Abstract: A turbocharger (2) mounted on an engine (1) has an EGR pipe (11) through which part of exhaust gas (8) is extracted from an exhaust manifold (9) to be recirculated to a suction pipe (4), the exhaust manifold (9) being internally divided by a partition (14) for prevention of exhaust interference between cylinders (7). A turbine scroll (15) is internally divided, for continuity with an outlet flow path of the exhaust manifold (9), by a partition (16) such that one of the divided flow paths (A, B) by the partition (16) which served for extraction of the exhaust gas (8) to be recirculated is smaller in cross-sectional area than the other flow path which does not serve for extraction of the exhaust gas (8) to be recirculated.

Abstract: Engines and methods of controlling an engine may involve at least one fluid actuators associated with one or more engine intake and/or exhaust valves. Timing of valve closing/opening and use of an air supply system may enable engine operation according to a Miller cycle.

Abstract: Engineers have attempted to reduce undesirable emissions from internal combustion engines by using apparatuses, such as catalytic reformers that include pre-combustion catalysts. An apparatus of the present invention includes an apparatus housing that defines at least a first flow inlet and includes an upstream support and a downstream support. The upstream support defines a plurality of second flow inlets, and the downstream support defines a first portion and a second portion of a plurality of outlets. A plurality of second flow paths are defined by a plurality of tubes extending between the plurality of second flow inlets and the second portion of the plurality of outlets. At least one first flow path is defined by a plurality of surfaces and fluidly connects the first flow inlet with the first portion of the plurality of outlets. At least one surface of the plurality of surfaces is coated with a pre-combustion catalyst. The downstream support preferably includes a plate with a predetermined porosity.

Abstract: An apparatus for reducing pressure spikes in a fuel line having a shut-off valve is provided. The apparatus comprises a body housing a biasing member and a moveable separation member. The body has first, second, and third chambers. The first and second chambers are coupled to upstream and downstream sides of the fuel line, respectively. The third chamber is coupled to a return line. When the shut-off valve is open, the separation member is biased toward the first chamber and separates the first and second chambers. When the shut-off valve is closed, the separation member expands the first chamber and places the first chamber and the third chamber in fluid communication once the separation member has gained a significant speed. The expanded first chamber accumulates fuel and the third chamber accumulates and vents the fuel such that transient pressure spikes are reduced and unlikely to damage a turbine system.

Abstract: A combustor for a gas turbine engine of a lean premixed combustion type, includes: a fuel jetting device configured to jet a premixed fuel into a combustion chamber so that the premixed fuel burns in a premixed combustion zone which is formed in the combustion chamber; and an additive fuel supply unit disposed downstream of the premixed combustion zone so as to additionally supply fuel into the combustion chamber. The additive fuel supply unit includes first and second additive fuel supply devices disposed in a two-stage arrangement such that the second additive fuel supply device is positioned downstream of the first additive fuel supply device.

Abstract: A gas turbine, in particular an aircraft engine and to a method for generating electrical energy in a gas turbine is provided. The gas turbine comprises at least on engine core (18), in which a shaft (19) produces a shaft output. The turbine is equipped with means that generate electrical energy both from the shaft output produced by the engine core (18) and from the compressed air that is dissipated by the engine core (18).

Abstract: A propeller is mounted aft of the rear rotor supporting bearing of a gas turbine. The propeller is driven either by the rotor shaft or by the exhaust gases flowing through the exhaust frame of the turbine. The rotating propeller blows cooling air on the rear bearing. The cooling air can then be circulated through the exhaust frame to cool the exhaust frame as well.

Abstract: A bypass channel for use in an inter-turbine transition duct assembly of a turbine engine is connected to a suction port disposed upstream of a high-pressure turbine and at least two injection openings disposed downstream of the high-pressure turbine. The flow through the bypass channel is motivated by the natural pressure difference across the high-pressure turbine. The flow out of the at least two injection openings is used to energize the boundary layer flow downstream of the high-pressure turbine in order to allow for the use of a more aggressively expanded inter-turbine duct without boundary layer separation. Methods for optimizing the flow through the turbine engine are also disclosed.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine system includes an intercooler coupled between a low-pressure compressor and a high-pressure compressor and configured to cool the compressed air exiting the low-pressure compressor. Liquid natural gas or a cooled intermediate working fluid is used in the intercooler to cool the compressed air exiting the low-pressure compressor. A mixture of fuel and compressed air from the high-pressure are combusted in a combustion chamber of an engine. A turbine is coupled to the engine and configured to expand combustion exhaust gas ejected from the engine to generate power. A heat exchanger is coupled to the turbine and the intercooler and configured to re-gasify the liquid natural gas. The exhaust air exiting the turbine or a heated intermediate working fluid is used to gasify the liquid natural gas in the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine combustion system includes a plurality of fuel injectors circumferentially disposed around a combustor in a one to one fuel supply relationship with a plurality of fuel nozzle valves, and an electronic controller for controlling the fuel nozzle valves to eliminate and/or reduce hot streaking in response to sensed hot streak conditions. The fuel nozzle valves may be modulating valves. The electronic controller may be used to individually control the fuel nozzle valves. The hot streak conditions may be sensed with temperature sensors such as temperature sensors operably mounted in the combustor. A program in the electronic controller may be used for determining broken or malfunctioning sensors by calculating a combustor temperature and comparing it to measured temperatures from the sensors and comparing the measured fuel pressures in the individual fuel nozzle circuits with the simulated or calculated fuel pressures.

Abstract: Methods and systems for a dry low NOx gas turbine engine system include a gas turbine engine including at least one dry low NOx combustor. The combustor includes a plurality of injection points wherein at least some of the injection points are configured to inject a fuel into the combustor at a plurality of different locations. The system includes a water source coupled to the combustor and operable to inject water into others of the plurality of injection points. The system also includes a control system that includes a sensor configured to measure an exhaust gas concentration of the turbine, a processor programmed to receive a signal indicative of the turbine exhaust gas concentration, and to automatically control the water injection using the received exhaust gas concentration signal. Such systems in use together can mitigate visible emissions from the exhaust stack.

Abstract: A combustor for mixing a flow of compressed air from a compressor and a flow of fuel from a fuel source. The combustor may include a first swirler for mixing the flow of compressed air and the flow of fuel into a first fuel-air flow, a second flow source for providing a second flow downstream of the first swirler, and a second swirler for mixing the first fuel-air flow and the second flow.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine combustion system including a mixing duct that separates into at least two branch passages for the delivery of a fuel and working fluid to distinct locations within a combustion chamber. The residence time for the fuel and working fluid within each of the two branch passages is distinct.

Abstract: A combustion chamber device having a field static pressure gradient adapted to expel a flame kernel or hot spot from a fuel-air mixing duct. The swirling flow passing through an annular mixing duct is turned from a radial direction to an axial direction before entering the combustion chamber. An ignition source located within the fuel-air mixing duct can then be used to start the combustion process in the gas turbine.

Abstract: A bleed valve for a gas turbine engine having a chamber inward of the bypass flow path and in fluid flow communication with the bypass and primary flow paths, a valve member for alternatively closing and opening the fluid flow communication with the primary flow path remaining inward of the bypass flow path, and an actuator actuating the valve member across the bypass flow path.

Abstract: An air-guiding system between a compressor and a turbine of a gas turbine engine includes an air chamber (5) being delimited by the inner casing of the combustion chamber (4) and first and second seals (7, 8) towards the rotating compressor shaft cone (12). An axial thrust compensation chamber (6) is adjoined to said second seal (8) and respectively loaded with the turbine cooling air (B?, C) branched-off from the compressor air. Due to the higher pressure in said axial thrust compensation chamber with respect to said air chamber, the high axial forces are compensated. The air flowing back into said air chamber through said second seal (8) is guided and separated from components (10) and flowing-off air masses by a flow-guiding means (16) in said air chamber. This results in a high rinsing effect, a reduced vortex formation and finally, a reduced thermal stress.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for using liquid nitrogen to render fires and explosives inert, thus extinguishing and controlling the fire or explosive. The present invention utilizes a trough comprising a plurality of apertures to rain liquid nitrogen down on an area underneath the trough so as to evaporate the liquid nitrogen, super cool the surrounding area, and remove oxygen so as to render the area inert.

Abstract: A cryostat configuration for keeping cryogenic fluids in at least one cryocontainer, comprising an outer shell and a neck tube containing a cold head of a cryocooler, wherein the coldest cold stage of the cold head is disposed in a contact-free manner relative to the neck tube and the cryocontainer, and wherein a cryogenic fluid is located in the neck tube, is characterized in that the neck tube is disposed between the outer shell and a cryocontainer and/or the radiation shield, the neck tube is closed in a gas-tight manner at the end facing the cryocontainer and/or the radiation shield, the neck tube is coupled to the cryocontainer and/or a radiation shield disposed between the cryocontainers or a cryocontainer and the outer shell, via a connection having a good thermal conductivity, the neck tube comprising a fill-in device at an end located at ambient temperature.

Abstract: A system for monitoring a remaining shelf life of a product stored within a container is provided. The system includes a container having a bottom and at least one side extending from the bottom, a timer device coupled to the container, and a display coupled to the timer device. The timer device includes an integrated circuit programmed as a timer, and an output device electrically coupled to the integrated circuit. The display is in communication with the output device for displaying the remaining shelf life of the product stored within the container.

Abstract: A method for monitoring refrigerant in a refrigeration system includes sensing, a refrigerant pressure of a refrigeration system, averaging the refrigerant pressure over a time period, determining an expected pressure based on said time period, comparing the average to the expected pressure, and determining a system condition based on said comparison. The method may be executed by a controller or stored in a computer-readable medium.

Abstract: A method for predicting maintenance in a refrigeration system includes counting occurrences of a compressor operating event and calculating a cumulative total of the compressor operating events. The method also comprises comparing the cumulative total with an operating threshold and estimating a time period until the cumulative total exceeds the operating threshold. The method may be executed by a controller or stored in a computer-readable medium.

Abstract: A method for monitoring refrigerant in a refrigeration system includes calculating a return gas superheat of a refrigeration system and averaging the return gas superheat over a predetermined period. The method also comprises comparing the average to a superheat threshold and detecting at least one of a flood back condition and a degraded performance condition based on the comparison. The method may be executed by a controller or stored in a computer-readable medium.

Abstract: A method of proofing a refrigeration system operating state includes monitoring a change in operating state of a refrigeration system component, determining an expected operating parameter of the refrigeration system component as a function of the change, and detecting an actual operating parameter of the refrigeration system component after the change. The method also comprises comparing the actual operating parameter to the expected operating parameter of the refrigeration component and detecting a malfunction of the refrigeration system component based on the comparison. The method may be executed by a controller or stored in a computer-readable medium.

Abstract: A method for monitoring refrigerant in a refrigeration system includes calculating a saturation temperature of refrigerant in a refrigeration system based on at least one of a discharge pressure and a discharge temperature of the refrigeration system; calculating an expected refrigerant level based on the saturation temperature; comparing the refrigerant level with the refrigerant level threshold; and generating a leak notification when the receiver refrigerant level is less than the refrigerant level threshold. The method may be executed by a controller or stored in a computer-readable medium.

Abstract: A method for monitoring a condenser in a refrigeration system includes calculating a thermal efficiency of the condenser based on operation of the condenser and averaging the thermal efficiency over a predetermined period. Further, the method comprises comparing the average to an efficiency threshold and generating a notification based on the comparison. The method may be executed by a controller or stored in a computer-readable medium.

Abstract: A method for monitoring compressor performance in a refrigeration system includes calculating an isentropic efficiency of a compressor of the refrigeration system, averaging isentropic efficiency over a predetermined period, comparing the average to an efficiency threshold, and detecting a compressor malfunction based on the comparison. The method may be executed by a controller or stored in a computer-readable medium.

Abstract: Disclosed is an automatic icemaker has a rotatably supported ice making portion having first and second ice making trays arranged in a back-to-back manner, a motor for rotating the ice making portion, a first and a second temperature detecting sensors for detecting the temperature of the first and second ice making tray or the temperature of ice within a compartment of the first and second ice making tray, and a signal processor for controlling the motor to turn over the ice making portion after the temperature of the first or second ice making tray, or the temperature of ice within a compartment of the first or second ice making tray, looking upward, detected by the first temperature detecting sensor or the second temperature detecting sensor has become stabilized in the vicinity of 0° C.

Abstract: Replace the abstract with the following new abstract: A temperature requested by a battery pack is achieved efficiently and promptly. A battery pack cooling system includes a battery fan for cooling a battery pack in a down flow method; a changing damper which changes air to be supplied to the battery pack by using the battery fan among air in a vehicle compartment, air in a luggage compartment and air whose heat has been exchanged with a rear air conditioning unit; a temperature sensor which measures a battery temperature; and a battery ECU which controls the changing damper and the electric fan based on the battery temperature, a temperature in the vehicle compartment, and a temperature in a luggage compartment and which outputs an operation request signal for the rear air conditioning unit to an air conditioning ECU.

Abstract: A compressor system includes a compressor having an inlet, a first conduit fluidly coupled to the inlet, an accumulator fluidly coupled to the inlet by a second conduit, and a first valve disposed in the second conduit that prevents fluid communication between the accumulator and the inlet in a closed state and permits fluid communication between the accumulator and the inlet in an open state.

Abstract: A solar energy supplemental air-conditioner includes a solar energy collector adapted for placing on the dashboard of the vehicle to collect solar energy and a cooling fan electrically connecting to the solar energy collector, wherein the cooling fan is located within the vehicle at a position that when the cooling fan is operated, the cooling fan is adapted for generating a cooling air as a cooling effect towards a driver side of the vehicle so as to cool down an interior temperature of the vehicle at the driver side.

Abstract: A condenser and a containment vessel adapted to efficiently condense a gas out of a mixture of condensing and non-condensing gases. In condensers, the fraction of gas within a condenser made up of non-condensing gases can be significantly reduced by withdrawing gas from localised regions of relatively low temperature where the mass fraction of non-condensing gases will be relatively high. In containment vessels, pressures can be reduced by providing a large surface area of the liquid into which the condensing gas condenses in a relatively cool region of the containment vessel. Both these effects result from an appreciation of the manner in which non-condensing gases tend to accumulate in regions which are relatively cold.

Abstract: A method of managing conditions in a data center comprises storing information relating to field replaceable unit thermal properties in at least one field replaceable unit non-volatile memory and generating information for real-time dynamic temperature mapping of the data center based on the field replaceable unit thermal property information.

Abstract: A sub-surface tubing arrangement for use in a direct exchange (DX) geothermal heating/cooling system includes a primary sub-surface liquid refrigerant transport line, a primary sub-surface vapor refrigerant transport line, at least one sub-surface heat exchange refrigerant transport line functionally connecting the primary sub-surface liquid refrigerant transport line to the primary sub-surface vapor refrigerant transport line, and either vertical or horizontal supplemental sub-surface refrigerant line connected to one of the primary sub-surface liquid or vapor refrigerant transport lines.

Abstract: A misting system for evaporative cooling or providing a refreshing mist of water that may include a misting nozzle, tubing coupled to the misting nozzle, a flow control valve connected to the tubing, and a pump. The misting system may also include a tank having a body that includes a upper wall, a bottom wall, and a side wall and defines a reservoir chamber for holding liquid to be sprayed out of the misting nozzle. The body includes a refill orifice disposed in the upper wall, a drain orifice positioned remotely from the upper wall, and an outlet orifice connected to the tube, all of which provide access to the reservoir chamber. The misting system may also include a tee joint and a one way coupling valve for connecting the misting system to a fresh water system of a recreational vehicle.

Abstract: A high efficiency absorption heat pump cycle is disclosed using a high pressure stage, a supercritical cooling stage, and a mechanical energy extraction stage to provide a non-toxic combined heat, cooling, and energy system. Using the preferred carbon dioxide gas with partially miscible absorber fluids, including the preferred ionic liquids as the working fluid in the system, the present invention desorbs the CO.sub.2 from an absorbent and cools the gas in the supercritical state to deliver heat. The cooled CO.sub.2 gas is then expanded, preferably through an expansion device transforming the expansion energy into mechanical energy thereby providing cooling, heating temperature lift and electrical energy, and is returned to an absorber for further cycling. Strategic use of heat exchangers, preferably microchannel heat exchangers comprised of nanoscale powders and thermal-hydraulic compressor/pump can further increase the efficiency and performance of the system.

Abstract: A water dispenser assembly used for a dispensing system includes an inlet configured to receive water from a water supply, and a flow meter in communication with the inlet. The flow meter is configured to measure an amount of water passing therethrough. A first valve is arranged in communication with the flow meter, and the first valve is configured to enable and restrict water flow to an outlet. A controller is operatively coupled to the flow meter and the first valve. The controller is configured to control the dispensing of water based on the measured amount of water passing through the flow meter and based upon a volume error factor correction.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are water purifying system and apparatus for simultaneously making ice and cold water using one evaporator, which can make cold water in various forms only by changing the system and make ice of a predetermined amount by using cold water of less than a predetermined temperature as raw water for ice-making, thereby saving energy. The water purifying system and apparatus can rapidly provide cold water by the simple operation of the water gutter of the ice-making unit and the circulation of water contained in the cold water tank to the water gutter by the circulation pump, and provide ice of the predetermined amount by making ice using the cold water without regard to the changes of the temperature of raw water and the surrounding temperature.

Abstract: A water reservoir for a refrigerator having a refrigerating compartment provided with a front door having an internal panel in which shelves and a water reservoir are removably affixed. The front door having an external face carrying a dispensing valve supplied by the water reservoir. The recipient is superiorly opened and removably affixed to the internal panel of the door between the fixation positions of two consecutive shelves, and incorporates a lower outlet nozzle projecting through the door so as to be maintained in fluid communication with the dispensing valve. The reservoir including a lid removably fitted onto the recipient and provided with an opening; and an over-lid provided with a window and mounted to the lid, in order to be selectively and manually displaced in a plane parallel and adjacent to the mounting plane of the lid between an open position, in which its window is aligned with the opening of the lid and a closed position, in which the opening of the lid is blocked by the over-lid.

Abstract: A refrigeration system for use with a building. The refrigeration system can include a plurality of refrigerated display cases, a condenser, a liquid main and a gas main. Each refrigerated display case can include an evaporator assembly and a compressor assembly fluidly coupled to one another. The condenser can be remotely located from the refrigerated display cases to reject heat from refrigerant in the system. The liquid main can fluidly couple an outlet of the condenser with the evaporator assembly of each refrigerated display case, and the gas main can fluidly couple the compressor assembly of each refrigerated display case with an inlet of the condenser. At least a portion of each of the liquid main and the gas main can be positioned adjacent each refrigerated display case to allow the refrigerated display cases to be positioned at a variety of locations within a shopping area of the building.

Abstract: A control valve to regulate flow of refrigerant through a refrigeration system that includes a plurality of refrigerated display cases. Each of the plurality of display cases includes a dedicated evaporator that cools return air by at least partially evaporating a refrigerant. A compressor assembly compresses evaporated refrigerant received from the plurality of evaporators. The system further includes a condenser located remotely from the plurality of display cases that rejects heat from the refrigerant to an environment. A gas main is in fluid communication with an inlet of the condenser and directs refrigerant from the compressor assembly to the condenser. A liquid main is in fluid communication with an outlet of the condenser and directs refrigerant from the condenser to the plurality of evaporators. The valve is fluidly coupled between the gas main and the liquid main, and regulates flow of refrigerant from the gas main to the liquid main.

Abstract: A jewelry device for displaying decorative ornamentation comprising a single spring tension member made of any lightweight metal or plastic frame and folded to form a spring tension clip. The clip is capable of securing an ornament. One end of the clip may be an enlarged first end with an aperture capable of showing an ornament by allowing it to protrude through the aperture from the back and through the front of the enlarged first end, where the ornament has a backing portion preventing it from falling through the aperture. The ornament and backing portion are secured between the first and second ends through the spring tension of the clip formed from the folding of the frame. Further, the clip may incorporate earring posts, holes, pin, or cuff links, or other attachment mechanisms for creating various types of jewelry using the present invention.

Abstract: The clothing jewelry is formed from a plurality of short chains removably attached to an article of clothing to form a plurality of vertically extending retainer loops, and an elongated decorative member supported by the retainer loops and encircling a portion of the clothing, e.g., a pant leg, a jacket or blouse adjacent the cuff, a skirt adjacent the hemline, and similar clothing articles. The elongated member may be a jewelry chain formed into a continuous or endless loop, a ribbon formed into an endless loop, or other decorative loops. The short chains have fasteners, e.g., a pin and back fastener, at both ends for removable attachment to the article of clothing.

Abstract: A jewelry setting and method for manufacturing same are provided. The jewelry setting includes a frame configured to receive a gemstone, the frame including a base and at least one sidewall defining a cavity for receiving the gemstone; and at least two prongs soldered to the at least one sidewall, wherein the at least two prongs extend above an upper peripheral edge of the sidewall for securing the gemstone in the frame. The method includes the steps providing the frame configured to receive the gemstone; providing at least two prongs, each of the at least two prongs includes a layer of solder disposed thereon; placing the at least two prongs in contact with the at least one sidewall of the frame; and heating the frame and the prongs to a predetermined temperature, wherein the solder will reflow and form a joint between the prongs and the sidewall.

Abstract: The invention relates to a gemstone (1) having a surface at least part of which is polished, wherein the polished surface (2) comprises a plurality of adjacent facets (3, 4, 5), and in that the polished surface area (2) comprises 4-25 facets per mm2 of surface area.

Abstract: A system (10) and method for forming glass sheets includes a forming station (14) having lower and upper molds (28, 30) between which glass sheets G are cyclically received from a furnace (12) on a transfer platen (34), formed between the lower and upper molds (28, 30), and transferred to a delivery mold (42) for delivery such as to a quench station (16). The transfer platen (34) and the delivery mold (42) are moved a different elevations into the forming station (14) in respective underlapping and overlapping relationships to each other so each glass sheet forming cycle can begin within the forming station before the prior forming cycle is completed in a time overlapping manner that reduces the cycle time.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the conditioning and homogenization of glass melts that are transported in flow channels with a vertical central longitudinal plane and side walls, by using the effect of alternating cross-section changes in the flow direction and stirrers with vertical stirrer shafts installed in the flow direction. The glass melt is transported through at least one flow channel, in which cross-section changes on both sides are created by several consecutive protrusions installed in the flow direction. The protrusions are directed towards the central longitudinal plane and on their upstream sides and downstream sides have wall areas that are arranged at such an angle to the central longitudinal plane, that no right-angled or acute-angled corners are created in the flow channel. The stirrers are installed between consecutive downstream sides and the upstream sides of the protrusions.

Abstract: A method of producing a porous glass preform for an optical fiber includes supplying glass material gas and combustion gas to a burner for synthesizing glass particles to produce glass particles, while relatively reciprocating the burner and a target rod that is rotating; and depositing the glass particles around the target rod. Density of the glass particles deposited per unit time ?c [g/cm3] is calculated. A sweeping speed of the burner S [mm/sec] is controlled to be decreased when the density ?c [g/cm3] is smaller than a target density ? [g/cm3] and to be increased when the density ?c [g/cm3] is larger than the target density ? [g/cm3].

Abstract: An optical fiber comprises a photosensitive core that includes a concentration of a first material that increases the refractive index of the core and a concentration of a second material that is other than boron and that reduces the refractive index of the core. A cladding is disposed about the core for tending to confine light to the core. The fiber also includes at least one longitudinally extending region having a thermal coefficient of expansion that is different from the thermal coefficient of expansion of the cladding. In another embodiment, the core includes a concentration of germanium and a concentration of boron. Also disclosed is a polarization-maintaining double-clad (PM DC) fiber comprising one or both of at least one circular axially extending stress inducing region(s) and an inner cladding comprising a circular outer perimeter.

Abstract: An optically detectable security marker for emitting light at a pre-selected wavelength. The marker comprises a rare earth dopant and a carrier incorporating the rare earth dopant. The interaction of the carrier and the dopant is such that the fluorescent fingerprint of the marker is different from that of the rare earth dopant. The marker may be incorporated into a plurality of items, such as fluids, for example paint, fuel or ink, and laminar products such as paper or banknotes or credit cards.

Abstract: An apparatus for fabricating a soot preform includes at least one torch for depositing soot generated by flame hydrolysis on the soot preform. A vaporizer vaporizes a liquid source material. A heater heats a dilution gas. The vaporizer and the heater respectively supply, to the torch, the vaporized source material and the heated dilution gas together through a single pipe.