Abstract: To prevent lightning from destroying equipment in a housing structure, a shield structure is built within the housing structure for enclosing electrical conductors that may allow surge currents to be routed into the housing structure. The shielding structure is constructed of ferrous or non-ferrous metal and preferably of the same material as that of the ground plane of the housing structure to which the electrical conductors are mounted. A terminal cover strip for enhancing efficient grounding is also disclosed.

Abstract: A wire cable duct comprises a grid made up of wires of two different types, namely longitudinal wires which run longitudinally the entire length of the duct and U-shaped transverse wires disposed transversely to the longitudinal wires, from place to place along their length and appropriately attached thereto. The resulting trough-like combination forms three panels, namely a bottom panel and two side panels. The side panels comprise a longitudinal row of successive plane and substantially rectangular edge meshes which constitute upper parts of the side panels, each of which is defined between two facing flange portions of two consecutive transverse wires, and each of which includes at least one anti-flexing member to limit its flexing about an axis perpendicular to its plane.

Abstract: In a battery case mounted on electronic equipment, the thickness of the battery case is reduced as obtaining the holding force of batteries with respect to vibration and impact by use of a case main body with a simple structure and a case cover.

Abstract: An electrical enclosure having an improved sealing and shielding component and a method of manufacturing such an enclosure is provided. In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, a wire mesh is positioned against the surface of the enclosure. While the wire mesh is being positioned against the enclosure surface, a foam is formed on the enclosure surface adjacent the wire mesh. The foam generally adheres to the enclosure surface and holds the wire mesh in place. In accordance with one aspect of the invention, the foam has a height equal to or greater than the height of the wire mesh. The improved sealing and shielding components can, for example, improve the sealing and shielding of the electrical enclosure as compared to conventional electrical enclosures. The present electrical enclosure may, for example, also reduce the cost of manufacturing electrical enclosures.

Abstract: A three piece housing, designed to house semiconductor chips is molded using a polymer material. The chip sits on a metal base. Electrical leads pass through a molded housing to provide electrical contact between the semiconductor chip and external circuitry.

Abstract: A chip carrier package that includes a cover plate attached to the stiffener by a reflowable bonding material is disclosed. Additionally, a thermally and electrically conductive bonding material between the cover plate and the chip itself may be included. Also a chip package including an alignment device to aid in properly aligning the cover plate on the stiffener is disclosed. Furthermore, a method of packaging a chip including providing a reflowable material between the cover plate and stiffener body for attaching the cover plate to the stiffener, and simultaneously attaching the cover plate to the stiffener with an attaching of the carrier to an electronic circuit board is disclosed.

Abstract: A chip carrier package that includes a cover plate attached to the stiffener by a reflowable bonding material is disclosed. Additionally, a thermally and electrically conductive bonding material between the cover plate and the chip itself may be included. Also a chip package including an alignment device to aid in properly aligning the cover plate on the stiffener is disclosed. Furthermore, a method of packaging a chip including providing a reflowable material between the cover plate and stiffener body for attaching the cover plate to the stiffener, and simultaneously attaching the cover plate to the stiffener with an attaching of the carrier to an electronic circuit board is disclosed.

Abstract: A cable, in particular a cable for electric power transmission or distribution, having an inner layer comprising a self-repairing material with a predetermined cohesiveness and a controlled flowability, so as to re-establish, upon creation of a discontinuity in at least one of the cable coating layers, the continuity in the coating. The discontinuity in the coating can be caused by mechanical abuses of various types, for example accidental impact with cutting tools. Infiltration of moisture and generation of leakage currents, leading to a rapid corrosion of the conductor, are in this way avoided.

Abstract: An inexpensive device for bus coupling between enclosed switchboards with an insulating gas sealed therein has a simple structure and requires a shorter time for installation. The bore shape of a connection port for a coupling bus in a T-shaped bushing is a conical shape having a diameter that increases outwardly. The coupling bus is covered with an insulating rubber member, and a conductive layer is provided on an outer peripheral surface of the insulating rubber member, and grounded. Both ends of the coupling bus that are inserted into the connection ports are formed to have shapes that fit to the conical connection ports.

Abstract: Methods of manufacturing and assembling a composite insulator are provided. At least one metal end fitting is provided having a sleeve portion which defines a bore with a first diameter, d1. An insulator subassembly is then formed. The insulator subassembly includes a rod of electrically insulating plastic material and an insulator sheath covering at least a portion of the outer surface of the rod. An end portion of the sheath has a deformable circumferential ridge formed on the outer surface thereof. This circumferential ridge has a second diameter, d2, which is greater than the first diameter, d1. The insulator subassembly is then inserted into the bore of the metal end fitting with a spacer member interposed between the metal end fitting and at least the circumferential ridge. The spacer member serves to deform the ridge to define a temporary vent for allowing air within the bore to escape.

Abstract: A circuit board has an insulation board and strip bus bars arranged on the opposite faces of the board. On one face, the bus bars extend in parallel in a first direction. On the second face, the bus bars extend in parallel in a second direction crossing the bars extending in said first direction, so that there is an array of crossing points of the bus bars. The insulation board has holes at which the mutually crossing bus bars are bent towards each other and joined to establish electrical connection. In this way, a predetermined wiring pattern is obtained, which can be varied easily.

Abstract: An interconnect for connecting two printed circuit boards (30, 32) directly together and a method for achieving same. A through hole (70) is formed in a first printed circuit board (30), which is surrounded by a conductive layer (62). A conductive layer (82) is also deposited on a second printed circuit board (32) opposite the through hole (70). The conductive layers (62, 82) allow for the conduction of electrical signals between and about the two printed circuit boards (30, 32). In the preferred embodiment, the conductive layer (62, 82) is copper metalization and the through hole (70) is plated with copper. A solder joint (58) is applied to fill the through hole (70) and establish electrical connection between the conductive layers (62, 82) on the two printed circuit boards (30, 32). Electrical connection is established by applying the solder joint (58) to and between the conductive layers (62, 82) on both boards (30, 32).

Abstract: The invention is concerned with a multi-layer circuit board for mounting an electronic part such as a semiconductor chip having as many pins as 40×40 pins arranged as an array on the side of the mounting surface or a semiconductor device having lands arranged like an array on the side of the mounting surface. The invention provides a multi-layer circuit board which makes it possible to mount an electronic part such as a semiconductor chip or a semiconductor device despite of a decreased number of circuit boards that are laminated one upon the other, which features improved yield of production, and which can be used as a highly reliable product.

Abstract: A rotary displacement piling equipment for boring a hole within the soil comprising:

Abstract: A blast hole drill comprising a mast including two parallel mast cords, a carriage, and a rotary head mounted on the carriage and adapted to engage a drill pipe. The rotary head includes a drive pinion on a rack on one of the mast cords, and the drive pinion is on one side of at least one of the mast cords. A backup wheel assembly is on the opposite side of the respective mast cord opposite the pinion and includes a wheel holding assembly support rotatably supporting a backup wheel, a yoke having an opening through the yoke, a plunger threadably received in the yoke opening, the wheel assembly support being slidably received on the plunger, and Belleville washers extending around the plunger and between the yoke and the wheel holding assembly support, the Belleville washers extending between an abutment on the plunger and the wheel holding assembly support.

Abstract: A vehicle load detection apparatus which detects displacement between the chassis and an axle assembly of a motor vehicle to provide an indication of the weight supported by the axle assembly and which includes an actuator having a piston rod and a displacement detector having an operating member coupled to the piston rod. The displacement detector is inoperative when the piston is retracted, and is operative when the actuator is actuated to advance the piston road and detector operating member into engagement with the axle.

Abstract: An acoustic absorber (10) comprises a housing or wall (11), defining an interior absorber chamber (12) connected by openings (13) to a duct (20) to reduce the sound in the duct (20). The natural frequency and impedance of the absorber (12) are variable, so that the absorber (12) can be adapted to a sound field in the duct (20) in a manner corresponding to the respective operating conditions. Such adaptation is achieved mechanically, for example, by an elastic membrane (15) for varying the volume of chamber (12), or thermally, for example, by a heating wire (14) or a wire braid (17).

Abstract: The device for producing an overtone-rich, sporty exhaust sound of the exhaust system of a four-cylinder engine includes exhaust pipes with four manifold pipes, at least one front pipe and a tail pipe. The length and/or cross-section of at least one exhaust pipe differ from the length and/or cross-section of the other exhaust pipes. At least some of the exhaust pipes lead into a first, second and/or third collecting point.

Abstract: An elevator apparatus is provided with an elevator path having a restricted height. Under a roping ratio of 1:1, a thin driving unit having a traction sheave 1 and a driving mechanism 2 is positioned between an inner wall 3a of the elevator path 3 and a space occupied by an elevator car 4 rising and falling in the elevator path 3. One end of a suspension rope 7 is fixed to the elevator car 4 in a position below a ceiling 4c of the elevator car 4. With the arrangement, the car 4 can move close to the ceiling 4c of the elevator car 4 effectively. Further, it is possible to reduce respective heights of the elevator path 3 and a building equipped with the elevator apparatus.

Abstract: An elevator apparatus is provided with an elevator path having a restricted height. Under a roping ratio of 1:1, a thin driving unit having a traction sheave 1 and a driving mechanism 2 is positioned between an inner wall 3a of the elevator path 3 and a space occupied by an elevator car 4 rising and falling in the elevator path 3. One end of a suspension rope 7 is fixed to the elevator car 4 in a position below a ceiling 4c of the elevator car 4. With the arrangement, the car 4 can move close to the ceiling 4c of the elevator car 4 effectively. Further, it is possible to reduce respective heights of the elevator path 3 and a building equipped with the elevator apparatus.

Abstract: An elevator apparatus is provided with an elevator path having a restricted height. Under a roping ratio of 1:1, a thin driving unit having a traction sheave 1 and a driving mechanism 2 is positioned between an inner wall 3a of the elevator path 3 and a space occupied by an elevator car 4 rising and falling in the elevator path 3. One end of a suspension rope 7 is fixed to the elevator car 4 in a position below a ceiling 4c of the elevator car 4. With the arrangement, the car 4 can move close to the ceiling 4c of the elevator car 4 effectively. Further, it is possible to reduce respective heights of the elevator path 3 and a building equipped with the elevator apparatus.

Abstract: In the expander 50 in a drum brake, when the brake is activated, the sleeve 56 is extended in the lateral directions in the drawing by the wedge 52 inserted within the housing 51, and the shoe engaged with the clip 58 is swung to press the lining 23 against the drum, and friction braking is performed. When the lining 23 wears away and the amount of movement of the sleeve 56 increases, the sleeve 56 is rotated by reciprocal action with a drive ring 62 that is engaged with the periphery of the sleeve and, thereby, the pressing screw 57 screwed thereon comes out by the amount of the increase of movement (the amount of wear on the lining). A flat surface 56c is formed on the periphery of the sleeve and the detecting head 80 of the displacement detection apparatus detects the rotation of the sleeve 56. The controller performs a warning operation with the warning means when the cumulative number rotations of the sleeve 56 has reached a prescribed number of rotations.

Abstract: A bicycle disc brake caliper is provided with a cooling system that transfers heat away from the actuating fluid. Basically, the bicycle disc brake caliper has a housing and a piston unit, with a coolant member of the cooling system attached to the housing. The housing has a frame mounting member sized to be coupled to a portion of a bicycle frame. The piston unit is movably coupled to the housing between a release position, in which the piston unit is spaced from a brake disc mounted to a wheel of a bicycle, and a braking position, in which the piston unit engages the brake disc of the bicycle wheel. The coolant member has a coolant area for receiving coolant to create a coolant heat sink that transfers heat from the housing. The housing has an actuating passage in fluid communication with the piston unit to move the piston unit via an actuating fluid. In one embodiment, the cooling system includes a pump and a reservoir.

Abstract: A hydraulic damper comprises a first chamber and second chamber separated by a wall. The wall contains at least one passage that extends generally between the first chamber and the second chamber. The passage is opened and closed by a valve member. The valve member is formed by a first sheet and a second sheet that generally form a fluid chamber. The fluid chamber is in direct communication with the first chamber through an aperture in the first sheet and in selective communication with the second chamber when the second sheet moves away from the first sheet. The first sheet also can move from the wall to allow fluid communication between the passage.

Abstract: A motor vehicle friction clutch, comprising a reaction plate, a friction disc with friction liners at its outer periphery, a pressure plate, a cover plate fixed on the reaction plate, axial clutch engaging means controlled by declutching means and acting between the cover plate and the pressure plate through respective primary and secondary abutments, with the pressure plate being fixed to the cover plate for rotation with the latter while being axially displaceable with respect to it, also includes a wear compensating device. One of the abutments of the clutch engaging means is displaceable axially and the compensating device includes a compensating means brought into operation by an actuating means which is arranged to effect this displacement. The actuating means is controlled by a displacement means in association with a detection means responsive to wear in the liners and acting on at least one of the elements consisting of the actuating, compensating and displacement means.

Abstract: An apparatus for positioning, handling and conveying structural parts for a surface finishing of the parts comprises frames arranged successively in a conveying direction, hooks carried by the frames for hanging the structural parts, and devices for maintaining successive ones of the frames in the conveying direction so close to each other that the structural parts hanging on the hooks are locked in position by the successive frames.

Abstract: An extendable conveyor has an extendable conveyor section supported in a cantilevered manner including at least one extendable conveyor unit that is extendable between an extended position and a retracted position nested within the extendable conveyor section. The conveyor further includes a user interface section supported in a cantilevered manner from the extendable conveyor unit.

Abstract: A wall panel including a rectangular frame, a pair of wall members and a thin decorative sheet covering the wall members. The frame includes two spaced apart, generally parallel vertical frame members and spaced apart, generally parallel horizontal lower and upper frame members. The horizontal frame members are connected to the vertical frame members at opposite ends thereof to form the rectangular frame. In one embodiment, each of the frame members includes a core member and a pair of sidewall members attached to opposite sides of the core member. The wall members are attached to the sidewalls on opposing sides of the frame members. In another embodiment, inner wall members are attached to the opposing sides of the frame members, and outer wall members are thereafter attached to the inner wall member. A decorative sheet covers the outer surface of each outer wall member. The wall panels are connected to each other with a connector member.

Abstract: An upper case (32) is rotatably provided in a body portion (31) to be fixed to an end face on the column side, and a spiral cable (29) is spirally accommodated in an annular space between the body portion (31) and the upper case (32). A cancel cam (40) for pressing a cancel portion (42) of a turn signal lever (36) with return rotation of a steering is protruded in a predetermined position on an outer peripheral surface of the upper case (32). A flange portion (41) is integrally formed on the cancel cam (40) over the outer peripheral surface of the upper case (32). A side wall (31B) to circulate and surround the flange portion (41) of the upper case (32) is erected on an upper surface of the body portion (31).

Abstract: A thin film is fabricated while causing ions in a plasma P to be incident by effecting biasing relative to the space potential of the plasma P by imparting a set potential to the surface of a substrate 9. A bias system 6 causes the substrate surface potential Vs to vary in pulse form by imposing an electrode imposed voltage Ve in pulse form on a bias electrode 23 which is in a dielectric block 22. The pulse frequency is lower than the oscillation frequency of ions in the plasma P, and the pulse period T, pulse width t and pulse height h are controlled by a control section 62 in a manner such that the incidence of ions is optimized. The imposed pulses are controlled in a manner such that the substrate surface potential Vs recovers to a floating potential Vf at the end of a pulse period T, and that the ion incidence energy temporarily crosses a thin film sputtering threshold value in a pulse period T.

Abstract: There may be used a film-forming apparatus having a substrate 4 that is rotatable around the center of one rotating axis 10 in the vertical direction situated in an inner cylinder 12, and a plurality (four in FIG. 2) of target units each comprising the pair of targets 2A, 2B (2B is under 2A serially arranged in the vertical direction inside an outer cylinder 13 opposite the surface 4a of the substrate 4, which are arranged in parallel in the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the outer cylinder 13. By employing a method whereby voltage is applied while alternately reversing the polarity to each of the targets 2A, 2B, it is possible to form a coating on the surface of a substrate by glow discharge sputtering, to accomplish destaticizing while the sputtering can be carried out using a small in-line or bell jar apparatus with small space.

Abstract: A method of forming a fine wiring pattern by sputtering and patterning which is characterized in that the potential difference between the anode and cathode in the sputtering apparatus is lower than 570V. The resulting fine wiring pattern is free of defects due to splash. This method is effective particularly in the production of array substrates for the flat-panel display device which needs aluminum fine lines to meet the requirement for finer pixels and larger display area.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating a mixture of oxygen gas and hydrogen gas is provided with an electrolytic cell in which electrolysis of electrolyte therein is performed to generate the mixture of the oxygen and the hydrogen gas by electricity being applied from an electrical conversion device and having a plurality of electrode plates arranged with separation, a insulating materials attached to inner wall surfaces of the electrolytic cell and having at least one surface grooves formed thereon into which the electrode plates are inserted, a water supply device for supplementing the water into the electrolytic cell, the water supply device connected to the electrolytic cell, a gas reservoir for restoring the mixture generated in the electrolytic cell, the gas reservoir connected to the electrolytic cell, and a cooling unit for maintaining temperature inside the electrolytic cell constant connected to the electrolytic cell.

Abstract: A planar-type magnetron sputtering apparatus capable of forming a uniform thin coating on the entire surface of a substrate having a large area is disclosed. This sputtering apparatus has an insulating target seat, a permanent magnet closed circuit unit consisting of at least two permanent magnet closed circuits, and used for applying an electric field to the target, and a closed circuit moving unit used for continuously moving the permanent magnet closed circuit unit in one direction along an elliptical track parallel to the surface of the target. Due to the movement of permanent magnet closed circuits in one direction, the magnetron discharge tracks continuously moves along the target surface in the same direction. This sputtering apparatus thus allows the target to be uniformly etched on its surface. It is thus possible to form a desired uniform thin coating on the entire surface of a substrate having a large area.

Abstract: The invention relates to a PVD coating method and to a PVD coating device with a chamber (1) in which at least one target cathode (3), at least one anode (2) and at least one substrate holder (9) which is intended to hold at least one substrate (10) are arranged, and with a control device (4, 6, 7) which delivers a first voltage in order to supply the target cathode (3) with a negative electrical potential relative to the anode (2) in order to form a plasma (P) in which the substrate (10) is arranged, and which delivers a second voltage in order to supply the anode (2) with a positive electrical potential relative to the chamber wall (8). In this sputter-coating device, the ion fraction of the target material which can be achieved is too low for qualitatively satisfactory coating properties.

Abstract: An electroplating apparatus is provided with a metal target and a device for supporting a semiconductor wafer (or other workpiece) in an electroplating solution. The target (anode) may be located relatively far from the wafer surface (cathode) at the beginning of the plating process, until a sufficient amount of metal is plated. When an initial amount of metal is built up on the wafer surface, the target may be moved closer to the wafer for faster processing. The movement of the target may be controlled automatically according to one or more process parameters.

Abstract: A kit and method for creating an article display includes a frame having two openings. The completed display includes a clay tablet having an impression formed therein located within one of the frame openings and a picture located in the other frame opening. The invention is suitable for making impressions of baby's hands or feet and displaying a picture of the baby along with the tablet carrying the impressions.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to the manufacture of lites (glass sheets) which have at least a pair of thin spacers applied thereto which maintain the lites in spaced relationship when stacked upon pallets, wrapped and shipped. The spacers are preferably only partially adhered to the lites, either by weak bonding adhesive or electrostatically, and can be readily removed during end-use applications. The spacers are applied automatically during production runs of the lites, and the spacers are applied from above or from below relative to the path of travel of the lites.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to the manufacture of lites (glass sheets) which have at least a pair of thin spacers applied thereto which maintain the lites in spaced relationship when stacked upon pallets, wrapped and shipped. The spacers are preferably only partially adhered to the lites, either by weak bonding adhesive or electrostatically, and can be readily removed during end-use applications. The spacers are applied automatically during production runs of the lites, and the spacers are applied from above or from below relative to the path of travel of the lites.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to the manufacture of lites (glass sheets) which have at least a pair of thin spacers applied thereto which maintain the lites in spaced relationship when stacked upon pallets, wrapped and shipped. The spacers are preferably only partially adhered to the lites, either by weak bonding adhesive or electrostatically, and can be readily removed during end-use applications. The spacers are applied automatically during production runs of the lites, and the spacers are applied from above or from below relative to the path of travel of the lites.

Abstract: A child-resistant, adult friendly package is disclosed. The package is designed to require a sequence of opening steps too complex for a child to perform, but simple enough for an adult to perform. The package is formed from a top having a surface that projects from one face of the top sheet and forms a recess in the opposite face of the top sheet, a bottom sheet overlying the opposite face of the top sheet, arranged to enclose the recess, a sealed portion and an unsealed portion formed between the top sheet and the bottom sheet, wherein each recess is associated with a sealed portion and an unsealed portion, and a tear slit located between the unsealed portion and an edge of the package, wherein the tear slit does not contact any edge of the package.

Abstract: An object is to provide a reactor for hydrotreating which exhibits a total desulfurizing activity higher than that of the reactor according to the prior art, and which is reduced in the rate of lowering of the desulfurizing activity and therefore can keep the high desulfurizing activity over a long period, and to provide a process by the use of the reactor. A reactor for hydrotreating, which comprises at least four catalyst layers packed respectively with hydrotreating catalysts satisfying the relationship represented by the following formulae: Sn≦Sn+1, 1.15Vn≧Vn+1 wherein S represents the surface area per cubic meter of each hydrotreating catalyst; V represents the pore volume per cubic meter of catalyst; and wherein n is a natural number representing the order of each catalyst layer.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for collating a plurality of groups of mail items, such as flats mail, each group being pre-sequenced according to prioritized delivery addresses, into a final sequenced set of the mail items from the groups, utilizing the prioritized delivery addresses. Each bundle of mail items is formed into a single input stream of the individual mail items. The mail items are transported along a conveyor system from the input stream to a staging station. The mail items are sorted at the staging station into a plurality of subsets of mail items re-sequenced as an intermediate step to achieving the final sequenced sets. The mail items are then collated and merged into a single output stream from the respective subsets of mail items in the final sequenced set. Portions of the output stream from the staging station are collected in batches having justified unbound edges which maintain the sequence consistent with the prioritized delivery order sequence of the mail for a given carrier route.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for collating a plurality of groups of mail items, such as flats mail, each group being pre-sequenced according to prioritized delivery addresses, into a final sequenced set of the mail items from the groups, utilizing the prioritized delivery addresses. Each bundle of mail items is formed into a single input stream of the individual mail items. The mail items are transported along a conveyor system from the input stream to a staging station. The mail items are sorted at the staging station into a plurality of subsets of mail items re-sequenced as an intermediate step to achieving the final sequenced sets. The mail items are then collated and merged into a single output stream from the respective subsets of mail items in the final sequenced set. Portions of the output stream from the staging station are collected in batches which maintain the sequence consistent with the prioritized delivery order sequence of the mail for a given carrier route.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hollow fiber membrane module of immersing type and a method for manufacturing such a hollow fiber membrane module, in which it is difficult for polluted substances to accumulate between hollow fiber membranes, and increase in pressure difference, reduction in flow rate and inter-fiber clogging can be prevented for a long time period. The module is provided at its both ends with water collecting portions having water collecting plates, and hollow fiber membranes are connected to the water collecting plates in such a manner that the hollow fiber membranes are not in contact with each other, and the hollow fiber membranes are mounted between the plates in a relaxed condition.

Abstract: A method for fractionating a solution into two or more fractions by a chromatographic simulated moving bed (SMB) process, wherein the separation system comprises at least two separation profiles in the same loop.

Abstract: Regeneration of water treatment media is disclosed which includes a water treatment unit having one or more media therein, and which upon initiation of flow of the water, imparts turbulence and abrasion to the treatment medium to automatically cleanse the medium of light solid contaminants as well as contaminant coatings on the media. This greatly improves the operation of the media and extends its life. In addition, the water treatment unit disclosed may simply be rotated through any one of a number of positions between service, backwash, flush, off, and/or bypass operational modes for further regeneration of the treatment media.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for controlling the resistivity of water. The apparatus includes a diffuser injector for mixing water and a water soluble gas such as carbon dioxide gas and that defines an inlet conduit through which water to be treated is communicated and an output conduit from which treated water is discharged. A diffuser tube is disposed within one of the conduits for injecting carbon dioxide gas into the water. A proportional control valve provides carbon dioxide gas from a carbon dioxide tank to the carbon dioxide diffuser tube. Downstream from the diffuser injector are a static mixer for further intermingling the water and carbon dioxide gas and a serially connected contact chamber for enhancing the stability in the resistivity level of the water. A resistivity monitor measures the resistivity of the water and carbon dioxide mixture and transmits a signal to a controller.

Abstract: A water treating system utilizes antimicrobial sand filter for killing bacteria and preventing microbial growth. Said antimicrobial sand filter consists of organic quaternary ammonium salt and inorganic metal compound.

Abstract: A belt press having a frame with a first belt and a second belt rotatably mounted on the frame. A curved inlet guide is movably carried on the frame. The inlet guide has a decreasing radius of curvature from an inlet end to an exit end. A positioning assembly is mounted on the frame and is attached to the inlet end of the inlet guide to raise and lower the inlet end of the inlet guide.