Abstract: Press section and process for dewatering a fibrous material web that includes a plurality of rolls arranged to form at least three nips and at least one endlessly circulating dewatering belt associated with each nip. Each at least one endlessly circulating dewatering belt is structured and arranged to guide the fibrous material web through its respective nip and to receive water squeezed out of the fibrous material web in the respective nip. The plurality of rolls include at least one press roll having a smooth surface arranged to contact a surface of the fibrous material web and an endlessly circulating, smooth transfer belt is structured and arranged to contact a surface of the fibrous material web opposite the surface contacting the smooth surface of the at least one press roll and to support the fibrous material web through at least one of the at least three nips.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for calendering a paper or board web, in which method the web (W) is calendered in at least one calendering nip (N1-N8), and in which method the web (W) is moisturized before calendering. In the method, the web (W) is moisturized by means of moisturization (20; 21) very close before at least one calendering nip (N1, N5). The invention also relates to a calender for calendering a paper or board web comprising at least one calendering nip (N1-N8) and at least one device for moisturizing the web (W). The device for moisturizing the web (W) is a moisturizing device (20; 21) and that the moisturizing device (20; 21) is placed very close before or in at least one calendering nip (N1, N5).

Abstract: Process for operating and calender with a roll stack having a plurality of rolls, including two end rolls arranged to form a press plane and middle rolls arranged between the end rolls. The plurality of rolls includes at least one elastic roll. The process includes displacing at least one roll relative to the press plane at periodic intervals.

Abstract: A calendering method and calender in which a web material is passed through a calender, the calender being defined by two rolls having resilient roll coatings and being loaded towards each other so that due to the resilient nature of the roll coatings an extended nip is defined. Each of the calendering rolls being covered by a flexible calendering belt that is non-compressible in comparison to the roll coatings and each of the calendering belts being formed into a endless loop by passing over a respective alignment or reversing roll.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a calendar for treating a material web. In an exemplary embodiment, first and second roll stacks have first and second deflection adjustment rolls on an end thereof, respectively. Each of the first and second deflection adjustment rolls has a sleeve lift, and a sleeve supported by a deflection adjustment device on a fixed bracket. The first and second deflection adjustment rolls are adjacent to each other to define an additional nip therebetween that can be at least partially closed by the sleeve lift. An effective direction of the deflection adjustment device of the first deflection adjustment roll alternatively points toward the first roll stack and the second deflection adjustment roll, and an effective direction of the deflection adjustment device of the second deflection adjustment roll alternatively points toward the second roll stack and the first deflection adjustment roll.

Abstract: A method for detecting contamination on or damage to a web-contacting face in a paper machine or a paper finishing machine, including the steps of detecting vibrations of the web-contacting face over a period of time by means of a plurality of detectors arranged in association with the machine and determining the location of the contamination on or damage to the web-contacting face based on the time the vibrations were detected.

Abstract: A process and device for increasing the gloss and/or smoothness of a web of material are described, whereby a web of material (5) is passed through a roller gap where it is exposed to pressure. A steam dispensing device (7) is provided upstream of the roller gap relative to the direction of travel (9) of the web of material (5). The increase in gloss and/or smoothness is to be accomplished without consuming much energy. To do so, the steam is condensed on the web of material and the web of material (5) is guided through the roller gap before the increase in moisture content of the surface due to the steam treatment has dropped below a predetermined value.

Abstract: A meat preparing machine having two vertically stacked columns of two or more non-sharpened edge stainless steel rollers, or of various other materials such as plastic or aluminum, adjacent to one another in an aluminum or stainless steel frame. The stacked rollers are configured to tenderize, flatten, scrape or cut the meat into strips. Four threaded shafts with numbers connect each corner of the stacked rollers to an adjacent corner of the other stacked rollers to allow for the adjustment of the spacing between the stacked rollers. A first conveyor belt with scraper at the end to discharge meat into the first and second columns is mounted adjacent the top of the rollers for feeding the meat into the rollers. A second conveyor belt with scrapers to discharge meat is mounted adjacent the bottom of the rollers for retrieving the prepared meat from the machine.

Abstract: A method for the treatment of a material web and a press arrangement with a plurality of press gaps. A roll has a flexible press jacket supported from an inside, and forms a respective press gap with each of at least two further driven rolls. The drive power, or speed of one of the driven rolls, is regulated in accordance with a predetermined desired value, to ensure a common speed of the driven roll. A maximum line force and/or drive power of a front press gap, considered in a web running direction, is controlled and/or regulated, at least within a certain range, in accordance with a maximum line force, or drive power, of a rear press gap, considered in the web running direction.

Abstract: Calender for a web, process of forming the calender, and process of treating a web in the calender. The calender includes rolls having rotational axes and a roll stack composed of the rolls. The rolls of the roll stack are arranged such that the rotational axes are positionable in a horizontal plane. The calender also includes levers. The rolls include end rolls and middle rolls, the middle rolls being coupled to the levers. The calender also includes force devices positioned to exert a force on the levers. The process of forming includes arranging the rotational axes of the rolls in a horizontal plane, coupling levers to the middle rolls arranged between the end rolls of the roll stack, and coupling force devices to the levers. The process of treating the web includes guiding the web through the roll stack, pressing an end roll of the roll stack in a horizontal direction toward the other end roll of the roll stack, and adjusting a line load between adjacent rolls of the roll stack.

Abstract: The invention relates to a calender for treatment of a product web, having at least one roll stack comprising rolls arranged in a calender frame, the ends of which rolls are guided in roll mountings, which can be fastened to the calender frame by means of brackets, and having guiding means associated with the rolls for guiding a product web through nips formed between the individual rolls. For a rapid change-over with respect to the nature and intensity of the treatment of a product web in a calender, the brackets are in the form of modules, which support the rolls and are capable of being fastened individually to the calender frame and which have identical connecting devices for grouping, as desired, on the calender frame.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for calendering a fiber web, wherein the fiber web passes through an extended and heated nip, said nip being formed on one side by a cylindrical heated roll and on the other side by a flexible tubular jacket which is pressed against the heated roll by means of a concave load shoe, said tubular jacket surrounding a stationary support beam which supports at least one actuator which may urge said load shoe and said flexible tubular jacket against said heated roll, and wherein the extension of the load shoe in the axial extension is less than the axial extension of the jacket and the heated roll such that when the load shoe is urged against the heated roll there will be formed tapered sections at each side end of the jacket within the nip wherein said tapered section are substantially covered by said fiber web such that a small strips of the fiber web at each edge is not calendered in said extended nip.

Abstract: An apparatus for joining dough blocks to form a continuous dough sheet. The dough blocks are cut from a dough mass and drop into a space between first and second groups of rollers. The first and second groups of rollers include horizontally-paired rollers arranged in tiers and forming a substantially V-shaped space for receiving the dough blocks, with the uppermost pair of rollers being separated by a first horizontal gap which is wider than a second horizontal gap separating the lowermost pair of rollers. The first group of rollers are rotated in a direction (e.g., clockwise) which is opposite to that of the second group of rollers. In addition, the first group of rollers is alternately moved toward and away from the second group of rollers, thereby applying vibrations to the dough blocks.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus calendering a fiber web, wherein the fiber web passes through an extended and heated nip, said nip being formed on one side by a cylindrical heated roll and on the other side by a flexible tubular jacket which is pressed against the heated roll by means of a concave load shoe, said tubular jacket surrounding a stationary support beam which supports at least one actuator which may urge said load shoe and said flexible tubular jacket against said heated roll, and wherein the extension of the load shoe in the axial extension is less than the axial extension of the jacket and the heated roll such that when the load shoe is urged against the heated roll there will be formed tapered sections at each side end of the jacket within the nip characterised in that said tapered section are substantially covered by said fiber web such that a small strips of the fiber web at each edge is not calendered in said extended nip.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of use is disclosed for a machine used for perforating and flattening or crushing containers of varying sizes and materials. The disclosed machine has a frame having an input opening and a discharge opening. A first plurality of shafts and second plurality of shafts are rotatably supported by the firame. The first plurality of shafts are disposed in a first plane and the second plurality of shafts are disposed in a second plane. The second plane is acutely angled with respect to the first plane. One or more motors rotate the first and second plurality of shafts, each shaft having perforating elements positioned along them. The perforating elements are offset between adjacent performing shafts such that adjacent perforating elements overlap but do not touch the adjacent shaft. The perforating elements have a plurality of spikes capable of perforating the container being perforated and crushed. In use, containers are introduced into the frame through the input opening.

Abstract: A calender for a sheet material, e.g., paper, having at least two treatment stations through which the sheet material passes in succession. To regulate a desired parameter of the sheet material, each treatment station may include a plurality of adjacently arranged adjustment zones positioned in a row extending across a width of the sheet material. The adjustment zones of one of the treatment stations are positioned to be offset relative to the adjustment zones of the other treatment station by a fraction of a width of the adjustment zones, e.g., one-half the width. The particular arrangement enabling improved correction potential without increasing structural expenditure.

Abstract: A calender is provided for calendering a fibrous web wherein the moisture profile of the web can be controlled. The calender includes a plurality of rolls wherein at least one of the rolls comprises a profiling roll. The profiling roll has a plurality of profiling zones extending in a cross-machine direction to define a profiling nip. The roll is independently expandable in each of the zones, such as by an internal pressurized shoe arrangement, so that the pressure in the profiling nip can be varied in the cross-machine direction. A waterbox is positioned adjacent to the profiling nip and water is carried directly into the profiling nip where at least a portion of the water is transferred to the web such that the moisture profile of the web can be varied in the cross-machine direction by varying the nip pressure in the respective profiling zones.

Abstract: Calender that may include two separately operable roll stacks. Each roll stack may include a top roll composed of a deflection compensation roll and a bottom roll composed of a deflection compensation roll. The two roll stacks may be arranged one atop the other.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for kneading used fluid filters having an initial kneader and a final kneader disposed subsequent to the inital kneader. The initial kneader includes a first roller and a second roller disposed on the frame adjacent to the first roller at a distance less than the diameter of the used fluid filter. The first and second rollers include a bar extending longitudinally along the perimeter of each of the first and second rollers for grabbing the used fluid filter. The second roller rotates faster than the first roller and includes a high bar extending longitudinally along the perimeter of the second roller for shearing away the filter plate from the filter canister. The final kneader includes a fifth roller and a sixth roller on the frame adjacent to the fifth roller at a distance less than the distance between the first roller and the second roller. The fifth and sixth rollers include a plurality of points.

Abstract: A meat flattening machine having two vertically stacked rows of non-sharpened edge stainless steel rollers adjacent to one another in an aluminum frame. Each row has at least two and preferably six rollers wherein the top row is spaced further apart from the bottom rows The plural stacked rows allow for the meat to be pulled and stretched between the rollers for flattening the meat. Four screws connect each corner of the stacked rollers to an adjacent corner of the other stacked rollers to allow for the spacing between the stacked rows to be adjustable. Each roller has parallel rows of rectangular ridges having non-sharpened edges. The bottom roller of each stack can have grooves approximately 1/16 inch deep, while the above rollers can have grooves approximately 1/8 inch deep between the rectangular ridges. The frame includes a removable electric motor, stainless steel sprockets and stainless steel chains for rotating the rollers.

Abstract: A needle destruction device has a main frame, a lateral plate, a motor, a motor shaft extending from the motor, a drive gear connected to the motor shaft, a follower gear engaging with the drive gear, a first upper roller, a second upper roller, a first lower roller, a second lower roller, a first upper shaft extending from the first upper roller, a first upper driven gear connected to the first upper shaft, a second upper shaft extending from the second upper roller, a second upper driven gear connected to the second upper shaft, a first lower shaft extending from the first lower roller, a first lower driven gear connected to the first lower shaft, a second lower shaft extending from the second lower roller, a second lower driven gear connected to the second lower shaft, the first upper driven gear engaging with the follower gear and the second upper driven gear, the first lower driven gear engaging with the follower gear and the second lower driven gear.

Abstract: A calender for treating both sides of a paper web includes hard rollers and soft rollers. Working nips are formed between the juncture of each hard roller and soft roller. The roller stack can be loaded from one end, and preferably includes six to eight rollers. A changeover nip is formed by the juncture of two soft rollers or at the transition between two stacks. When using two stacks, each stack preferably has three to five rollers. At least one working nip has a dwell time of at least 0.1 ms. A heatable roller adjacent to the working nip is heated to a surface temperature of at least 100.degree. C. The roller stack is loaded such that an average compressive stress in the working nip is greater than or equal to 42 N/mm.sup.2.

Abstract: A calender for treating a web of material includes at least two rollers forming a roller nip therebetween. A take-up device is disposed downstream from the at least two rollers. At least one longitudinal cutter is disposed between the at least two rollers and the take-up device. The at least one longitudinal cutter divides the web of material into at least two partial webs. The take-up device has at least two winding stations. Each of the winding stations corresponds to one of the partial webs.

Abstract: A calender having one stack of rollers has a working nip formed between a hard roller and a soft roller. A changeover nip is formed between adjacent soft rollers. The changeover nip is arranged approximately in the center of the roller stack. The cumulative weight of the rollers is such that the sum of the loads per unit of length of the working nips disposed above the changeover nip is at least 80 percent of the sum of the loads per unit of length of the working nips disposed below the changeover nip.

Abstract: The printing products (33) to be pressed run through in an imbricated formation (S), in which the fold edges (33a) of the printing products (33) lie at the top, between the pressing rollers (3, 4, 5, 6) of two pairs of pressing rollers (1, 2) arranged one behind the other. The upper pressing rollers (3, 5) of each pair of pressing rollers (1, 2), which come directly into contact with the fold edges (33a), are fixedly mounted. On the other hand, the other pressing rollers (4, 6) of each pair of pressing rollers (1, 2) are mounted on each side in a common mounting (15), with the sides being resiliently mounted on pneumatic springs (16). The pressing rollers (3, 4, 5, 6) are driven individually by means of flexible drive belts (17, 18, 19, 20). By this arrangement, the printing products (33) can be pressed satisfactorily and gently even at high conveying speed.

Abstract: In the inventive method and apparatus for calendering a surface of a paper or board web, a temperature difference is created between the web surfaces so that the surface to be calendered is cooler than the opposite surface. In addition, moisture within the web is transferred using the so-called heat pipe effect toward the cooler surface while substantially preventing evaporation of moisture from the web so as to create a predetermined moisture profile transversely through the web and decrease the glass transition temperature of the web at the relatively cooler surface to be calendered. Finally, the web having the predetermined moisture profile is advanced into the calendering nip so that the relatively cooler and moister surface of the web is pressed against the heated roll of the nip to thereby calender that web surface.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for rapid exchanging of calender rollers 350,352 for a calendering apparatus 302 is disclosed. The apparatus 302 has two or more generally cylindrical calender rollers 350,352 which are clamped and supported at each end by a rotatable support 314,316. A pair of the supports 314,316 are axially aligned and movable relative to the other axially aligned support. The method of exchanging rollers 350,352 includes the step of unclamping a roller 350 or 352 by increasing the spacing between the first and second rotatable supports 314,316, removing the roller 350,352, and clamping a different calender roller 350,352 between the first and second supports 314,316 by decreasing the spacing between them and engaging the respective ends of the different roller 350,352 with the first and second supports 314,316. This apparatus and method greatly facilitates rapid calender roller changeover and is particularly useful in the tire building art.

Abstract: The car mat presser device of the invention includes a unitary housing having a plurality of pairs of cooperating rolls, with each of the rolls defining a nip therebetween, wherein an entrance slot directed into the housing is oriented in alignment with the nip of each pair of rolls, with an exit opening directed through a bottom wall of the housing to receive a car mat therethrough subsequent to its projection through the roller pairs.

Abstract: A method for calendering a suture includes passing the suture lengthwise between two pairs of calendering rollers each pair being oriented orthogonally to the other pair. The suture may be coated and/or filled by passing it through the contacting region of a suture filling applicator to which filling agent is supplied by a metering pump. The filling process may be computer controlled.

Abstract: A calender for treating a material web, particularly a paper web, with at least two rolls forming with each other a roll gap for passage of the web, with a heating system and with a removable cover system. The cover system comprises a foil which is tightened at least around part of the circumference of at least one of the rolls while forming a machine-wide gap between itself and the shell surface of the respective roll, and extending in planes situated parallel to the roll axes.

Abstract: A platform at one side of a battery of rolls in a calender can be moved up or down when the rolls are not driven or when a breastwork at the parapet of the platform is moved to a raised position so that an operator standing on the bottom wall of the platform cannot reach a nip of the rolls while the rolls are driven.

Abstract: Apparatus for cooling the end portions of a calender roll which has an elastic layer adjacent its peripheral surface and wherein the central portion of the peripheral surface is overlapped by a running web of paper or other material when the calender is in use. The width of the non-overlapped portions of the peripheral surface of the roll varies when a web having a first width is followed by a web having a different second width. This could lead to damage to the roll at the non-overlapped portions of the peripheral surface as a result of overheating by an adjacent rotary component of the calender. The end portions of the roll are cooled by discrete adjustable cooling devices which are movable along the respective non-overlapped portions of the peripheral surface in parallelism with the axis of the roll and each of which shares movements with a monitoring device which is to be maintained in a selected position relative to the adjacent marginal portion of a running web.

Abstract: A calender stack having a plurality of hard and soft calender rolls for use in calendering a coated or uncoated paper web which comprises employing a plurality of soft rolls exhibiting at least two distinct levels of hardness and arranging the rolls in a calender such that the level of hardness is progressively harder in the direction of travel of the coated paper web.

Abstract: A device for the assembly of a laminated glazing by pressing includes at last one unit of pressing rollers (3, 5) extending crosswise, and controlled by at least one unit of cylinders (19, 30). The pressing rollers are mounted at least in part in pairs (3a, 3b, 5a, 5b) on the rod of the same cylinder by a joint system (17, 28) making possible a relative movement of one roller in relation to the other in the direction of pressing.

Abstract: A process for producing a smooth and glossy surface on a paper web and a calender arrangement for carrying out the process are disclosed. The calender arrangement comprises two sets of rolls through which the paper web is conducted in succession. Each set of rolls comprises a highly heated hard roll and a soft roll. A cooling device arranged upstream of at least one of the nips formed between the roll sets restricts the amount of heat transfer to the inner layers of the paper web and the attendant, undesirable partial plasticization of the inner layers of the web.

Abstract: Support components or supports for supporting calender rolls for treating web-shaped materials comprise walls which surround a roll stand of the calender and are slidably arranged at guideways provided at the roll stand. Each support component supports an associated calender roll having a predetermined diameter, and a predetermined support length of each support component in a predetermined direction of the guideways is greater than the predetermined diameter of the associated calender roll. The walls of adjacent support components define a predetermined numbr of pairs of mutually facing edges. At least one pair of mutually facing edges between two adjacent support components contains projections and complementary shaped recesses. When such two adjacent support components are slidably displaced toward one another, the projections extend into the correspondingly structured complementary shaped recesses.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for the finishing of a fiber web (W) by means of an on-machine calender connected to a paper machine or the like. The calendering apparatus includes a first hard roll (1) and a second hard roll (2) which is at a distance from the first one, and at substantially the same horizontal level, and in addition at least two elastic rolls (3,4,5) mounted on bearings borne by movable support (9,10,11,12). The elastic rolls (3,5) define in a working position calendering nips with the hard rolls (1,2). A number of paper guiding rolls (6,7,8,9,10,11) lead the course (W.sub.in .fwdarw.W.sub.out) of the web (W) through the calendering nips. The elastic rolls (3,4,5) have been arranged with respect to the hard rolls (1,2) so that the calendering nips (N.sub.1, N.sub.10, N.sub.11,N.sub.2, N.sub.20, N.sub.21) can be defined against the upper quadrant of the hard rolls (1,2) at substantially the same horizontal level with each other.

Abstract: A tandem calender is provided at the output end of a paper machine which includes two single stack nips in-line. The first nip is formed by a pair of steel rolls which are lightly loaded and the second nip is formed by a steel roll and a plastic covered roll which is loaded 2-10 times greater than the first nip.

Abstract: A supercalender at the output of a paper machine includes two pairs of zone-wise deflection-controlled rollers. Each pair has a hard surface roller and a soft roller with an elastic outer layer or covering having a minimum hardness of 85.degree. Shore D. The hard rollers are disposed on one side and the soft rollers on the other side of the travel path of the paper.

Abstract: On-machine supercalender apparatus is provided at the output side of a paper machine and includes a plurality of soft and hard calendering rolls defining a plurality of soft calendering nips arranged successively in the direction of the run of the web being calendered, each soft calendering nip being formed by a pair of calendering rolls including a respective soft calendering roll and a corresponding respective hard calendering roll. According to the invention, the run of the web is guided successively through the nips in a manner such that the soft rolls do not participate in the guidance of the run of the web, i.e., the web is only guided in its run on the outer surfaces of the hard calendering rolls and, possibly, guide rolls.

Abstract: A calendering machine or a similar machine which has a plurality of treating rollers arranged one above the other and movable in the vertical direction includes a structural unit for rapidly displacing the lowermost roller between its lifted position in which the rollers form treating nips with one another, and a lower position in which the rollers are spaced apart and define gaps between each other. The structural unit is connected to the bearing block of the lowermost roller and incorporates guides, upward movement limiting abutment surfaces for the bearing block, and a hydraulic cylinder-and-piston unit acting on the bearing block from below to displace the bearing block to its lifted position upon introduction of pressurized hydraulic fluid medium into its working chamber, and to permit the bearing to rapidly descend to its lower position upon discharge of the hydraulic fluid medium from its working chamber.

Abstract: During the manufacture of a paper product such as paper or cardboard, a moving web of sheet material which is to form the paper product is lapped over a roll while the relatively smooth, hard surface of a smoothing member is pressed against an outer surface region of the sheet material across the entire width thereof while an inner surface region thereof engages the roll, so as to impart in this way desired characteristics to the surface of the web engaged by the smoothing member, with a frictional rubbing action being provided between the web and the surface of the smoothing member. The above roll may be the roll of a press section, a drying section, or a calendering section of a paper machine, and a suitable support structure carries the smoothing member to maintain the latter in engagement with the moving web. The smoothing member may be fixed to the supporting structure or may take the form of a smoothing roller supported for rotary movement by the supporting structure.