Abstract: A gas turbine engine comprises an outer engine case, a combustor, a high pressure spool and a low pressure spool. The combustor is disposed within the outer engine case. The high pressure spool is configured for rotation coaxially with the combustor. The low pressure spool is configured for rotation coaxially with the high pressure spool. The low pressure spool is configured to rotate at speeds faster than that of the high pressure spool during operation of the gas turbine engine. In one embodiment, the low pressure spool includes a gear system configured to rotate a low pressure compressor faster than a low pressure turbine. In another embodiment, the high pressure spool rotates outward of the combustor within the outer engine case. In another embodiment, the high pressure spool includes a drum having radially inward projecting blades and vanes and radially outward projecting fan blades.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an integrated power generating system and method and liquefied natural gas (LNG) vaporization system and method. More particularly, heat from a CO2 containing stream from the power generating system and method can be used to heat the LNG for re-gasification as gaseous CO2 from CO2 containing stream is liquefied. The liquefied CO2 can be captured and/or recycled back to a combustor in the power generating system and method.

Abstract: A system for reducing emissions in an engine is provided. The system includes a primary fuel tank having a primary fuel. The system also includes a secondary fuel tank having a secondary fuel. The system further includes a separator in fluid communication with the secondary fuel tank or the primary fuel tank or both the secondary fuel tank and the primary fuel tank, the engine and a hydrocarbon-selective catalytic reduction subsystem. The subsystem separator separates a less volatile portion of the secondary fuel or the primary fuel from a more volatile portion, said less volatile portion of the secondary fuel or the primary fuel in the separator is routed to the hydrocarbon-selective catalytic reduction subsystem and said more volatile portion of the secondary fuel or the primary fuel in the separator is routed to the engine.

Abstract: A method for cooling a dosing unit (250) pertaining to an SCR system for exhaust cleaning: after cessation of exhaust flow, cooling a reducing agent dosing unit (250) by reducing agent supplied to the unit. Intermittently running a feed device (230) to supply reducing agent, and running the feed device (230) at reduced power compared with its ordinary operation. Also a computer programme product containing programme code (P) for a computer (200; 210) for implementing the method.

Abstract: A reactant delivery system for engine exhaust gas treatment may include a tank in which a reactant is received, a pumping device, a pressure relief device, and a reactant distribution device. The pumping device may have an inlet disposed within the interior of the tank to receive the reactant, and an outlet through which the reactant is discharged. The pressure relief device may have an inlet in fluid communication with the outlet of the pumping device, a primary outlet to discharge the reactant under pressure to a downstream location, and a bypass outlet through which at least some of the reactant discharged from the pumping device is selectively discharged. And the reactant distribution device may be in fluid communication with the bypass outlet of the pressure relief device and have a plurality of outlets to distribute the reactant to at least two different locations within the tank.

Abstract: An exhaust gas emission control system for a diesel engine, having an oxidation catalyst (DOC) (7) and a diesel particulate filter (DPF) (9) in an exhaust passage, wherein a late post-injection control unit (62), which injects fuel into a combustion chamber at a timing not contributing to combustion in DPF regeneration control, feedback controls a late post-injection amount such that a regeneration amount of soot regenerated by the DPF (9) becomes a target soot regeneration amount.

Abstract: Systems and method are disclosed in which a portion of an exhaust gas stream is received into an exhaust outlet flow path downstream of a first selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst and upstream of a second SCR catalyst. The removed portion is treated with a diagnostic SCR catalyst element and an NH3 concentration composition of the treated removed portion is determined. The NH3 concentration is used to control injection of reductant upstream of the first SCR catalyst.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a static mixer for mixing a urea solution and engine exhaust gas. The static mixer includes: an external tube including one end portion connected to an exhaust manifold of a diesel engine, the other end portion connected to an SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction), and a part with which a urea solution injection adaptor is provided; an internal tube installed inside the external tube so as to have a constant gap between at least a part of an outer wall surface and an inner wall surface of the external tube; and a channel unit comprising a plurality of guiding channels provided inside the internal tube in a longitudinal direction, and having an inlet portion facing a lower end portion of the urea solution injector adaptor.

Abstract: A drive system for a machine is disclosed. The drive system may have an engine, a pump driven by the engine to pressurize fluid, a motor connected to the pump via an inlet passage and an outlet passage, and a traction device driven by the motor. The drive system may also have an operator input device movable from a neutral position through a range to a maximum displaced position to affect a speed of the engine, and a controller in communication with the input device and at least one of the pump and motor. The controller may be configured to gradually adjust a displacement of the at least one of the pump and motor to slow the traction device over a period of time after the operator input device is returned to the neutral position.

Abstract: A compressed-air energy storage system according to embodiments of the present invention comprises a reversible mechanism to compress and expand air, one or more compressed air storage tanks, a control system, one or more heat exchangers, and, in certain embodiments of the invention, a motor-generator. The reversible air compressor-expander uses mechanical power to compress air (when it is acting as a compressor) and converts the energy stored in compressed air to mechanical power (when it is acting as an expander). In certain embodiments, the compressor-expander comprises one or more stages, each stage consisting of pressure vessel (the “pressure cell”) partially filled with water or other liquid. In some embodiments, the pressure vessel communicates with one or more cylinder devices to exchange air and liquid with the cylinder chamber(s) thereof. Suitable valving allows air to enter and leave the pressure cell and cylinder device, if present, under electronic control.

Abstract: A hydraulic actuator includes an energy recuperation device which harvests the energy generated from the stroking of a shock absorber. The energy recuperation device can function in a passive energy recovery mode for the shock absorber or an active mode for the shock absorber. The energy that is generated by the energy recuperation device can be stored as fluid pressure or it can be converted to another form of energy such as electrical energy.

Abstract: A control arm assembly connected with a hydraulic pump allows for the adjustment of pump displacement by turning a threaded adjustment rod clockwise or counter-clockwise to move a half nut connected with a control rod vertically up or down in a slot of an arm to the desired set point. The half nut has a partial thread that engages the thread of the adjustment rod to control the vertical movement. The design allows for the positive repeatable finite adjustment of the half nut with minimal backlash that reduces the difficulty of the setting process in labor and assembly time. Once the desired set point has been met the adjustment rod is clamped tight to the second arm by tightening the nut against the notch to lock up the assembly to prevent any movement.

Abstract: A device for obtaining internal energy from liquid by utilizing buoyancy includes: an inner body (2); a sealing strip (3); a shell body (5); an axle (1) and liquid, wherein the sealing strip (3) is mounted between the shell body (5) and the inner body (2), a liquid entrance (6) is provided at a bottom portion of the shell body (5), the inner body (2) is connected to the axle (1), an energy transformer is connected to the axle (1) or the shell body (5). Internal energy not used in the liquid is transformed into mechanical energy by a combination of the liquid, the inner body (2) and the axle (1). The present invention also provides a method for obtaining internal energy from liquid by utilizing buoyancy.

Abstract: A mechanism for capturing wave energy includes a structure and a set of vertical buoys with support portions for supporting the structure. The structure is rectangular and includes rails that are oriented parallel to a direction of waves of water, and a movable bridge that runs along the rails perpendicularly to the direction of the waves. The movable bridge includes buoyancy tanks for flotation, with the buoyancy tanks having faces configured to maximize contact with the water. The buoyancy tanks are encased in a structural cage attached to the movable bridge. Wheels of the structural cage run along the movable bridge to keep a position of the buoyancy tanks fixed relative to a level of the water, allowing the buoyancy tanks to rise and fall with movement of the waves.

Abstract: Provided is a wave power generation apparatus. The wave power generation apparatus includes an upper structure rolled by a wave, a lower structure disposed under a water plane to rotatably support the upper structure, a generation part disposed on one of the upper and lower structures to convert kinetic energy generated during rotation of the upper structure into electrical energy, and a gravity center movement part disposed on the upper structure, the gravity center movement part moving a gravity center of the upper structure to adjust a rolling period of the upper structure to a wave period.

Abstract: In a turbine for an exhaust gas turbocharger of an internal combustion engine comprising a turbine housing part, which has at least two spiral channels with respective inlets through which exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine is directed onto a turbine rotor disposed in the turbine housing part, the turbine housing part is disposed in an accommodating chamber, which is formed by a further housing part of the turbine, and from which accommodating chamber exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine can flow through the channel inlets into the spiral channels.

Abstract: An engine 1 includes a variable valve mechanism 18 capable of switching a valve characteristic to a first valve characteristic according to which at least one of an operation of pre-opening an intake valve 14 during an exhaust stroke prior to a valve opening time in an intake stroke and an operation of re-opening an exhaust valve 15 during the intake stroke subsequently to the opening/closing thereof during the exhaust stroke is performed, and to a second valve characteristic according to which neither the pre-opening of the intake valve 14 nor the re-opening of the exhaust valve 15 is performed. In the engine 1, when the valve characteristic is the first valve characteristic, if the presence of a request for switching to the second valve characteristic resulting from an increase in engine load is detected, a pressure reducing operation for reducing the pressure in an exhaust passage 40 of the engine 1 is performed (e.g., a regulate valve 68 is opened).

Abstract: A fresh gas supply device for an internal combustion engine having an exhaust gas turbocharger includes a charge air inlet for letting in compressed charge air from the exhaust gas turbocharger; an outlet connected to the charge air inlet, wherein the connection is closable via at least one backflow flap pivotable about a rotational flap axis; a compressed air inlet for letting compressed air into the outlet; an adjusting unit for adjusting the at least one backflow flap; at least one additional turbocharging unit having an air turbine and a compressor coupled thereto. The air turbine is disposed upstream of the compressed air inlet in the flow direction of the compressed air and compressed air can flow through the air turbine. The compressor is designed to take in and compress additional charge air from the charge air inlet and deliver compressed additional charge air to the outlet.

Abstract: An engine comprising at least two cylinders and a turbocharger that includes a turbine operationally attached to a compressor. The intake air for the cylinders is routed through the compressor and exhaust gas from one of the cylinders is recirculated to the air fuel mixture for both cylinders, which exhaust gas from the other cylinder is routed through the turbine, further wherein the first reciprocating cylinder operates on a four-stroke cycle and the second reciprocating cylinder operates on a two-stroke cycle. Methods of operating an engine are disclosed. The present invention has been described in terms of specific embodiment(s), and it is recognized that equivalents, alternatives, and modifications, aside from those expressly stated, are possible and within the scope of the appending claims.

Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system is employed in a supercritically fueled direct-injection compression ignition engine system. The EGR system may include multiple stages, where a portion of exhaust gas is diverted from upstream of a turbine of a turbocharger and a second portion is diverted from downstream of the turbine.

Abstract: In a method for operating a supercharged internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, at the same time an internal exhaust gas recirculation and an external exhaust gas recirculation are carried out in an engine operating range with lean burn operation modes, wherein the exhaust gas recirculation rate of the internal and the external exhaust gas recirculation is increased with increasing load and/or speed of the internal combustion engine in the lean engine operating range and, at high engine speeds and loads, a homogenous mixture operation is carried out. The invention also reside in an internal combustion engine for performing the method.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention utilize the geothermal energy exchanger and battery (GEEB) to recover and store thermal energy from the dwelling, from the ground, and from the Earth's atmosphere, reuse the thermal energy in another season of the year, and consume electrical energy to heat and cool the structure at electrical Off Peak time periods. The GEEB may be constructed of a compact steel, ribbed and waterproof permanent container that is set at a depth beneath the surface of the ground where the normal soil temperature is virtually constant year round. The container can then be encased in poured concrete, with the exception of piping or conduits. The container is then filled with a heat transfer fluid so that the entire thermal mass of the GEEB and heat transfer fluid reaches the ambient ground temperature and efficiently couples the load and source sides of a heating and cooling system.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a thermodynamic system includes multiple types of thermodynamic cycles and multiple types of solar thermal fields that provide thermal energy to the thermodynamic cycles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of controlling a closed loop (10) performing a Rankine cycle for a motor vehicle, said loop comprising a circulation and compression pump (12) for a working fluid, a heat exchanger (14) swept by a hot source (16) for heating said working fluid, expansion means (22) for expanding the hot fluid and a cooling exchanger (26) swept by a cooling fluid (28) for cooling this working fluid. According to the invention, the method consists, after detecting a vehicle accident situation, in communicating the inside of the loop with the ambient air.

Abstract: A method is provided for converting heat from a heat source to mechanical energy. The method comprises heating a working fluid using heat supplied from the heat source; and expanding the heated working fluid to lower the pressure of the working fluid and generate mechanical energy as the pressure of the working fluid is lowered. The method is characterized by using a working fluid comprising HFC-245eb and optionally Z-HFO-1336mzz. A power cycle apparatus containing a working fluid to convert heat to mechanical energy is also provided. The apparatus is characterized by containing a working fluid comprising HFC-245eb and optionally Z-HFO-1336mzz. A working fluid comprising HFC-245eb and optionally Z-HFO-1336mzz is also provided. The working fluid (i) further comprises E-HFO-1336mzz, (ii) has a temperature above its critical temperature, or both (i) and (ii).

Abstract: A thermal energy storage and recovery device includes a heat exchanger arrangement for guiding a flow of a heat transfer medium between first and second ends thereof, and a heat storage material surrounding it, forming thermal interaction region between the heat transfer medium and the heat storage material. The heat exchanger arrangement transports the heat transfer medium from the first end to the second end when the heat storage material receives thermal energy from the heat transfer medium, and transports the heat transfer medium from the second end to the first end when the heat storage material releases thermal energy to the heat transfer medium. A controller operates the device such that that when storing or recovering thermal energy to or from the heat transfer medium within the device there exists a region where the inlet and outlet temperature of the heat transfer medium of this region is kept constant.

Abstract: A turbine of a turbomachine is provided and includes opposing endwalls defining a pathway for a fluid flow and a plurality of interleaved blade stages and nozzle stages arranged axially along the pathway. The plurality of the blade stages includes a last blade stage at a downstream end of the pathway and a next-to-last blade stage upstream from the last blade stage. The plurality of the nozzle stages includes a last nozzle stage between the last blade stage and the next-to-last blade stage and a next-to-last nozzle stage upstream from the next-to-last blade stage. At least one of the next-to-last blade stage and the next-to-last nozzle stage includes aerodynamic elements configured to interact with the fluid flow and to define a throat distribution producing a tip strong pressure profile in the fluid flow.

Abstract: A fuel injection assembly for use in a turbine engine is provided. The fuel injection assembly includes a plurality of tube assemblies, wherein each of the tube assemblies includes an upstream portion and a downstream portion. Each tube assembly includes a plurality of tubes that extend from the upstream portion to the downstream portion or from the upstream portion through the downstream portion. At least one injection system is coupled to at least one tube assembly of the plurality of tube assemblies. The injection system includes a fluid supply member that extends from a fluid source to the downstream portion of the tube assembly. The fluid supply member includes a first end portion located in the downstream portion of the tube assembly, wherein the first end portion has at least one first opening for channeling fluid through the tube assembly to facilitate reducing a temperature therein.

Abstract: A fuel nozzle for use with a turbine engine is described herein. The fuel nozzle includes a housing that is coupled to a combustor liner defining a combustion chamber. The housing includes an endwall that at least partially defines the combustion chamber. A plurality of mixing tubes extends through the housing for channeling fuel to the combustion chamber. Each mixing tube of the plurality of mixing tubes includes an inner surface that extends between an inlet portion and an outlet portion. The outlet portion is oriented adjacent the housing endwall. At least one of the plurality of mixing tubes includes a plurality of projections that extend outwardly from the outlet portion. Adjacent projections are spaced a circumferential distance apart such that a groove is defined between each pair of circumferentially-apart projections to facilitate enhanced mixing of fuel in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: An injection apparatus is provided and includes an annular base defining an injection hole location and having a protrusion about the injection hole location and a tubular body formed to define an injection hole, the tubular body to be sealably fastened to the annular base and the protrusion at the injection hole location such that the tubular body and the protrusion cooperatively define a plenum such that the plenum is communicative with the injection hole.

Abstract: A burner assembly for a gas turbine is provided. The burner assembly has a combustor, a centrally arranged pilot burner and plurality of main burners surrounding the pilot burner. Each main burner has a cylindrical housing having a lance which is centrally arranged therein and has a fuel channel for liquid fuel. The lance is supported on the housing by swirl blades and an attachment is arranged on the lance in the direction of the combustor. The liquid fuel nozzle is arranged in the attachment downstream of the swirl blades and connected to the fuel channel. For the improved mixing of the fuel with the air, the liquid fuel nozzle is designed as a full jet nozzle and the full jet nozzle has a length and a diameter, the ratio of the length to the diameter is at least 1.5.

Abstract: A mixer for mixing flows in a turbofan engine is provided. The mixer includes a plurality of chevron lobes, each of the plurality of lobes comprising a crown, a keel, a first trailing edge, a second trailing edge, and a first transverse edge extending between first trailing edge and second trailing edge, said mixer configured to receive two separate incoming exhaust flows and mix the two flows into at least one rotational exhaust flow that is ejected out at least one of said first trailing edge and said second trailing edge.

Abstract: A system for reducing combustion dynamics and NOx in a combustor includes a tube bundle that extends radially across at least a portion of the combustor, wherein the tube bundle comprises an upstream surface axially separated from a downstream surface. A shroud circumferentially surrounds the upstream and downstream surfaces. A plurality of tubes extends through the tube bundle from the upstream surface through the downstream surface, wherein the downstream surface is stepped to produce tubes having different lengths through the tube bundle. A method for reducing combustion dynamics and NOx in a combustor includes flowing a working fluid through a plurality of tubes radially arranged between an upstream surface and a downstream surface of an end cap that extends radially across at least a portion of the combustor, wherein the downstream surface is stepped.

Abstract: A cooling system for a gas turbine engine includes a first structure movable relative to a second structure. The first structure has a cavity. A valve selectively controls fluid flow from a cooling source to the cavity. A valve is configured to move between first and second fluid flow positions in response to movement of the first structure. The first fluid flow position provides a greater amount of cooling fluid from the cooling source to the cavity than in the second fluid flow position.

Abstract: A turbomachine is provided and includes a compressor to compress inlet gas to produce compressed gas, a combustor coupled to the compressor in which the compressed gas is combusted along with a first fuel and/or a second fuel to produce a fluid flow, a turbine coupled to the combustor through which the fluid flow is directed for power and/or electricity generation and first and second supply circuits to supply the first fuel and the second fuel to the combustor, respectively. The first and second supply circuits are operable to enable transfers between operations associated with the first fuel and the second fuel being respectively supplied to the combustor at a high load.

Abstract: A thermal management system for a gas turbine engine includes a first heat exchanger that provides a first conditioned fluid, a second heat exchanger in series flow communication with the first heat exchanger and that exchanges heat with the first conditioned fluid to provide a second conditioned fluid, and a third heat exchanger in parallel flow communication with the second heat exchanger and that selectively exchanges heat with the first conditioned fluid to provide a third conditioned fluid. The second conditioned fluid and the third conditioned fluid combine to provide a mixed conditioned fluid. A first portion of the mixed conditioned fluid including a first temperature is communicated to a first engine system. A second portion of the mixed conditioned fluid including a second temperature is communicated to a second engine system. The second temperature includes a greater temperature than the first temperature.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine includes a fan section and an intercooling turbine section along an engine axis aft of a fan section and forward of a combustor section.

Abstract: A method, system and generator for controlling a flow of fuel during a shut down of a gas turbine generator is disclosed. A first fuel flow rate to a combustion flame of the gas turbine generator is set at a beginning of a shut-down sequence. A sensor is configured to measure a rotation rate of a turbine rotor of the generator. A processor determines a deceleration of the turbine rotor from the measured rotation rates corresponding to the first fuel flow rate and compares the determined deceleration to a selected criterion. When the deceleration matches the selected criterion, the processor adjusts the fuel flow rate from the first fuel flow rate to a second fuel flow rate.

Abstract: Methods and systems for low emission power generation in hydrocarbon recovery processes are provided. One system includes a gas turbine system adapted to combust a fuel and an oxidant in the presence of a compressed recycle stream to provide mechanical power and a gaseous exhaust. The compressed recycle stream acts to moderate the temperature of the combustion process. A boost compressor can boost the pressure of the gaseous exhaust before being compressed into the compressed recycle stream. A purge stream may be tapped off from the compressed recycle stream and directed to a C02 separator which discharges C02 and a nitrogen-rich gas, which may be expanded in a gas expander to generate additional mechanical power.

Abstract: Methods and systems for low emission power generation in combined cycle power plants are provided. One system includes a gas turbine system that stoichiometrically combusts a fuel and an oxidant in the presence of a compressed recycle stream to provide mechanical power and a gaseous exhaust. The compressed recycle stream acts as a diluent to moderate the temperature of the combustion process. A boost compressor can boost the pressure of the gaseous exhaust before being compressed into the compressed recycle stream. A purge stream is tapped off from the compressed recycle stream and directed to a C02 separator which discharges C02 and a nitrogen-rich gas which can be expanded in a gas expander to generate additional mechanical power.

Abstract: A method to provide clearance control for a gas turbine having a multi-stage compressor and a turbine having turbine buckets rotating within a turbine shell, the method includes: selecting a first compressor stage from which to extract compressed air; ducting the compressed air from the first compressor stage to the turbine shell; passing the compressed air from the first compressor stage to thermally contract the turbine shell; selecting a second compressor stage from which to extract compressed air and deselecting the first compressor stage; ducting the compressed air from the second compressor stage to the turbine shell, and passing the compressed air from the second compressor stage to thermal expand the turbine shell.

Abstract: A turbomachine includes an inner casing component having a first end that extends to a second end and a seal member. An outer casing component is coupled to the inner casing component. The annular outer casing component includes a first end portion that extends to a second end portion and a seal element that aligns with the seal member of the annular inner casing component to form a seal passage. A seal is arranged in the seal passage. The seal includes a first end section that extends to a second end section through an intermediate zone. The first end section includes a recessed portion and the second end section includes a connecting portion. The connecting portion is configured and disposed to nest within the recessed portion to form a substantially continuous seal.

Abstract: A turbine of a turbomachine is provided and includes opposing endwalls defining a pathway into which a fluid flow is receivable to flow through the pathway; and a nozzle stage at which adjacent nozzles extend across the pathway between the opposing endwalls to aerodynamically interact with the fluid flow. The adjacent nozzles are configured to define a throat distribution exhibiting endwall throat decambering and pitchline throat overcambering.

Abstract: An airfoil for a gas turbine engine is provided that includes a first sidewall and a second sidewall coupled together at a leading edge and a trailing edge, such that a cavity is defined therebetween. A central plenum and an impingement chamber are defined within the cavity. The central plenum channels cooling fluid to the impingement chamber where cooling fluid impinges on the sidewalls. Cooling fluid is discharged from the impingement chamber via film cooling holes.

Abstract: A magnetic cooling device is provided, including a magnetocaloric module and a magnetic unit. The magnetocaloric module includes a bed, a first magnetocaloric material, a second magnetocaloric material and a thermal insulator. The first magnetocaloric material is disposed in the bed. The second magnetocaloric material is disposed in the bed, wherein the Curie Temperature of the second magnetocaloric material is greater than the Curie Temperature of the first magnetocaloric material. The thermal insulator is disposed between the first and second magnetocaloric materials to insulate heat conduction between the first and second magnetocaloric materials. The magnetic unit is coupled to the magnetocaloric module, wherein the magnetic unit reciprocally applies different magnetic fields to the first and second magnetocaloric materials, wherein a heat transfer fluid flows through the first and second magnetocaloric to transfer heat from a low temperature end to a high temperature end of the magnetocaloric module.

Abstract: Disrupting an ability to regulate core body temperature of a human includes a cooling device having various components, and the cooling device is controlled in various manners to remove heat from an anatomical region (e.g., distal extremity). The cooling device might be programmed to maintain a range of temperatures designed to affect an ability to regulate body temperature. In addition, the cooling device might be programmed to operate in cycles. By disrupting core-body-temperature regulation, biological rhythms (e.g., Circadian) can also be disrupted and sleep induction may be countered. Countering sleep incidents in an automobile driver might make it more difficult for the driver to fall asleep or become drowsy while driving.

Abstract: A cryogenic cooling system is presented herein. The system comprises an on-demand hydrogen reservoir adapted to be filled by an external hydrogen filling station. The system further comprises a cryocooler coupled with the on-demand hydrogen reservoir. The cryocooler is adapted to operate in a range from about 10 Kelvin to 20 Kelvin. The system further comprises a liquid hydrogen reservoir adapted to receive liquid hydrogen through the cryocooler. At least one superconducting magnet is adapted to operate in a range from about 10 Kelvin to 20 Kelvin and generate a magnetic field. Furthermore, the system comprises a plurality of cooling tubes adapted to receive liquid hydrogen from the liquid hydrogen reservoir, wherein the cooling tubes are adapted to cool down the superconducting magnet.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device (21) for avoiding the memory effect in cryogenic pumps having a first cooling stage (23) and a second cooling stage (25) which adjoins the first cooling stage (23) in the axial direction. A cylindrical shield (31) has an opening (37) and a base (35), which base (35) is penetrated centrally by the two-stage cooling head (21) in such a way that the first cooling stage (23) is arranged outside the shield (31) and the second cooling stage (25) is arranged within the shield (31). An intermediate chamber (34) is formed between the shield (31) and the first cooling stage (23), and the base of the shield (31) is connected in a thermally conductive manner to the first cooling stage (23) by means of a thermal bridge (33). A cooling panel (43) which serves as pumping surface is connected to the second cooling stage (25) and is provided within the shield (31).

Abstract: Cooling of downhole components is effected using an expendable refrigerant, such as water. Refrigerant, in thermal communication with a component to be cooled, is evaporated in an evaporator. Vapor is removed from the evaporator and released into a borehole, in order to cool the component. A pump may be used to remove the vapor from the evaporator and force the vapor into the borehole.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing cooling in a chiller having an evaporator wherein a refrigerant composition is evaporated to cool a heat transfer medium. The method comprises evaporating a refrigerant composition comprising HFC-245eb and optionally Z—HFO-1336mzz in the evaporator. Additionally, a composition is provided comprising: (1) a refrigerant composition consisting essentially of HFC-245eb and Z—HFO-1336mzz; (2) a lubricant suitable for use in a chiller; wherein the Z—HFO-1336mzz in the refrigerant composition is at least about 41 weight percent. Also, a chiller apparatus is provided comprising an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser and a pressure reduction device, all of which are in fluid communication in the order listed and through which a refrigerant flows from one component to the next in a repeating cycle.