Abstract: An adhesive for dentures comprising a paste-like carrier substance to which hydrocolloids are admixed. In order to obtain an adhesive which is entirely benign from a health viewpoint, the carrier substance consists of honey mixed with alcohol.

Abstract: A novel admixture for mineral binders is composed of a polyol composition with a high hydrogenated disaccharide content (≧40%). The hydrogenated disaccharide is advantageously chosen from maltitol, lactitol and mixtures thereof. Within the admixture, the polyol composition (for example, maltitol powder, a maltitol syrup or a hydrogenated starch hydrolysate) may be combined with conventional admixtures for mineral binders, particularly lignosulfonates. The hydrogenated disaccharides make it possible to obtain an excellent compromise between retardation, plasticity and the mechanical properties of the mineral binder. They may be used equally well for admixing with cements and raw materials for cements as for admixing with mortars, slurries and concretes.

Abstract: A handicapped accessible work table having a horizontal transparent table top, with removable plant trays, cushioned arm rest edges, and vertical legs with caster wheels. The tabletop is supported by parallel identical one piece aluminum frames. Each frame is formed from bending an aluminum bar at several points. Each side frame has vertical legs that have upper portions that bend to form supports for the table top and an upwardly bent mid-section that passes through a slot in the table top. A cross-brace bar connects the top of the opposite upwardly bent mid-sections of each frame to give the table structural support above the tabletop. Thus, wheelchairs have no obstacles when positioned about and under the edges of the table. An ultraviolet light source can be connected to the cross-brace bar so that plantings in the trays can have an adequate light source for growth when the table is used for gardening. The tabletop can include a solid working surface.

Abstract: Articles constructed of a plurality of scuffed sheets have improved sheet-to-sheet bond strength and surfaces with high coefficients of friction. Articles constructed out of three scuffed sheets include exterior intumescent polymeric surfaces resisting the spread of combustion flames and insulating the interior surfaces from the high temperature of fire. Articles include electronic apparatus sending an emergency 911 call to a remote monitoring station. Articles are advantageously reinforced with optional rigidifying structures without article modification. Members are joined with snap together features providing an assembled article. Articles include handles for ergonomic manipulation by workers. Articles include elements amenably receiving unitization accessories. The article improvements are demonstrated in the form of industrial platforms, particularly material handling pallets.

Abstract: A table includes a tabletop including a top surface and a bottom surface, a pair of leg units, a pair of side members coupled to the bottom surface, and a pair of cross members. Each cross member is rotatably coupled to the pair of side members. Each leg unit is coupled to one of the cross members for pivotable movement between a collapsed position and an opened position supporting the tabletop. The side members and the cross members cooperate to form a continuous frame on the bottom surface.

Abstract: Process for treating materials containing CH polymer chains comprising the following steps: by external means, triggering combustion of the material in an environment insulated from the outside; drawing off the gaseous combustion products from said environment to put it under vacuum; feeding combustion-supporting gas in a quantity insufficient to create centers of combustion while maintaining the environment under vacuum in order to favor a process of molecular decomposition of the material; subjecting the produced gases to condensation and collecting the condensate in a non-pressurized environment.

Abstract: The present invention provides a single end scroll-type yarn feed attachment for tufting machines characterized by independent servo-motor control of yarn feed rolls while eliminating tube banks typical of tufting machine feed attachments and produces new tufted carpet designs.

Abstract: A vessel with a mooring tube assembly with swivel mounted chain supports. The assembly includes a frame arranged and designed for support within a vertical opening of the vessel at its bow and/or its stem. A plurality of chain tubes are carried on the outer side of the frame in an arc such that their top ends extend upwardly generally parallel to the vertical axis of opening of the vessel. The vessel includes a deck mounted above the upper end of the frame. A track on the deck allows a single winch to be moved so that a pull-in line can be registered with any of the top ends of the tubes. A plurality of chain supports are rotationally mounted on the frame where each chain support has an outlet and an inlet. A trunnion chain stopper is provided between the outlet and inlet of the chain support. The outlet of each chain stopper is in registration with the lower end of one of the chain tubes.

Abstract: A mooring system including a body/arm/vessel arrangement with passive damping and/or an active force restoring system. The active force restoring system includes a sensor for generating a displacement signal representative of the displacement of the vessel from a quiescent position and an active forcing device which responds to the displacement signal to force the arm in a direction to move the vessel toward the quiescent position. The passive damping arrangement includes a device, independent of and in addition to the damping of the water on the vessel or the arm, that damps the oscillation of the vessel in response to environmental conditions which force the vessel from its quiescent position. Hydraulic cylinder arrangements are provided for active forcing and passive damping. Powered winch/cable arrangements are also provided for active force systems.

Abstract: A more utilitarian folding boat, comprising two identical rigid halves that are held in a parallel position by a single longitudinal hinge fixed to opposing flanges, running from transom to bow, and braces placed on or otherwise affixed to the fore and aft flanges and seat mounts, that when assembled form a twin hull water craft. The hinge affixed to the hull sections allow the sections to be rotated around a centerline of the open boat to then mate at their flange in the same manner as a clam, to form a sealed container suitable for transport on the roof of an automobile. The interior of the closed boat is intended to be used to contain components of the boat and camping gear or other items to be transported by vehicle or stored by standing the closed container on its end like a locker.

Abstract: An apparatus for boiling a liquid includes an audible alarm for notifying an individual when the liquid is boiling. The audible alarm makes use of steam generated by the boiling liquid to drive a turbine which is connected to a means for ringing a bell to notify an individual that the liquid is boiling.

Abstract: A personnel guidance and location control system for locating a group of individuals in a line to reach a selected destination in advance of the end of that line, such as a group of individuals waiting to reach a bank teller. The individuals are guided in a guide path by indica on one or more mats which can be conveniently disposed upon the floor of an institution and arranged to form a guide path. In addition, fixed guidance elements, such as physical markers, may be used with the floor mats in order to further identify points where the group of individuals should turn or otherwise alter directions. In addition, the mats are uniquely designed so as to present informational messages, such as advertising, or other material on a surface thereof. Further, the mats are constructed so that they are rollable, but nevertheless, very durable and do not crack or cause wrinkling of any image upon rolling thereof.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a silicon single crystal ingot and a method of fabricating a silicon wafer using the ingot, characterized in that: the method is structured in such a manner that the silicon single crystal ingot is pulled up from the silicon fused liquid 7 in which nitrogen N and carbon C are doped in polycrystalline silicon, by using the Czochralski method, and its nitrogen density is 1×1013-5×1015 atoms/cm3, and the carbon density is 5×1015-3×1016 atoms/cm3.

Abstract: A method for producing a single-crystalline film made of a single crystal of lithium potassium niobate-lithium potassium tantalate solid solution or a single crystal of lithium potassium niobate, comprising the steps of preparing a target made of a material for the single-crystalline film, preparing a foundation made of a single crystal of lithium potassium niobate-lithium potassium tantalate solid solution or a single crystal of lithium potassium niobate, irradiating upon the target, thereby gasifying molecules constituting the target by dissociation and evaporation thereof, and epitaxially growing the single-crystalline film on the foundation.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus for spin-coating a semiconductor substrate, including (a) a rotary table rotatable in opposite directions, (b) a nozzle dropping coating material onto a semiconductor substrate lying on the rotary table, (c) an electrode having a ring-shaped cross-section and disposed around the rotary table, and (d) a power source applying a voltage to the electrode, the voltage having an electric polarity opposite to an electric polarity of the coating material. Coating material dropped onto the semiconductor substrate is attracted to an electric field generated by the electrode around the semiconductor substrate. Hence, the coating material is not concentrated around a center of the semiconductor substrate, but is facilitated to uniformly spread over the semiconductor substrate, ensuring formation of a coating layer having a uniform thickness.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for protecting the walls of a row of cylinders of an engine block from contamination when the walls of the other row of cylinders of the engine block are thermally coated. For this purpose, the apparatus comprises a plurality of inflatable hollow body members that can be moved into the interior of the cylinders whose walls are to be protected and inflated once they are in position in the interior of the particular cylinders. The hollow body members comprise a dimensionally stable inner sleeve member that is enclosed by an inflatable elastic envelope member. The inflatable hollow body members are arranged in two groups located opposite to each other.

Abstract: A coater for applying coating material to a moving strip of metal or other substrate. The coater comprises at least one dispenser unit and preferably a pair of dispenser units disposed about the moving strip of substrate. Each dispenser unit is adapted to be in communication with a supply of coating material and to apply coating material to a side of the moving strip. Each dispenser unit comprises a receptacle, a coating discharger strip received within the receptacle having an applicator surface for applying coating material to the respective side of the moving strip, a retainer member received within the receptacle for securing the discharge strip within the receptacle, and an anti-wicking member associated with the retainer member for hindering wicking of coating material away from the applicator surface of the coating discharger strip.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for baking-out and for cooling a vacuum chamber are provided. In a first aspect, an inert gas which conducts heat from the vacuum chamber's bake-out lamps to the shield and from the shield to the other parts within the vacuum chamber is introduced to the chamber during chamber bake-out. The inert gas preferably comprises argon, helium or nitrogen and preferably raises the chamber pressure to about 500 Torr during chamber bake-out. A semiconductor processing apparatus also is provided having a controller programmed to perform the inventive bake-out method. In a second aspect, a process chamber is provided having at least one source of a cooling gas. The cooling gas is input to the chamber and is allowed to thermally communicate with the chamber body and components. The cooling gas may reside in the chamber for a period of time or may be continuously flowed through the chamber. Once the chamber reaches a target temperature the cooling gas is evacuated.

Abstract: Transducer apparatus and method combining both an absolute pressure sensor for sensing absolute pressure in the load lock chamber and a differential pressure sensor for sensing a pressure difference between ambient atmospheric pressure and pressure in a load lock chamber and provides control signals for opening an interior door from the load lock chamber into a vacuum processing chamber and for opening an exterior door between ambient atmosphere and the load lock chamber. The transducer can also produce signals to control transition from slow to fast vacuum pump-down of load lock chamber pressure at a predetermined pressure set point.

Abstract: When a substrate coated with a coating solution which oxidizes at high temperatures is heat-treated, an oxygen concentration of a treatment atmosphere is lowered when the temperature is low. Next, the substrate is heat-treated in the treatment atmosphere of which the oxygen concentration is lowered. Sequentially, the treatment atmosphere is returned to that with the original oxygen concentration after the passage of a predetermined time after completing the heat treatment. Thereby, the substrate can be heat-treated, with the oxidization of the coating solution being controlled.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming a ultra-thin film of a semiconductor device includes: a reactive chamber consisting of an upper container and a lower container junctioned by an O-ring; a suscepter installed inside the reactive chamber for supporting a target substrate on which a ultra-thin film is to be formed; at least two gas supply pipes for respectively supplying at least two material gases into the reactive chamber to form a ultra-thin film on the substrate; gas supply controllers respectively installed at the gas supply pipes to repeatedly supply the material gases into the chamber; a gas outlet for discharging the gas from the chamber; remote plasma generators installed outside the reactive chamber and connected to the gas supply pipes for activating the material gases supplied through the gas supply pipes; and a temperature controller for controlling the temperature inside the chamber in a heat exchange method, the temperature controller being installed to surround the chamber.

Abstract: A plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) system having an upper chamber for performing a plasma enhanced process, and a lower chamber having an access port for loading and unloading wafers to and from a wafer boat. The system includes apparatus for moving the wafer boat from the upper chamber to the lower chamber. The wafer boat includes susceptors for suspending wafers horizontally, spaced apart in a vertical stack. An RF plate is positioned in the boat above each wafer for generating an enhanced plasma. An RF connection is provided which allows RF energy to be transmitted to the RF plates while the wafer boat is rotated. Apparatus for automatic wafer loading and unloading is provided, including apparatus for lifting each wafer from its supporting susceptor and a robotic arm for unloading and loading the wafers.

Abstract: A deposited film forming apparatus is provided which has a power applying electrode disposed above a flat plate type base member grounded, in a vacuum chamber, and a power source for supplying a power to the power applying electrode, the deposited film forming apparatus being constructed to supply the power from the power source to the power applying electrode so as to generate a plasma in a discharge space between the power applying electrode and a substrate disposed in opposition to the power applying electrode in the vacuum chamber and serving as an electrode in a pair with the power applying electrode, thereby decomposing a source gas introduced into the vacuum chamber to form a deposited film on the substrate, wherein the power applying electrode is fixed to the base member with the power applying electrode being isolated from the base member. A deposited film forming method using the apparatus is also provided.

Abstract: A reactor 20 includes a shield 50 which prevents the deposition of materials along a line-of-sight path from a wafer 26 toward and onto an electrode 32, or a window 38 which couples an electrode 32 to a reaction chamber of the reactor 20. The shield can be comprised of a conductor and/or an insulator. The shield can affect the character of a plasma generated in the reactor.

Abstract: A ceramic cover plate is placed on the surface of a heater typically consisting of a ceramic heater used in a CVD device so as to cover the entire heating surface of the heater, and a silicon wafer 2 is placed on a recessed supporting surface 2a defined by the surface of the cover plate 2. The surface of the ceramic heater is therefore protected by the cover made of a ceramic plate, and the surface of the ceramic heater is prevented from being directly exposed to the gas such as the cleaning gas. Because the corrosion caused by the cleaning gas is limited to the cover, the ceramic heater can be renewed simply by replacing the cover. This substantially reduces the cost for the maintenance work.

Abstract: The invention concerns a rotary drive that is suitable in particular for performing a plasma immersion-assisted treatment of three-dimensional workpieces. In this rotary apparatus (10), only the removably mounted rotatable rods (1, 11) that serve as sample holders are connected to high voltage, which is delivered via a central high-voltage lead-in (9) at the lower end of the rods, while the actual drive elements (7, 17) for rotating the rods (1, 11) are electrically insulated therefrom by suitable ceramic insulating elements (2, 3, 12, 13) FIG. 1.

Abstract: The Programmable Hay-Forage Feeder takes a whole bale, [round rectangular, square], (optionally two or more bales), of grass, alfalfa, or grass-alfalfa mix hay or forage and works similar to a hay baler in reverse. It will break apart and release small quantities of hay from the bale and automatically dispense the forage into a feed tub for a horse or animal to consume over time, based on a programmed schedule.

Abstract: The present invention includes spring loaded elongated cylindrical perches incorporated into bird feeders, wherein the perches have typically a round perch member which, when loaded by an undesirable bird or other pest, will sense the weight of the pest and the weight will overcome the spring loaded perch and the perch will collapse at a fulcrum point thereby dislodging the bird or pest.

Abstract: A hummingbird feeder than can be disassembled for cleaning is shown. The hummingbird feeder has simple components so that the components are unlikely to become displaced during cleaning. The hummingbird feeder generally comprises of a basin attached to and surrounded by a perch. A cover is placed on top of the basin. The cover has a plurality of feeding ports to allow hummingbirds access to the sugar solution. A neck and a bottle connector are located inside the basin. A bottle is threadedly attached to the bottle connector through a bottling port located on the cover. Securing the bottle to the bottle connector also secures the cover to the basin. The bottle connector is manufactured separately and then sonic fused to a neck located at the basin, thus creating a plurality of ports for the sugar solution to flow from the bottle to the basin.

Abstract: A device for holding objects to be observed includes a frame, a ferrous mesh, a fastener, and a non-ferrous, protective molding. The frame and ferrous mesh form respective portions of an enclosure. The ferrous mesh has an edge coupled to the frame. The fastener is configured to couple the edge to the frame. The non-ferrous, protective molding extends over the edge and is positioned to conceal at least a portion of the edge.

Abstract: A portable pet carrier having a top portion, a middle section and a bottom portion made primarily from a molded synthetic material, with the top portion having a handle-like structure for carrying the assembled pet carrier and the middle portion having holes for ventilation and a door or window-like structure for placing a pet in or removing a pet from the carrier. The middle and bottom portions and the top and middle portions having mating connectors wherein the middle and bottom portions and the top and middle portions can be securely fastened to each other when assembled and can be easily separate from each other when disassembled by way of their respective mating connectors.

Abstract: A pet carrier for use in transporting pets within the passenger compartments of aircraft includes selectively closeable windows formed from mesh fabric, a fully openable end and a fully openable side for providing access to the interior of the pet carrier, an access port in the top having a full length double zipper closure and a rotatable locking member for securing the access port in the closed condition, a multi-function strap securable to the opposite ends of the pet carrier for use as a shoulder strap and securable to one end of the pet carrier for use as a pulling strap; individually removable rollers supporting the pet carrier for rolling movement over an underlying surface; and a removable floor.

Abstract: A synthetic chew toy can be formed as a composite of two different materials. The toy can be formed with a rigid synthetic frame, supporting a softer chew portion. The chew portion can include a plurality of projections, preferably having a cylindrical shape with a hemispheric end, extending outward from a base of the chew portion. Thus, the rigidity of the frame provides structure, support and durability for the chew toy, and the relatively softer chew portion can provide beneficial effects to a pets teeth and gums, or provide greater chewing pleasure. A scent insert can be housed within the frame and scent can be emitted through passageways through the chew portion and frame.

Abstract: A toy for pets (10) having a central hub (12) which is convex in shape. A plurality of appendages (14) are immovably connected to the central hub (12) and radiate from it in a single plane. Each appendage (14) has a knob (16) immovably connected at its outer end. The knobs (16) are convex in shape and are smaller in size than the hub (12). When manipulated by the paw of a pet, the device (10) can be made to spin or slide across a smooth surface (18) such as a floor, with the central hub (12) remaining in contact with the surface (18). The convex shape of the central hub (12) minimizes contact with the surface (18) and also provides a pivot point for the device (10) to rotate upon the surface (18). The appendages (14) and knobs (16) may be gnawed or chewed by the pet, grasped by the paws of the pet, or gripped by the mouth of the pet in order to carry the device (10).

Abstract: The trouble occurring followed by air supply shortage due to the clogging of the flame arrester is prevented.

Abstract: An engine generator includes an engine, a generator having a generating unit including an outer rotor and a stator, and a cooling fan disposed between the engine and the generator. The generating unit is housed within a fan cover which is provided for accommodating the cooling fan, the stator being mounted to the inner side of the fan cover. As the single fan cover encloses the generating unit, a reduction in the number of components and an improvement in water-proof performance are achieved. The stator can be separated and replaced simply by removing the fan cover without dismounting other components, whereby maintenance is facilitated and the number of working steps is reduced.

Abstract: A control system and method for controlling the speed of a plurality of fans for cooling a plurality of fluids in a work machine in accordance with the heat dissipation requirements of the particular heat transfer cores, the present control system including a plurality of sensors positioned to sense the temperature of each of the plurality of fluids, each sensor being operable to output a signal indicative of the temperature of that particular fluid. An electronic controller coupled to the sensors receives signals indicative of the temperature of each of the plurality of fluids, determines therefrom a desired fan speed for each fan, and outputs a signal to individually control the speed of each fan. Each output signal is based upon a comparison of at least some of the temperature error signals determined from the plurality of sensor signals.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to improve a cooling efficiency for cooling an engine generator by dividing a cooling air passage into two routes. The engine generator includes an engine, a generator, a muffler and a cooling fan, which are all enclosed in a housing. A first cooling air passage is formed adjacent to a cylinder of the engine. A second cooling air passage is formed beneath the engine, extending from the lower side of the cooling fan, passing through an area below the engine and arriving at the muffler. The second cooling air passage is formed between an oil pan and a vibration isolation support base plate, with the oil pan facing the second cooling air passage. In this way, an air supplied from the cooling fan is divided into two routes, with one cooling the cylinder head of the engine and the other the lower portion of the engine and the muffler.

Abstract: To provide a cooling apparatus for a vehicle enabling protection of a cooling device by effectively utilizing a vehicle frame. The cooling apparatus, which is attached to a vehicle including a vehicle frame and a steering member provided at a front upper portion of the vehicle frame, has a heat exchanger, which performs thermal exchange with the outside air. The heat exchanger is provided within an area formed with a vertical plane passing through a front end of the vehicle frame and a horizontal plane passing through an upper end of the steering member.

Abstract: In a handheld type four-cycle engine, a valve operation mechanism includes a camshaft rotatably supported in a cylinder head so as to open and close an intake valve and an exhaust valve and a timing transmission placed on one side outside an engine main body and providing association between a crankshaft and the camshaft, and a centrifugal clutch for power output is mounted on the crankshaft on the opposite side outside the engine main body. The timing transmission and the centrifugal clutch being positioned at the two ends of the crankshaft improves the weight balance, the center of gravity of the engine can be made as close to the central part of the crankshaft as possible, which, together with the reduced weight, can enhance the operability of the engine.

Abstract: A knocking-based, micro-combustion engine constructed in three layers of micromachined material. Two outer layers contain means for directing gases and fuels into and out of vents in a middle layer. The middle layer has machined in it two, linear, free pistons with or without integral air springs, and vents for directing gases and fuels into and out of a combustion chamber. A high compression ratio is achieved. The engine can be constructed with means to generate electrical energy.

Abstract: The invention relates to a two-stroke internal combustion engine with crankcase avenging, with an exhaust passage controlled by the piston and at least two first transfer passages and at least one second transfer passage, each with a corresponding transfer port into the cylinder chamber and a port on the crankcase side for communication between the cylinder chamber and the crankcase, the transfer ports of the first transfer passages being controlled by the upper edge of the piston, and the crankcase-side port of the second transfer passage being disposed in a region of the cylinder wall that is swept by the piston skirt of the piston. For control of the second transfer passage the proposal is put forward that the piston skirt of the piston be provided with a control opening in the area of the crankcase-side port of the second transfer passage.

Abstract: Method for regulation of currents during phases of stoppage in electromagnetic actuators, for actuation of intake and exhaust valves in internal-combustion engines, in which an actuator is connected to a respective intake or exhaust valve which has a position, and includes a mobile unit, which is actuated magnetically in order to control the movement of the valve, a sensor which supplies a position signal which is representative of a present position of the mobile unit, and a first and a second electromagnet, which are disposed on opposite sides of the mobile unit, and receive respectively a first and a second current; the mobile unit being disposed in a position of stoppage during phases of stoppage.

Abstract: A hydraulic camshaft-adjusting device of the rotary piston type having a drive gear (2) and an impeller. The drive gear (2) has a cavity formed from a perimeter wall and two side walls (5, 6) inside of which at least one hydraulic working chamber is formed from at least two boundary walls (8). The impeller has a wheel hub (10) with at least one vane that extends into a working chamber, dividing the chamber into two associated hydraulic pressure chambers. The pressure medium feed to and from the pressure chambers is done using a pressure medium tap (16) on the side facing a camshaft as well as using pressure medium channels (17) incorporated into the axial sides (14, 15) of the wheel hub (10) of the impeller, which are connected to the pressure medium tap through a pressure medium distributor (20). The pressure medium tap (16) and the pressure medium distributor (20) are encircled at the head (19) and the outer surface (21) by a respective penetration (22, 23) in the side walls (5, 6) of the drive gear (2).

Abstract: A cam shaft driving structure of an SOHC V-type engine comprises a crank shaft; a first cam shaft and a second cam shaft respectively provided in a cylinder head of a first cylinder and a cylinder of a second cylinder; an intermediate shaft rotatably provided in an upper portion of the crank case, a first cam chain and a second cam chain, an intermediate shaft chain; a first cam chain guide and a second cam chain guide for respectively guiding a tense side of the first cam chain and a loose side of the first cam chain; and a third cam chain guide and a fourth cam chain guide for respectively guiding a tense side of the second cam chain and a loose side of the second cam chain guide, wherein a fulcrum of the second cam chain guide and a fulcrum of the fourth cam chain guide are provided in the vicinity of the intermediate shaft, a first tensioner for the cam chain guide associated with one of the first and second cam chains in which its loose side corresponds to its upper side is provided in the corresponding

Abstract: In a spark plug for an internal combustion engine, having a fitting screw portion with a diameter of M10. An axial distance A between an end surface of a fitting piece and an other end surface of a noble metal chip is set within a range of 3 mm to 8 mm, and the other end surface has an area S set within a range of 0.07 mm2 to 0.55 mm2. One end portion of a ground electrode is fitted to the end surface of the fitting piece, and the other end portion is inclined toward the noble metal chip at a slant angle of &thgr; with respect to an axial length so as to provide a discharge gap G between the noble chip and the other end portion. The slant angle &thgr; is within a range of 40° to 70°, and the discharge gap G is set within a range of 0.7 mm to 0.9 mm. According to the structure, it is possible to sufficiently protrude the spark position of the spark plug.

Abstract: An improved compact and highly efficient variable tuned intake system for a V-type, multi-cylinder engine. The induction system provides variable tuning length with both the high speed and low speed inlets being directed away from the valley between the cylinder banks to minimize the change in the flow directions into the combustion chambers.

Abstract: A rotary valve head system for a multi-cylinder engine includes hollow intake and exhaust rotary valve tubes having multiple apertures registerable with an engine intake or exhaust manifold according to a timing mechanism linked to the rotary valve tube. A cylinder head overlying the multiple cylinders includes head intake and exhaust ports registered with the cylinder intake and exhaust ports, which is configured such that a clearance is provided between the cylinder head and outer surfaces of the intake and exhaust rotary valve tubes. Inserts are positioned within the cylinder head to form a seal between the intake and exhaust rotary valve tube apertures and the cylinder head. Incoming air/fuel is permitted to flow through the intake rotary valve tube until entering into a cylinder through a tube aperture registered with a head intake port and cylinder intake port. Outgoing combustion products likewise flow through the exhaust tube.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus for a reduced mass balancer shaft that effectively balance first or second order imbalances in an internal combustion engine. The balancer shaft is symmetrical with offset masses that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction and orientation, and preferably comprises front and rear offset masses between a center section and a front and a rear journal respectively. In a preferred embodiment, there integrally formed stiffening members in the front and rear offset masses that symmetric about the balancer shaft centerline. The front and rear offset masses are each comprised of solid partial annular configurations that extend equally away from the balancer shaft centerline. The center section is comprised of an annular configuration.

Abstract: In a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine with a cylinder head casting having at least one exhaust passage formed from thin-walled material, which together with the cylinder head casting forms an annular space filled with molding sand, the exhaust passage being supported in the cylinder head casting by sheet-like mounting flanges, a venting duct is provided which extends from the annular space to the outside for discharging gases released from the molding sand in the annular space during casting of the cylinder head.