Abstract: Compositions for controlling damage to cementitious materials as a result of alkali-silica reactions (ASR) are provided. The compositions include a lithium containing material and a surface active agent. The compositions are capable of effectively delivering lithium into a cementitious material after the composition is applied to a surface thereof. Processes for treating cementitious materials using the compositions are also provided.

Abstract: An ultrafine cementitious grout in three particle grades containing Portland cement, pumice as a pozzolanic material and superplasticizer in the amounts of about 30 wt. % to about 70 wt. % Portland cement; from about 30 wt. % to about 70 wt. % pumice containing at least 70% amorphous silicon dioxide; and from 1.2 wt. % to about 5.0 wt. % superplasticizer. The superplasticizer is dispersed in the mixing water prior to the addition of dry grout and the W/CM ratio is about 0.4 to 1/1. The grout has very high strength and very low permeability with good workability. The ultrafine particle sizes allow for sealing of microfractures below 10 .mu.m in width.

Abstract: An accelerating admixture for use with sprayable cementitious compositions such as shotcrete comprises a mixture of (a) amorphous aluminium hydroxide and/or aluminium hydroxysulphate, and (b) at least one amine, preferably an alkanolamine. In a preferred embodiment, the admixture also comprises an aqueous dispersion of at least one polymer which comprises pendant carboxylic moieties.

Abstract: An aqueous composition for coloring cement based compositions comprising water, pigment, a suspension enhancing agent and latex polymer solids.

Abstract: An accelerating admixture for use with cementitious compositions, especially shotcrete, comprises aluminium sulphate and at least one alkanolamine. The admixture also preferably comprises an stabilising agent, which is preferably selected from aqueous stable polymeric dispersions and sepiolite magnesium silicate.

Abstract: A CO.sub.2 pre-curing period is used prior to accelerated (steam or high-pressure steam) curing of cement and concrete products in order to: (1) prepare the products to withstand the high temperature and vapor pressure in the accelerated curing environment without microcracking and damage; and (2) incorporate the advantages of carbonation reactions in terms of dimensional stability, chemical stability, increased strength and hardness, and improved abrasion resistance into cement and concrete products without substantially modifying the conventional procedures of accelerated curing. Depending on the moisture content of the product, the invention may accomplish CO.sub.2 pre-curing by first drying the product (e.g. at slightly elevated temperature) and then expose it to a carbon dioxide-rich environment. Vigorous reactions of cement paste in the presence of carbon dioxide provide the products with enhanced strength, integrity and chemical and dimensional stability in a relatively short time period.

Abstract: A method for preparing concrete or mortar in which a mixture of a hydraulic binder, aggregates, water, and colloidal silica is prepared. The relative standard deviation of the particle size distribution by numbers of the colloidal silica is at least about 30%. The invention also relates to concrete or mortar obtainable by the method.

Abstract: A combination of a class C fly ash having a high analytical content of CaO, and a silica fume, with a hydraulic cement, such as Portland cement, produces concrete with alkali-silica reactive aggregate having acceptable low expansion such as by ASTM C 1260; and also produces sulphate resistance with mineral aggregates generally.

Abstract: Colloids of non-metals or metals, their oxides, hydroxides, oxihydrates and/or polymers (such as, e.g., heteropolyacids) are used in a method for reducing the susceptibility to fissuring in the curing of non-cured binder suspensions (such as, e.g., unset concrete, ready-mix) and for aftertreating already cured binder suspensions (such as, e.g., concrete).

Abstract: This development produces a rapid hardening hydraulic cement, (RHHC) composite, which has less free lime to develop calcium hydroxide, and an additive, which has three components. One--a pozzolan, to combine with the lime left in the cement; Two--a plasticizer for workability, and Three--a retarder to control the set time of the resulting mix (Zircrete). The significance of the combination of the components is the development of stable properties in a glass fiber reinforced cement matrix in a fully aged or cured condition.

Abstract: Additives are disclosed which inhibit the corrosion of metals in construction materials which contain an inorganic binder. The inventive corrosion inhibitors contain a reaction product of amines and acids or they consist of such a reaction product. Said saltlike corrosion inhibitors upon use do not develop any undesired fragrance, and they furthermore do not bring along any health risks for the persons who are working with said substances. Through the adding of the inventive corrosion inhibitors, furthermore the properties of the construction material during its preparation and also during its use can be improved. In corresponding processes for inhibiting the corrosion of metals which are in contact with the construction materials, like e.g. metal armings, the corrosion inhibitors are usually added in an amount of 0.01% by weight to 10% by weight of said reaction product, referred to the inorganic binder which is contained in such material.

Abstract: A method for coating a substrate with a cementitious composition by spraying, comprising the addition to the initial cementitious mix one of a .beta.-naphthalene sulphonate-formaldehyde condensate and a water-soluble poly(alkylene oxide) of molecular weight from 100,000-8,000,000, the other being added at the spraying nozzle, there being additionally added at the nozzle (preferably as a single component with the other nozzle-added material) an accelerator selected from aluminium sulphate, aluminium hydroxide and aluminium hydroxysulphate. In a preferred embodiment, the material added at the nozzle also contains a superplasticiser.

Abstract: Pulp fibers derived from wood or non-wood plants or recycled paper products are individualized and dispersed in water, and mixed into cement-based mixtures using conventional mixing procedures at relatively low dosages of about 0.3-30 kg of fiber per cubic meter of concrete. Once individualized, the affinity of plant pulp fibers for water facilitates their dispersion in normal cement-based mixtures. Fresh cement-based materials incorporating the dispersed individualized plant pulp fibers provide desirable workability, resistance to segregation and bleeding, pumpability, finishability, and reduced rebound when pneumatically applied. Hardened cement-based materials incorporating the dispersed individualized plant pulp fibers provide improvements in crack resistance, toughness, impact resistance, fatigue life, abrasion resistance, and other mechanical, physical and durability characteristics.

Abstract: Rapid setting cementitious compositions comprise hydraulic cement and at least 4% by weight based on the weight of the cement of a water-soluble malate or citramalate such as an alkali metal malate or alkali metal citramalate.

Abstract: The present invention regards a particularly quick-setting Portland cement clinker containing calcium fluoro-aluminate (11CaO.7Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.CaF.sub.2) mixed with lime that has not undergone the burning process of the clinker.

Abstract: Binder compositions are provided which include a mineral binder and a silicon-containing carbon black. The silicon-containing carbon black can have attached an ionic or ionizable organic group or can be oxidized. Silicon-containing carbon blacks may be prepared by a furnace method. The binder compositions of the present invention have improved coloring and weathering properties in comparison to binder compositions prepared with conventional carbon blacks. Furthermore, the binder compositions that incorporate silicon-containing carbon blacks having ionic or ionizable organic groups attached exhibit excellent dispersibility, even in pelletized form. Articles such as roofing tiles can be prepared from the binder compositions. Also contemplated is a method of improving the color stability of a mineral binder composition. Silicon-containing carbon blacks as described above are added to the mineral binder composition.

Abstract: Cementitious binders include calcium sulfate beta-hemihydrate, a cement component comprising Portland cement, and either silica fume or rice-husk ash. The silica fume or rice-husk ash component is at least about 92 wt % amorphous silica and has an alumina content of about 0.6 wt % or less.

Abstract: An aqueous composition for coloring cement based compositions comprising water, pigment, a suspension enhancing agent and latex polymer solids.

Abstract: Powdered and liquid fluid loss additives are disclosed for use in cementing wellbores, particularly oil and gas wellbores. Excellent fluid loss control is achieved over a wide range of conditions using various cements systems. The invention utilizes polyvinyl acetate polymers as a fluid loss additive. The polyvinyl acetate polymer is used in conjunction with a dispersing sulfonated polymer and surfactant. This highly effective combination is then adjusted to individual well conditions with chelating agent, cross-linking agent, biocides, antifoams, or combinations of these. The dispersants are novel dispersing agent polymers such as melamine sulfonate polymer, vinyl sulfonate polymer and styrene sulfonate polymer and mixtures of these. These dispersant materials are usually prepared at low pH and can be used in the acid form, or neutralized to form salts of the polymers, wherein the salt can be a Group I or Group II metal salt, or ammonium salts (common salts).

Abstract: Ground bottom ash, a waste material derived from combustion of coal, which presents a disposal problem, replaces part of the cement in a cementitious material useful in concretes and mortars and provides compressive strengths in concretes comparable with or better than corresponding cements in which there is no replacement of cement by ground bottom ash and cements containing fly ash.

Abstract: An aqueous composition for coloring cement based compositions comprising water, pigment, a suspension enhancing agent and latex polymer solids.

Abstract: A shrinkage compensating cement exceeding the ASTM standard specification limiting 28 day expansion to 115% of the 7 day expansion. 28 day expansions of 120-200% are contemplated. The expansion takes place over an extended period of time, to better offset the shrinkage occurring as the concrete dries. The development of tensile stresses in the concrete is reduced and also is delayed, allowing more time for the tensile strength of the concrete to increase as the concrete dries. Shrinkage cracking is consequently significantly reduced.

Abstract: A multicomponent aqueous flowable admixture is formed with silica fume and stabilized with one or more high-range concrete water-reducing agents or one or more ordinary concrete water-reducing agents alone or in combination. The admixture is of particular advantage when added to fresh concrete or mortar to enhance plasticity and workability as compared to conventional concrete or mortar.

Abstract: A high early strength admixture for precast hydraulic cement comprises a calcium salt and a copolymer having a carbon-containing backbone to which are attached cement-anchoring members, such as carboxyl groups, and to which are also attached oxyalkylene pendant groups by linkages selected from the group consisting of amide and imide members. The copolymers used are preferably formed by reacting an acrylic polymer with ammonia or an alkoxylated amine. The calcium salt, preferably calcium nitrite, and the copolymer can be added simultaneously as one admixture, or separately. The invention relates also to methods for enhancing high early strength in concrete, cement, masonry, and mortar mixtures generally, and to precast concrete particarly, and also pertains to such hydraulic mixtures containing the calcium salt and copolymer.

Abstract: Compositions for controlling damage to cementitious materials as a result of alkali-silica reactions (ASR) are provided. The compositions include a lithium containing material and a surface active agent. The compositions are capable of effectively delivering lithium into a cementitious material after the composition is applied to a surface thereof. Processes for treating cementitious materials using the compositions are also provided.

Abstract: A method for producing cement useful for preparing pastes, mortars, concretes and other cement-based materials, having a high workability with reduced water content, high strength and density, and a rapid development of strength, which method includes a mechanicochemical treatment of cement. The method includes a two-stage mechanicochemical treatment of a mixture of cement and at least one of two components, the first component being a SiO.sub.2 -containing microfiller and the second component being a polymer in the form of a powdery water-reducing agent. In the first stage the cement and the first and/or the second component are intensively mixed in a dry state, whereby particles of the first and/or the second component are adsorbed on the cement particles.

Abstract: A system is provided including smart fibers which are employed to deliver agents or components to a matrix before or during cure to affect matrix cure or shaping reactions and final cured structures. The delivered agents may be reactants or catalysts to initiate or modify curing, or other agents such as heat, steam, or a coolant, for example. The system may be used to simulate bone formation, growth, and repair.

Abstract: Colloidal compositions based on fillers, sol oxides, poly silicates, and, optionally, pigmenting agents, and their method of production the solid disperse phase not only operates to cross-link but also as an overmatrix incorporating macroparticles therein. The dispersant is finally chemically set with excess setting agent so that the preliminary product can be finalized to the desired material. For this purpose a matrix-like substance of filler-like macroparticles and sol oxide (crosslinling substance) and a buffer are brought together for assisting the formation of the overmatrix and are processed. This substance is pigmentable by introducing a variation mixture into the substance, so that a wide range of characteristics can be obtained. The substance directed at the desired material, namely a hydration and balancing process stage and a subsequent setting and stabilizing process stage.

Abstract: A method of forming powdered metakaolin for use as an additive in cement based materials comprising the steps of calcining kaolin so as to reduce the hydroxyl content thereof to produce a meta-stable material have an identifiable amorphousness, and pulverizing the meta-stable material into a powder having a particle size of 50 microns or less.

Abstract: Cement admixtures contain an alkali metal carbonate as component (a) and a mono- or di-carboxylate acid or alkali metal salt thereof or an alkali metal salt of a tricarboxylic acid as component (b).

Abstract: An ultrafine cementitious grout having a particle size 90% of which are less than 6 .mu.m in diameter and an average size of about 2.5 .mu.m or less, and preferably 90% of which are less than 5 .mu.m in diameter and an average size of about 2 .mu.m or less containing Portland cement, pumice as a pozzolanic material and superplasticizer in the amounts of about 40 wt. % to about 50 wt. % Portland cement; from about 50 wt. % to about 60 wt. % pumice containing at least 60% amorphous silicon dioxide; and from 0.1 wt. % to about 1.5 wt. % superplasticizer. The grout is mixed with water in the W/CM ratio of about 0.4-0.6/1. The grout has very high strength and very low permeability with good workability. The ultrafine particle sizes allow for sealing of microfractures below 10 .mu.m in width.

Abstract: The present invention relates to concrete, mortar and other hardenable mixtures comprising cement and fly ash for use in construction and other applications, which hardenable mixtures demonstrate significant levels of acid and sulfate resistance while maintaining acceptable compressive strength properties. The acid and sulfate hardenable mixtures of the invention containing fly ash comprise cementitious materials and a fine aggregate. The cementitous materials may comprise fly ash as well as cement. The fine aggregate may comprise fly ash as well as sand. The total amount of fly ash in the hardenable mixture ranges from about 60% to about 120% of the total amount of cement, by weight, whether the fly ash is included as a cementious material, fine aggregate, or an additive, or any combination of the foregoing. In specific examples, mortar containing 50% fly ash and 50% cement in cementitious materials demonstrated superior properties of corrosion resistance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cement-based injection grout containing microcement and water for consolidation and/or waterproofing fine granular soils, finally fissured soils and cracks in rocks or concrete structures. In addition to microcement and water the grout contains amorphous silica particles in an amount of 5-70% based on the weight of cement and 0-10% water-reducing agents based on the weight of the cement, said grout having a weight ratio between water and cement+amorphous silica between 2 and 8.

Abstract: Processes for making cement which when used to make concrete can stabilize the concrete against alkali-silica reactivity (ASR) from alkali containing components. The process includes adding lithium containing materials in the front of a cement kiln along with the cement starting materials in an amount sufficient to minimize ASR.

Abstract: The bonding between concrete and fibers is enhanced by using a fiber coating material selected from certain glycol ethers, having at least three carbon atoms in an oxyalkylene group, and glycerol ethers. The present invention pertains to such coated fibers, a method for modifying a concrete using the coated fibers, and a cementitious composition containing the coated fibers.

Abstract: A corrosion inhibitor formulation for use in reinforced concrete structures, the inhibitor reducing the rate of corrosion in metallic reinforcing rods placed within the structures. The formulation comprises a mixture of alkali metal glucoheptonates and alkali metal molybdates.

Abstract: Cement is made from base metal smelter slag produced by a nickel, copper, lead or zinc smelter. The slag is ground to a size within the range of from about -250 to about 425 mesh to produce ground slag cement, and the ground slag cement is mixed with Type 3 high early strength Portland cement in a ratio of at least about 0.5:1 by weight to produce a blended cement.

Abstract: The hardenable mortar composition consists of a bonding agent component including a hydraulic bonding agent, such as cement, gypsum or mortar, and a paste-forming agent consisting of a liquid solvent inert with respect to the hydraulic bonding agent, and an aqueous component kept separate from the bonding agent component until the two components are mixed to form a hardened mortar composition. The aqueous component includes water and a hydrophobic adsorbent or absorbent. The hydrophobic adsorbent or absorbent is included in the aqueous component to avoid the emergence of the paste-forming agent, which is at the very least unsightly, when the aqueous component is mixed with the bonding agent component. The hydrophobic adsorbent or absorbent binds the paste-forming agent which would otherwise escape during mixing and remains as an inert additive in the setting mortar composition, without reducing the hardness thereof.

Abstract: A cementitious composition of the setting type which can be kept in a ready-mixed state and which can be caused to set and harden upon introduction of an accelerator with reproducibility and set time predictability. The cementitious base composition contains calcium sulfate hemihydrate as a principal filler material and certain non-calcium bearing phosphate additives which prevent setting action in the presence of water. An accelerator, such as zinc sulfate, may be added to the ready-mixed, cementitious composition to initiate the setting action, or the ready-mixed cementitious composition can be used as a drying type joint compound without the addition of an accelerator.

Abstract: A new concrete mix sodium nitrate, sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate, calcium chloride, calcium carbide, lime, cement, coarse aggregate and sand in a percent ratio of (0.51-0.70):(0.56-0.58):(0.66-0.90):(0.05-0.10):(0.17-0.40):(0.05-0.01):(2 5-30):(29.25-12):(30-35) mixed with 13.75 to 20% of water. A process for preparing the composition involves comminution of certain components to a predetermined range of particle size and a treatment to insure certain ranges of moisture content of various components of the composition.

Abstract: Powdered and liquid fluid loss additives are disclosed for use in cementing wellbores, particularly oil and gas wellbores. Excellent fluid loss control is achieved over a wide range of conditions using various cements systems. The invention utilizes polyvinyl acetate polymers as a fluid loss additive. The polyvinyl acetate polymer is used in conjunction with a dispersing sulfonated polymer and surfactant. This highly effective combination is then adjusted to individual well conditions with chelating agent, cross-linking agent, biocides, antifoams, or combinations of these. The dispersants are novel dispersing agent polymers such as melamine sulfonate polymer, vinyl sulfonate polymer and styrene sulfonate polymer and mixtures of these. These dispersant materials are usually prepared at low pH and can be used in the acid form, or neutralized to form salts of the polymers, wherein the salt can be a Group I or Group II metal salt, or ammonium salts (common salts).

Abstract: An additive for concrete, mortar or grout comprises at least one admixture material in a compacted unit of selected amount, the unit having strength sufficient to maintain structural integrity during handling and storage, but having sufficient solubility or friability upon mechanical agitation within a wet mixing environment of a cementitious composition mixture to dissolve or fragment for uniform dispersal throughout the cementitious composition mixture.

Abstract: A new composition for the protection of a body of concrete sodium nitrate, sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate, calcium chloride, calcium carbide, lime, cement, and sand in a percent ratio of (0.9-1.8):(2-3):(2.5-3.6):(0.05-0.15):(0.75-1.15):(0-8-1):(36-40):(49-39.3 ) mixed with 8 to 10% of water. A process for preparing the composition involves comminution of certain components to a predetermined range of particle size and a treatment to insure certain ranges of moisture content of various components of the composition. A new method for the application of the protective composition involves the preparation of the surface being protected to increase the exposed surface area of the surface being protected by a factor of 1.15 to 1.36.

Abstract: A method is described for making concrete mixture by blending new batch cement with recycled concrete material (curb & gutter, sidewalk, brick, block, asphalt & various other concrete items). This new process will enable discarded concrete materials to be reused as a valuable product.

Abstract: A cementitious composition useful for water-resistant construction materials, including floor underlayments, backing boards, self-leveling floor materials, road patching materials, fiberboard, fire-proofing sprays, and fire-stopping materials includes about 20 wt. % to about 75 wt. % calcium sulfate beta-hemihydrate, about 10 wt. % to about 50 wt. % Portland cement, about 4 wt. % to about 20 wt. % silica fume and about 1 wt. % to about 50 wt. % pozzolanic aggregate. The Portland cement component may also be a blend of Portland cement with fly ash and/or ground blast slag.

Abstract: The invention relates to a phosphomagnesium cement obtained by mixing water and a binding phase based on at least one phosphorus compound, at least one magnesium compound and at least one inorganic compound, characterized in that the inorganic compound is introduced in the form:- either of particles (1) of size smaller than 0.1 .mu.m,- or of aggregates (2) of size smaller than 0.1 .mu.m,- or of agglomerates (3) capable of deagglomerating at least partially during the mixing of the said binding phase and of water, into particles of size smaller than 0.1 .mu.m or into aggregates of size smaller than 0.1 .mu.m.

Abstract: The present invention provides lightweight, fast setting cement compositions and methods which can be utilized in performing a variety of well cementing operations. The cement compositions are basically comprised of slag cement, water sufficient to form a pumpable slurry, a gas sufficient to foam the slurry and a foaming agent.

Abstract: Setting and hardening accelerating agent for siliceous hydraulic binders wherein: a) it is obtained by hydration, in the usual pressure and temperature conditions, and grinding of a siliceous hydraulic binder aqueous suspension; b) the suspension particles are sufficiently fine for the agent to meet the following test requirements: an aqueous suspension in a sedimentation specimen at 20.degree. C., containing 10 grams (dry weight) of the accelerating agent in 100 ml of water, must have a sedimentation deposit height at least equal to 50% of the initial height at the end of two days; c) it is in the form of an aqueous suspension.

Abstract: A grouting material which is self-dispersing when brought into contact with a volume of water containing liquor or slurry and is settable to a solid mass after such dispersion, the material being in the form of self-dispersing granules or pellets and comprising a blend of component (A): a cementive constituent forming from 10 per cent to 95 per cent by weight of the composition; component (B): a dispersing constituent forming from 2 per cent to 75 per cent by weight of the composition; optional component (C): a swelling constituent which forms from 0 per cent to 50 per cent by weight of the composition; and component (D): a binder constituent which forms from 0.1 per cent to 10 per cent by weight of the composition; the percentages of components A, B, C and D adding to 100 per cent.

Abstract: A cementitious mixture includes hydraulic cement, fly ash, and an effective amount of unfired nature finely divided material, such as a clay, containing at least about 35% alumina, to accelerate the early strength of a mix. A method of accelerating early strength in a cementitious mix comprises the adding of alumina in the form of an unfired raw material, such as clay, in an effective amount in such mix.