Abstract: The invention provides a catalyst and a catalyst structure for catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides contained in exhaust gas wherein fuel is supplied and subjected to combustion under periodic rich/lean conditions and the resulting exhaust gases are brought into contact therewith, which catalyst comprises: an outer catalyst layer comprising an outer catalyst component A which comprises at least one selected from a solid acid, and a solid acid supporting oxides and/or ions of at least one element selected from vanadium, tungsten, molybdenum, copper, iron, cobalt, nickel and manganese, and an inner catalyst layer comprising an inner catalyst component which comprises at least one noble metal catalyst component B selected from platinum, rhodium, palladium and an oxide thereof and a catalyst component C comprising ceria or praseodymium oxide or a mixture of oxides and/or a composite oxide of at least two elements selected from cerium, zirconium, praseodymium, neodymium, terbium, samarium, gadolinium and lant

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine, an NOX purification catalyst (14) is arranged in the engine exhaust passage and an intermediate product producing catalyst (12) able to store NOX contained in the exhaust gas is arranged at the upstream of the NOX purification catalyst (14). The intermediate product producing catalyst (12) is fed with mist fuel, and intermediate products (33) comprising bonded molecules comprised of an NOX and hydrocarbon molecules more than an equivalent ratio with respect to an NOX molecule are produced from the NOX trapped in the intermediate product producing catalyst (12) or the NOX contained in the exhaust gas and the fed fuel.

Abstract: Disclosed is an exhaust gas purifying catalyst system, which comprises an upstream catalyst disposed in an exhaust gas passage of an engine at a position on an upstream side with respect to a direction of an exhaust gas stream, and a downstream catalyst disposed in the exhaust gas passage at a position on a downstream side with respect to the direction of the exhaust gas stream. In the exhaust gas purifying catalyst system, the downstream catalyst includes a cerium (Ce)-containing rhodium-doped composite oxide and an Ni component, and the upstream catalyst includes a cerium (Ce)-containing composite oxide other than the rhodium-doped composite oxide, and a Ni component. A ratio of Ni to CeO2 in the upstream catalyst is in the range of 15 to 20 mass %, and a ratio of Ni to CeO2 in the downstream catalyst is in the range of 10 to 60 mass %. The exhaust gas purifying catalyst system of the present invention can reduce an amount of H2S emission while achieving high purification performance.

Abstract: An exhaust system for an engine with a plurality of combustion chambers. The exhaust system includes a first emission treatment device in fluid communication with at least one of the combustion chambers so as to receive exhaust therefrom. The exhaust system further includes a second emission treatment device in fluid communication with at least one other of the combustion chambers so as to receive exhaust therefrom. The second emission treatment device is also in fluid communication with a downstream end of the first emission treatment device so as to receive exhaust therefrom.

Abstract: An exhaust aftertreatment system includes first and second exhaust tubes or assemblies and a coupler compliantly permitting movement of one of the exhaust tubes relative to the other along at least one of axial and transverse directions.

Abstract: An exhaust after-treatment system having a main tank configured to retain and supply a reductant is disclosed. The exhaust after-treatment system includes a main heat source disposed in the main tank and configured to thaw the reductant. The exhaust after-treatment system also includes a secondary tank configured to retain a supply of reductant and a pump configured to pass reductant from the secondary tank to the main tank. The exhaust after-treatment system further includes a secondary heat source configured to thaw the reductant within the secondary tank.

Abstract: Temperature control devices have become common to cool the exhaust stream from a diesel particulate filter before release into the environment. To further cool the filtered exhaust stream and to protect the temperature control device, a duct can be used to surround the inlets of the temperature control device. The duct has a head section surrounding the inlets at one end and a base section extending from the head section with a vent at the other end. Ambient air is drawn through the vent into the duct and into the inlets of the temperature control device to further cool the filtered exhaust stream.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purifying apparatus for an internal combustion engine, including a particulate filter provided in an exhaust passage of the engine; a pressure difference sensor for detecting a pressure difference between upstream and downstream side pressures of the particulate filter; an upstream side passage, which connects the pressure difference sensor and an upstream side with respect to the particulate filter of the exhaust passage; and a downstream side passage, which connects the pressure difference sensor and a downstream side with respect to the particulate filter of the exhaust passage. An exhaust gas flow rate is calculated according to an operating condition of the engine. A characteristic of change in the pressure difference, which is detected by the pressure difference detector and corresponds to a change in the exhaust gas flow rate, is detected. An abnormality of the downstream side passage is determined based on the characteristic of change in the pressure difference.

Abstract: An exhaust control device for a vehicle engine includes an exhaust control valve capable of changing the opening area of an exhaust passage. The exhaust control valve is disposed in exhaust passage forming means so as to be able to change a bent-internal side partial passage sectional area of the passage sectional area of an exhaust passage. Specifically the exhaust control valve is disposed at a bent portion of the exhaust passage that is closest to an exhaust valve port. With this configuration, the exhaust flow rate can be controlled satisfactorily.

Abstract: A rotary engine is disclosed, which may include a housing having at least one inlet valve and at least one outlet valve. The rotary engine may also include at least one chamber coupled to the housing and to the at least one inlet valve, a generally cylindrical driveshaft extending through the housing, and a rotor that is rotationally mounted in the housing on the driveshaft. The rotor may include a plurality of recessed portions situated radially along the peripheral surface of the rotor. The plurality of recessed portions may be used for receiving a plurality of spheres, for example. The plurality of spheres may be rotationally engaged between an inner surface of the housing and the peripheral surface of the rotor. Each of the plurality of spheres may remain in a corresponding one of the plurality of recessed portions while the rotor rotates within the housing.

Abstract: A combustor assembly is provided comprising a combustor casing; a liner coupled to the combustor casing; a burner assembly coupled to the combustor casing; and at least one resonator assembly. The resonator assembly comprises a resonator outer plate having at least one opening, a resonator side wall coupled to the resonator outer plate, and a resonator inner plate defined by a portion of the liner. The resonator inner plate is coupled to the resonator side wall and has at least one slot formed therein having an aspect ratio of at least 4:1.

Abstract: Apparatuses for converting pressure differences of gaseous or liquid media into rotary motion are provided. In some embodiments, apparatuses for utilizing the pressure differences of gaseous, vaporous or liquid media by pressure expansion of the media are provided, the apparatuses comprising: a housing having an inner wall with a length; a plurality of hose pieces positioned in the housing on the inner wall with a length corresponding at least to the length of housing wall; inlet valves and outlet valves coupled to the hose pieces that substantially synchronously regulate a sequence of filling and emptying of the hose pieces by the media; a roller that is positioned between the hose pieces, that rotates on an eccentric, and that rotates in connection with the tilling and emptying of the hose pieces; and a shaft coupled to the roller at the eccentric that rotates as the roller rotates.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hydrostatic drive. The hydrostatic drive (1) includes a hydraulic pump (3) and a hydraulic motor (7). The hydraulic pump (3) may be connected by way of a first working line (5) to a first working line connection (8) of the hydraulic motor (7) and by way of a second working line (6) to a second working line connection (9) of the hydraulic motor (7). Furthermore, the hydrostatic drive (1) includes a first storage means (40) for storing pressure energy and a second storage means (41). For recovery of the pressure energy stored in the first storage means, the latter may be connected, at least for one direction of conveying, to a first or second working line (5, 6) which is on the suction side in relation to the hydraulic pump (3) in this direction of conveying.

Abstract: A method of allocating hydraulic fluid between two or more actuators in a machine processes a first command intended to provide a first requested fluid flow to a steering actuator for steering the machine, and a second command intended to provide a second requested fluid flow to a non-steeling actuator, such as a lift or tilt actuator. The system modifies the first and second commands to produce modified first and second commands corresponding to modified first and second fluid flows, such that the sum of the adjusted first and second fluid flows is less than or equal to a currently available flow and the modified first fluid flow meets or exceeds the lesser of the first requested fluid flow and a threshold curve that is a function of a machine variable such as engine speed or other variable or parameter.

Abstract: A pressure recovery system according to the present invention comprises a pump, a flow control valve and a flow amplifier. The flow control valve has an inlet connected to the outlet of the pump, an outlet for supplying fluid to the load to which pressurized fluid is to be supplied, and a bypass flow outlet connected to the flow amplifier. The bypass flow drives the flow amplifier for supplying fluid to an inlet of the pump.

Abstract: A empty tank submersed in a body of liquid will float to the surface, as the tank floats up it will do work. It is the goal of this machine to empty the tank after the tank has been submersed, and in the process of empting the tank do less work than the empty tank does when it floats up.

Abstract: The amount of buoyancy a object has is based on the amount of liquid the object displaces, and the weight of the object. If a submersed object increases in size its buoyancy increases, and if a submersed object decreases in size its buoyancy decreases. This machine attempts to change the size/buoyancy of a submersed object using only gravity as the energy source.

Abstract: A process provides energy from a hydrogen flame to produce ultra high temperature steam, which is water vapor having a temperature over 1200° C., as an energy transfer medium to drive a steam turbine. The hydrogen fuel may be supplied to the system from a source of isolated hydrogen such as compressed or liquefied H2, but is more preferably generated near its site of combustion by irradiating an aqueous solution of one or more inorganic salts or minerals with radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation having a spectrum and intensity selected for optimal hydrogen production. The ultra high temperature steam is produced by contacting the hydrogen flame and its combustion gases with surfaces in a ceramic steam generation unit. In one embodiment, a radiofrequency generator produces hydrogen gas from sea water to provide hydrogen fuel to produce steam to drive the turbine.

Abstract: A fuel conveying member for an engine, the fuel conveying member having heating means integrated therein to permit pyrolysis of carbonaceous deposits.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a fuel nozzle of a gas turbine combustor for dimethyl ether (DME, CH3OCH3) and a design method thereof. The fuel nozzle includes a pilot fuel injection hole formed at the center of the nozzle and a plurality of fuel injection ports formed at equiangular positions around the pilot fuel injection hole to inject DME. Each of the fuel injection ports includes a pair of upper and lower DME injection orifices communicating with a fuel-air mixture injection swirler. The upper DME injection orifice becomes gradually wider, whereas the lower DME injection orifice becomes gradually narrower. Thus, DME can be optimally combusted in the gas turbine combustor, thereby achieving cost reduction of power plants, enhancement in reliability of the power plants, and diversification of usable fuel.

Abstract: A combustor liner assembly includes a liner and a first group of cooling holes formed in the liner and having an increasing density in a downstream direction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cowl for a turbomachine nozzle, the cowl including a plurality of repetitive patterns disposed to extend a trailing edge of said cowl and spaced circumferentially apart from one another. Each pattern is in the form of a quadrilateral having a base that is formed by a portion of the trailing edge of the cowl and two vertices that are spaced downstream from the base and that are connected thereto via two sides, each side having the shape of a parabola. Each pattern is asymmetrical relative to a midplane of the pattern containing a longitudinal axis of said cowl, and it comprises a first portion inclined radially towards the inside of the cowl, and a second portion inclined radially towards the outside of the cowl.

Abstract: Engine air may be cooled at any point in the intake passageways by means of a remote thermoelectric temperature control unit which cools a liquid, gas or other coolant in a coolant circuit, the coolant then contacting the circuit to a point in the intake passageways where engine air is cooled by means of a coolant to gas heat exchanger. A reservoir of cold coolant, or a cold sink, may be cooled substantially so that when the engine demands an increased supply of air a reservoir of cooled coolant is available. Engine air may be cooled in the ram or scoop, in the cold air intakes, in an intercooler, in a turbocharger, supercharger, chargecooler, throttle body, carburetor or at any other point in the engine air intake passageways.

Abstract: The invention concerns a portable cooling device for personal care products comprising a thermoelectric element (1) and means for thermally contacting (2) a dose of product to be cooled with the thermoelectric element. The inventive device is adapted to be used for applying a personal care product, such as cosmetic products, requiring to be rapidly and greatly cooled immediately before being applied to the skin.

Abstract: A pulse tube cryocooler including a heat exchanger and a pulse tube is modified with an in-line inertance gap attached to the pulse tube for gas phase shifting of gas pressure in the cryocooler for improving the efficiency and temperature range of pulse tube cryocoolers.

Abstract: Cryocoolers, including coolers, heaters, and heat pumps each having a first stage and a second stage, are modified with controlled and variable gas phase shifting devices for controlling gas pressure and mass flow between volumes of the first and second stages for improving the efficiency and temperature range of expander cryocoolers such as displacer cryocoolers using controlled valves as flow impedance devices and pulse tube cryocoolers using inertance gaps as flow inertia devices, for maximizing cooling between the first and second stages.

Abstract: A displacer cryocooler including a multistage heat exchanger is modified with a phase shifting device connected between stage volumes for gas phase shifting of gas pressure in the cryocooler for improving the efficiency and temperature range of expander cryocoolers.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention can include systems and methods for guiding and supporting an evaporator structure with respect to a refrigeration unit. In one embodiment, a system can include a guide rail adapted to mount to a housing associated with a refrigeration unit, and a guide support adapted to mount to an evaporator structure, wherein the guide support can be aligned with the guide rail, and the guide support can maintain close proximity to the guide rail when the evaporator structure is moved adjacent to the refrigeration unit. In other embodiments, associated methods of use and installation for the system can be provided.

Abstract: A refrigerator that includes an enclosure that is adapted to store and cool down food, a refrigeration circuit that cools down the inside of the enclosure, a power supply that supplies power to the refrigeration circuit, a control circuit that controls the operation of the refrigeration circuit and a sign panel that is attached on the outside of the enclosure. The sign panel is controlled by the control circuit, and is powered by the power supply. The sign panel includes a series of letter panels, and each of the letter panels includes a plurality of dot elements. The series of letter panels are controlled to display a streaming message. The sign panel is attached on an easily noticeable location on the enclosure.

Abstract: There is provided a refrigerant system. First and second transducers are positioned within the refrigerant system to measure respective operational characteristics. There is a timer that determines that a shutdown has occurred for a specified period of time; and a comparator that compares an output of the first transducer to an output of the second transducer after that specified time and determines whether the outputs of the first and second transducers are within a tolerance band of each other. If the readings are not within tolerance band, then the transducer failure is detected and a warning/alarm requiring operator attention is issued.

Abstract: A conditioned air delivery system is provided for parked aircraft. The system can accommodate elevated thermal loads while maintaining operation, albeit with reduced flow rates or slightly elevated temperatures. When temperature set points are not reached or cannot be maintained, a second compressor of a refrigeration unit is operated in parallel with a first compressor. When refrigerant pressure becomes excessive, a second fan is operated that is associated with a condenser of the system. Still higher pressures, indicative of higher thermal loads, can cause the system to shut down operation of one of the compressors, reducing the overall cooling capacity of the system, while maintaining the supply of refrigerated air to the aircraft. The airflow may be reduced to maintain an air temperature at or near the desired temperature. Coordination of several parallel and redundant refrigeration units may be provided with a single blower and coordinated control.

Abstract: A humidity control system (10) includes a refrigerant circuit (50) including a compressor (53), a first adsorption heat exchanger (51) carrying an adsorbent thereon, an expansion valve (55) adjustable in opening and a second adsorption heat exchanger (52) carrying an adsorbent thereon, supplies humidity-controlled air to a room by operating alternately in a first batch mode in which the second adsorption heat exchanger (52) adsorbs moisture in air and the first adsorption heat exchanger (51) releases moisture to air and a second batch mode in which the first adsorption heat exchanger (51) adsorbs moisture in air and the second adsorption heat exchanger (52) releases moisture to air, and controls the opening of the expansion valve (55), when a valve control start time has come a predetermined time after the start of each batch mode, so that the degree of superheat of refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit (50) reaches a predetermined value.

Abstract: New ecological operating mode that limits ventilation and air conditioning in the cabin (3) of the aircraft when the ecological operating mode has been selected, the aircraft is stationed on the ground, the engines are off, the engines' start up system has not been activated, the pneumatic or electrical energy supply system that typically controls ventilation and air conditioning in the aircraft has been activated and is supplying air, to provide a new method of operating at an established minimum limit independent of the difference between the selected temperature and the temperature measured, saving energy, and reducing pollutant emissions and noise.

Abstract: To provide a showcase in which a cooling fan is provided on a cooling room side and a fan motor is provided on a machine room side, wherein attaching and detaching the cooling fan can be facilitated and stabilization of the wind quantity by a fan case can be realized, a showcase in which a display room is provided over an insulating wall; a machine room is provided under the insulating wall; a compressor, a condenser and the like of a cooling unit are disposed in the machine room; a cooling room is provided in the insulating wall; and an evaporator and a cooling fan of the cooling unit are disposed in the cooling room so that cold air heat-exchanged with the evaporator is circulated in the display room by the cooling fan, comprises a cooling fan motor disposed in the machine room to drive the cooling fan.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a showcase wherein an insulating wall and a top plate of a machine room covering a lower surface of the insulating wall can be stably held and the strength of the entire showcase can be improved. In the showcase, a display room is provided over the insulating wall; a machine room is provided under the insulating wall; a compressor, a condenser and the like of a cooling unit are disposed in the machine room; a cooling room is provided in the insulating wall; and an evaporator and a cooling fan of the cooling unit are disposed in the cooling room so that cold air heat-exchanged with the evaporator is circulated in the display room by the cooling fan, and the showcase further comprises a top plate of the machine room to cover the lower surface of the insulating wall, and the top plate is mounted on and fixed to a pipe plate of the condenser to hold the insulating wall.

Abstract: A refrigerated display case includes a heat exchanger with circuits that route secondary fluid in a counterflow direction with respect to the airflow through the heat exchanger. At least one circuit directs secondary fluid from the entrance end to the exit end of the heat exchanger to exchange heat with air exiting the heat exchanger. The higher fluid temperature raises the air dry bulb and lowers the air relative humidity to improve the capability of the air to absorb moisture in the display case.

Abstract: An atmosphere handling system for use in a confined atmosphere is disclosed having an oxygen generator for generating oxygen from a stored release agent, an air conditioning system for cooling and re-circulating the air atmosphere, a desiccant module for filtering and removing moisture from the atmosphere and a power and operations system for powering and controlling the system.

Abstract: In a drain water discharging method for force-feeding drain water via a drain pump, clogging of a drain piping is prevented by controlling the drain pump. An air conditioner has a drain pan for collecting drain water that is dropped from a heat exchanger, a drain pump for discharging the drain water in the drain pan, and a DC motor for driving the drain pump. The DC motor for driving the drain pump is controlled to increase its rotating speed when a rotary torque of the DC motor is increased.

Abstract: A door for a refrigerating unit is provided that includes a door leaf hinged to a body of the refrigerating unit and a decorative element that is superimposed on the door leaf in such a way as to be adjustable in position. The decorative element has a central cutout, through which a central region of the door leaf is exposed. A groove open towards this central region is formed on the door leaf in order to accommodate a profile element which conceals a gap between door leaf and decorative element.

Abstract: A heat exchanger including a plurality of first refrigerant tubes, and a plurality of second refrigerant tubes separated from the plurality of first refrigerant tubes in an air flow direction. Further, a diameter of a respective refrigerant tube of the plurality of first refrigerant tubes is smaller than a diameter of a respective refrigerant tube of the plurality of second refrigerant tubes.

Abstract: The present invention provides an oil-returning device and a accumulator, the oil-returning device including an outlet pipe and a filtering component, the outlet pipe having an bent arc portion which is provided with a positioning hole, the filtering component including a filtering screen and a filtering screen base with an oil-returning orifice, and being fixedly installed in the positioning hole, wherein an effective cross section area Sn of an inner space of the outlet pipe at a position where the filtering component is installed is in a range of 50%˜90% of an original effective cross section area S0 of the inner space of the untreated outlet pipe at a position where the filtering component is to be installed.

Abstract: Air conditioning units, methods of manufacturing, inventories, and buildings wherein certain heat exchanger modules are combined to make air conditioning units. In some embodiments, different combinations of different size modules are used to produce air conditioning units having different capacities wherein some identical modules are used in different size units. Various heat exchanger assemblies include spacers between modules, bends formed after modules are assembled into heat exchanger assemblies, attachment rails at the ends of the modules, inactive multi-tubes at the top and bottom of the modules, copper tubing between aluminum modules to facilitate field replacement of individual modules, name plates that attach between modules, attachment clips or spacers that snap attach to the modules, or a combination thereof, as examples.

Abstract: A method for liquefying natural gas using the pressure energy of the natural gas, wherein flash vapor from natural gas depressurization is employed in a refrigeration cycle for subcooling high pressure natural gas prior to flashing.

Abstract: A condenser reboiler system located within a bottom region of a low pressure column of a double column arrangement that is used in an air separation system to separate air. The condenser reboiler system incorporates first and second heat exchangers of the down-flow type that are situated in a side-by-side relationship and with the first heat exchanger being shorter than the second heat exchanger so that the first heat exchanger will remain functional after a shut-down of the air separation system when the second heat exchanger(s) are not capable of operating due to liquid dumping into a sump region of the low pressure column. The side-by-side relationship allows the column to be fabricated without excessive height.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a jewelry ring (1) and a method for the production of such a jewelry ring (1). The jewelry ring consists of a first ring (2) having an inner surface area, a second ring (3) and a sliding ring (4), the latter is located between the first ring (2) and the second ring (3) to ease a preferably frictionless twistability of the two rings to each other.

Abstract: The slide for an Omega necklace has an ornamental front face and a catch attached to a rear face thereof. The slide has loops that an Omega necklace chain can slide through. The catch is preferably in the form of a figure 8 (or modified figure 8) safety clasp that is elongated and curved. The clasp may be fixed either vertically or horizontally on a hinge and snaps closed, having a first loop at one end that pivots in a tube and a second loop or buttonhole at the opposite end that engages a ball-shaped catch. The hinge may be oriented to accommodate either the vertical or horizontal arrangement. The curved clasp can accommodate the bails of various sizes and types of pendants, and allows the slide to be worn alone or with a pendant suspended from the slide.

Abstract: The present invention provides a molding die for molding glass, which includes a base member, on which a first buffer layer and a protective film are provided in order. The first buffer layer is made of titanium or any material which is easily attacked by a first attack solution. The first attack solution includes hydrofluoric acid. The protective film is made of platinum-iridium alloy, iridium-rhenium alloy, tantalum-ruthenium alloy, molybdenum-ruthenium alloy, molybdenum-rhenium alloy, or molybdenum-hafnium alloy. The method of repairing the molding die includes using the first attack solution to remove the first buffer layer that causes no damage on the base member, and then operating a sputtering process to build a new first buffer layer and a new protective layer on the base member.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a silver-containing polarizing boroaluminosilicate glass composition that has been doped with a noble metal selected from the group consisting of Pt, Pd, Os, Ir, Rh and Ru, including mixtures thereof, to nucleate and precipitate silver ions to silver metal without the need for a reducing atmosphere step. The invention is further directed to a method for making the glass composition of the invention. Using the composition and method of the invention, one can prepare a glass having a selected null transmission range.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method or an apparatus for bending a plate-like material such as a glass sheet for a side window having a double-curved surface for automobiles wherein the positioning of support frame and forming mold is performed with high precision.

Abstract: Heat in a stream of combustion products obtained from a glassmelting furnace heated by oxy-fuel combustion is passed to incoming glassmaking materials in a heat exchanger without requiring reduction of the temperature of the stream yet without causing softening of the glassmaking material.