Abstract: Knitted netting is applied to products in a machine. A chute receives products serially through a receiving end, as from a conveyor, and discharges them serially into netting preferably rucked on the chute. As each product arrives at the product receiver, voiders operate to form a rope section of the netting behind the product, at the chute's discharge end. The clipper also clips the netting, to complete the netting of the product, and clips to create the starting end of the next netted product. A netting handle former operates to loop the rope section behind the product, before clipping, to form a looped handle for a product in the rope section of the netting. The netting that is clipped behind the products is the netting formed into the loops, and thus, the clips that are put on by the clipper secure the loops in their size and condition.

Abstract: A magazine bar having an entry and an exit for guiding a line of clips from a clip supply arranged above a separating window of a closure apparatus to the substantially vertically arranged separating window. The magazine bar has a first deflection configuration such that the line of clips can be introduced into the entry from below. A further embodiment is a clip feed arrangement having such a magazine bar.

Abstract: A beverage bottle closing apparatus configured to close beverage bottles in a beverage bottling plant. The abstract of the disclosure is submitted herewith as required by 37 C.F.R. §1.72(b). As stated in 37 C.F.R. §1.72(b): A brief abstract of the technical disclosure in the specification must commence on a separate sheet, preferably following the claims, under the heading “Abstract of the Disclosure.” The purpose of the abstract is to enable the Patent and Trademark Office and the public generally to determine quickly from a cursory inspection the nature and gist of the technical disclosure. The abstract shall not be used for interpreting the scope of the claims. Therefore, any statements made relating to the abstract are not intended to limit the claims in any manner and should not be interpreted as limiting the claims in any manner.

Abstract: A packaging system utilizes two sides of a loading carousel, which reduces both the height and footprint of the packaging system. Mass and inertia are also reduced, allowing higher operational speeds. The loading carousel receives opened cartons on a first side and lowers them over product groups on a second side.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device and a method for separating film layers (8), which consist of different materials and are joined together in an air-thigh manner by adhesion, a material bond or similar forms of bonding, in a simple manner. In this case, separation means that only one respective layer (18) is pierced and raised by rotation by means of a screw-type thread (16), allowing a gaseous medium, (e.g. air) or liquid medium, (e.g. water) to be introduced into the gap that has been created between said layer and the second film layer (17). The method and the device are characterised in that they are simple and can be applied in any position on the film workpieces. No additional openings, distances, valves or similar in the films therefore need to be considered and no prior material treatment, (introduction of separation elements) is required in order to subsequently fill bags that are produced in this manner.

Abstract: The invention is an under-filled cushion detector that is capable of conveying a string of packaging cushions and detecting whether the string of packaging cushions may be under-filled. The detector includes an upper driven belt that is movably suspended above a lower belt. The belts cooperate together to define a longitudinal cushion pathway between the belts. The distance between the upper and lower belts may vary depending upon the thickness of the string of packaging cushions. If a string of under-filled cushions travels between the upper and lower belts, the upper belt can move downwardly in the direction of the lower belt. A switch stops the upper and lower belts if the height of the cushion pathway decreases below a predetermined threshold. The detector can be used in a system for manufacturing and transporting packaging cushions to a desired location.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a machine for converting a web of preformed pouches to dunnage units. The pouches are defined by transverse seals that extend from a remote edge to within a predetermined distance of an inflation edge. In a first embodiment, the machine includes a guide pin, a drive, a blower, and a sealing element. The guide pin is insertable between the transverse seals and the inflation edge. The guide pin defines a path of travel of the web. The drive moves the web along the path of travel. The blower is positioned with respect to the path of travel for inflating the preformed pouches. The sealing element is positioned to provide a longitudinal seal that intersects the transverse seals to close the preformed pouches and form inflated dunnage units. The disclosed examples of machines for converting a web of preformed pouches to dunnage units including various improvements to existing machines.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for packaging a thick but malleable frozen dessert and for dispensing it under pressure in the expanded state. According to this method the product is placed in the semi-frozen state and containing a soluble gas uniformly distributed in its mass in a container and a propellant gas which is substantially insoluble in the said product is chosen; the product is dispensed by opening the dispensing member, the said product being expanded to the degree determined during filling by expansion of the expansion gas, which is dissolved therein.

Abstract: This invention refers to a modular vending machine, of the type dispensing cold or not cold packaged edible items. The machine is made up of a central module integrating a controller, touch screen interface, cash and/or electronic payment components, Internet connection and dispensed product collection tray, this module being provided with side openings through which the dispensed products access the collection tray from several side modules having superimposed trays with product placement channels. Each channel has a transverse product conveyor belt and an anti-blockage ram. Each module has a single reversible regulated stepper motor. The collection tray of the central module incorporates an electrically locking gate that unlocks only at the time of product collection.

Abstract: A pattern former for assembling wrapped bakery products into predetermined patterns includes a vacuum turntable. A first transfer apparatus moves groups of wrapped bakery products onto the vacuum turntable and a second transfer apparatus moves assembled patterns of wrapped bakery products from the vacuum turntable into bakery trays. A bakery tray loading system receives unfilled bakery trays and sequentially delivers unfilled bakery trays to a bakery tray loading station adjacent to the vacuum turntable. A conveyor assembly within the bakery tray loading station supports the bakery tray while being filled and thereafter conveys the loaded bakery tray onto an out-feed conveyor for further processing.

Abstract: A process is described for the zero emission storage of sulphur, using a storage tank made up of one or more levels, characterized in that said storage tank, having an impermeable bottom, essentially consists of reinforced EPS (expanded polystyrene) panels.

Abstract: An envelope insertion station having a plurality of actuating arms affixed to a rotatable shaft and a plurality of fingers pivotably mounted on the actuating arms for opening the throat of an envelope placed at an insertion area. The actuating arms are movable from a first position to a second position and then to a third position. When the actuating arms are in the first position, the fingers are freely pivotable so as to allow the envelope to be moved into the insertion area. When the actuating arms are in the second position, the fingers are caused to move along a defined path into the throat of the envelope placed at the insertion area. When the actuating arms are in the third position, the fingers are freely pivotable so as to allow enclosure material to move into the envelope through the throat.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method are disclosed for condensing, separating and storing recyclable materials. The apparatus, in one embodiment, selects a type of recyclable material, alters the recyclable material to a condensed form and stores the recyclable material in a designated receptacle. The apparatus may include an enclosure with one or more openings to receive an item made from a recyclable material, a selection module, a plurality of form altering modules, a plurality of receptacles, and a director module to automatically direct a recyclable material, responsive to a selection made with the selection module, to one of a plurality of receptacles according to the type of material selected. A system, in one embodiment, includes a recycling appliance and one or more modular form altering devices. The modular form altering devices may be interchangeable.

Abstract: A packaging device includes a film fitting mechanism, a film shrinking mechanism and a controller. The film fitting mechanism fits a tubular heat shrinkage film over a film cylinder and moves the film a distance along the cylinder and cuts a length of the film off. The length of the film is then conveyed to the film shrinking mechanism. The film shrinking mechanism is arranged next to the film fitting mechanism and includes a base for supporting an article to be packed with the film that is cut by the film fitting mechanism and heating units for supplying high temperature air flows to the film thereby making the film shrink and tightly wrap over the article. The controller controls and coordinates the operations between the film fitting mechanism and the film shrinking mechanism.

Abstract: A variable stretch horse blanket 13, shown in FIG. 3, of the type comprising either a single layer body of specialized, breathable and stretchable fabric 10, 11, or its alternative comprising a single layer body comprised of a plurality of permanently attached specially sized, paired, and positioned sections of specialized, breathable and stretchable fabric 76 through 106, as depicted in FIG. 8, with neck fastening means 24, 26, belly strap fastening means 54, 55, leg fastening assemblies 51, 53 and a supple reinforced portion 22. The specialized, breathable and stretchable fabric 10,11 or its alternative 76 through 106 can be manufactured to permit either a dominant two-way stretch as depicted by one of twelve representative vector arrows 25, or variable dominant stretching in a plurality of directions as depicted by one of a multiplicity of vector arrows 108 shown in FIG. 8.

Abstract: A horse rug according to the present disclosure provides one or more flex control extender inserts for animal accessories permitting the accessory to flex with the animal while conforming to the animal. In a horse rug or blanket, stable blanket, turnout cover or other named horse cover, the flex control extenders may be used along the neck opening at the withers and or at the shoulders or any suitable combination. A horse rug according to the present disclosure may be suitable for use in rugs or blankets with or without neck hoods.

Abstract: A spur system including a body having arms adapted to extend on either side of a heel of a footwear, such as a boot. A nib is pivotally coupled to the body, and selectively moveable between an activated and an unactivated position.

Abstract: A dust collection unit for a vacuum cleaner includes a dust collection container for collecting foreign objects contained in air introduced therein, covers defining a top and bottom of the dust collection container, and a filter-cleaning unit having a plurality of brushes rotating around the porous filter unit to remove the foreign objects clogging the outer surface of the porous filter unit.

Abstract: A vacuum cleaner includes a main body accommodating therein an electric blower and a dust-removal driving body; and a filter unit including a frame body where a filter for collecting dust particles is installed and a dust removing plate provided at a downstream side of the filter, one end of the dust removing plate being fixed at the frame body. The other end of the dust removing plate is struck in an air flow direction by means related with driving the dust-removal driving body, thereby transmitting an impact on the frame body with a repulsive force thereof.

Abstract: To provide a mist removing apparatus capable of improving mist-removing efficiency and to contribute to size reduction, weight reduction, and cost reduction in spite of a simple configuration. Air drawn in from an inlet and including oil mist is centrifugally accelerated by an air blower, passes toward a mist capture chamber at high speed. In the mist capture chamber, while the air passes through a bag-shaped non-woven fabric, the oil mist moves along an axis direction of the bag-shaped non-woven fabric toward a bottom by the inertial force and the gravity thereof. Therefore, oil mist results in being further removed from air blown on a filter wall portion on its way in an air passage along the axis direction of the bag-shaped non-woven fabric. Oil mist still remaining in the air blown on the filter wall portion is filtered by the filter wall portion as well. Therefore, the cleaned air is discharged from the filter wall portion.

Abstract: An example presentation apparatus comprises a cabinet-like base and a surface coupled to the cabinet-like base and configured to hold an object. The cabinet-like base and the surface are configured to cooperate finctionally with a finction of the object. A portion of an air processing apparatus is disposed within the cabinet-like base and configured to move ambient air through the cabinet-like base to generate processed air. An exhaust structure is operatively coupled to the cabinet-like base and configured to enable the processed air to exit the presentation apparatus via a flow path that is spatially associated with a substantially predetermined position of the object.

Abstract: A cyclonic separation device for a vacuum cleaner including a cylindrical housing, an inlet tube parallel to the axis of the housing having a vortex vane disposed axially in the inlet tube. Air rotates in one direction in the inlet tube, and preferably in the opposite direction in the housing. The housing includes a cylindrical sidewall with an upper central outlet tube and a closed bottom for collecting separated dirt. A disrupter ring located on the inside wall of the middle portion of the housing includes a curved surface and sharp edge for lifting air flow off the housing wall. An outlet tube disc spaced from the inlet of the outlet tube is located in the housing below the disrupter ring.

Abstract: A fan coil media cabinet for use with a fan coil unit. The cabinet includes an open-sided inner liner having co-joined top, bottom, back, and front panels. The inner panel is mounted within an outer shell having top, bottom, and back walls that are located adjacent to the top, bottom, and back walls of the outer shell. The outer shell contains a ledge that extends about the inner periphery of the shelf upon which the inner liner is seated. The width of the outer shell walls is greater than that of the inner liner panels so that the walls extend outwardly to one side beyond the inner liner. In assembly, the extended wall sections of the outer shell are mounted in contiguous relation with the return inlet of the fan coil and are fastened thereto to create a rigid structure.

Abstract: A high-efficiency filter for removing or collecting trace levels of chemical compounds includes a randomly oriented glass substrate, a primer coating and a carbon coating. The present filter is operable to sample or remove chemical compounds from the air with a high volumetric capacity while maintaining a low pressure drop across the filter substrate. A method for making the present filter includes providing a glass substrate with randomly oriented glass fibers which is treated to remove any glue or other substances; the substrate is then coated with a primer including polydimethylsiloxane; and the primed substrate is then coated with a carbonaceous compound including polydimethylsiloxane.

Abstract: A contaminant-removal filter for removing acidic contaminants from a gas stream, such as air. The filter has a porous or fibrous body that includes a plurality of passages extending from a first, inlet face to a second, outlet face, the passages providing flow paths. The body has a base or alkaline material, such as potassium carbonate, and a promoter, such as potassium iodide, impregnated throughout the substrate. The filter is free of any humectants.

Abstract: A contaminant-removal filter for removing basic contaminants from a gas stream, such as air. The filter has a porous or fibrous body that includes a plurality of passages extending from a first, inlet face to a second, outlet face, the passages providing flow paths. The body has an acidic material, such as citric acid, and at least one of a preservative and a stabilizer impregnated throughout the substrate. The filter is free of any humectants.

Abstract: A stone detection system of a harvester that automatically changes its sensitivity to signals from a stone sensor in response to the type of harvesting equipment connected to the harvester is provided. The stone detection system generally includes a stone sensor, a header sensor and a microprocessor. The stone sensor is configured to generate a signal indicative of the presence of a stone in the crop harvesting system. The header sensor is disposed on the crop harvesting system to sense the header type and to generate a signal indicating the header type. The microprocessor is coupled to the stone sensor and the header sensor to process the stone sensor signal based at least in part upon the header sensor signal.

Abstract: An interlock circuit on a mowing vehicle or tractor deactivates the engine if a signal from a single backup sensor is interrupted. The mowing vehicle or tractor has an engine, an electric power source to provide electric current to a magneto and an ignition, a transmission connected to the engine and having forward, neutral and reverse operations, a controllable tool drive (PTO) connected to the engine for powering an accessory, and a single backup sensor to provide a signal if no object is detected behind the vehicle. A reverse sensing switch is movable between a first position if the transmission is in forward or neutral, and a second position if the transmission is in reverse. A PTO switch is movable between an on condition for activating the PTO and an off position for deactivating the PTO.

Abstract: A mowing machine having a lock mechanism for locking the engagement of a clutch mechanism is disclosed. By a two-motion control operation of operating a clutch lever and then operating a lock lever of a lock mechanism, a locking state of the lock mechanism is released. This releasing of the locking mechanism immediately causes the clutch mechanism to engage, so that there is almost no half-clutch state.

Abstract: A riding lawn mower comprises, a plurality of front wheels and a plurality of rear wheels; a vehicle body supported by the front wheels and the rear wheels, and supporting a driver's seat; an engine disposed in a rear position of the vehicle body; a hood housing the engine; a mower unit suspendible from the vehicle body; and a grass catcher for collecting grass clippings from the mower unit. The grass catcher includes a left side container portion; a right side container portion; and a center container portion communicating with the left and right side container portions in upper positions of the left and right side container portions, and having a planar bottom.

Abstract: A lawn mower includes a grass bag for collecting cut grass, which is attached to a rear wall of a cutter housing of the lawn mower. The rear wall includes an exit that communicates the grass bag with a cut grass carrying passage formed in the cutter housing, and a plurality of internal pressure control holes formed proximately to the exit. When a grass cutting operation continues, cut grass is accumulated in the grass bag, causing the internal pressure of the bag to rise. By virtue of the control holes, rise of the internal pressure is restrained.

Abstract: A lawn mower having upper and lower cutter blades in a cutter housing is provided. The blades are disposed with a phase difference such that upper blade edge parts of the upper cutter blade are advanced forward with respect to lower blade edges of the lower cutter blade in the rotation direction, whereby interference of the upper cutter blade with the air-lifting parts of the lower cutter blade is avoided, and the noise produced by the rotation of the upper and lower cutter blades is reduced.

Abstract: A front attachment for a self-propelled harvesting machine has at least one working member, and a cutting table with at least two cutter bar sections each driven by at least one cutting knife train, at least one working member couples the cutting knife drive trains with each other.

Abstract: A lawn mower having a cutter housing for receiving a cutter blade for cutting grass. To make the manufacture of molds easy, the cutter housing is divided into three members: a housing proper for receiving the cutter blade, a bottom member for forming a cut grass carrying passage, and a scroll guide member for forming a portion of a scroll part. The bottom member engages with the housing proper and the scroll guide member. The scroll guide member is co-fastened to the housing proper with an engine. As a result, molds needed for making the cutter housing can be made simple and the assembly of the lawn mower made easy.

Abstract: A lawn mower having a cutter housing made of a synthetic resin. The cutter housing has side guard parts provided on left and right peripheries of a scroll part. Each side guard part has a hollow reinforcing part. The hollow reinforcing part is made up of a side wall of the scroll part, an approximately horizontal guard wall formed on the side wall, and a connecting rib connecting together the guard wall and the side wall. The reinforcing part makes the cutter housing resistant to impacts from the sides and to bending with respect to its length direction.

Abstract: A yarn quality assurance method and a yarn processing machine set up for implementing the method according to the invention is proposed comprising at least one feeding spool receiver 24, 30 set up to receive respectively at least one feeding spool 20, 29 from which yarns can be taken off, and a multifilament yarn manufacturing unit 5 to which yarns are supplied from the feeding spools 20, 29 via thread runs with respectively one thread tension. According to the invention, a thread tension regulating module 25 with a thread tension sensor is arranged in at least one controlled thread run 1 between the relevant feeding spool receiver 24 and the multifilament yarn manufacturing unit 5, wherein the thread tension regulating module 25 is set up to derive a control value from a thread tension measured by the thread tension sensor and to keep the thread tension constant in a predetermined thread tension range.

Abstract: The invention relates to a multi-device false-twisting machine, which is specially designed for the in-line preparation of threads (by means of false-twisting), immediately before said threads enter the needle(s) of any type of weaving loom, knitting machine, etc. for technical and textile yarns. Moreover, the inventive machine is specially designed to house multiple false-twisting devices, such that each device forces the thread(s) passing there through to be provisionally twisted, by means of false twisting, a determined number of turns/metre along the path thereof towards the needle of the weaving loom, knitting machine, etc. The invention is mainly characterised in that, by forming the false twist in the aforementioned manner, the regularity of the yam is increased, thereby preventing many later potential problems in the final receiver (weaving loom, knitting machine, etc.).

Abstract: Method for the production of elongated elements (1; 9; 13; 15) for making jewels, comprising the steps of: (a) providing a longitudinally hollow covering (2; 10) and a core (3; 7; 111, 112) placed within the covering (2; 10) and extending at crosswise opposite longitudinal edges of the covering (2; 10) and by the core (3; 7; 111, 112) to a pressing carried out at said longitudinal edges of the covering (2; 10).

Abstract: Disclosed is a structural frame for a gas turbine engine comprising an integral fluid reservoir and air/fluid heat exchanger. A central hub includes a reservoir for storing a fluid and an outer rim circumscribes the hub. A heat exchanger is fluidly coupled to the reservoir and is in simultaneous communication with the fluid and an air stream.

Abstract: New [GerTh. I] & [DawShien. II] dual-plasma jet thrusters provide the electric start system to start their warm-up processes, automatically. After their warm-up processes done and the operation temperatures reached, the [GerTh. I] & [DawShien. II] dual-plasma jet thrusters will run through themselves, independently by continuously supplying fuels and moisture into the units. Electrical power will be generated from the only [GerTh. I] jet thruster's fuel cell ([GOD, I] fuel cell) by thermal-plasmas reaction and then, its [GOD, I] fuel cell's fuel supplies are transformed from molecular forms into atomized and ionized forms by plasmas combustion heating, stepwise. When dual plasmas are ejected through the ‘C’ shaped magnet's opening sides, linear thrust is generated according to the right hand rule. Thereafter, the combustion and neutralization are conducted also with the same electric thrust direction for propelling the object in the same linear guided motion.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for cooling a fluid in a bypass gas turbine engine involves directing the fluid to the bypass duct of the engine to allow for heat exchange from the fluid to bypass air passing through the bypass air duct.

Abstract: A device is provided which can serve one or more of the multiple functions of impeding rotation of a shaft de-coupled turbine rotor, selectively impeding rotation of a first spool of the engine, for example to permit a second spool to generate power for use in ground operation, and facilitating reduced aircraft ground speed.

Abstract: An aircraft accessory system includes an aircraft engine powered direct air turbine driven accessory and an air turbine drivingly directly connected by an air turbine shaft to the accessory. The air turbine includes a variable geometry turbine nozzle in selectable direct flow communication with at least two compressed engine air sources. The two compressed engine air sources may be an HPC interstage bleed and an HPC compressor discharge stage bleed. The variable geometry turbine nozzle may be in selectable direct flow communication with a third compressed engine air source such as a bypass duct or an engine inlet duct. The air turbine includes a turbine exit which may be in selectable direct flow communication with at least two relatively lower pressure engine air sinks. The air sinks may be located in the aft end of a bypass duct and in a divergent section of the exhaust nozzle.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine having a longitudinal centerline axis therethrough, including: a fan section at a forward end of the gas turbine engine including at least a first fan blade row connected to a first drive shaft; a booster compressor positioned downstream of the fan section, the booster compressor including a first compressor blade row and a second compressor blade row connected to a second drive shaft and interdigitated with the first compressor blade row; and, a pulse detonation system for powering the first and second drive shafts. The pulse detonation system powers only the second drive shaft during a first designated condition of the gas turbine engine and both the first drive shaft and the second drive shaft during a second designated condition of the gas turbine engine. The first and second drive shafts are powered independently of each other by the pulse detonation system.

Abstract: A manual release mechanism for a thrust reverser actuation system electromechanical brake includes a first release plate, a second release plate, at least two balls, and a handle. The first and second release plates each have grooves formed therein that have a cam surface located at a predetermined angle. The release plates face one another such that the grooves in each plate are substantially aligned, and the balls are each positioned in the aligned grooves. The first release plate is configured to rotate, and the second release plate is configured to translate. The handle is coupled to the first release plate to allow manual rotation thereof. In response to rotation of the first release plate, the second release plate will translate and disengage the electromechanical brake.

Abstract: A vectorable nozzle includes a longitudinally extending upper fixed wall spaced upwardly and aftwardly of a longitudinally extending lower fixed wall and an aftwardly swept fixed ramp extending between the upper and lower fixed walls. The upper and lower fixed walls and the fixed ramp extend transversely between first and second fixed sidewalls. An outer nozzle wall is spaced apart from the upper and lower fixed walls and extends transversely between first and second fixed sidewalls. A nozzle flowpath is defined between the upper and lower fixed walls and the outer nozzle wall and the first and second fixed sidewalls. A sideways pivotable ramp structure pivotally connected to the lower fixed wall and pivotable between the sidewalls includes a longitudinally extending upper pivotable wall spaced upwardly and aftwardly of a longitudinally extending lower pivotable wall and an aftwardly swept pivotable ramp extending between the upper and lower pivotable walls.

Abstract: This system for assisting regeneration of a storage/release NOx trap integrated into an exhaust system (5) of a motor vehicle diesel engine (4) is characterized in that it includes means (11) for injecting fuel into the cylinders of the engine (4) in the form of pilot injections and main injections and means (12) for controlling the injection means (11) to switch the engine (4) periodically from a standard mode of operation using a lean mixture and pilot injection and main injection, in which NOx are stored in the trap (6), to a regeneration mode of operation using a rich mixture, with at least two pilot or main injections depending on the engine load, in which NOx, are released from the trap (6) and the trap is regenerated.

Abstract: An engine control system and method maintains an optimum exhaust fuel to air ratio in an internal combustion engine. A secondary air injection (SAI) pressure is measured in an SAI system. The SAI pressure measurement is converted into an SAI flow value. A fuel compensation value is obtained based on the SAI flow value. Fuel delivery is compensated to the engine based on the fuel compensation value. In a second embodiment, the fuel compensation value is obtained based on the SAI pressure measurement. Fuel delivery is compensated to the engine based on the fuel compensation value. In a third embodiment, a primary flow value is calculated at an air intake of the engine. A fuel compensation value is calculated based on the SAI flow and primary flow values. Fuel delivery to the engine is compensated based on the fuel compensation value.

Abstract: A method of operating an internal combustion engine includes operating the engine in a first combustion mode. The method also includes switching operation of the engine to a second combustion mode. The method includes directing an exhaust stream of the engine into contact with a NOx adsorber substantially only during the operation in the second combustion mode.

Abstract: An engine exhaust treatment system using a control system is described. In one form of the present invention, engine exhaust gas contaminates are passed through a selective reduction catalyst and a contaminate reducing agent is injected into the catalyst. The amount of contaminates present in the exhaust proximate to the selective reduction catalyst are sensed using at least one sensor. In one embodiment, input signals are sent to a control system from the sensor or sensors and a feedforward control combined with a feedback loop is used to transform these signals and a predetermined catalyst output contaminate value into an output signal. The output signal instructs a provider to inject contaminate reducing agents in a manner to efficiently track the desired predetermined catalyst output contaminate value.