Abstract: The present invention relates to a washing machine (1) comprising a motor (2), a main card (3) that provides the electronic control and a motor card (4) that enables the motor (2) to operate according to the commands provided by the main card (3).

Abstract: A disposable handcuff system restrains a person's wrists. The system has a flexible tie comprising a locking head, an elongated, substantially planar strap extending from the locking head having a through passageway, and a locking sleeve. The locking head and the locking sleeve have stops that permit the end of the strap to be readily inserted through the passageway and the locking sleeve, but inhibit withdrawal of the strap after it has been tightened around the wrists of the subject.

Abstract: An anti-theft arrangement for securing a portable object such as a laptop computer to an immovable object (27) by a cable (26) fastened at one end thereof to a key-operated locking device (20) adapted to become selectively locked against, and unlocked from, a side-wall (12) of the portable object. The arrangement comprises a polygonal opening (14) formed in the side-wall (12), a lock-body having a flat wall (28) formed with a fixed polygonal protrusion (30) configured to snugly fit into and through the opening (14). The locking device is accommodated within the lock-body (20) and comprises a rotor rotatable by a key over a pre-set angle equal to or less than 60°, and a polygonal element (32) of a size and shape identical to the polygonal protrusion (30) coupled to the rotor to rotate between an overlapping position and a non-overlapping position with respect to the protrusion (30).

Abstract: A drive unit (1) comprising at least one electric drive motor (2) that moves a functional element (3), wherein the functional element (3) assumes, during its movement, a stop position (4) for switching off an electric drive motor (2), and at least one frictional element (6) cooperating with the functional element (3), wherein the frictional element (6) is disposed along a segment of a motion pathway (5) before the functional element (3) reaches the stop position (4). In addition, a motor vehicle lock (10) having a central locking mechanism (11) with such a drive unit (1).

Abstract: The present utility model discloses a side hung type door or window handle lock, comprising a first lock body and a second lock body mounted on inner and outer sides of the door or window and sandwiching the door or window in between, wherein the first lock body comprises a first handle, the second lock body comprises a second handle, in the first lock body is provided an inclined tongue locking and controlling mechanism connected to the first and second handles and controlled by them to open and close, and wherein the inclined tongue locking and controlling mechanism comprises a locking and controlling member and an inclined tongue member which are connected and linked to each other. The handle lock according to the present utility model exhibits a simple structure, a less number of parts, convenient assembling, convenient opening and closing operations, and higher safety performance and universal use.

Abstract: Device for locking the door of a toilet cubicle comprising a door locking element operated manually from inside the cubicle, the said locking element allowing the vacant and engaged states of the cubicle to be selected and the door to be locked when the engaged state is selected, the said device including an information mechanism located on the door at least on the outside of the cubicle and providing at least two tactile and visual indicators of the state selected by the locking element, characterized in that the information mechanism includes raised pictograms to provide a tactile indicator.

Abstract: A steering lock device includes a main frame, a lock insertion hole formed on the main frame, a lock member slidably disposed in the lock insertion hole, a pin insertion portion formed on the lock member, a stopper housing portion formed on the main frame, a stopper pin housed in the stopper housing portion, and a trigger detachably disposed on the main frame. The stopper pin is urged toward a latch position by a stopper, and engaged, in a state of positioning at the latch position, with the pin insertion portion of the lock member positioning at the lock position. The trigger holds, in a state of being attached on the main frame, the stopper pin at an unlatch position by contacting with the stopper pin. First stepped portions for engaging with the stopper pin positioning at the latch position are disposed in a side of the unlock position, around an opening of the stopper housing portion and on a wall surface of the lock insertion hole facing to the opening.

Abstract: A method of forming a bottle-shaped or other contoured metal container by providing a hollow metal preform having a closed end and a wall thickness that decreases progressively in a direction away from the closed end, and subjecting the preform to internal fluid pressure to cause the preform to expand against the wall of a die cavity defining the desired container shape. The method may be employed in pressure-ram-forming procedures wherein a punch is advanced by means of a backing ram into the die cavity to displace and deform the closed end of the preform.

Abstract: A pipe chamfering device for chamfering an opening of a metal pipe has a secured member, a sliding member mounted on the secured member, and a chamfer cutting tool apron mounted on the sliding member. The secured member is secured onto a rotating plate, and a dovetail block is formed on a front side of the secured member. The sliding member has a dovetail slot on a rear side mounted correspondingly with and sliding along the dovetail block of the secured member. The sliding member has an axial aperture, and an axial rod is disposed in the axial aperture. A front end of the axial rod extends from a front side of the sliding member and is connected to a roller. The chamfer cutting tool apron has a chamfer cutting tool, and the chamfer cutting tool apron is mounted on the strip slot of the sliding member. The chamfer cutting tool is able to be driven by the rotating plate and is capable of forming a weld root with an even thickness at an opening of a non-circular pipe.

Abstract: A helical cord having an elliptical shape and the like is manufactured so that a length-to-width ratio or a dimension of a shaped form of the cord to be shaped in a longitudinal direction can be changed. A cord (C) is sequentially passed through through holes (21H, 22H) of stationary and movable shaping bodies (21, 22) opposing each other of a shaping device (20). At that time, the movable shaping body (22) is moved along the stationary shaping body (21) by a moving device so that the through holes (21H, 22H) become eccentric with respect to each other, and the cord (C) passing between the eccentric through holes (21H, 22H) is bent and deformed so as to be shaped.

Abstract: The present invention provides an expansion die for manufacturing containers including a work surface including a progressively expanding portion and a land portion; and an undercut portion positioned following the land portion of the work surface. The present invention further provides a process for manufacturing shaped containers including providing a container stock having a first diameter; expanding at least a portion of the container stock to a second diameter with at least one expansion die; and forming an end of the container stock to accept a container lid.

Abstract: To fulfill the high requirement of precision in a test stand environment, a method and a device for calibrating a torque measurement unit is proposed, with which a calibration process can be performed very easily, flexibly and precisely, and simultaneously, the safety requirements can be met as well. To do so, a torque measurement unit 3 is connected with an dynamometer 2, a set point speed nsoll larger than 0 Umin?1 is specified for a speed regulator 10, whereby the speed regulator 10 generates a set point torque Tsoll, which is upwardly limited by a reference torque limit Tmax that can be specified and the reference torque that is limited in this way, is specified to the dynamometer 2 as reference torque Tstell.

Abstract: The transduction scale factor for a MEMS gyroscope is calibrated without moving the MEMS device based on measurements of the resonator resonance frequency and the accelerometer resonance frequency as well as a distance value that may be a fixed distance value or a measured distance value. The measured distance value may be obtained by measuring the quality factor of the resonator or accelerometer and deriving the measured distance value from the quality factor measurement.

Abstract: A system and method is disclosed for calibrating a semiconductor wafer handling robot and a semiconductor wafer cassette. A robot blade boot is attached to a robot blade of the semiconductor handling robot. The robot blade boot decreases a value of tolerance for the robot blade to move between two semiconductor wafers in the semiconductor wafer cassette. In one embodiment the vertical tolerance is decreased to approximately twenty thousandths of an inch (0.020?) on a top and a bottom of the robot blade boot. The use of the robot blade boot makes the calibration steps more critical and precise. The robot blade boot is removed from the robot blade after the calibration process has been completed.

Abstract: The system includes a mobile vessel having a body axis and a steering mechanism. A three-axis gyroscope is mounted within the vessel. A three-axis magnetometer is mounted within the vessel. A programmable device communicates with the three-axis gyroscope, the three-axis magnetometer, and the steering mechanism. The three-axis gyroscope may include three single axis gyroscopes.

Abstract: Disclosed is a devvpoinl and icing condition detection apparatus that includes a sensor, a signal conditioner and a data acquisition device. The sensor is a carbon nanotube sensor having a resistance that varies in proportion to a change in humidity of a gas flow across the sensor.

Abstract: A method of measuring density of a sterilant aerosol e.g. aqueous hydrogen peroxide, in a gas stream (such as a stream of air) for the purposes of measuring sterilant dosage comprising: passing a gas stream at flow rate past an electrically heated element and measuring a first cooling effect, passing an aerosol suspended in a gas stream at flow rate past an electrically heated element and measuring a second cooling effect and measuring the difference between the first cooling effect and second cooling effect and correlating the difference with aerosol density. The total dosage can thus be determined. A measured dosage of a sterilant aerosol can be delivered by way of a feedback loop to halt further delivery of sterilant aerosol when the amount of aerosol delivered reaches a predetermined dosage. The methods allow sterilization to be certified.

Abstract: A method for determining the permeability of a petroliferous reservoir comprising injecting a tagged organic molecule into the reservoir at a first location, and detecting a signal associated with tagged organic molecule at a second location in the reservoir, wherein the tagged organic molecule comprises a radionuclide having a half-life of less than a month. In certain embodiments, the tagged organic molecule comprises a radionuclide selected from the group consisting of iodine-131 and fluorine-18.

Abstract: A method of determining surface pore diameter distribution of a porous material is provided. A compressed gas is charged from backside of a sample of a porous body, a surface of the sample is immersed into a liquid wetting agent, and a gas pressure is regulated from high to low, such that pore mouths of the surface of the porous body are blocked by the wetting agent in an order from small to large pore sizes, and a gas flow rate is more rapidly decreased. When the pressure is decreased to a value, the gas flow rate is reduced to zero and the pressure at this time is corresponding to the largest pore mouth size of the surface of the porous body. The pore size distribution is determined by comparing the obtained gas pressure—flow rate curve (wet curve) with a gas pressure—flow rate curve (dry curve) obtained for the sample under a dry state. The pore size and the pore distribution are calculated based on the conventional bubble pressure method.

Abstract: A liquid chromatograph provided here is adapted to enable the lengths of tubing for connecting the respective constituent elements thereof to be minimized by making the positions of the respective constituent elements including a detector and a column movable and adjustable in order to reduce the dead volume in a liquid chromatograph system in plumbing and increase the analytical precision through prevention of diffusion of samples and rapid sending of a mixed liquid solvent. Furthermore, in order to prevent cross-contamination due to residues of samples and cleaning liquid in a flow channel of the liquid chromatograph system, an injection port in which a needle can be inserted is so provided as to communicate directly with a flow channel of an injection valve.

Abstract: A method of providing error correction to flow velocity readings of a fluid flowing through a filter arrangement for monitoring the service life of the filter, wherein a filter arrangement, comprising a filter and a sensor device is arranged downstream of the filter, the sensor device including at least one measuring sensor for detecting the flow velocity of the fluid which flows through the filter, and a further measuring sensor for measuring the air humidity of the fluid which flows through the filter. A reading of said second sensor element provides an error correction to the first sensor element.

Abstract: A method of determining opening of an intake valve of an internal combustion engine, the method including the steps of: determining the time pattern of an intake pressure in an intake manifold of the internal combustion engine, the time pattern of the rotation speed of a drive shaft of the internal combustion engine, or the time pattern of a voltage at the terminals of a battery of the internal combustion engine; determining an intake-frequency component of the intake pressure, the rotation speed, or the voltage; and determining opening of the intake valve as a function of the intake-frequency component of the intake pressure, and also as a function of the intake-frequency component of the rotation speed or voltage.

Abstract: Systems and methods for direct and indirect measurement of the density of a fluid which exhibits sag characteristics is disclosed. The sag measurement system includes a test container for holding a fluid mixture to be analyzed and a suction port on the test container. A pump is coupled to the suction port for circulating the fluid mixture from the test container through a circulation loop. A measurement device is coupled to the circulation loop and a return port directs the fluid mixture from the circulation loop back to the test container at substantially the same vertical location as the suction port. The fluid mixture flowing through the circulation loop passes through the measurement device before returning to the test container through the return port. The measurement device is operable to monitor the particle distribution of the fluid mixture as it changes due to gravity.

Abstract: A constant temperature anemometer is disclosed. The anemometer includes electrically conductive pins including a first set of pins and a second set of pins. A conductor is coupled to the electrically coupled pins. A current source is configured to provide a current through the conductor between the first set of pins. A voltage sensor is configured to measure the voltage across the conductor between the second set of pins. The current source and voltage sensor are configured to maintain a constant resistance of the conductor between the first set of pins.

Abstract: A rotary positive displacement flowmeter of the type utilizing two displacement rotors and a blocking rotor with the blocking rotor having a single recess and the displacement rotor cylinders being of substantially similar size as the blocking rotor, resulting in a uniform flowpath through the flowmeter with alignment of the rotor axes in a 180 degree plane.

Abstract: A method of using of a level meter employing the radar principle, serving to measure the fill level of a medium in a container and incorporating an electric conductor system for conducting an electromagnetic signal into the container and returning reflected components of the electromagnetic signal from the container, the electric conductor system terminating at a predefined level in the container. In practicing the method a variation of the component of the electromagnetic signal reflected at the container-oriented end of the conductor system is utilized as an indicator of the attainment of the predefined fill level by the medium. This permits the detection of very small amounts of a medium for instance in the monitoring of drain pipes, spillway basins or leak-detection systems.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for the cast level measurement in a mold by means of sensors for fiber optic temperature detection, which are disposed in the mold copper plate at the height of the casting level. The invention further comprises respective sensors. Fiber optic cables are disposed in said sensors, which allow simple, reliable and highly locally resolved temperature monitoring at the height of the casting level by means of a suitable temperature analysis system. By means of the temperatures determined by the sensors, a conclusion can be made as to the exact height of the casting level. Furthermore, the shape of the casting level shaft may be determined by means of which further parameters of the casting process become accessible.

Abstract: A torsional sensor for sensing at least one parameter of a fluid is disclosed. The torsional sensor includes a torsional portion coupled to a reference portion and including a plurality of projections extending outward and spaced apart from each other. At least a portion of the torsional sensor is mountable for immersion in the fluid and operable to propagate a torsional wave that interacts with the fluid along the at least portion of the torsional sensor so as to affect propagation of the torsional wave in a manner dependent on the at least one parameter of the fluid.

Abstract: The measuring transducer comprises: a transducer housing, of which an inlet-side, housing end is formed by means of a flow divider including four flow openings spaced, and an outlet-side, formed by means of a flow divider including four flow openings spaced, from one another. A tube arrangement including four curved measuring tubes connected to the flow dividers for guiding flowing medium along flow paths connected in parallel. Each measuring tubes opens with an inlet-side, measuring tube end into one of the flow openings of the flow divider and with an outlet-side, measuring tube end into one the flow openings of the flow divider. The two flow dividers are embodied and arranged in the measuring transducer, so that the tube arrangement extends both between a first and a second of the measuring tubes and between a third and a fourth of the measuring tubes.

Abstract: The invention provides a device for the gravimetric detection of particles in a fluid medium, simultaneously providing a high quality factor, easier operating conditions, small size and low production costs. For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a device for the gravimetric detection of particles in a fluid medium, comprising a flat electromechanical oscillator (1), means for supporting the oscillator and means for actuating said oscillator, said means being designed to ensure that the oscillator (1) vibrates in its plane, said device further including a channel (4) for passage of the fluid, said channel being in fluid communication with a through-cavity (1b) made in said oscillator.

Abstract: An oscillatory measurement system is disclosed that includes a visual recorder for detecting irregularities such as bubbles in a fluid to be measured. Techniques are provided for scanning the recorder across the oscillatory tube.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a tensioned sample tube that receives a fluid sample, the tensioned sample tube has a pre-determined tension applied thereto. A vibration source and a vibration detector are coupled to the tensioned sample tube. A method of estimating a property of a fluid comprises tensioning a sample tube to a predetermined tension. A sample of the fluid is received in the tensioned sample tube. The tensioned sample tube is vibrated. A resonant frequency of the tensioned sample tube is detected. The property of the fluid is estimated based on the detected resonant frequency of the tensioned sample tube.

Abstract: An exemplary vibrating structure gyroscope includes a ring structure, an external frame and a flexible support including a pair of symmetrical compliant legs arranged to retain the ring structure within the external frame. A metal track is provided on an upper surface of the ring structure, the compliant legs and the external frame, over an insulating surface oxide layer. Each flexible support is arranged to carry a metal track associated with a single drive or pick-off transducer. The metal track is repeated for eight circuits, one circuit for each transducer. Each circuit of metal track associated with a transducer begins at a first bond-pad on the external frame, runs along a first compliant leg, across an eighth segment of the ring structure and back along the other compliant leg to a second bond-pad on the external frame.

Abstract: A physical quantity sensor includes a sensing portion, a casing, a vibration isolating member, an electrically conductive portion, a pad and a bonding wire. The casing encases the sensing portion therein. The vibration isolating member is disposed between the sensing portion and the casing to reduce a relative vibration between the sensing portion and the casing. The bonding wire electrically connects the electrically conductive portion provided on the casing and the pad provided on a surface of the sensing portion. The bonding wire extends from the pad to the electrically conductive portion and includes a bend. The bonding wire is configured to satisfy a relation of 20×d?h, in which d is an outer diameter of the bonding wire, and h is a dimension of the bonding wire with respect to a direction perpendicular to the surface of the sensing portion.

Abstract: Imaging devices for measuring a structure of a surface and methods of use are provided. In certain embodiments, an imaging device includes at least one nano-mechanical resonator pair. The pair includes a reference resonator having a reference resonant frequency, and a sense resonator having a first sense resonant frequency. The device is configured to expose the sense resonator to the surface such that the sense resonator has a second sense resonant frequency. The device is also configured to measure the structure of the surface based on a difference between the second sense resonant frequency and the reference resonant frequency. In certain embodiments, an imaging device for measuring the structure of a surface includes an array of sense nano-electromechanical resonators. In certain embodiments, the array of single nano-electromechanical resonators is advantageously arranged in a staggered configuration.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for acquiring and processing data from a plurality of different sensor types for non-destructive testing of metallic structures. An electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) signal, an eddy current (EC) signal, a magnetic flux leakage (MFL) signal, and a deflection signal are acquired from each of a plurality of localized regions of a metallic structure, and are processed to characterize one or more features of the metallic structure based on at least two of the EMAT, EC, MFL, and deflection signals acquired from a common localized region in which at least a portion of the feature is located. An integrated multi-sensor device for non-destructive may be used to provide the EC, EMAT, MFL, and deflection signals for each of the plurality of localized regions of the metallic structure. Such integrated multi-sensor devices may be configured to provide an in-line inspection tool, such as an intelligent pig that is used to inspect the integrity of pipelines.

Abstract: A monitoring system for an assembly that is subject to vibrations. The system has a first unit for monitoring vibrations. The monitoring system permits the connection of a sensor unit that detects one or more measured values. A measured value converter with inputs for one or more measured values is provided to convert the values into a temporally variable analogue signal, in which at least one frequency portion represents one measured value. Other detected measured values and status parameters can thus be processed in one vibration monitoring unit.

Abstract: An optical fiber type vibration meter including a light source, an incident side optical fiber guiding light from the light source, a vibration probe to which a guided light is made incident, an optical receiver photoelectric-converting light modulated by a vibration of a weight and a movable coil arranged in the vibration probe to output the light as an electrical signal, a processor processing the electrical signal to output a state of the vibration as an output voltage value, a velocity pickup converting a velocity of the weight and the movable coil arising from the vibration of the weight and the movable coil into an electrical current, a solenoidal coil generating a magnetic field by the electrical current, and a magnetic field sensor attenuating an amount of light guided to the vibration probe according to an intensity of the magnetic field.

Abstract: The invention relates to a housing (2) for a drive device, especially for an adjusting device and/or a windshield wiper drive in a motor vehicle, comprising a pressure compensating membrane (4) obturating a housing opening (7). The invention is characterized in that the pressure compensating membrane (4) has a peripheral sealing surface (11) which extends continuously in the direction of circumference. The invention further relates to a drive device and to a method for testing the operativeness of a pressure compensating membrane (4).

Abstract: A pressure sensor assembly having a pressure tube, in which a diaphragm is situated as a pressure pickup, and having means for detecting the diaphragm deformations, which allow a spatial separation between the measuring medium acting on the diaphragm and the means for detecting the diaphragm deformations. The diaphragm of this pressure sensor assembly includes at least two diaphragm sections oriented at an angle to one another. A first diaphragm section is situated as a partition diaphragm in the cross-section of the pressure tube, while at least one second diaphragm section forms an area of the wall of the pressure tube as a side wall diaphragm. The means for detecting diaphragm deformations are situated on the outer side of the pressure tube on the side wall diaphragm.

Abstract: An interoperable vacuum measuring device is presented, which automatically adjusts to one of two or more vacuum sensors having different electrical characteristics. The interoperable vacuum measuring device in a first step detects which type of vacuum sensor it is connected to. In a second step it controls and evaluates the vacuum sensor, using control parameters determined in response to the detection of the first step. Detection of a vacuum sensor type is achieved by measuring the electrical resistance between any two pins of a vacuum sensor's connector and comparing the measured resistance values with stored resistance values of known vacuum sensors. Further, a vacuum measuring device is presented, which automatically identifies a vacuum sensor, and associates a vacuum pressure measurement with a vacuum sensor. The identification of a vacuum sensor is facilitated by an identification disk, which is placed onto and operatively connected to the male terminals of a vacuum sensor's connector.

Abstract: Sensor arrangement including a torque sensor for measuring the torque acting on a first shaft, the sensor arrangement having a rotational angle index unit which is designed in such a manner that it can detect and/or identify the angular position of the first shaft with respect to a defined rotational angle and/or defined rotational angle range.

Abstract: A method of determining fatigue of a pressure-resistant component for high-pressure hydrogen made of a ferritic steel and provided in a high-pressure hydrogen gas environment is provided wherein when the material of the ferritic steel in the air has an ultimate tensile strength Su in the range of 958-1,144 MPa and the hydrogen gas environment has a pressure in a range to 45 MPa, then a fatigue strength in a gaseous hydrogen SH (MPa) for the pressure-resistant component provided in the high-pressure hydrogen gas environment is obtained by using equation (1): SH (MPa)=2,577?1.8925×Su (MPa). The influence of a high-pressure hydrogen gas environment on the pressure-resistant component for high-pressure hydrogen is determined based on the fatigue strength obtained by using the equation (1).

Abstract: A loading device is provided, including a first member, a second member, a first clamping member, a second clamping member, and an actuator. The first member includes a first surface, where the first surface contacts a first side of a test piece. The second member includes a second surface, for contacting a second side of the test piece. The first clamping member includes a first clamping surface for contacting the second side of the test piece. The second clamping member is fixedly secured to the second member. The actuator exerts a predetermined force driving the second member in a first direction away from the first member, and a second direction towards the first member.

Abstract: A document handling device has a support frame with four legs, at least one of which is height-adjustable. The support frame includes a torsion meter and a display for displaying a torsion of the support frame. The display is arranged in a position where it is visible for a person adjusting the height of the at least one height-adjustable leg. In an embodiment, it is possible to perform state detection between subsequent droplet ejections, thereby obtaining a highly reliable inkjet process.

Abstract: A cooling water measurement system for a gradient system of an imaging system, such as a magnetic resonance system, is provided. A volume of cooling water flowing through at least one gradient system cooling water tube of the gradient system per unit of time is determined. The gradient system cooling water measurement system includes a voltage measurement system for measuring a Hall voltage.

Abstract: Provided is a waterproofing apparatus for an electrical cable end of the invention, in which, for waterproofing of an electrical cable end, the electrical cable end is placed in a high pressure atmosphere such that a liquid waterproofing agent dispensed onto the electrical cable end permeates the inside of a sheathed electrical cable, the apparatus is provided with; a first accommodating section that accommodates the electrical cable end to which a liquid waterproofing agent is applied, a sealing device that seals the first accommodating section, and a pressurizing device that feeds air into the first accommodating section.

Abstract: An objective of the invention is to provide a multilayered flow passage member that enhances fluid measurement accuracy of an ultrasonic fluid measurement apparatus and an ultrasonic fluid measurement apparatus using the multilayered flow passage member. When fusible projections 20 are fused by a heating head 21 while partition plates 11 are inserted into side plates 13 and 14, a fused state provided by the heating head 21 changes according to either side of each of the partition plates 11, because fuse surfaces at leading ends of the respective fusible projections 20 are sloped in the vertical direction. An outermost end of each of fusible projections 25 that first contacts the heating head 21 is first fused. During a course of the fusible projections 25 being fused toward their roots, the partition plates 11 are pressed against ends of respective insert holes 17a that are on the opposite side of the outermost ends that are first fused.

Abstract: A motorless mass flowmeter in accordance with one embodiment of the invention comprises a turbine subassembly, a drum, and an impeller. The drum is rigidly connected to the turbine subassembly such that the drum rotates in accompaniment to rotation of the turbine subassembly. The impeller is rotationally coupled to the drum by way of a spring that allows relative rotation against the bias of the spring. The turbine subassembly has jets and bypass valves. The turbine subassembly may be implemented in the form of a laminated bypass valve structure. The laminated bypass valve structure may include an entrance layer having entrance port(s), a closure layer having closure member(s), an exit layer defining exit passage(s), and an intermediary layer forming conduit(s) for guiding fluid from entrance port(s) to exit passage(s).

Abstract: A torque sensor detects a torque acting on a torsion bar provided between a first shaft and a second shaft on the basis of a magnetic flux density led to a rotating magnetic circuit portion from a magnetism generating portion. The magnetism generating portion includes a back yoke and a ring magnet. The back yoke includes a fitting portion fitted onto the first shaft, a joint portion to which the ring magnet is joined, and a stress reduction cutout that suppresses a transmission of a deformation stress generated in a radial direction of the fitting portion to the joint portion.