can be part of a support pillow assembly also having a fabric cover, the cover being laminated with a polyurethane film and covering a semi-cylindrical portion of the pillow. Alternative embodiments used to support the lower leg extremities of a person are also presented.

Abstract: The oxidation dye precursor-containing composition for oxidative dyeing of hair, includes from 0.

Abstract: A process for dyeing fibrous substrates which comprises the steps of: providing a fibrous substrate; providing at least one sulfur dye; providing at least one reduction stable direct dye; and applying said reduction stable direct dye and sulfur dye to said fibrous substrate in the presence of a suitable reducing agent. Further, it has been surprising to find that these reduction stable direct dyes can be processed without a sulfur dye present. This results in a process for dyeing fibrous substrates which comprises the steps of: providing a fibrous substrate; providing a reduction stable direct dye; and applying said reduction stable direct dye to said fibrous substrate in the presence of a suitable reducing agent.

Abstract: A workbench including provisions for cleaning of an object. The workbench includes an enclosure and a shelf that is slidable into and out of the enclosure. The shelf can support an object within the enclosure. A manifold and nozzles within the enclosure direct cleaning liquid or compressed gas at the object so as to clean it and collect the material removed from the object within the enclosure. The workbench includes a top suitable for dimensional gaging and inspection of the object.

Abstract: A burnisher of a relatively small size and light weight is provided. Such a burnisher is easier to transport between buildings and sites within a building, is more conveniently stored in small closets and is more maneuverable in congested and tight areas, such as retail aisles or healthcare facility rooms.

Abstract: An infant toothbrush is described that comprises a generally cylindrical handle member and a brush head. The handle member is in the form of a baby bottle having an upper end and lower end. The brush head is releaseably securable to the upper end of the baby bottle. The brush head is comprised of a generally conical central body having a lower generally cylindrical base and an upper reduced diameter neck portion ending in a generally rounded tip. The rounded tip has a plurality of protrusions positioned thereon. The cylindrical base of the brush head is releaseably securable to the baby bottle.

Abstract: A portable surface cleaning apparatus having a floor-traveling base module and an upright handle pivotally mounted to the base module, a liquid dispensing system including a dispensing nozzle associated with the base module and fluidly connected to a fluid supply chamber, a fluid recovery system including a suction nozzle associated with the base module and fluidly connected to a vacuum source and a recovery chamber, a window in the base module, and an illumination source behind the window for illuminating an area underneath and in front of the base module.

Abstract: An electric cleaning device circulates exhaust air from an electric blower to a floor intake tool. The exhaust air passes through an exhaust guide, formed as one element, in a main cleaning device unit from the electric blower through a hose to the floor intake tool. The exhaust guide is a resilient unitary resin part with sufficient resilience to permit compression for installation. The springback of the exhaust guide seals the exhaust path against leakage.

Abstract: A pump has a housing defining a pump chamber and having a shaft opening. An impeller shaft extends through the shaft opening and is sized to define a gap between the impeller shaft and the shaft opening. An impeller is attached to the shaft inside the pump chamber. The impeller includes a first set of impeller blades for transporting fluid through the pump chamber and a second set of impeller blades for creating a pressure force which pushes fluid away from the shaft opening. The pump with sealless shaft prevents fluid from leaking through the gap, and therefore is particularly suited for use in a tank-type vacuum cleaner capable of collecting both dry material and fluid. The gap is used in such an application to prime the pump, thereby discharging fluid collected in the tank.

Abstract: An air-permeable transport belt, drivable by a drive roller, is provided for transporting a fiber strand to be condensed over a sliding surface of a spinning machine condensing zone which includes a suction slit. The transport belt has at least one area arranged to contact the drive roller, which area differs in relation to its surface structure from an area arranged to contact the sliding surface and from an area arranged to contact the fiber strand.

Abstract: A yarn texturing machine for texturing and winding a yarn, wherein the feed system withdraws the yarn from a texturing device and advances it to a takeup device. Between the feed system and the takeup system, a yarn accumulation or free space is provided for the purpose of receiving the yarn that has slackened during a package doff due to an overfeed. To withdraw the yarn reliably from the feed system, a conveying nozzle is positioned between the feed system and the free space, and the conveying nozzle includes at least one nozzle bore that is directed in the direction of the advancing yarn, so that an air stream directed through the bore toward the yarn generates a tension on the yarn in the direction of its advance. Subsequently, the yarn is blown into the free space.

Abstract: In a process and an apparatus for fabricating a solid electrolytic capacitor comprising a capacitor element including an anode member provided with a chemical conversion coating and an electrically conductive polymer serving as a cathode electrolyte and impregnating the capacitor element, an agitating station 7 is provided between a mixing station 5 and an impregnating station 6 to have a mixture of a monomer and an oxidizer agitated immediately before the step of impregnating the capacitor element with the mixture to render the mixture uniform. The mixture can be agitated, for example, by an air injection nozzle disposed at the agitating station 7 for injecting compressed air into the mixture. This affords solid electrolytic capacitors with diminished variations in electrical characteristics.

Abstract: The stud replacement kit of the present invention operates by supplying force to the inside portion of a damaged stud and pushing that stud forward and out of the wheel. The kit of the present invention comprises a pressure tool that supplies force to a stud. This pressure tool fit around the wheel and damaged stud; and a spacer that fit between the front of the wheel and the pressure tool. This spacer serves primarily to catch the stud once removed. In operation, the broken or damaged stud is removed by placing the placing the pressure tool and spacer around the stud to be replaced. A stud screw mechanism in the pressure tool is rotated to cause the tool to apply force to the stud primarily on the backside of the wheel. This force is increased until it overcomes the force that holds the stud in the wheel. At this point, the force of the pressure tool on the stud causes the stud to move in the desired direction for removal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for repairing a casting in a cold metal repair process includes a plurality of drilling fixtures which facilitate the creation of one or more lock receiving recesses positioned generally transverse to the casting crack. The lock receiving recesses are formed of a single sized circular bore combination having alternating double and single circular portions to maximize strength. A plurality of correspondingly configured metal locks are inserted into the lock receiving recesses to provide transverse metal locks drawing the casting portions on each side of the crack together. A plurality of threaded bores are formed along the remainder of the casting crack in overlapping spacing which receive a corresponding plurality of stitching pins. The stitching pins each define threaded shaft portions having pointed ends and undersized major pitch diameter threads adjacent the pointed ends.

Abstract: Processes and apparatuses for partly disassembling tape cassettes having at least one closure flap comprise separating the closure flap from the cassette or from the cassette housing at an early time, before, during or shortly after the opening of the cassette. Several process methods and examples of apparatus are specified. The separating methods and apparatuses can be expediently used for all tape cassettes with one or more closure flaps, it being possible for these to be any type of audio, video and data cassettes.

Abstract: A bolt retaining device for a nutrunner which includes a socket having a longitudinal axis and being sized to fit the bolt, the device having an electromagnet positioned with respect to the socket to generate a magnetic field directed along the axis of the socket to hold the bolt in the socket when the field is present, and a controller connected to the electromagnet controlling the magnetic field. The bolt retaining device wherein the electromagnet is a coil co-axially mounted with respect to the socket. Each nutrunner can include a motor, a socket, and a shaft connecting the motor to the socket. One or more nutrunners can be provided on a movable frame.

Abstract: A pressure detecting apparatus is composed of a first case insert-molded with connector pins, and a second case made of metal. The first case and the second case are assembled together to form a pressure detection chamber hermetically sealed with an O-shaped ring sandwiched between seal surfaces of the two cases. The first case is formed by using a molding die that has a gate for injecting resin approximately in parallel with a seal correspondence surface for forming the seal surface of the first case.

Abstract: A method for cleansing the phosphor screen of a display device comprising the removal of oxygen or sulfur from the surface of the phosphor, and/or its associated binder material, to a depth that prevents oxygen diffusion from the phosphor and/or binder, thereby creating an oxygen deficient surface on the phosphors.

Abstract: A substrate, preferably constructed of a ductile material and a tool having the desired shape of the resulting device for contacting contact pads on a test device is brought into contact with the substrate. The tool is preferably constructed of a material that is harder than the substrate so that a depression can be readily made therein. A dielectric (insulative) layer, that is preferably patterned, is supported by the substrate. A conductive material is located within the depressions and then preferably lapped to remove excess from the top surface of the dielectric layer and to provide a flat overall surface. A trace is patterned on the dielectric layer and the conductive material. A polyimide layer is then preferably patterned over the entire surface. The substrate is then removed by any suitable process.

Abstract: The method of making the magnetic resistance element comprises the steps of: forming a first magnetizable layer, a non-magnetizable layer and a second magnetizable layer, in this order, on an insulating layer; providing a resist layer for forming a main part of the magnetic resistance element on the second magnetizable layer; etching side faces of the first magnetizable layer, the non-magnetizable layer and the second magnetizable layer to form into slope faces by ion milling from the second magnetizable layer side; forming terminals on the slope faces; and removing the resist layer, wherein a part of the first megnetizable layer which is located outside of the slope faces is left on the insulating layer when the side faces of the first magnetizable layer, the non-magnetizable layer and the second magnetizable layer are etched by ion milling.

Abstract: A spin valve thin-film magnetic device is provided, in which the asymmetry can be reduced. The spin valve thin-film magnetic device comprises a free magnetic layer and a first and a second fixed magnetic layer, which are provided respectively at each side of the free magnetic layer in the thickness direction thereof. In the spin valve thin-film magnetic device, the free magnetic layer is composed of a first and a second ferromagnetic free layer, in which the entire free magnetic layer is in a ferrimagnetic state, the first fixed magnetic layer is composed of a first and a second pinned ferromagnetic layer, in which the entire first fixed magnetic layer is in a ferrimagnetic state, and the second fixed magnetic layer is composed of a third and a fourth pinned ferromagnetic layer, in which the entire second fixed magnetic layer is in a ferrimagnetic state.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing a honeycomb body from a stack having a plurality of at least partially structured sheet metal layers forming a plurality of channels through which a fluid can pass, including a mould having an internal shape substantially corresponding to an external shape of a honeycomb body to be produced, a wrapping device for holding a stack at least partially structured sheet metal layers at a central region thereof, the wrapping device being pivotally disposed about an axis for wrapping the stack, and a holding device having positioning elements at least partially insertable into channels formed in the central region of the stack for maintaining a structural configuration in the central region of the stack during a wrapping of the stack.

Abstract: A battery replacement system and method for electronic devices which does not require a back-up battery or storage capacitor. A battery is placed within a tunnel formed in the electronic device. The tunnel has an input opening and an output opening. During use, the battery resides within the tunnel where it makes electrical contact with the power terminals of the device. When the battery is exhausted and needs to be replaced, a new battery is introduced into the tunnel via the input opening. As the new battery enters the tunnel, it makes electrical contact with the power terminals, while at the same time serving to push the exhausted battery out the output opening of the tunnel. The tunnel is configured such that the new battery makes electrical contact with the power terminals before the exhausted battery loses contact with the terminals. In this way, there is no interruption in power being supplied to the electronic device.

Abstract: A method provides for additive platinum on a subcomposite having filled plated through holes. Fine-line circuitry is achieved via electroless deposition onto a dielectric substrate after the through hole is plated and filled. Fine-line circuitry may be routed over landless, plated through holes thereby increasing the aspect ratio and the available surface area for additional components and wiring.

Abstract: In a method for fabricating a wire harness with branch terminals, a flexible flat cable (FFC) (11) is first prepared by arranging multiple conductive strips (12) in parallel to each other at a predetermined interval, and by laminating a pair of base films (13) with the conductive strips between them. Then, a row of slots (14A) are formed between any two adjacent conductive strips at a predetermined distance from an end of the FFC, thereby defining a connection area (A) between the end of the FFC and the row of slots. Then, multiple connection terminals (16), each having a contact (17) and a plurality of projections (19), are fixed to the connection area of the FFC by causing the projections of each connection terminal to pierce through one of the conductive strips. Finally, slits (14B) are formed from the end of the FFC so that the slits extend between any two adjacent conductive strips and communicate with the associated slots.

Abstract: A blade block of a hair cutter including a fixed blade, a movable blade reciprocating with respect to the fixed blade, and a blade base to which the fixed blade and the movable blade are attached. The fixed blade and the movable blade are assembled with a reciprocating guide unit into a blade unit. The reciprocating guide unit guides the movable blade to reciprocate with respect to the fixed blade. The blade block include an insertion opening. A mounting unit is provided to mount the blade unit to the blade base by inserting the blade unit into the insertion opening so that a cutting edge is exposed to the outside of the blade block.

Abstract: A measuring apparatus is provided, in which a machined part is measured very simply and rapidly without affecting the effect unique to a machining center and the correction work with the measuring work can be immediately performed. The apparatus comprises a base mounted removably on a spindle of a machining center A, a slider provided in the axial center of the base in such a manner as to be slidable by operation of an operating unit exposed outside of the base, probes adapted to slide into and out at equidistant positions on the outer peripheral surface at the forward end of the base and adapted to protrude through an appropriate interlocking mechanism when the slider slides in one direction, and a display unit arranged outside of the base for detecting, through a detector, the size of the portion of the probe protruded with the sliding of the slider and displaying the measurement of the detector, wherein the machined part is measured immediately after machining.

Abstract: Apparatus for measuring vehicle wheel alignment comprising a yoke having a pair of aligned center pins engageable with a transverse axis in the vehicle; a collimated beam projector connectable to the yoke and adapted to project its beam at right angles to the axis of the center pins, and longitudinally of the vehicle with reference to the transverse axis and a target for the beam so attachable to a wheel of the vehicle that alignment of the wheel can be measured. In one embodiment the target is a mirror and the projector is provided with a transverse scale for measuring the reflected beam. In the other embodiment the target comprises a set of scales hung or clamped to the wheel.

Abstract: A lens eccentricity adjusting device includes a circular opening formed on a lens frame, a lens being fitted into the circular opening; at least three flat countersunk head screws each screwed into the lens frame, the flat countersunk head screws including a male thread portion that is screwed into the lens frame and a head portion having a tapered surface; and at least one elastic member positioned between the flat countersunk head screws and the rim of the lens. The eccentricity is adjusted by deforming at least one elastic member via pressure of the tapered surface of a corresponding flat countersunk head screw on the rim of the lens, in accordance with an amount the corresponding flat countersunk head screw is screwed into the lens frame, so that the lens is moved in the circular opening in a radial direction.

Abstract: A ride height gauge comprising a frame and an indicating mechanism. The frame preferably includes an upright and a generally horizontal base attached to the upright to form a right angle joint. The indicating mechanism preferably includes an arm, an arm mount, and an indicator device. The arm is attached to the arm mount, and the arm mount is slidably attached to the upright. The arm has a vertical position along the upright. The indicator device quantifies the vertical position of said arm. The indicator device may either be an analog device or a digital device. A method for using the ride height gauge to measure the ride height of an automobile chassis includes the steps of positioning the gauge directly under a corner of the chassis, sliding the arm upward until the arm contacts the chassis, and reading the quantified vertical position of the arm from the indicator device.

Abstract: This invention relates to a vacuum processing apparatus having vacuum processing chambers the insides of which must be dry cleaned, and to a method of operating such an apparatus. When the vacuum processing chambers are dry-cleaned, dummy substrates are transferred into the vacuum processing chamber by substrates conveyor means from dummy substrate storage means which is disposed in the air atmosphere together with storage means for storing substrates to be processed, and the inside of the vacuum processing chamber is dry-cleaned by generating a plasma. The dummy substrate is returned to the dummy substrate storage means after dry cleaning is completed Accordingly, any specific mechanism for only the cleaning purpose is not necessary and the construction of the apparatus can be made simple.

Abstract: This invention relates to a vacuum processing apparatus having vacuum processing chambers the insides of which must be dry cleaned, and to a method of operating such an apparatus. When the vacuum processing chambers are dry-cleaned, dummy substrates are transferred into the vacuum processing chamber by substrates conveyor means from dummy substrate storage means which is disposed in the air atmosphere together with storage means for storing substrates to be processed, and the inside of the vacuum processing chamber is dry-cleaned by generating a plasma. The dummy substrate is returned to the dummy substrate storage means after dry cleaning is completed. Accordingly, any specific mechanism for only the cleaning purpose is not necessary and the construction of the apparatus can be made simple.

Abstract: This invention relates to a vacuum processing apparatus having vacuum processing chambers the insides of which must be dry cleaned, and to a method of operating such an apparatus. When the vacuum processing chambers are dry-cleaned, dummy substrates are transferred into the vacuum processing chamber by substrates conveyor means from dummy substrate storage means which is disposed in the air atmosphere together with storage means for storing substrates to be processed, and the inside of the vacuum processing chamber is dry-cleaned by generating a plasma. The dummy substrate is returned to the dummy substrate storage means after dry cleaning is completed. Accordingly, any specific mechanism for only the cleaning purpose is not necessary and the construction of the apparatus can be made simple.

Abstract: This invention relates to a vacuum processing apparatus having vacuum processing chambers the insides of which must be dry cleaned, and to a method of operating such an apparatus. When the vacuum processing chambers are dry-cleaned, dummy substrates are transferred into the vacuum processing chamber by substrates conveyor means from dummy substrate storage means which is disposed in the air atmosphere together with storage means for storing substrates to be processed, and the inside of the vacuum processing chamber is dry-cleaned by generating a plasma. The dummy substrate is returned to the dummy substrate storage means after dry cleaning is completed. Accordingly, any specific mechanism for only the cleaning purpose is not necessary and the construction of the apparatus can be made simple.

Abstract: A right of way grader that is attached to a Kershaw ballast regulator wing. The grader will be attached to the wing so that it can be moved toward and away from the wing, and in addition, it can be moved up and down and can be rotated from side to side. The grader will allow the device to extend its reach to an area outside the normal ballast area of a railroad track and to clear away brush and small trees which might impinge upon the ballast area. The grader reclaims ballast, drainage, and creates an improved walkway, thus providing a safe working area.

Abstract: A power transmission system for a working machine, wherein drive power is transmitted from an engine to a work-tool holding drive shaft via a reduction mechanism is provided. The reduction mechanism includes an input shaft having a first gear, and an output shaft having a second gear. The second gear has a gear portion and a cylindrical boss segment press fitted thereto, forming a torque limiter. As a result, the reduction mechanism, which has the torque limiter, has a simplified structure, enabling easy assemblage.

Abstract: A walking-type snow removal machine comprises a snow removing member provided at a front part of a body frame for pushing snow forward, and crawler belts provided on right and left sides of the body frame. The body frame carries thereon an electric motor and a battery. The electric motor drives right and left drive wheels to drive the crawler belts. The electric motor generates little noise as compared with an engine, and contributes to downsizing of the snow removal machine. The battery supplies electrical power to the electric motor.

Abstract: An apparatus for grouping electronic price labels (EPLs) to form an electronic sign. The apparatus primarily includes a frame member which defines a plurality of bays arranged in a single line for containing the EPLs. The apparatus additionally includes a product description sheet mounted to the frame member including apertures for exposing displays within the EPLs. Optionally included are a product description sheet holder which mounts to the frame member for retaining the product description sheet against the frame member and a base for supporting the frame member on a flat surface. A method of grouping EPLs includes the steps of providing a frame member defining a plurality of bays arranged in a line for containing the EPLs, retaining the EPLs within the bays, placing a product description sheet adjacent to the frame member, and orienting apertures in the product description sheet to expose displays within the EPLs.

Abstract: An apparatus for grouping electronic price labels (EPLs) which facilitates installation of electronic price labels in signs and promotional displays rather than standard shelf edges. The apparatus primarily includes a frame member for mounting the EPLs including a plurality of bays arranged in a plurality of rows and columns. The apparatus additionally includes a product description sheet mounted to the frame member including apertures for exposing displays within the EPLs. Optionally included are a product description sheet holder which mounts to the frame member for retaining the product description sheet against the front surface and a base for supporting the frame member on a flat surface.

Abstract: A floral sleeve having an upper portion, a lower portion and a medial portion. The floral sleeve can be placed about a plant container such as a potted plant such that the lower portion contains the pot, and the upper portion surrounds the plant. When desired, the upper portion and lower portion can be detached, leaving the medial portion which can be attached to the pot forming a skirt extending from the upper end thereof.

Abstract: A gutter enhancing device having a slot for a decorative insert. A gutter without a slot for a decorative insert onto which a decorative strip can be attached with an adhesive, or by another method, such as, for example, ultrasonic welding. A gutter endcap that can cover a gutter end and provide esthetic continuity with gutter façade.

Abstract: A prefabricated foundation panel for being supported on a footing to support the perimeter floor sill of a mobile home is disclosed. The panel has a generally rectangularly shaped frame including generally elongate, parallel and spaced, metallic top and bottom members as well as a plurality of spaced metallic cross members which are rigidly affixed to the top and bottom members. The outermost cross members of the frame are positioned so that they are flush with the ends of the top and bottom members. The top, bottom and cross members collectively define a plurality of spaces extending through the frame from an outer side thereof to an inner side thereof. A decorative aggregate coated facing is also provided for the panel which is attached to the outer side of the frame and which covers the plurality of spaces. A method of installing the panels around the lower periphery of a mobile home to enclose the lower periphery is also disclosed.

Abstract: A horizontal joint between upper and lower building panels, as well as a building wall including such a horizontal joint, in which a liquid diverting arrangement includes a gutter with first and second ends and at least one aperture disposed between these ends. Also contemplated are a method and apparatus for forming at least two building panels, in which the panels have different reveal dimensions, and a method and apparatus for forming a building panel in which a first reveal portion is registered while a second reveal portion has been formed at a preselected distance therefrom. Further contemplated are a method and kit for customizably assembling a building wall, in which panels having different thickness dimensions can be interchangeably connected with one another, as well as a method and kit for customizably assembling a building wall, in which on or more decorative profile panels and one or more structural building wall panels can be interchangeably connected with one another.

Abstract: The specification describes a wall base which is preferably provided by an elongate strip of carpeting with a pair of spaced-apart strips of double-sided adhesive tape on the back of the strip of carpeting covered by a release liner. For a 3 to 6 inch wide carpet strip, the strips of adhesive tape are preferably spaced apart by a distance of from about ¼ inch to about 2 inches, one being positioned close by adjacent the top edge of the carpet strip and the other spaced from the bottom edge.

Abstract: A support base for distributing a concentrated load over a contact surface is disclosed. The support base includes a body formed of moldable polymeric material having a top surface and a generally planar bottom surface. At least one recess is integrally formed in the top surface for receiving a support member. The support member transfers the concentrated load to the planar body. Furthermore, at least one through bore is provided in the support base, and the through bore extends from the top surface to the bottom surface of the support base for receiving a fastener. The through bore has a shaft portion and a relatively oversized cavity portion adjacent to the bottom surface for receiving fasteners such as nuts for securing bolts, as well as, bolt heads of different sizes and configurations. The support base has many advantages over the prior are for example, the base may be attached to different interface bracketry without be modified.

Abstract: The modular wall includes a sheet pile wall 12 with support brackets 20 that provide cantilever support to a facade of interlocking rows of blocks 30-34. The support member 20 includes vertical members that extend from the top of the sheet piling part way down the length of the sheet piling. Base members 24 extend from the vertical members and are supported by angled braces 22. Horizontally extending key members rest on the base members and are affixed thereto. The key members provide a key for connecting to a slot of a first row of modular blocks. The modular blocks are stabilized by geogrid 28 that is captured in the key and slot interconnection of the modular blocks and is affixed to the sheet piling 12 or embedded in concrete fill.

Abstract: A motor-driven and controlled packaging machine for forming pouches from a web of material. The controls allow the machine to be run with either a continuously or intermittently advancing web. Seal bars are mounted on moveable carriages which move with the web as they form the seals. A web unwind is servo controlled to minimize the amount of festoon section needed when operating in intermittent mode. Each registration-related component of the machine has a dedicated sensor for independently registering each component with the web. Accordingly, the machine may regain registration with minimal web waste and can be quickly and easily repositioned for different pouch sizes.

Abstract: A packaging machine for forming pouches from a web of material having web tension control. A second pair of infeed rolls allows web tension through a sealing section to be controlled. An unwind reel is power-driven according to downstream web demand to thereby minimize tension spikes through the infeed section. The power unwind further minimizes the amount of festoon area needed. An entire packaging machine may be provided using modules. The registration-related operations of each section are independently controlled so that each module need only coordinate input and/or output speeds with interfacing sections.