Abstract: The present invention relates to an aqueous direct dye formulation, comprising (a) 5 to 25% by weight of a dye composition comprising (a1) 50-99% by weight of one or more dyes obtainable by reduction or thermal treatment of Direct Yellow 11, and (a2) 1-50% by weight of a blue, black and/or red direct dye, (all based on the dye composition); (b) up to 0.9% by weight of a saturated, cyclic or acyclic water-soluble amine comprising a primary, secondary or tertiary amino group and at least one further functional group selected from primary, secondary and tertiary amino groups, OH groups and ether groups; and (c) up to 0.9% by weight of urea; and (d) water, wherein the percentages for (a), (b), and (c) relate to the total weight of the aqueous direct dye formulation. The invention moreover relates to a process for their preparation and the use thereof for the dyeing, in particular of paper, as well as paper which has been dyed with this aqueous direct dye formulation.

Abstract: A board cleaning apparatus is provided which removes foreign substances sticking to the surface of a board for fabricating precast concrete articles using a brush which rotates in a horizontal direction, and in which a suction duct is provided to suck dust particles generated when the foreign substances are removed. The board cleaning apparatus includes a feeder unit that feeds a board, a power generator that generates power, and a power transmission that transmits power generated by the power generator, wherein a brush is disposed at a lower end portion of the power generator in a vertical direction from the board.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a shoe and foot cleaning apparatus. The apparatus includes a mounting unit for installing the apparatus into the ground and an internal frame. Positioned onto the internal frame is a collection plate, a rotational drive system, a motor. The plurality of brush pads are removably positioned along the rotational drive system, and can travel along the path of the drive system. A portion of the brush pads can extend through a plurality of slots positioned at the top of the apparatus in order to clean the shoe and foot of a user.

Abstract: The electric U or H toothbrush is for the daily use of cleaning teeth. Its toothbrush head is in U or H shape. Inside the U or H shape toothbrush head, there are rotators driven by an electric motor. Brushes extend from these rotators inward facing the top, front and back of teeth. During tooth brushing, the user turn on a switch, the electric U or H Toothbrush cleans all surfaces of the teeth at same time, which makes it very efficient. It minimizes the hard to reach areas on the back of teeth, which makes it more effective on tooth cleaning. Elastic materials are used to allow the toothbrush head deforming to fit with teeth of different sizes. Humps are designed inside the toothbrush head to control the deformation. A toothbrush handle is designed that it can rotate with respect to the toothbrush head for convenient use.

Abstract: A hand-operated drain snake is provided. The snake includes a first shaft having a first longitudinal axis, an auger disposed on an exterior surface of the first shaft, a second shaft having a second longitudinal axis, and a transverse member. A proximal end of the first shaft is disposed on one side of the transverse member and a proximal end of the second shaft is disposed on an opposite side of the transverse member such that the first axis is substantially parallel to the second axis, and the first axis is offset from the second axis by an offset distance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cleaning implement for cleaning a surface, in particular for cleaning grout or the like textured surfaces. In particular, the instant invention allows for a complete cleaning of a surface with a multi-component cleaning implement having a replaceable melamine member that is held by a supporting member. To allow ease of cleaning, the supporting member further includes an abrasive film and an absorbent sponge allowing the consumer to thoroughly clean with a melamine member yet allow removal of all residual melamine and dirty water by the use of a single all inclusive cleaning implement.

Abstract: An extendable toothbrush for assisting a person with impaired mobility of the arms. The toothbrush has an extendable neck that locks in place at various lengths. The toothbrush is capable of extending to twice its retracted length, thus allowing a user to reach their mouth without having to raise their arm. Rotating head and brush implements further increase mobility and access to different areas of the mouth. A removable toothpick tool is attached to the handle of the toothbrush for cleaning in between teeth.

Abstract: The invention relates to a toothbrush with a neck piece and a brush body, comprising a head piece connected thereto, conventional bristles and at least one soft elastic cleaning element. According to the invention, the conventional bristles are mounted on a support element made from hard plastic. The above is connected to the brush body by means of a recess on the head piece which matches the support element. The at least one cleaning element is arranged on the head piece and directly connected to the brush body. The invention further relates to a method for production of such a toothbrush.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cleaning apparatus that includes an insertable member formed of a wearing material and a holding member, composed of an absorbent material, having a cavity formed therein that is dimensioned to allow selective removal and reinsertion of the insertable member. In one embodiment, the wearing material may be melamine based foam having with a density of 80-150 kg/m3. The holding member may also be comprised on one side of an absorbent material and on the other side of an abrasive, non-scratch surface. The cleaning apparatus may further include a holding fastener affixed to the holding member and an insertable member fastener affixed to the insertable member to removeably secure the insertable member to the holding member. These fasteners may be selected from hook and loop fasteners such as Velcro®, double-sided tape, any other reusable adhesive material, or any device capable of fastening the members together.

Abstract: A versatile, flexible scrubbing apparatus comprising a rope having a first end and a second end wherein the rope may comprise one or more twisted strands wherein one or more filaments may be captured between the one or more strands and/or twists of the rope. The one or more filaments may be positioned essentially perpendicular or at predetermined angles to the length of rope. A handle may be attached to both the first and second end of the rope, wherein user manipulation of the handles may act to pull the rope across the bottom surface of a boat to clean the hull.

Abstract: Flat wiper blade for use in windscreen wiper modules of vehicles, essentially consisting of a wiping rubber in addition to two spring rails, extending in the longitudinal direction of the wiper blade, spaced apart from one another and receiving the wiping rubber in a subsection between them, which each respectively project over the wiping rubber on the wiper blade longitudinal sides and with at least one jet or injection strip provided on one longitudinal side of the wiper blade, having at least one injection or washing duct with a large number of jet or injection openings for application of a washing and cleaning fluid to a vehicle windscreen and which, with use of clip-like fixtures spanning the wiper blade on the upper side of the wiper blade, is retained on the external peripheries of the spring rails.

Abstract: A heated wiper blade for motor vehicles includes an elongated flexible beam and a heating element extending along the beam. The heating element may be configured to provide increased heat at the central portion of the blade and at the opposite ends of the blade. The flexible beam may include curved end portions and a flat or reduced curvature central portion. The heating element is preferably covered and sealed off to prevent loss of heat energy.

Abstract: A vacuum cleaner comprises a user-controllable clutch assembly for selectively engaging an agitator assembly. The clutch assembly generally comprises an axially displaceable drive member that is selectively engageable by rotating ramps that engage stationary cam lobes. In one embodiment, the clutch module is mounted to the foot housing and is intermediately connected between the vacuum motor/fan shaft and the agitator. In a second embodiment, the clutch module is mounted axially on the agitator shaft. In a third embodiment, a linkage interconnects a handle detent pedal to the clutch module to automatically engage the clutch when a user depresses the detent pedal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a wheel assembly with a single fixing arm capable of being disposed on a luggage, the wheel assembly comprises: an assembly body, a wheel frame, a first pad, a circular plate, a ring pad, an assembly shaft, an auxiliary wheel, a bearing mechanism, and a wheel, wherein the assembly shaft being punched through assembly body, the wheel frame, the first pad, the circular plate, and the ring pad, so as to combine the assembly body and the wheel frame. The auxiliary wheel is adapted to maintain the stability of the wheel when the wheel is on a rotating state; moreover, the wheel can stop rotating when applying a force to the auxiliary wheel.

Abstract: A strap hinge for connecting a leaf to a frame so as to pivot about a hinge axis includes a first joint hinge with a first fastening part and a first hinge part. A second joint hinge with a second fastening part and a second hinge part is connected to the second joint hinge so as to pivot about the hinge axis. The second hinge part is configured so as to tilt about a tilt axis extending approximately parallel to the hinge axis. The tilt axis is defined by at least one contact surface, which is curved in a circle-like shape. The at least one contact surface is arranged on the strap hinge receiving element and is configured to abut against a respective counter contact surface arranged on the second fastening part. The respective counter contact surface is curved in an approximately complementary manner to the at least one contact surface.

Abstract: A hinge mechanism includes a shaft with shaft portion, shaft sleeve, first torque spring, and first sliding member. The shaft sleeve defines a through hole for the shaft portion extending through, a slot extending substantially parallel to the through hole, and forms hooks extending from two opposite sides of the slot. The first sliding member goes over the shaft sleeve, and the first torque spring includes a first end fixed to the shaft and a second end extending through the slot and then fixed to the first sliding member. The first torque provides torque to prevent the shaft sleeve from rotating to the shaft. When the first sliding member is moved along the shaft sleeve to compress the first torque spring, the torque can be adjusted.

Abstract: Hinge (1) with one pivoting (2) and one fixed (3) hinge leaf, with a physical hinge axle (7) similar to a hollow cylinder which is common to both hinge leaves (2, 3) with an imaginary mathematical axis (4). The hinge axle (7) is connected unmovably to the pivoting (2) hinge leaf and mounted rotatably on a journal bearing (5-1, 5-2), the body of which journal bearing is connected rigidly with the fixed (3) hinge leaf. In the hinge axle (7) a spiral torsion spring (8) arranged, the first (8-1) of whose two ends is connected unmovably to the hinge axle (7) and the second (8-2) of whose two ends is connected via a worm-gear unit consisting of a worm wheel (9) and endless screw (6) to the journal-bearing body of the journal bearing (5-1). The worm wheel (9) is arranged in the journal bearing (5-1) to rotate around the axis (4) of the hinge axle (7) and is fixed permanently to the second (8-2) of the two ends of the spiral torsion spring (8).

Abstract: A custom cuff link structure and a method for making the same that allows for the use of the cuff link with both shirts that have cuffs specifically designed to receive cuff links and shirts that are designed with simple button and buttonhole cuffs. The structure and method use ordinary buttons or other toggles and clothing accessories that are modified to incorporate looped strands of a clear polymer fiber to allow the retention of the button like component on the cuff of the shirt. A first embodiment allows the manufacture of customized cuff links utilizing polymer based fibers or button like objects selected by the maker. A second embodiment anticipates factory made cuff links that incorporate the same basic design. Use of the cuff links may be in conjunction with shirt cuffs not specifically intended for use with cuff links, whereby a hidden button may be connected with the looped polymer fiber.

Abstract: A trigger grip includes a body comprising an upper jaw extending laterally, a pivot section depending from one end of the upper jaw, and a sleeve section depending from the other end of the upper jaw, the sleeve section including a slot and an extension depending from the slot; a pivotal link pivotably secured to the pivot section; a lever comprising a first hole at one end, a second hole at the other end, and a protuberance depending from the other end, the lever being inserted through the slot with its first hole pivotably secured to the pivotal link; and a bifurcated gripping seat pivotably secured to the pivotal link and comprising a jaw member engaged with the upper jaw from below in an inoperative position.

Abstract: A trigger grip includes a body comprising an upper jaw extending laterally, a pivot section depending from one end of the upper jaw, and a sleeve section depending from the other end of the upper jaw, the sleeve section including a slot and an extension depending from the slot; a pivotal link pivotably secured to the pivot section and comprising a jaw member disposed below the upper jaw in an inoperative position; and a lever comprising a first hole at one end, a second hole at the other end, and a protuberance depending from the other end, the lever being inserted through the slot with its first hole pivotably secured to the pivotal link.

Abstract: The present invention relates to self-locking devices for locking cords against longitudinal movement and maintaining the cords in a locked position even with no tension on the cords. In one embodiment, a cord locking device includes a body and a slide piece for locking two cord segments. The body includes a housing, and the slide piece slides within the housing. The slide piece includes two ears, each having a cord channel through which one of the cord segments may pass, and two arms extending toward the housing, with a substantially upwardly extending tab at the free end of each arm. The cord segments pass through the housing and between the inside surface of the housing and a toothed wedge at a lower end of the slide piece. The toothed wedge grips the cord segments and locks them in place when they are pulled downwardly in the direction that the wedge is tapered. Additional downward tension applied to the cords causes the wedge to grip the cords even more tightly, further locking them in place.

Abstract: Disclosed is a pipe joint restraint system for restraining two coupled pipe ends or a pipe end and at least one fitting. The device is used in conjunction with a hubless coupling or a No-Hub® coupling designed for drainage and sewer pipes of no pressure or low pressure. At least two adjustable circumferential bands with an abrasive grit material adhesively attached to the interior contact portion of the bands are situated one on each side of the hubless coupling, and are fixedly joined by a plurality of spread restrictor braces. The spread restrictor braces contain 45 degree upward bends to create a space between the adjustable circumferential bands and the pipe for the coupling which serve to prevent separation of the pipe connection under pressure conditions. The pipe joint restraint assembly may be tightened by a fastener assembly containing fully threaded bolts, a barrel nut, and a trunnion.

Abstract: A multi-purpose adjustable retaining device comprising: at least one cord having a length; at least two attachment means for affixation to an article to be retained, each attachment means fastened to a point along the length of a cord with a distance between them; and at least one adjustment means for changing the length of cord between at least two attachment means. The cord may be an elastic cord having a circular cross-section, and the adjustment means comprising a cord lock adapted to slidingly engage the cord and to release its engagement by a spring-loaded push button mechanism. Clips having a spring-activated mechanism may be used for affixation to the article. The clip may further have a closure means for securely retaining the clip in gripping engagement with an article.

Abstract: A fastening assembly for attaching a ferrous metal baking pan to a baking rack, the baking rack having a plurality of bars, the fastening assembly including an “E” plate having a stem and a plurality of arms, a pair of bar receiving channels, the channels consisting of the arms' interstices; at least a first permanent magnet; and a concavity and seal combination interconnecting the at least first permanent magnet and a medial arm among the “E” plate's plurality of arms.

Abstract: The gathering device is used for gathering and securing a flexible fabric and includes a generally planar main body, and at least one slotted opening having at least two sides. The main body is a resilient material having flexibility and a relatively high friction coefficient. The sides of the slotted opening are very close to one another when the gathering device is not in use. The slotted opening(s) may include a zig-zag pattern or a single peak (which can be sharp or curved) which provides a tooth or a plurality of “teeth”. Where two slotted openings are employed, the fabric is preferably pulled one direction through the first slotted opening and an opposite direction through the other slotted opening; if the openings include teeth, the resiliency of the main body creates opposing frictional forces on the material.

Abstract: A coupler system for connecting elongate, horizontally disposed rods to vertical supports includes a top-cap component for attaching to the top of a vertical support, and including a body with plural cavities formed therein, and at least one ball-cap component for attaching to an end of a rod, and including a ball region that is constructed to fit within one of the plural cavities of the top-cap component. The body may be formed with four of the plural cavities, with each of them having beveled edges. The ball-cap components may include a ball region, a neck region, and an angled region located adjacent the neck region and away from the ball region. The top-cap and ball-cap components may include insertion regions with opposing sets of ribs. The coupler system may further include a cover component, and the body may be formed with a central hole for receiving a fastener that secures the cover component to the top-cap component.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a piezoelectric element includes a process for forming a first conductive layer, a process for forming a piezoelectric layer having a region serving as an active region, a process for forming a second conductive layer, which overlaps with the region, a process for forming a third conductive layer, which overlaps with the region, on the second conductive layer, a process for forming an opening portion that divides the third conductive layer into a first portion and a second portion, a process for forming a resist layer that covers the opening portion and a peripheral portion at the side of the opening portion of the first portion and the second portion; a process for etching the third conductive layer to form a first conductive portion and a second conductive portion, and a process for etching the second conductive layer to form a third conductive portion.

Abstract: An assembly apparatus includes a spline sleeve defining a central hole having an inner surface defining a plurality of first and second sliding grooves, a first connecting member and a second connecting member positioned on opposite ends of the spline sleeve, a sliding member sildably received in the spline sleeve and having at least one first key portion slidably received in the corresponding first sliding groove, a rotation member rotatable relative to the sliding member and including a plurality of second key portions selectively slidably engaged in the corresponding first sliding grooves and interfering with the corresponding second sliding grooves, a first elastic member abutting the first connecting member and the rotation member, a second elastic member abutting the second connecting member and the sliding member, and a knockout pin assembly fixed to the sliding member and slidable relative to the second connecting member.

Abstract: A method for preparing a shower area to receive an integrated bonding flange drain prior to installing the integrated bonding flange drain comprises: ensuring that suitable plumbing exists below a subfloor of the shower area to accommodate the integrated bonding flange drain, the plumbing including at least a drain fitting operable to mate with a lower section of the integrated bonding flange drain; ensuring that a suitable opening is formed in the subfloor through which the integrated bonding flange drain can be disposed when accommodated by the plumbing; temporarily installing within the drain fitting a lower section of a mock drain; and orienting an upper section of the mock drain such that an uppermost section of the mock drain is elevated at least as high as to be substantially flush with the subfloor of the shower area when the lower section of the mock drain is mated with the drain fitting.

Abstract: A vehicle seat frame provides a tilting feature for tilting the seat cushion. The frame includes side brackets (20) with a torsion tube (60) laterally-extending through an aperture (100) of the side brackets. The torsion tube is fitted against the side bracket through an internal swaging procedure to allow smooth rotation of the torsion tube within the side brackets. The torsion tube includes an annular protrusion (200) which provides an axial locking feature that tightly secures the subcomponents placed onto the torsion tube during vehicle operation.

Abstract: A method for protecting a semiconductor device is disclosed that can improve reliability of a performance test for the semiconductor device and prevent damage to the semiconductor device during transportation or packaging for shipment. An IC cover is attached to the semiconductor device, which has height unevenness because it includes semiconductor chips and electric parts having different heights. The IC cover includes projecting portions and a base portion. After being attached to the semiconductor device, the projecting portions stand in a free area in the semiconductor device, and the base portion is supported by the projections to be separated from the semiconductor chips and electric parts in the semiconductor device. The IC cover is detachably attached to the semiconductor device.

Abstract: As described herein, a body lumen filter is provided that includes a body configured to move between a pre-deployed state and a deployed state, a filtering structure operatively associated with the body to filter particulates, and a blending structure operatively associated with the body. The blending structure can be configured to break up at least one of the particulates.

Abstract: A tuning cable for hydraulic system noise reduction is secured to a secondary fitting where the secondary fitting is mounted in a primary fitting using a pressed-in fit, a threaded connection or a slip fit after a tuning cable is installed in the secondary fitting by crimping the secondary fitting. The primary fitting is secured to a hydraulic connector which is also secured to a hydraulic hose to form a hydraulic hose assembly. In an alternative embodiment the secondary fitting is slipped directly into the hydraulic connector.

Abstract: A conduit fitting of the type having first and second threaded fitting components and at least one conduit gripping device, further includes a stroke limiting member that allows the fitting to be pulled up by applying a predetermined torque. In one embodiment, the stroke limiting member may realized as an integral or integrated load bearing member that functions as a torque collar and deflects under load. The disclosure also presents a gauging structure and method for fittings that can be pulled up by turns, by torque or both.

Abstract: A method includes (a) moving a first lateral leg of a pedestal assembly and a second lateral leg of the pedestal assembly away from each other, (b) deploying a flooring in response to step (a), (c) moving a first lateral arm of a cover assembly and a second lateral arm of the cover assembly away from each other, (d) deploying a covering in response to step (c) so as to define an occupant space between the flooring and the covering, (e) positioning a chair in the occupant space on the flooring.

Abstract: A component mounting apparatus includes: two heads equipped with plural nozzles for suctioning and mounting a component; a memory holding at least one of information on maximum speed and maximum acceleration; an operation determining unit determining whether an operation after a suctioning operation of any one of heads is a suctioning operation or not; a speed/acceleration calculating unit calculating at least one of speed and acceleration at the time of axial movement by using at least one of the maximum speed and the maximum acceleration for the suction, if it is determined that the operation after the suctioning operation is the suctioning operation; a control signal generating unit generating a control signal; and a driving unit performing movement from the suction operation to a component suction position of the subsequent nozzle in accordance with the control signal when the suctioning operation by the subsequent nozzle is performed.

Abstract: A stator having a stator core and coils is disclosed. The stator core includes split core pieces each having a tooth portion. The split core pieces are arranged annularly such that the distal ends of the tooth portions face radially inward. A lead wire is continuously wound about an adjacent pair of the tooth portions such that coils of different phases are formed in the circumferentially adjacent tooth portions, so that a plurality of connecting wires are provided, each connecting wire connecting coils of different phases. The connecting wires are connected to one another while being connected to one another, such that a neutral point is created.

Abstract: The present invention provides a bipolar battery made by using a polymer gel electrolyte or a liquid electrolyte in an electrolyte layer, which is highly reliable and prevents liquid junction (short circuit) caused by leak out of an electrolyte solution from the electrolyte part. The present invention provides a bipolar battery laminated, in series, with a plurality pieces of bipolar electrodes which is formed with a positive electrode on one surface of a collector, and a negative electrode on the other surface, so as to sandwich an electrolyte layer, characterized by being provided with a separator which retains the electrolyte later, and a seal resin which is formed and arranged at the outer circumference part of a part of the separator where the electrolyte is retained.

Abstract: An electronic component attaching tool suitable for an external shape of a semiconductor device is prepared. The electronic component attaching tool has a function of aligning a position of the semiconductor device to an IC socket. The electronic component attaching tool is mounted on the standard surface that is formed on the IC socket substantially regardless of the external shape of the semiconductor device. The semiconductor device is then aligned and attached to the IC socket by using the electronic component attaching tool, and the electronic component attaching tool is removed from the IC socket. Another electronic component attaching tool suitable for an external shape of another semiconductor device is prepared, and the same procedure as the above is performed to align and attach this semiconductor device to the same type IC socket.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods, apparatuses and systems for fabricating photovoltaic cells and modules. In certain embodiments, the methods, apparatuses and systems involve coating ferromagnetic substrates with thin film solar cell materials and using magnetic force to constrain, move or otherwise manipulate partially fabricated cells or modules. According to various embodiments, the methods, apparatuses and systems provide magnetically actuated handling throughout a photovoltaic cell or module fabrication process, from forming photovoltaic cell layers on a substrate to packaging the module for transport and installation. The magnetically manipulated processing provides advantages over conventional photovoltaic module processing operations, including fewer mechanical components, greater control over placement and tolerances, and ease of handling. As a result, the methods, apparatuses and systems provide highly efficient, low maintenance photovoltaic module fabrication processes.

Abstract: An apparatus for fuel cell stacking includes an assembly jig having a base; an alignment assembly configured to be engaged with the base; and a compression assembly configured to be engaged with the alignment assembly.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a printed circuit board having a buried solder bump, including: preparing a carrier on which a circuit layer, a solder bump, and a circuit pattern formed on the solder bump are formed; pressing the carrier into an insulating layer so that the circuit layer, the solder bump and the circuit pattern are buried in the insulating layer; and removing the carrier.

Abstract: A coreless substrate includes a stiffener material (110, 210, 620) having a plated via (120, 320) formed therein, an electrically insulating material (130, 230, 830) above the stiffener material, and an electrically conductive material (140, 240, 840) in the electrically insulating layer. In the same or another embodiment, a package for a microelectronic device includes a stiffener material layer (115, 215, 615) having plated vias (120, 320) formed therein and further having a recess (118, 218) therein, build-up layers (150, 350, 850) over the stiffener material layer, and a die (370) attached over the build-up layers. The stiffener material layer and the build-up layers form a coreless substrate (100, 380, 910, 920) of the package. The coreless substrate has a surface (381), and the die covers less than all of the surface of the coreless substrate such that the surface has at least one exposed region (382).

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a multilayer printed circuit board including providing a core substrate having a penetrating-hole, forming an electroless plated film on a surface of the substrate and an inner wall surface of the penetrating-hole, electrolytically plating the substrate while moving with respect to the surface of the substrate an insulating member in contact with the surface of the substrate such that an electrolytic plated film is formed on the electroless plated film, an opening space inside the penetrating-hole is filled with an electrolytic material, and a through-hole conductor structure is formed in the penetrating-hole, forming an etching resist having an opening pattern on the electrolytic plated film, and removing an exposed pattern of the electrolytic plated film exposed by the opening pattern and a pattern of the electroless plated film under the exposed pattern such that a conductor circuit is formed on the surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a multilayer printed wiring board including forming a multilayer printed wiring board structure comprising first and second buildup portions, the first buildup portion including insulating layers, conductor layers and first viaholes electrically connecting the conductor layers through the insulation layers such that the first viaholes are formed in the insulating layers, respectively, the second buildup portion including insulating layers, conductor layers and second viaholes electrically connecting the conductor layers through the insulation layers such that the first viaholes are tapered toward the second viaholes, and the second via holes are tapered toward the first viaholes. The viaholes are formed by plating openings formed after lamination of respective ones of the insulating layers of the buildup portions, and each insulating layer in the buildup portions is about 100 ?m or less in thickness.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a printed circuit board for optical waveguides, including: preparing a base substrate; forming an optical waveguide, which includes a lower clad, a core formed on an upper middle of the lower clad, and an upper clad formed on the lower clad to surround an upper surface and a side surface of the core, on an upper middle of the base substrate; disposing a side substrate including a first side substrate that has a through hole, through which the optical waveguide penetrates, provided at the middle thereof and a first circuit pattern formed therein and a second side substrate disposed on the first side substrate on the upper part of the base substrate on which the optical waveguide is formed; disposing an upper substrate on the side substrate on which the through hole is formed; and stacking the side substrate and the upper substrate on the base substrate on which the optical waveguide is formed.

Abstract: A circuit assembly (34) resistant to high-temperature and high g centrifugal force is disclosed. A printed circuit board (42) is first fabricated from alumina and has conductive traces of said circuit formed thereon by the use of a thick film gold paste. Active and passive components of the circuit assembly are attached to the printed circuit board by means of gold powder diffused under high temperature. Gold wire is used for bonding between the circuit traces and the active components in order to complete the circuit assembly (34). Also, a method for manufacturing a circuit assembly resistant to elevated temperature is disclosed.

Abstract: A press fit passive component, such as a resistor or capacitor, adapted to fit within, or partially within, a via of a printed circuit board. In one example, the press fit passive component has a cylindrically shaped body with solderable terminals at either end of the body, and a dielectric collar disposed at least partially about the cylindrically shaped body. The component is placed in the via and soldered in order to provide a mechanical and electrical connection to the printed circuit board.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a through electrode-attached glass substrate includes: forming an effective unit cell by drilling a plurality of through holes in a unit cell with a minimum area acquired by cutting out and dividing plate-shaped glass being configured as the unit cell and distributing dummy unit cells in which the through hole is not formed in an area in which the effective unit cell is formed; inserting electrode members into the through holes; welding the plate-shaped glass and the electrode members by heating the plate-shaped glass at a temperature that is higher than a softening point thereof; and grinding both sides of the plate-shaped glass together with the electrode members so as to expose a plurality of the electrode members to both sides of the plate-shaped glass and configure the plurality of the electrode members as a plurality of through electrodes that are electrically separated from each other.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a multilayered circuit board, including: providing a double-sided copper clad laminate including via holes formed therethrough and openings for forming circuit patterns, formed by patterning copper foil formed on one side thereof; filling the via holes and the openings with conductive paste; removing the copper foil from the double-sided copper clad laminate to form a first circuit layer including circuit patterns on one side thereof and to form a second circuit layer including connecting pads for attaching solder balls thereto on the other side thereof; forming a build-up layer on the first circuit layer, the build-up layer including a plurality of insulating layers and a plurality of circuit layers; and forming a solder resist layer on an outermost layer of the build-up layer.