Abstract: One aspect of the invention relates to a NOx trapping device for a vehicle exhaust system having a plurality of NOx adsorbers. The device has a mobile framework configured to hold the NOx adsorbers and move them in sequence through a plurality of positions. A manifold channels exhaust to one or more of the NOx adsorber positions. The mobile framework is adapted to move the NOx adsorbers in and out of position to receive the exhaust. The adsorbers can be regenerated while they are not receiving any exhaust. The invention facilitates the use of multiple NOx adsorbers in an exhaust system, particularly the use of more than two adsorbers. The invention avoids complex exhaust valving, which is normally associated with multiple adsorber systems. In one embodiment, treated exhaust and exhaust from an adsorber undergoing regeneration are combined and supplied to an SCR reactor or an oxidation catalyst.

Abstract: An exhaust emissions control system includes a valve in an exhaust stream portion of a mainstream exhaust ahead of an aftertreatment element such as a catalytic converter. The valve controls the amount of exhaust flowing into a hydrocarbon reformer. A bi-directional acoustical air meter in the exhaust stream portion ahead of the reformer measures the velocity of the exhaust stream portion, and a computer determines the amount of combustion needed in the converter at all times, adjusts the amount of hydrocarbon fuel provided to the reformer, and adjusts the position of the valve to provide the optimum amount of exhaust gas flow into the reformer to achieve a desired temperature in the converter.

Abstract: A filter is arranged in an exhaust passage of an engine. The filter supports a catalyst. An accumulating amount estimating means detects differential pressure of the filter to estimate an amount of soot accumulating on the filter. An oxidizing condition detecting means detects an oxidizing condition of soot accumulating on the filter. A forcible oxidizing means increases temperature of the filter more than oxidizing temperature of soot for forcibly oxidizing soot accumulating in the vicinity of the catalyst of the filter. When the oxidizing condition detecting means detects a condition, in which soot accumulating on the filter is only partially oxidized, the accumulating amount estimating means estimates the amount of soot accumulating on the filter after oxidizing soot accumulating in the vicinity of the catalyst using the forcible oxidizing means.

Abstract: A particulate matter deposit amount accumulated in a diesel particulate filter (4) is calculated as a first particulate matter deposit amount from a pressure loss of the filter (4) (S33). The particulate matter deposit amount accumulated in the filter (4) is calculated as a second particulate matter deposit amount from another parameter (S34). It is determined whether or not there is front end blockage of the filter (4) based on a comparison between the first particulate matter deposit amount and second particulate matter deposit amount (S36, S43). When there is a front end blockage of the filter (4), the regeneration device is controlled to perform regeneration of the filter (4) for a longer period than the normal regeneration period of the filter (4) (S22).

Abstract: An exhaust flap housing in which an exhaust flap can be disposed comprises at least one stop element for defining end positions of the pivotable exhaust flap. To simplify the production, the stop element is preferably produced by remodeling and thus forms part of the exhaust flap housing.

Abstract: A method of flowing hydraulic fluid in a work machine is disclosed. The method includes generating a control signal from an input mechanism and generating a property signal indicative of a viscosity of the hydraulic fluid. The control signal and the property signal are received at a control module. The method also includes determining a desired volume flow rate for the control signal and determining a valve control signal required to achieve the desired volume flow rate for the control signal. The valve control signal is based upon the property signal. The valve control signal is output to a proportional valve to provide the desired volume flow rate through the valve for the command signal.

Abstract: A protection system is provided for a work machine with a power source. At least one sensor is configured to monitor a fluid parameter of a work machine system external to the power source. The sensor is further configured to produce a signal indicative of a value of the fluid parameter. The component protection system has a control module in communication with the at least one sensor, the control module being configured to derate a power source output base upon the value of the fluid parameter.

Abstract: A flywheel housing 13 is partitioned by a partition wall 14 disposed at an intermediate position in the lengthwise direction thereof to form a pair of housing portions in which a flywheel 13 is accommodated in one housing portion 13X, and an HST unit that receives power from the flywheel is installed in the other housing portion 13Y, the HST unit 5 comprising an oil hydraulic motor 9, an oil hydraulic pump 10, an oil hydraulic circuit block 17 containing an oil hydraulic circuit therein and supporting one end of an oil hydraulic motor shaft and one end of an oil hydraulic pump shaft, and a cover housing 18 secured to the oil hydraulic circuit block to cover the oil hydraulic motor and the oil hydraulic pump and support the other end of the oil hydraulic motor shaft and the other end of the oil hydraulic pump shaft; the oil hydraulic circuit block 17 being secured to the flywheel housing.

Abstract: A hydraulic control for a longwall support with a plurality of face support frameworks (1-3), which are adapted to be actuated in the sense of longwall support functions, in particular in the sense of the longwall support operations: robbing, advancing, and setting, comprises hydraulic control valves (8, 9) for each of the biasing elements, which are each arranged in close spatial relationship with the biasing elements, and subdivided into groups. Each group connects to a hydraulic pressure line (16), which extends over the longwall length of a plurality of face support frameworks, via a group connection line (18), which can be blocked by a group stop valve (20) as a function of the actuation of the control valves, specifically, when all control valves are not actuated and all biasing elements of the group are in a static state.

Abstract: A sealed-shaft gravity-buoyancy energy system and method of use thereof, wherein a wheel is powered by ball masses which fall under gravitational force, thereby causing the wheel to rotate. The ball masses are collected and inserted into a fluid shaft, wherein the fluid shaft comprises at least two separate columns having valves at the ends thereof to provide a sealing function, thereby preventing fluid loss. Buoyant force raises the ball masses to the top of the device, wherein the ball masses are deposited once again onto the wheel. A generator or other device utilizes the rotational force of the wheel to create energy.

Abstract: An exhaust turbocharger with a housing, a compressor arranged in a compressor space and an exhaust turbine is arranged in a turbine space, whereby an exhaust line from the turbine outlet is connected to a low-pressure side of the compressor space via an exhaust recirculation line which extends through the housing and is designed largely in a spiral form in the housing. The recirculated exhaust gas flow arrangements improve the dynamics by providing higher turbocharger rotational speeds in the partial load range due to the production of a pre-twist by the exhaust recirculation stream.

Abstract: A turbocharger system includes first and second turbines arranged such that exhaust gas passes through the first turbine then the second turbine. A bypass channel is configured such that exhaust gas entering the channel passes only through the second turbine. A valve positioned in the bypass channel regulates the flow of gas therethrough. The valve accelerates a stream of gas and focuses the stream toward the second turbine such that a large part of the added velocity of the stream is preserved as it enters the second turbine. Operation of the valve may be controlled so as to maintain the valve in a closed position while exhaust gas pressure above the first turbine pressure is below a first threshold, to progressively open the valve as the pressure increases above the first threshold, and to maintain the valve in a full-open position while the pressure is above a second threshold.

Abstract: A more efficient multi-stage turbocharging system and method for internal combustion engine systems is set forth. The present invention recovers the loss of a portion of exhaust energy that conventionally occurs in bypassing exhaust flow from one stage to another in a multi-stage turbocharging system. The preferred method of preserving such exhaust energy is through converting a portion of the exhaust energy of the bypassed flow from pressure to kinetic energy (velocity) by passing the bypassed flow through a VGT vane outlet or other variable geometry valve/nozzle, and then not allowing the accelerated flow to dissipate energy before reaching the subsequent stage's turbine wheel, where the accelerated flow may then be converted to a mechanical rotational force by the lower pressure turbine's wheel.

Abstract: A method for providing the interaction of the working medium with the heat energy source and also the interaction of the working medium with the additional low-temperature energy source, wherein the positron state of the Dirac's matter is used as said additional low-temperature energy source, and the interaction of the working medium with the additional low-temperature energy source is performed by bringing the working medium into the quantum-mechanical resonance with said state of matter. That is, in order to convert the heat energy into useful work, the capabilities of the quantum-mechanical resonances of the system ‘working medium—additional low-temperature energy source’ are used, i.e. in this case capabilities of the system ‘working medium—positron state of the Dirac's matter’ are used.

Abstract: In the control of feedwater to the steam generator in a power plant comprising one steam generator and a plurality of turbine plants, the water level in the steam generator and the flow rate balance between the steam flow rate and the feedwater flow rate of each turbine plant will be stabilized. In the power plant comprising one steam generator and a plurality of turbine plants combined, the control in the feedwater controller of the first turbine plant (main turbine plant) is normal control, that is, to control the feedwater control valve through the use of detection signals from the steam generator level detecting unit, the main steam flow detecting unit and the feedwater flow detecting unit of the first turbine plant, and the control in the feedwater controller of the second turbine plant (duplicate turbine plant) is to control the feedwater control valve through the use of a detection signal from the condenser level detecting unit of the first turbine plant.

Abstract: A safety circuit for media-operated consumers, such as steam turbines or gas turbines, includes at least one first solenoid valve (1.1) which acts on a fluid circuit. An actuating device (9) can be connected to the fluid circuit, and acts at the same time on the operating behavior of the consumer. At least one other solenoid valve (1.2, 1.3) is connected at least to one of the other solenoid valves (1.1) such that only with simultaneous triggering of at least two solenoid valves (1.1, 1.2, 1.3) does at least one control valve (2.1), connected to the fluid circuit (10) act on the actuating device (9). Permanent verifiability can occur with simultaneous implementation of the safety function. A process for operating the safety circuit is also involved.

Abstract: An arc-electrolysis steam generator apparatus and method of use thereof, wherein the steam generator comprises an arc-plasma electrolysis process utilizing a high pressure vessel and electrodes exposed to high frequency, high energy pulses. An inductor is placed around an arc-electrolysis unit, wherein the inductor captures electromagnetic energy and a plasma effect that produces high electrical energy pulses generated by the plasma arc performing work against its own magnetic field; thereby, supplementing the steam energy recovered from water.

Abstract: An engine power extraction control system controls the main propulsion engines and the electrical machines that are coupled thereto to supply an appropriate amount of aircraft thrust and electrical energy to the aircraft. The engines and electrical machines are also controlled so that the propulsion thrust that is generated is split between the various turbines in the main propulsion engines to maintain an adequate surge margin and to minimize residual thrust generation.

Abstract: A method enables a gas turbine engine to be assembled. The method comprises coupling a fuel nozzle within the engine to inject fuel into the engine, wherein the fuel nozzle includes three independent injection circuits arranged such that the second injection circuit is between the first and third injection circuits, coupling a liquid fuel source to a first injection circuit defined within the nozzle and including an annular discharge opening, and coupling a water source to one of the second injection circuit and the third injection circuits such that the water source is coupled in flow communication to an annular discharge opening.

Abstract: A combustor comprises a liquid fuel nozzle for injecting liquid fuel to a combustion chamber, and an air supply nozzle disposed around the liquid fuel nozzle and injecting air. The air supply nozzle is disposed such that air is injected from the air supply nozzle in a direction toward an axis of the liquid fuel nozzle. A space is formed around an outlet of the liquid fuel nozzle, through which the liquid fuel is injected from the liquid fuel nozzle to the combustion chamber, upstream of a distal end of the outlet in a direction in which the liquid fuel is injected. Carbonaceous deposits on surrounding surfaces of the outlet of the liquid fuel nozzle can be suppressed regardless of the operating conditions of a combustor.

Abstract: A combustor liner for a gas turbine includes a body having a plurality of angled strips on an outside surface of the combustor liner. The plurality of angled strips are arranged in an array about the outside surface. A space is disposed between each of said plurality of angled strips so as to create vortices in a cooling air flowing in a longitudinal direction across said outside surface of said combustor liner. A method of fabricating a combustor liner includes forming a plurality of angled strips on an outside surface of the combustor liner and arranged in an array about the outside surface, each of the angled strips is disposed so as to be spaced apart to create vortices in a cooling air flowing across the outside surface of the combustor liner.

Abstract: A combustor for a gas turbine includes a combustor body having an aperture and a casing enclosing the combustor body and defining a passageway therebetween for carrying compressor discharge air. There is at least one injection tube for supplying an amount of the compressor discharge air into the combustor body and the injection tube is disposed between the aperture and through the casing. A collar is disposed at the passageway and surrounds the injection tube so that the injection tube passes through the collar. A gap is disposed between the collar and the injection tube. The collar has a plurality of openings. A method for quenching combustion in a gas turbine includes supplying a fixed amount of compressor discharge air into a body of a combustor of the gas turbine and supplying a variable amount of compressor discharge air into the body. The fixed amount of compressor discharge air is disposed concentrically around the variable amount of compressor discharge air.

Abstract: A heat shield for a gas turbine engine combustor includes an apparatus for providing a spiral flow to improve at least the cooling of the heat shield.

Abstract: A method of controlling a gas turbine system (10) may include controlling an inlet guide vane position (98) to maintain a turbine (24) exhaust temperature at a corrected value that is a function of a compressor (12) inlet temperature and a turbine (24) normalized load. The method may include selecting the minimum value (138) of a part load tunable value, a part load maximum value and a fixed maximum value of a turbine (24) exhaust temperature for the corrected value. A corrected value setpoint may be determined (94) for the gas turbine system (10) operating at a part load condition where at least one of a fuel flow rate and the inlet guide vane position is controlled (98) so the corrected value does not exceed the corrected value setpoint. The corrected value may prevent a turbine (24) engine from exceeding its firing temperature during operation and ensure the engine operates within combustor dynamics and emissions limits.

Abstract: A combined-cycle power plant, a steam thermal power plant, and a method for operating the power plant, which are capable of effectively utilizing raw fuel produced from medium- or small-scaled gas fields and oil fields. Raw fuel produced from a gas field is separated into a gas component and a liquid component by a separator. The gas component is burnt in a combustor of a gas turbine, and resulting motive power is converted to electricity by a power generator. The liquid component separated by the separator is burnt in a steam generator to generate steam that is supplied to a steam turbine. Resulting motive power of the steam turbine is converted to electricity by a power generator. Since the electricity generated by the power generators is AC power, the AC power is converted by a converter to DC power that is transferred from the vicinity of the gas field to a consuming area via a cable.

Abstract: An arrangement for controlling flow of fluid to a component of a gas turbine engine, the arrangement comprising: a conduit, coupled to a supply of fluid, for providing fluid to the component of the gas turbine engine; a magnetic valve for at least partially restricting the conduit and having a valve member with at least a first configuration in which the conduit is at least partially restricted and a second configuration in which the conduit is relatively open, wherein the configuration of the valve member is controlled by magnetic flux in a magnetic circuit which includes at least one member comprising ferromagnetic material, whereby the configuration is responsive to the temperature of the ferromagnetic material.

Abstract: A method of monitoring and controlling the combustion dynamics of a gas turbine engine system is provided. The system includes at least one gas turbine that includes at least one combustor can. The method includes receiving a signal from a gas turbine engine sensor that is indicative of combustion dynamics in at least one of the combustor cans, processing the received signal to determine a probability of lean blowout for at least one combustor can, and controlling the gas turbine engine system to facilitate reducing a probability of a lean blowout (LBO) event using the determined probability of lean blowout.

Abstract: One embodiment of the invention provides a turbine control system that adjusts the control thresholds of two-position valves, which provide propellant to the turbine, based on turbine load so as to compensate for increased turbine speed overshoot at low load and the increased turbine speed undershoot at high load. These two-position on-off modulated valves are used in a bang-bang (fully open or fully closed) regulation scheme to eliminate or minimize speed droop by using variable speed bounds implemented as a function of load.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine combustor includes an apparatus for directing air around the axis along which fuel is injected into the combustor to thereby improve the combustor.

Abstract: A gas turbine combustor has a combustion chamber into which fuel and air are supplied, wherein the fuel and the air are supplied into said combustion chamber as a plurality of coaxial jets.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for turbine overspeed protection, useful for steam and gas turbines, is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a spring-loaded rod held by a plurality of energized solenoids in an operating position any time the turbine's shaft rotational speed is less than a trip rotational speed set-point. When the rotational speed reaches the trip rotational speed set-point, both solenoids are de-energized and the spring-loaded rod moves to provide turbine trip. Increased reliability of the solenoids is provided by compressing the spring during the resetting of the rod with an additional electromechanical actuator and by using a plurality of solenoids, each of which is able to provide the force required to hold the spring in its compressed state.

Abstract: A method of operating a gas turbine engine is provided. The gas turbine engine includes at least one engine casing and at least one rotor assembly. The method includes directing airflow through a supply pipe and into a heat exchanger, lowering the temperature of the airflow in the heat exchanger, and directing the cooled airflow into the engine casing to cool the casing.

Abstract: A main engine electric start system for gas turbine propelled aircraft that employs a low-power AC electrical power system to serve as an independent grid to control the functions of induction-type dynamoelectric machines coupled to the main propulsion engines and APU as a starter or generator.

Abstract: A simplified floating collar mounting arrangement is provided comprising a collar mounted between spaced-apart mounting flanges. The arrangement offers reduced part count and simplicity, and therefore improves reliability.

Abstract: A simplified floating collar is provided comprising an collar with opposed flanges. The arrangement offers reduced cost, and simplicity, and therefore facilitates manufacturing.

Abstract: An auxiliary power unit for aircraft with a load compressor that delivers cabin air free of oil contamination by supporting a drive shaft for the load compressor with oil-free bearings and coupling the load compressor to a gearbox and power head for the auxiliary power unit through a synchronous magnetic torque coupling on an opposite side of the gearbox to which the power is mounted.

Abstract: An improved gas turbine engine combustor includes a planar region in which manufacturing tolerances are improved and thus cost of the combustor can be reduced.

Abstract: A refrigerator (1) has a housing (2, 14, 19), a cylindrical working chamber (15, 21), a cylindrical displacing member (11, 17), a gap (36, 38) which is located between the housing and the displacing member, a regenerator which is disposed inside the displacing member, and a device alternatingly supplying the working chamber with an effective high-pressure gas and an effective low-pressure gas. In order to overcome the disadvantages associated with gas streams occurring in the gap (36, 38), an additional regenerator (gap gas regenerator), (43) is assigned to the gap (36, 38).

Abstract: Bulk storage of natural gas or methane is facilitated by absorbing and storing the gas in a liquefied medium through the interaction of moderate pressure, low temperature and a solvent medium. Systems and processes are provided that facilitate the absorption of natural gas or methane into a liquid or liquid vapor medium for storage and transport, and back into a gas for delivery to market. In a preferred embodiment, the absorptive properties of ethane, propane and butane under moderate conditions of temperature and pressure (associated with a novel mixing process) are utilized to store natural gas or methane at more efficient levels of compressed volume ratio than are attainable with natural gas alone under similar holding conditions. The preferred mixing process efficiently combines natural gas or methane with a solvent medium such as liquid ethane, propane, butane, or other suitable fluid, to form a concentrated liquid or liquid vapor mixture suited for storage and transport.

Abstract: In a given design of a refrigeration system, the present invention provides a method for reducing the charge of the refrigerant flowing through the refrigeration system. The refrigeration system includes a fluid conduit through which a flammable refrigerant circulates. The fluid conduit couples, in serial order, a compressor, a first heat exchanger, an expansion device, and a second heat exchanger. The conduit defines an interior diameter, an interior surface, and a given friction factor range. The method includes the steps of reducing the interior diameter of the conduit to thereby reduce the system design refrigerant charge, and coating the interior surface of the reduced diameter conduit with a coating composition to thereby reduce the surface roughness of the interior surface and provide a friction factor for the reduced diameter conduit that is substantially within the given friction factor range.

Abstract: A refrigerator unit is configured for a container in which it is possible to know the quantity of air that is ventilated. The refrigerator unit is equipped with a ventilation mechanism, an opening degree detecting mechanism, and a recording unit. The ventilation mechanism ventilates the air inside the container. The opening degree detecting mechanism acquires ventilation data related to the quantity of air ventilated by the ventilation mechanism. The recording unit records the ventilation data acquired by the opening degree detecting mechanism.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for detecting performance degradation in a refrigeration system. Specifically, the present invention provides systems and methods for detecting, at a very early stage, a low refrigerant charge and degradation in condenser performance of a refrigeration system.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a mathematical approach to detect faults by reconciling known data driven techniques with a physical understanding of the HVAC system and providing a direct linkage between model parameters and physical system quantities to arrive at classification rules that are easy to interpret, calibrate and implement. The fault modes of interest are low system refrigerant charge and air filter plugging. System data from standard sensors is analyzed under no-fault and full-fault conditions. The data is screened to uncover patterns though which the faults of interest manifest in sensor data and the patterns are analyzed and combined with available physical system information to develop an underlying principle that links failures to measured sensor responses. These principles are then translated into online algorithms for failure detection.

Abstract: A mobile refrigeration system that includes an engine and a compressor that is operable in response to the engine to produce a flow of refrigerant. An evaporator receives the flow of refrigerant and a first temperature sensor is positioned to measure a first temperature. A second temperature sensor is positioned to measure a second temperature and a controller is operable to detect a failure of one of the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor by calculating a temperature difference between the measured first temperature and the measured second temperature and comparing the temperature difference to a predetermined value.

Abstract: Cooling plant for a “cooled” fluid, able to cool and/or dry the fluid by means of cooling substantially to a pre-established temperature, the plant comprising a heat exchanger, to cool the fluid, by means of heat exchange with a “cooling” fluid inserted in a cooling unit comprising a cooling circuit able to feed the cooling fluid to the heat exchanger, the cooling unit comprising at least a condensation device, able to take the cooling fluid to within desired parameters of pressure and/or temperature. The plant also comprises regulation means able to detect the temperature of the fluid to be controlled, and to act on the condensation device in order to vary the parameters of pressure and/or temperature of the cooling fluid.

Abstract: A system for use with freezer/refrigeration devices comprising: a fan speed controller, at least one remote air sensors, and a voltage control device.

Abstract: A feedback apparatus for a vehicle air-conditioning actuator is provided. The feedback apparatus includes a cover plate including a thin plate resistor formed on the bottom thereof, a small case combined with the cover plate, including an assembly protruding portion formed in one side thereof, a plate-shaped rotation slider interposed between the cover plate and the small case, including a third axial hole and an opening whose size is about a quarter of the total size, a wiper whose contact front end is exposed in the opening of the rotation slider and rear end is fixed to the bottom of the rotation slider to rotatably contact a thin plate resistor formed on the bottom of the cover plate, a terminal assembly having connection pins for receiving external signals in which connection pins combined with the cover plate is formed. Since a contact between the wiper and the thin plate resistor is accomplished in a sealed case, there is little possibility of altering an initial set position due to an external shock.

Abstract: A method of controlling a heating cycle of a refrigeration system is provided that includes a refrigerant circuit. The refrigerant circuit includes a compressor having a suction port and an outlet having a discharge port with a hot gas compressor discharge line, a condenser for condensing the refrigerant, an evaporator for evaporating the refrigerant and an expansion valve. The method includes using refrigerant from the hot gas compressor discharge line to heat the evaporator during a heating cycle, detecting periodically a discharge superheat of the refrigerant leaving the outlet of the compressor, producing a control signal representing a difference between the detected discharge superheat and a minimum discharge superheat setpoint, adjusting the flow rate of the refrigerant to the suction port of the compressor according to the control signal so as to maintain the discharge superheat of the refrigerant at the outlet of the compressor substantially at the minimum discharge superheat setpoint.

Abstract: Disclosed are an air-conditioner which does not require a communication line, which connects an indoor unit to a thermostat, to mount in an indoor wall and a user can easily move the thermostat as occasion demands, and a controlling method therefor. The air-conditioner according to the present invention comprises: the thermostat for converting a control signal to control an indoor fan and a compressor of an outdoor unit in the air-conditioner into a radio frequency (RF) signal, and transmitting the converted RF signal; and the indoor unit for receiving the RF signal, and generating the control signal to control the indoor fan and the compressor of the outdoor unit based on the received RF signal.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a stationary vehicle air conditioning system with a refrigerant circuit, in which a compressor circulates refrigerant through a refrigerant circuit including at least one condenser. The one compressor may be powered by the vehicle's mechanical power, by an electrical source, or by a combination of these driving forces. Depending on desired operating characteristics, a plurality of condensers may be arranged in a series or parallel configuration within the circuit, and a second compressor also may be added, which second compressor may be powered by a source other than the mechanical energy of the vehicle's engine. A plurality of fans may be positioned and selectively operable to provide cooling air streams to one or more of the condensers, with the vehicle engine mechanically driving one fan and an electrical power source driving another fan.