Abstract: A method for defining the operation of a plant for producing, conveying and packaging articles, in particular rolls, such as rolls of paper material and the like. The plant comprises the following operative sections: at least an apparatus for forming articles positioned upstream, at least a machine for packaging said articles in respective packs positioned downstream, and an apparatus for conveying said articles which is able to transfer said articles between said forming apparatus and said packaging apparatus. The method and the plant provide that, through a central control unit of the plant, starting from predefined setting data, operating parameters of the sections of the plant are determined.

Abstract: A string (12) of pocketed coil springs (14) is formed by inserting compressed springs between upper and lower plies of a folded, preferably thermally weldable fabric (16). The springs are maintained in a compressed configuration while a longitudinal seam (54) joins the free edges of the thermally welded fabric (16) together. Subsequently, the compressed springs (14) are allowed to relax into an expanded configuration after which a transverse seam (80) is formed in the fabric (16) between the adjacent springs (14) thereby encapsulating each spring (14) within a fabric pocket (86). The string (12) of pocketed coil springs (14) is advantageously formed without the need for reorienting the springs (14) after being inserted between the plies (24, 26) of the fabric (16) and thereby avoiding the disadvantages and complications associated with turning or reorienting the pocketed coil spring (14).

Abstract: An electret filter media includes an additive or mixtures thereof that enhance the charge stability of the media. The filter media achieves acceptable alpha values for a range of filtration challenges without significant decay in alpha values over time. Preferred charge additives include fatty acid amides and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A method of controlling the combination of a baler and a tractor includes the steps of advancing the baler combination through a swath or windrow of biological crop matter with the tractor PTO operating at a generally constant speed to power the baler and the baler operating to take up biological matter while monitoring the flow rate of the biological matter through the baler. A microprocessor compares the assessed flow rate with an optimal flow rate and varies the travel speed of the tractor to maximize the flow rate of crop material through the baler. Preferably, the speed of operation of the tractor is accomplished through changing transmission speeds so that the PTO shaft speed is maintained at a substantially uniform rotational speed. The apparatus provided for carrying out the method of controlling the combination of a tractor and a baler increases the work rate of baling operations.

Abstract: An interlock system for use with a cutting assembly of a lawn tractor is disclosed. The interlock system automatically disengages the cutting assembly when the lawn tractor is shifted into a reverse mode and automatically re-engages the cutter assembly when the lawn tractor is subsequently shifted into a non-reverse mode.

Abstract: An apparatus for inverting a windrow of agricultural crop material on the ground as the apparatus moves along the windrow in a first direction has a lifting mechanism for lifting the crop material from the ground substantially without destroying the integrity of the windrow as the apparatus moves in the first direction. In addition, a transporting mechanism receives the crop material from the lifting mechanism and positively transports the crop material along a generally semicircular path substantially also without destroying the integrity of the windrow so that the crop material is positively transported generally in the first direction when it reaches an exit location where the crop material is dropped to the ground. The continued movement of the crop material by the transporting mechanism results in the crop material passing the exit location so that a lower surface of the windrow is repositioned to a top of the windrow.

Abstract: In a spinning machine with at least one spinning station (1) which station possesses a feed drum (2), driven by a single drive (12), a disintegrator (3), a rotor (4), a withdrawal roll (5) and a spool roll (7), provision has been made, that the spinning station (1) has an additional single drive (15, 16, 17) respectively for the withdrawal roll (5) and/or the spool roll (7) and/or a paraffin roll (6) and that the speed of rotation ratio of the single drives (12, 15, 16, 17) can be preset to specified values.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a first connecting link and a second connecting link from an individual forging which can be juxtaposed along a predetermined profile to form an openable link for joining a chain of links into a closed loop to form a track comprises the steps of providing the individual forging of the openable link, securing the forging in a cantilevered position on a work table, and cutting the forging along the predetermined profile from one side to the other side of the forging by spark-erosion machining with a wire so that the first connecting link and the second connecting link are provided with juxtaposed, sided by side cut surfaces, where the first connecting link is formed and separated from the second connecting link leaving the second connecting link secured on the work table in a pre-determined position.

Abstract: In a method for operating a power plant by means of a CO2 process, isentropic compression first takes place, subsequently an isobaric heat supply, then isentropic expansion, and finally isobaric heat discharge. The CO2 process broken down here takes place with internal combustion, a fuel (21) and the oxygen (18) necessary for oxidization being supplied. After the charging of the CO2 circuit (23) has been carried out, the excess CO2 formed from combustion is discharged continuously, in that this gas is led through a cooler (14), in which said gas is condensed. In order to dispose of this condensed CO2 (15), there are available here, for example, the possibilities of storing this CO2 on the ocean floor or of introducing the condensed CO2 into a worked-out deposit of natural gas.

Abstract: This invention relates to a bleed valve of a compressor, in particular a compressor of a bypass aero-engine, with a guiding device provided downstream of a valve body in the bleed duct, said guiding device directing the bleed airflow from a compressor duct to a bypass duct in such a manner that the direction of flow of the bleed airflow is imparted a component which is unidirectional with the airflow carried in the bypass duct. The present invention provides a dissipation screen in the bleed duct between the valve body and the guiding device to reduce the energy contained in the bleed airflow, thereby decreasing the loading of the bypass duct. Moreover, the present invention provides for an attenuation chamber downstream of the dissipation screen as viewed in the direction of the bleed airflow.

Abstract: A combined cycle power generation plant comprises a waste heat recovery boiler (20) having a stabilizing burner (25) at an upstream position thereof. The stabilizing burner is ignited during the time of start-up and speed increase of a gas turbine (11) so that steam generation at the waste heat recovery boiler is accelerated. The steam is used effectively for cooling the gas turbine, driving a steam turbine, and for gland steam. In addition, exhaust steam from the steam turbine is also used to cool the gas turbine. Consequently, the time for the plant to reach a full load can be shortened.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for operating a diesel engine with reduced emission of particulates as well as HC, CO, NOx, and SOx, comprising a corona discharge device for producing ozone in the air intake system, the corona discharge device comprising at least one first electrode, at least one second electrode positioned a distance from the first electrode and a dielectric material positioned between the first electrode and the second electrode; and a high frequency power supply having an operational frequency of at least about 1,000 Hz adapted to provide electrical power to the corona discharge device. These harmful emissions from diesel engine are reduced, partly or completely, due to the complete combustion of fuel by supplying enough amount of ozone into the combustion chamber of engine. The particular advantageous feature of this invention is that it can be installed easily and inexpensively to existing and new engines without modifying the operating condition or the structure of engine itself.

Abstract: Programmable open and closed loop electronics for control of an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A filtration system adapted to prevent diesel soot carried with recirculated exhaust gas from being recirculated through internal combustion engine. The filtration system provides continuous elimination of soot, thus reducing its negative impact on engine life, lubrication oil quality, and on components in the exhaust gas recirculation system. The filtration system comprises a non-thermal plasma generator that periodically, or continuously, oxidizes carbon deposited, or trapped, within a carbon filter disposed downstream of the non-thermal plasma generator.

Abstract: A apparatus and method for throttling a heat engine uses a plurality of cylinder ports through a side portion of the cylinder and a sleeve that selectively opens or closes them to provide fluid communication between an interior portion of the cylinder and a reservoir area when a piston in the cylinder is below the cylinder ports. The sleeve has a plurality of throttle ports through it and moves to communicate a number of the throttle ports with a number of the cylinder ports, thereby opening the cylinder ports. Cylinder ports and throttle ports may be arranged so that as the sleeve is rotated, an increasing number of cylinder ports are opened higher up the cylinder. The cylinder ports may also be arranged so that rotating the sleeve varies the amount ports are opened. The sleeve is preferably worm-gear driven for accurate position control. Upon closing the throttle, normal operating pressures are restored via use of a check valve.

Abstract: A multi-energy system 9 including a gas heat pump type air conditioner 10 in which a compressor 16 equipped in an outdoor unit 11 is driven by a gas engine 25, and a power generating apparatus 30 having a power generator 31 which is driven by the gas engine 25 to output AC power, characterized in that the power generating apparatus 30 further includes an AC/DC converter 32 converter for converting AC power output from the power generator 31 to DC power, and a DC/AC converter 33 for converting the DC power thus obtained in the AC/DC converter 32 to AC power having a specified frequency and then outputting the AC power thus obtained to electric equipment.

Abstract: To present a gas turbine combustor capable of improving the fuel distribution from the main fuel nozzle, suppressing fluctuations of internal pressure and elevation of inner tube metal temperature, and enhancing the combustion stability and durability of the combustor.

Abstract: A method for recovering gas is described and includes compressing gas with a turboexpander-driven compressor. The compressor may be a high speed cryogenic centrifugal compressor and the gas to be recovered may be generated from a source of liquefied gas, such as during the transfer of liquefied natural gas from a shipping vessel to a storage tank. A system for recovering gas is also provided and includes a turboexpander-driven compressor in communication with a source of gas to be compressed. The system may be provided with a circuit such that at least a portion of the compressed gas, and/or at least a portion of an expanded, reduced-pressure gas exiting the turboexpander, is directed to the source of the gas.

Abstract: Liquefied natural gas is stored in an insulated tank, typically forming part of an ocean going tanker. Boiled off vapor is compressed in a compressor and at least partially condensed in a condenser. The resulting condensate is returned to the tank. The vapor is mixed with liquefied natural gas in a mixing chamber upstream of the compressor. The liquefied natural gas so mixed with the vapor in the mixing chamber is taken from the condensate or from the storage tank.

Abstract: Improved methods for the controlled generation of ammonia from an ammoniated metal salt at substantially ambient temperature by applying microwave energy to the salt. The ammoniated salts have the formula MAn·(NH3), wherein M is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, scandium, ytterbium, the lanthanides, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium, rhenium, iron, ruthenium, osmium, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, nickel, palladium, platinum, copper, silver, gold, zinc, cadmium, mercury, tin, and aluminum; A is at least one ion selected from the group consisting Cl−, Br−, F−, I−, ClO3−, ClO4−, BF4−, AlCl4−, PF6−, SbCl6−, and SbF6−; and SbF6− n is from 1 to 6; and X is from 1 to 8.

Abstract: Refrigerants containing R-22 are replaced with new blends by using R-125, or R-125 with R-124, or R-218, or R-218 with R-124, in place of R-22. No hardware or oil composition changes are required to maintain temperatures, pressures and capacity substantially unchanged in a refrigeration system.

Abstract: The performance of a refrigeration system is often reduced due to insufficient refrigerant charge or due to the use of an inverter compressor. The performance loss is associated with the operating condition, which is not at the optimum, thus yielding less than the maximum EER (energy efficiency ratio). A vortex generator restores the optimum operating condition in the refrigeration system with insufficient refrigerant charge or using an inverter compressor.

Abstract: A heat and electric power supply system which comprises a regenerative gas turbine and an adsorption refrigerator recovering exhaust heat of exhaust gas from the gas turbine is provided with an inlet air cooling equipment including a spray device for spraying cold water form the adsorption refrigerator into an air-intake port of the regenerative gas turbine and a humidifier effecting humidification by hot water injection from the refirigerator into a compressor delivery port of the regenerative gas turbine. The cooling by cold water and humidification by hot water injection are effected according to operational conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an air conditioning system arrangement intended for motor vehicles, especially passenger cars. The air conditioning system has a compressor, condenser and evaporator that are connected by way of transfer elements in a closed circuit for the transfer of refrigerant. The condenser and evaporator may be arranged on the chassis of the vehicle. The invention compressor may be mounted on the chassis of the vehicle.

Abstract: A refrigerated merchandiser (100) includes an upright, open-front, insulated cabinet (110) defining a product display area (125) connected in airflow communication with a compartment (120) via an air circulation circuit (122, 114, 116). An evaporator (40) and a plurality of spaced fans (70) are disposed in a forced draft arrangement within compartment (120) with flow baffle (150) disposed therebetween to provide increased flow resistance whereby a more uniform velocity profile is provided entering the evaporator.

Abstract: A refrigerated merchandiser (100) includes an upright, open-front, insulated cabinet (110) defining a product display area (125) connected in airflow communication with a compartment (120) via an air circulation circuit (122, 114, 116). An evaporator (40) and a plurality of axially aligned transverse fans (70) are disposed in axially parallel juxtaposition within compartment (120). The use of transverse fans results in a substantially uniform evaporator outlet temperature profile across the length of the evaporator.

Abstract: Gradient coil for magnetic resonance (MR) devices has direct cooling by means of cooling lines that are embedded in the coil and through which a cooling agent flows. The cooling lines are arranged substantially parallel to one another, such as parallel to the axis of the gradient coil, and are combined to form heat exchanger modules whose individual cooling lines are coupled with one another so that the maximum length between the inlet and outlet of a module corresponds to twice the longitudinal length of the gradient coil.

Abstract: High pressure gaseous oxygen is obtained safely and without compression by heating pumped liquid oxygen in a printed circuit type heat exchanger having layers of transversely extending laterally spaced channels with each layer being in thermal contact with at least one other layer. Oxygen is vaporized in channels of oxygen-layers against heat exchange fluid passing through channels of heat exchange layers. The walls of the oxygen layer channels are formed of ferrous alloy and have a cross-section, in a plane perpendicular to the direction of flow, having a thickness at its narrowest of at least about 10%, and on average at least about 15%, of the combined hydraulic mean diameters of the adjacent channels, and the ratio of cross-sectional area, in said plane, of the walls to the cross-sectional area of the channels is no less than about 0.7.

Abstract: A processing method of a silica glass fiber, which is applicable to a long fiber, to improve its UV resistance by UV irradiation and heat treatment. Initially, a heating furnace 1 is positioned such that the left end of the silica glass fiber is within the heating furnace 1. Then, the heating furnace 1 is moved toward the right, while UV is irradiated with a UV source to the left end surface of the silica glass fiber. Since the silica glass becomes transparent due to removal of structural defects that have been caused by the UV irradiation, the UV travels further forward and causes other structural defects there. When the heating furnace 1 is moved there, the structural defects are removed and the silica glass fiber becomes transparent. By repeating these steps, the fiber is processed throughout length. Thus, mass production becomes possible and an improvement of productivity and lower costs can be achieved.

Abstract: A fabric including raised members that effectively separate the wearer from the fabric base. The raised members add a third dimension of depth or thickness to a traditionally two-dimensional piece of apparel allowing the fabric base to remain separate from the wearer's body which provides greater comfort and breathability to the wearer. The raised members may be placed in useful proportion with open holes or closed spaces of the fabric enhancing the quality and functionality of the apparel.

Abstract: A warp-knitted fabric from which garments can be obtained without accompanying any sewing process. The fabric is constructed by a first and second layers 10 and 12, which construct first and second sides, respectively of garments and which are basically separated from each other. The first and second layers are connected with each other along an outline 14 of the garment. At locations corresponding to sleeves of the garment, the fabric is integrated with indicator lines CL1, CL2 and CL3 for effect a cutting of the garment at the sleeve portions. A wearer select one of the indicator lines and uses the selected line as a guide for effect a cutting at the sleeve portions so that a desired sleeve length which is best fitted to the wearer is obtained.

Abstract: A system of cams and a sinker for terry cloth knitting using the needles on circular knitting machines and stocking knitting machines. Cam means (20, 21, 22) are provided for selectively interacting with a control bottom part (18) and with a shoulder (19) for the inlet and outlet differential longitudinal movements of each sinker in relation to the needles for a selective plain stitch formation at a horizontal plane (14), a terry cloth stitch at a top mouth (15) and a mixed stitch at an intermediate notch (17) on the head of the sinker proper.

Abstract: A laundry treatment machine, in particular, a washing machine and/or drier, includes an electronic controller, an information output device, and an input device. The electronic controller automatically implements laundry programs and has a decision-maker identifying each laundry item placed therein. The decision-maker makes decisions to create an optimized treatment program for treating the combination of identified laundry items placed into the machine. An information output device presents to a user the optimized program as a proposal. An input device is connected to the electronic controller and is to be actuated by a user for confirming the laundry treatment program determined by the decision-maker.

Abstract: The key designed to mechanically actuate a lock comprises a metallic stem (1) with a longitudinal axis (2) and a plastic casing (3) rigidly connected to one end of the said stem. The casing of this key consists of a lower half casing (4) connected to the stem by a link (5) free to slide along the said longitudinal axis and an upper half casing (6) that is rigidly connected to the lower half casing and that comprises a post (7) perpendicular to the longitudinal axis that fits into a corresponding hole in the said stem to prevent any translation movement between the stem and the casing along the said longitudinal axis. With this layout, the lower half casing alone resists the torsion torque applied to the casing by the stem when a lock is being opened, without the addition of any other connecting part between the stem and the lower half casing, which significantly reduces the manufacturing cost of such a key and avoids the use of any visible part that could modify the style and appearance of the key.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of a part with very high mechanical properties, formed by stamping of a strip of rolled steel sheet and more particularly hot rolled and coated with a metal or metal alloy ensuring protection of the surface and the steel, whereby:

Abstract: A process for preparing the end of a pipe for drawing over a drawing mandrel, including the following steps:

Abstract: Apparatus which can be used to calibrate, or provide measurement data on, a machine. The apparatus comprises two structures each with three spherical supports spaced in a triangular array thereon. The supports may be balls or sockets. The structures are interconnected by six members and each support has the ends of two members connected to it. The members are passive extensible measuring bars and the structures are respectively connected to fixed and movable parts of a machine so that movement of the machine parts causes relative movement between the structures and varies the lengths of the measuring bars. From measurements of the lengths of the measuring bars the actual movement of the machine part can be determined. Calibration of the spherical supports is carried out using a measuring bar which is pre-calibrated in a Zerodur jig.

Abstract: A multi-sensor alignment testing device for aligning or testing a sensor in a paper processing apparatus. The device comprises a housing, a power supply section, and a signal selector section connected to the housing. The signal selector section is connectable to a power supply section and the sensor. The indicator section is connected to the signal selector section and the sensor.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the strength of a pressure pulse created from a laser peening device. The apparatus is reusable, and includes a pressure-sensitive medium, a back-up disk, and a cap, all disposed within a housing having a removable lid. All components of the apparatus are replaceable, thereby allowing an operator to utilize the apparatus more than once despite the harsh environment of laser peening.

Abstract: A method for error detection during an evaluation of sensor signals, in particular during an evaluation of output signals of knock sensors in an internal combustion engine, with at least one sensor and an evaluating device connected therewith, the method includes the steps of forming at least one variable reference level from output signals of a sensor or sensors; comparing the variable reference level for error detection with upper and/or limiting values; making a conclusion about an error in the case of a predeterminable exceeding of the upper and/or exceeding of the lower limiting value by the actual reference level; and forming at least one limiting value in dependence on preceding reference values.

Abstract: A method is provided for detecting a small or gross leak in an evaporative emission control system of an automotive vehicle. The method includes initially purging and then sealing the evaporative emission control system. A vacuum switch coupled to the evaporative emission control system is then monitored for an opening event caused by a loss of a natural vacuum created in the evaporative emission control system. If said opening event is detected, the method determines if a leak check timer has exceeded a first or second predetermined threshold value. If the leak check timer has not exceeded said first predetermined threshold value a first fault code is set indicating that the small leak has been detected. If the leak check timer has not exceeded the second predetermined threshold value, a second fault code is set indicating that the small gross leak has been detected. The first threshold value corresponds to an amount of time required for a leak to be detected having a diameter of about 0.

Abstract: A viscometer for sensing or characterizing the stress required to shear a fluid at a given rate includes a pair of members coaxially mounted for relative rotation. Between the members is an annular gap defining a flow path for the fluid. The flow path is configured such that during differential rotation of the members, fluid is caused to flow through the annular gap that is a function of the differential rotation and the viscosity of the fluid. A sensor measures the torque or torque equivalent required to achieve such differential rotation between the members.

Abstract: The invention concerns a device (1) for the measurement of speeds and torques and for the simulation of driving conditions on a driven shaft (3) for a motor vehicle with a driveshaft (4) and at least one electrical machine (31), having a rotor (5) and a stator (6), whose rotor shaft (7) is mechanically connected with the driveshaft (4) and which is mechanically coupled via a detachable connection with the driven shaft (3) for the motor vehicle wheel so that they rotate together.

Abstract: A measuring vessel has cavity-defining wall structures and at least one ramp which rises from about the bottom of the wall structure toward the top of the wall structure. The at least one ramp has an upwardly directed surface with a lateral inner edge integral with portions of the wall structure below the ramp and a lateral outer edge integral with portions of the wall structure below the ramp. Indicia on the upwardly directed surface of the at least one ramp allows a user to look downwardly into the measuring vessel to visually detect the volume level of the contents in the vessel, thereby eliminating the need to look horizontally at the vessel at eye level. Preferably the vessel has two ramps, with at least one bearing indicia of standard English units, and another bearing indicia of metric units.

Abstract: A structure and arrangement for improving the accuracy and efficiency of an angular rate sensing gyroscope is herein disclosed. Voltage pick-off conductors are applied to an area of the surface of a resonating element of an angular rate sensing gyroscope that is subject to substantially zero stress when the gyroscope is rotationally stationary. Actuator conductors are similarly applied to a resonating element at a location bounded by areas of the resonating element subject to substantially uniform levels of stress when the gyroscope is rotationally stationary. A method for improving the voltage response of a piezoelectric resonating element is also disclosed.

Abstract: A high sensitivity, Z-axis, capacitive microaccelerometer having stiff sense/feedback electrodes and a method of its manufacture on a single-side of a semiconductor wafer are provided. The microaccelerometer is manufactured out of a single silicon wafer and has a silicon-wafer-thick proof mass, small and controllable damping, large capacitance variation and can be operated in a force-rebalanced control loop. One of the electrodes moves with the proof mass relative to the other electrode which is fixed. The multiple, stiffened electrodes have embedded therein damping holes to facilitate force-rebalanced operation of the device and to control the damping factor. Using the whole silicon wafer to form the thick large proof mass and using thin sacrificial layers to form narrow uniform capacitor air gaps over large areas provide large capacitance sensitivity. The manufacturing process is simple and thus results in low cost and high yield manufacturing.

Abstract: A triaxial sensor substrate is adapted for use in measuring the acceleration and angular rate of a moving body along three orthogonal axes. The triaxial sensor substrate includes three individual sensors that are arranged in the plane of the substrate at an angle of 120 degrees with respect to one another. Each sensor is formed from two accelerometers having their sensing axes canted at an angle with respect to the plane of the substrate and further being directed in opposite directions. The rate sensing axes thus lie along three orthogonal axes.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for monitoring an angular displacement, such as angle position and the direction of displacement. The method and apparatus includes at least one resonator placed in proximity to a electrodynamic profile and exciting within said resonator an alternating electromagnetic field. The electromagnetic field should be at a frequency at which the electromagnetic field contacts the electrodynamic profile and then variations of the electromagnetic field parameters are measured for the resonator caused by rotating the electrodynamic profile. Excitation of the resonator is by an electromagnetic field in the form of at least one slowed electromagnetic wave having a suitable energy distribution of the electric and magnetic fields for measuring the electromagnetic field parameters.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting change in the foam forming characteristic of an input stream of an aqueous solution which continuously samples the input stream by taking a series of discrete, independent measurements. A sample of the input stream is collected, analyzed, then discarded. The collect-analyze-discard cycle is repeated. The apparatus relies on an acoustic sensor to measure foam height within a column. This allows the column containing the foam to be fabricated from any material, including durable plastics. A sample of the input stream is introduced into the apparatus. The sample is then aerated by a aeration stone to produce foam. The height of the column of foam produced is then measured using the acoustic sensor. The sample is then discarded and the process repeated. The height of the foam column is correlated with the concentration of foam forming chemical.

Abstract: A transmitter of audible sound waves is disposed at one end of a communicating hole of a cast molded article such as a cylinder block, and a receiver of audible sound waves is disposed at the other end of the communicating hole. The quality of the communicating hole is determined by receiving audible sound waves from a transmitter which have passed through the communicating hole and computing and processing a frequency spectrum of the received audible sound waves based on a reference frequency spectrum.