Abstract: The present invention provides a laser system and laser handpiece and process for skin treatment. The system includes components for producing a continuous or pulse laser beam, and components for delivering a substance to the damaged region of skin. The system is designed to control and utilize the laser beam for damaging small volume of skin tissue and using a disposable tip to deliver a substance which is applied simultaneously or with some delay producing a combination of laser action with the action of named substance at the same time.

Abstract: A skin treatment device comprising a light source for providing a light beam for optically treating a skin, a wheel with a wheel surface for reflecting the light beam towards the skin, wherein different angular positions of the wheel correspond to respective different directions of reflection for the light beam, driving means for rotating the wheel for changing the angular position of the wheel, an angular position detector for detecting the angular position of the wheel, a storage means for storing a predefined skin-treatment pattern and a relation between the different angular positions of the wheel and the corresponding respective different directions of reflection for the light beam, and a control circuit coupled to the light source, the angular position detector and the storage means and being operative to control the light source in dependence on the angular position detected by the angular position detector in such a way that, for each revolution of the wheel, the light beam only illuminates the wheel

Abstract: Image-guided therapy of a tissue can utilize magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or another medical imaging device to guide an instrument within the tissue. A workstation can actuate movement of the instrument, and can actuate energy emission and/or cooling of the instrument to effect treatment to the tissue. The workstation and/or an operator of the workstation can be located outside a vicinity of an MRI device or other medical imaging device, and drive means for positioning the instrument can be located within the vicinity of the MRI device or the other medical imaging device. The instrument can be an MRI compatible laser probe that provides thermal therapy to, e.g., a tissue in a brain of a patient.

Abstract: A laser generator for laser therapy in the treatment of pain conditions by selective destruction of nociceptive or pain nerves, where a laser generator that generates a continuous and pulsed wavelength that is transmitted fiber-optically through a laser fiber within a spinal needle to contact areas within a body where pain nerves require destruction through optical absorption of laser energy by pain nerves without affecting other types of nerves or surrounding tissues. The laser generator can be used for treatment in humans, small animals and also large animals, which can receive pain relief without adverse effects.

Abstract: Local excessive laser radiation is prevented, and uniform laser radiation is performed in a target treatment region. Provided is a laser ablation device including: a light source that emits laser light for cauterizing an affected area; a fiber that is provided in an insertion portion and that guides the laser light emitted from the light source to radiate the laser light from an insertion-portion distal end; and a first drive unit that is provided on the fiber and that vibrates the fiber with a first period.

Abstract: A catheter covering device with at least a sleeve and an adhesive film is provided. The catheter covering device may further include a water indicator attached to the adhesive film and a desiccant paper attached to the water indicator. The adhesive film may include a larger diameter than the water indicator and the desiccant paper. Thereby the adhesive film is exposed around the circumference of the water indicator and desiccant paper. A catheter may be inserted into the sleeve and the adhesive film may be adhered to a user's skin. The catheter covering device may thereby protect the catheter from the elements. If moisture enters the catheter covering device, the desiccant paper may absorb the moisture and activate the water indicator, indicating to the user that the catheter covering device has been contaminated.

Abstract: A disposable medical glove is provided that includes one or more anti-contamination pockets configured to receive a stethoscope diaphragm and thereby protect it from contamination during patient examinations. Additionally, it frees the use of the medical professional's fingers. In a preferred embodiment, the medical glove comprises a glove body, a rectangular pocket at the palmar side of the glove configured to receive the diaphragm, and a rectangular dorsal pocket similarly configured to receive the diaphragm. The free edge of the palmar and dorsal pockets each has a reinforced edge that defines the opening of the respective pocket. In another alternate embodiment, the palmar and/or dorsal pocket each has two compartments (i.e., a primary and second compartment). Alternatively, the glove may have only a single pocket, i.e. a palmar pocket or a dorsal pocket, to suit the user's preference.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the present disclosure include a glove for preventing contamination when removed. The glove may include a glove configured to accommodate a user's hand, and a removal tab extending from an edge of the glove proximate to an opening in the glove. In embodiment, the glove may be made of any desired material, such as latex or nitrile. Furthermore, the tab may be integrated into the manufacture of the glove or may be added after the manufacture of the glove.

Abstract: A device (230) for shielding at least part of a limb from the view of a wearer of the device (230) which comprises a shield (232) with a first configuration in which it is substantially planar and a second configuration in which it has a three-dimensional shape. The shield (232) comprises one or more hinge lines (238), enabling it to be converted from the first configuration to the second configuration. The device also comprises an attachment portion (234) with one or more elongate members (236) to attach around a limb of a wearer in use. An edge portion (239) of the shield (232) may comprise an outer edge opposite the hinge line (238) that is at least partially divided into independently moveable sections such that the edge portion (239) can be flexed to help convert the shield (232) into a three-dimensional configuration.

Abstract: A patient side cart for a teleoperated surgical system may include a base, a column connected to the base, a boom connected to the column, a surgical instrument manipulator arm connected to the boom, and an obstacle indication system comprising an illumination source that directs light in a path of the boom. Various exemplary embodiments also encompass methods of providing obstacle indication via a patient side cart of a teleoperated surgical system, including directing light onto an object in a path of the boom to indicate that the object is located in a path of the boom, and methods of determining a predetermined height to be stored in a patient side cart for a teleoperated surgical system, including illuminating an object in the path of the patient side cart and storing a current height of the patient side cart as the predetermined height.

Abstract: The invention relates to a surgical method of attachment of a first bony segment in relation with a second bony segment, both segments belonging to a same bone, which comprises the steps of: milling said bone and cutting it partially, to separate it in two bony segments linked together by a bony hinge distracting both bony segments around said hinge; fitting an osteotomy implant into the cavity thus obtained; attaching said implant to both bony segments; wherein it comprises the preoperative steps of: determining the position and the direction of the future partial cut, calculating its depth, calculating the relative three-dimensional positions of both bony segments to obtain the final desired alignment of the two bony segments, choosing among several osteotomy implants, one which is wider than the largest distance between the facing sides of said bony segments after distraction, determining the position and the shape of the future implant reception cavity and calculating its dimensions, deducing therefrom

Abstract: A soft robotic instrument that is capable of changing its form factor (e.g., expanding and contracting) during use to facilitate minimally invasive surgery. The instrument may be formed wholly or partly of an elastomeric, electrically insulating material for mitigating the risk of injuring tissue and for mitigating the risk of electrical arcing during electrosurgery.

Abstract: Robotic and/or surgical devices, systems, and methods include kinematic linkage structures and associated control systems configured to facilitate preparation of the system for use. One or more kinematic linkage sub-systems may include joints that are actively driven, passive, or a mix of both. A set-up mode employs an intuitive user interface in which one or more joints are initially held static by a brake or joint drive system. The user may articulate the joint(s) by manually pushing against the linkage with a force, torque, or the like that exceeds a manual articulation threshold. Articulation of the moving joints is facilitated by modifying the signals transmitted to the brake or drive system. The system may sense completion of the reconfiguration from a velocity of the joint(s) falling below a threshold, optionally for a desired dwell time. The system may provide a detent-like manual articulation that is not limited to mechanically pre-defined detent joint configurations.

Abstract: A surgical instrument includes a proximal control mechanism having an instrument control surface. The instrument control surface has two openings through which two resilient latch arms can be inserted to engage a fixed latch structure contained within the proximal control mechanism. The fixed latch structure provides two lead-in ramps that force the resilient latch arms onto locking surfaces. The resilient latch arms are contained entirely within the proximal control mechanism when engaged. Inward forces can be applied to two buttons to apply an outward force on the resilient latch arms and release them from the locking surfaces of the fixed latch structure. Each of the two buttons is accessible from one of two opposite outside surfaces of the proximal control mechanism.

Abstract: A surgical instrument includes a proximal control mechanism having an instrument control surface. The instrument control surface has an opening through which a resilient latch arm can be inserted to engage a fixed latch structure contained within the proximal control mechanism. The fixed latch structure provides a lead-in ramp that forces the resilient latch arm onto a locking surface. The resilient latch arm is contained entirely within the proximal control mechanism when engaged. A release channel extends from an outer periphery of the instrument control surface to the opening through which the resilient latch arm enters, and provides a passage through which a release tool can be inserted to engage the resilient latch arm and release it from the locking surface of the fixed latch structure. A section of the release channel may be shaped to provide a fulcrum for the release tool.

Abstract: In an arm support apparatus, an weight attachment is provided for at least one specified link in links of a support member supporting a mount to be movable based on rotation of at least one of the links around a corresponding at least one of the joints. The at least one specified link is associated with at least one specified degree of freedom. The weight attachment is configured such that one or more weight members are attachable thereto. When the one or more weight members are attached to the weight attachment, the weight attachment is configured to substantially balance in weight with the mount on which the part of the arm is mounted while applying supporting force to the part of the arm mounted on the mount.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a monitoring device comprising a test composition, a test element comprising a test portion to which the test composition is releasably adhered, a detection reagent, and a container comprising a first end with an opening and a second end opposite the first end. The test composition comprises a predetermined quantity of tracer analyte. The container is configured to receive the test portion and configured to be operationally coupled to an analytical instrument. The tracer analyte and the detection reagent each are capable of participating in one or more chemical reaction that results in the formation of a detectable product. A method of using the monitoring device to assess the efficacy of a washing process is also provided.

Abstract: A method for fusing information related to structural features and characteristics of a biological sample. The resulting fused image may be imported into a surgical navigation technology intra-operatively to aid in surgical interventions by co-registering the fused image with the patient's anatomical features.

Abstract: A computer implemented system for adjusting the placement of an implant in a patient through the use of a dimensioned grid template placed relative to patient anatomy on a fluoroscopic machine and a method to digitally quantify alignment parameters is provided. This system can be used for determining: 1) leg length, offset, and cup position during arthroplasty replacement surgery; 2) fracture reduction/correction position during trauma procedures and 3) an apparatus to be used for deformity correction planning is provided; 4) placement and positioning of instruments and implants relative to bone and anatomical architecture; 5) bone anatomy boundary parameter identification relative to reaming and cutting landmarks of bone.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus assist in planning routes through hollow, branching organs in patients to optimize subsequent endoscopic procedures. Information is provided about the organ and a follow-on endoscopic procedure associated with the organ. The most appropriate navigable route or routes to a target region of interest (ROI) within the organ are then identified given anatomical, endoscopic-device, or procedure-specific constraints derived from the information provided. The method may include the step of modifying the viewing direction at each site along a route to give physically meaningful navigation directions or to reflect the requirements of a follow-on live endoscopic procedure. An existing route may further be extended, if necessary, to an ROI beyond the organ. The information provided may include anatomical constraints that define locations or organs to avoid; anatomical constraints that confine the route within specific geometric locations; or a metric for selecting the most appropriate route.

Abstract: A method of making a glenoid component for shoulder arthroplasty includes obtaining a model of a glenoid vault morphology normalized from a population of a plurality of scapulae, the model being defined by a plurality of mutually parallel, triangular cross-sections, and producing a stem portion of the glenoid component based on the model.

Abstract: A navigation aid for introducing an elongate medical penetration element into a patient. An X-ray image, containing a target region for the penetration element in a desired target position in a patient, is superimposed in alignment with video sequence images, containing at least in part the penetration element, to form a combination image sequence. The penetration element is captured in a start position and a desired penetration course of the penetration element at least to the target region of the penetration element in a desired target position, is visually displayed in the combination image sequence. A penetration element, such as a medical implant and/or instrument, in particular a K-wire (Kirschner wire), may carry a number of markers, such as additional bodies, coatings, elevations, and/or depressions, said markers altering a light reflection, are situated on and/or at and/or in the penetration element.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus is disclosed, which obtains a tomographic image of a tubular body by scanning an inside of a first tubular body using a probe is acquired. Multiple points indicating an inner surface of the tubular body are detected on the tomographic image. Based on a position of the detected multiple points indicating the inner surface, at least one is determined between whether the point indicating the inner surface indicates a first tubular body and the point indicates a second tubular body bifurcated from the first tubular body, and whether the point indicating the inner surface indicates a boundary between the first tubular body and the second tubular body.

Abstract: A medical marker device comprising a) a plurality of markers which are disposed on the marker device such that each marker of the plurality of markers displays mirror symmetry with respect to a mirror plane of symmetry which is common to all markers of the plurality of markers, b) an attaching unit for attaching the marker device to a marker holder, wherein the attaching unit is disposed on the mirror plane of symmetry.

Abstract: A drill limit system includes a holder having drill stops removably coupled thereto and configured to receive a drill bit therethrough, and a platform coupled to the holder and configured to engage a tip end of the drill bits when received through the drill stops, wherein the holder and platform are movable relative to each other so that the position of the drill stops relative to the drill bits may be selectively varied. A method for attaching drill stops to a drill bit includes providing a holder and a platform movable relative to each other, the holder having a plurality of drill stops removably coupled thereto, inserting a plurality of drill bits through respective drill stops, moving the holder and platform relative to each other to select a desired height of the drill stops on the bits, and engaging the drill stops to the drill bits at the selected height.

Abstract: Method for producing a dentist tool formed by an overlay to be used by a dentist in removing tooth structure, said method comprising the steps of: acquiring three-dimensional data relating to a shape of a tooth and at least a part of a neighbouring tooth; processing said three-dimensional data with a computer so as to determine an overlay fitting said tooth and fitting at least said part of said neighbouring tooth; further processing said three-dimensional data with said computer so as to determine a predetermined part of tooth structure to be removed from said tooth so as to prepare said tooth for further treatment; determining at least two guiding edges of which a first and a second guiding edge are spaced apart from each other by a distance d of at least 0.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for manufacturing an ultrasonic tip for an apicoectomy, such that the tip has a shape suitable for the shape of a tooth root, comprising the steps of: forming a feedstock by mixing a metal powder including stainless steel with a binder; injecting the feedstock to form an injection-molded part having a plurality of projections integrally formed on the surface thereof; performing debinding to remove the binder from the injection-molded part; sintering the injection-molded part; and performing annealing to increase the ductility and facilitate the bending of the sintered part.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for the restoration of a decayed portion of an anterior tooth or re-restoration of a previously filled anterior tooth, and to dental matrices and composite resin dispensers that may be used in the methods for the restoration of a decayed portion of an anterior tooth.

Abstract: A tooth-positioning appliance for closing spaces has at least two appliance segments, each segment having a thin elastomeric shell with recesses for removably engaging a set of teeth, and tooth-clasping elements for removably engaging bonded attachments protruding from the teeth. One of the appliance segments includes a flat receptacle extending horizontally on the thin shell of the appliance segment, and the other appliance segment has a thin elongated tab extending laterally from the second appliance segment spanning the space to be closed, and in sliding engagement with the flat receptacle of the other appliance segment. An activating element is connected between the appliance segments to exert a force to change the size of the space between the sets of teeth as the tab slides with respect to the flat receptacle.

Abstract: An orthodontic connector assembly 10 including a plurality of substantially identical connecting members, such as members 12, 14 which include a movable but biased portion 20 which is adapted to selectively and removably receive a pocket portion 44 which is deployed on at least one bracket, such as bracket 40. In an alternative embodiment, the members, such as member 12, 14 each include a ridge, such as ridge 212, which is selectively, removably, and frictionally placed within slot 236.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for moving malpositioned teeth to orthodontically correct positions and simultaneously positioning the lower dental arch of a patient relative to the upper dental arches that includes providing braces for securing to the upper and lower arches and providing a four section internal spring loaded telescopic rod for fastening a first end directly or indirectly at or near a lower molar and a second end directly or indirectly at or near an upper molar. The telescopic rod may resiliently urge extensively toward its elongated fully extended position to assist in dento-aveolar movement of the teeth for correcting the bite. The method and apparatus may also include providing an internal spring member for resiliently urging the telescoping rod extensively toward its elongated fully extended position to assist in dento-aveolar movement of the teeth for correcting the bite.

Abstract: A dental tray molding kit and method include a moldable generic tray and a thermoformable material removably insertable in the moldable tray and biteable by a user upon placement of the thermoformable material inserted into the moldable tray in a mouth of the user. Another dental tray molding kit includes a rigid generic tray; an impression material removably insertable in the rigid tray and biteable by a user upon placement of the impression material inserted into the rigid tray in a mouth of the user to create an impression tray; and a thermoformable material removably insertable in the impression tray and biteable by the user upon placement of the thermoformable material inserted into the impression tray in the mouth. The kits can be configured to whiten teeth of the user as a cosmetic procedure.

Abstract: A denture attachment system and method for replacing natural teeth, comprising a set of dentures for one or more teeth made out of a first dental durable material, a first magnetic component secured to the set of dentures, and a second magnetic component separate from but attracted to and couplable to the first magnetic component. Preferably, the dentures are made of ceramic or acrylic, and the first magnetic component is embedded therein, and the second magnetic component is held to the patient by passing through or in the nose, nostril, a cavity in the cheek, an earlobe, lip, frenulum, palatal arch, etc. The second magnetic component is attracted to the first magnetic component (of the dentures) to hold the same in the mouth, as desired.

Abstract: The present invention provides an interdental cleaning tool with a plastic handle and a soft pick. The handle is molded from a thermoplastic material and includes a grip portion and an extension portion. The pick is molded from a thermoset material over the extension portion of the handle. The pick tapers to a distal tip for insertion between a user's teeth and has a sidewall including a plurality of nubs extending from the sidewall. A method for manufacturing the tool includes: (a) injection molding a plastic handle from a thermoplastic material, the handle including a grip portion and an extension portion extending from the grip portion; and (b) injection molding a pick from a thermoset material over the extension portion of the plastic handle such that the grip portion of the handle remains exposed. The handle and the pick are molded in the same mold cavity.

Abstract: A replacement head for an electric toothbrush has a simplified drive construction and desired bristle carrier retention. The replacement head includes a tubular neck with a head at one end and a brush shaft disposed within the neck. An eccentric extension extends from the brush shaft parallel with the longitudinal axis and an axial extension extends parallel to the eccentric extension. The eccentric extension engages the bristle carrier to drive the bristle carrier. The brush shaft, including the eccentric extension and the axial extension, may be formed together as a single unitary piece. A pin may extend through pin retention openings in the head and a pin slot in the bristle carrier in a direction transverse to both the longitudinal axis and the carrier rotation axis to retain the bristle carrier on the head.

Abstract: A method of monitoring oral health including deriving a health profile of a user from information obtained from a sample taken from the user; displaying a representation of the health profile on a display, wherein the representation of the health profile includes a list of undesirable oral health characteristics that are detectable from the sample and a graphical depiction of an oral cavity divided into a plurality of regions; and wherein in response to selection of a first one of the undesirable oral health characteristics, the representation of the health profile indicates which regions of the user's oral cavity are affected by the first one of the undesirable oral health characteristic.

Abstract: A system and method of treating and protecting an injured claw of an animal. A claw cap is provided. The claw cap is an elastomeric cap that defines an interior compartment. A medicated compound may be provided within the interior compartment of the claw cap. The injured claw is advanced into the claw cap through the open end of the claw cap. The injured claw is exposed to the medicated compound within the interior compartment of the claw cap. The claw cap then engages the exterior of the injured claw with a friction fit. The claw cap remains on the injured claw as the animal resumes normal activities. The claw cap is removed once the medication has affected a significant degree of healing.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are medical products with a layer of dehydrated modified basement membrane preparation formed thereon. The basement membrane has been modified before dehydration of remove low molecular weight components. Methods of making and using the products also are disclosed.

Abstract: A medical device including a mesh prosthesis having a first mesh layer affixed to a second mesh layer along a perimeter area. An enclosure is defined between the first and second layers and extends inwardly from the perimeter area. An opening in the first layer passes through the first layer to the enclosure. A fixation guide template defines a guide pocket within the enclosure. A resilient deployment structure is removably disposed within the enclosure and extending toward the perimeter area. The resilient deployment structure has an elasticity that generates a resilient deployment force for urging the mesh prosthesis to a deployed configuration from a non-deployed configuration. A shield projection extends outwardly from a perimeter of the resilient deployment structure and is engaged within the guide pocket to prevent relative rotational movement between the resilient deployment structure and the mesh prosthesis. A method of using a medical device is also included.

Abstract: A vena cava filter catheter includes a catheter having a lumen disposed therethrough and at least one strand of biocompatible wire. The at least one strand has a first state in which the at least one strand has an elongate geometry suitable for traversing the lumen of the catheter and a second state in which the at least one strand assumes a pre-set geometry in which the at least one strand assumes a tortuous configuration adapted to occupy a space approximating a luminal diameter of an inferior vena cava.

Abstract: The device of the invention may include an interlaced portion (1) and internal inserts (17) that exit the interlaced portion, form a loop, e.g., an external member, and optionally re-enter the interlaced portion. The interlace portion may filter and/or deflect emboli or other large objects from entering protected secondary vessels, while the external member may facilitate device placement within the primary vessel. The device may further be compatible with common delivery methods used in interventional cardiology (e.g., TAVI procedures). The device may be integrated into a delivery system. In other embodiments, the device may be detachable from the delivery system. Upon deployment, the device may be positioned so as to contact the orifice of one or more secondary blood vessels to, e.g., the aortic arch. In still other embodiments, the filaments may be arranged so that the edge of the device is relatively flexible and may serve as a gasket for improved device performance within a primary vessel.

Abstract: Implants having improved mechanical properties and/or degradation profiles, kits including such implants, and methods of producing and using the same.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a multi-layer collagen scaffold. The method generally comprises the steps of: preparing a first suspension of collagen and freezing or lyophilising the suspension to provide a first layer; optionally preparing a further suspension of collagen and adding the further suspension onto the layer formed in the previous step to form a further layer, and freezing or lyophilising the layers, wherein when the layer formed in the previous step is formed by lyophilisation the lyophilised layer is re-hydrated prior to addition of the next layer; optionally, repeating the aforementioned step to form one or more further layers; and preparing a final suspension of collagen and pouring the final suspension onto the uppermost layer to form a final layer, and freeze-drying the layers to form the multi-layer collagen composite scaffold.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates, in some aspects, to orthopaedic implants for securing soft tissue to bone and methods for using the same. One particular implant comprises a first exposed porous surface region, having pores for promoting bone ingrowth, and a second exposed porous surface, having pores for promoting soft tissue ingrowth. At least some of the pores of the first exposed porous surface region may be seeded with osteocytic factors and at least some of the pores of the second exposed porous surface region may be seeded with fibrocytic factors. Such orthopaedic implants can advantageously facilitate regeneration of the soft tissue to bone interface.

Abstract: A method for marking a surgically formed cavity in a patient includes providing an implant comprising a matrix material and a marking material, the matrix material configured to be elastically compressible; modifying the shape and size of the implant to fit the shape and size of the surgically formed cavity in the patient, the implant being configured to fill the surgically formed cavity and support tissue surrounding the surgically formed cavity and to allow in-growth of fibrous tissue into and replace at least a portion of the matrix material; and inserting the implant into the surgically formed cavity.

Abstract: An artificial cornea is formed from a hydro gel polymer and includes a monolithic body having a center optic surrounded by an annular rim. Artificial cornea is inserted into a central anterior opening in a cornea so that the annular rim enters an annular pocket surrounding the opening. The height of the center optic matches the depth of the central opening so that the level of the artificial cornea matches that of the native cornea.

Abstract: Intraocular lens delivery devices and methods of use.

Abstract: A thin, biocompatible, high-strength, composite material is disclosed that is suitable for use in various implanted configurations. In one aspect, the composite material maintains flexibility in high-cycle flexural applications, making it particularly applicable to high-flex implants such as a prosthetic heart valve leaflet. The composite material includes a porous expanded fluoropolymer membrane and an elastomer, wherein the elastomer is present in the pores of the porous expanded fluoropolymer.

Abstract: A thin, biocompatible, high-strength, composite material is disclosed that is suitable for use in various implanted configurations. The composite material maintains flexibility in high-cycle flexural applications, making it particularly applicable to high-flex implants such as a prosthetic heart valve leaflet. The composite material includes at least one porous expanded fluoropolymer layer and an elastomer present in the pores of the porous expanded fluoropolymer.

Abstract: Valve devices for replacement of mitral valves while preserving valvular and subvalvular mitral valve apparatus. The valve device may be configured as a double orifice valve replacement device, and may include an anchoring and manifold assembly coupleable to a delivery catheter. The assembly may include means for anchoring the device to the mitral valve or to a fixation device already attached to the mitral valve. A peripheral ring anchoring system secured to the assembly may include at least one expandable anchoring ring that is expandable within an orifice of the mitral valve so as to surround the orifice perimeter. A helical suture may be helically disposable about the ring, securing the ring to adjacent leaflet tissue. A trap door valve including a trap door body that seals against the anchoring ring during systole and unseals during the diastolic portion of the cardiac cycle may be provided.