Abstract: Hazardous waste is formed into non-hazardous non-leaching aggregate by introducing the material to a rotary kiln where the large solids are at least partially combusted to form a primary aggregate. Gaseous combustion by-products and waste fines from the waste materials are introduced into at least one oxidizer operating at a temperature in the range of from about 1800.degree. to 2500.degree. F. Under such conditions, some of the waste fines are melted to form a slag-like material that is cooled to form the non-hazardous aggregate. The portion of the material in the oxidizer that is not melted, is cooled, neutralized and subjected to a solid gas separation. The solid is reintroduced to the oxidizer with the primary aggregate where they are either melted or entrained within the molten material and become an integral part of the non-hazardous aggregate.

Abstract: A two zone pyrolysis unit having a first drying zone and a second pyrolysis zone is provided for detoxifying heavy metals contained in sludges, soils and similar materials. A condenser and an afterburner are in flow communication with the first and second zones respectively.

Abstract: Method and apparatus is disclosed for thermally decomposing waste material from several batch furnaces plumbed into one afterburner. The afterburner is modified to mix and combust in a controlled manner an otherwise explosive mixture of fumes from several furnaces. The entire system is regulated only by the temperature of incinerated gases from the afterburner. The furnaces are operated in a sequenced, overlapping staged manner to produce a generally constant fume loading permitting significant cost savings in equipment and operation.

Abstract: A filter apparatus for use with smokestacks, comprising: a smoke collector mounted opposite and spaced from the chimney outlet to collect the smoke emitted from the chimney. A turbine draws the smoke from the collector and feeds it to a circuit where the smoke is first washed by water jets, then by steam jets then again by water jets and is then filtered in an electrostatic filter. If the gases contain living microorganisms, these are killed in a burner. If the gases are not clean enough, they can be recirculated. If the apparatus fails, the gases are safely discharged by the chimney.

Abstract: An installation for the low temperature carbonization of waste under the exclusion of air with a low temperature carbonization cylinder, in particular device for after-burning of residual materials for the low-temperature carbonization installation, has an improved energy balance by carrying out a low-temperature carbonization so as to increase the ratio of internal energy requirement to energy release in favor of energy release. The carbon containing residual materials from the low-temperature carbonization cylinder are exposed to a complete after-burning on an inclined step grate and also a subsequent after-burning in a chamber. The burning gases for the burning devices of the step-grate are low temperature carbonization gasses obtained from the low-temperature carbonization installation. Gases from a waste heat boiler arranged after the after-burn chamber are utilized as heating gases for a low-temperature carbonization installation cylinder.

Abstract: A temperature-controlled exhaust particulate collection system used with a high temperature material processing facility has a serial arrangement of devices in the form of a spray cooler, spark arrester and dust collector which receive the particulate-laden exhaust gas flow from the facility and operate to separate and collect the particulates from the gas flow before venting to atmosphere. The collection system also has control devices in the form of temperature sensors or thermocouples, valves and dampers whose respective functions are to monitor and control operations of the collection system. The thermocouples sense temperatures at strategically located points in the exhaust gas flow, and the valves and dampers regulate operation of the facility and the spray cooler, spark arrester and dust collector in response to the temperatures sensed by the thermocouples to maintain the temperatures at or below predetermined limits and to protect the latter from temperature-induced damage.

Abstract: The high efficiency solid fuel combustion apparatus comprises a thermally insulated wall structure defining an upwardly open primary combustion chamber, a solid fuel support disposed within the primary combustion chamber, and a secondary combustion air supply device mounted on top of the primary combustion chamber. The secondary air supply device comprises a frusto-conical shell open at both axial ends and oriented with its larger axial end opening to the primary combustion chamber. The shell has spaced inner and outer walls defining a frusto-conical air space there between, with the inner and outer walls being circumferentially sealed to one another and the inner wall being perforated for expelling secondary combustion air into the pyrolytic gasses generated by the burning fuel in the primary combustion chamber.

Abstract: To provide for energy-efficient non-polluting heat treatment of workpieces (W) which, during heat treatment, emit oxidizable or combustible substances, hot gases are generated in a hot gas generating chamber (2) by a jet burner (5) emitting a flame jet. The hot gas generating chamber (2) is connected through a hot gas outlet (7) with a processing chamber retaining the workpieces, and a recirculating inlet (8) to receive the gases from the processing chamber, after they have been contaminated or received polluting combustible components. The hot gas generating chamber is, additionally, in communication through a duct or gap (4) with an after-burner chamber (3).

Abstract: Presented is a method and apparatus for incorporating an incandescent filter for products of combustion in the combustion chamber of a furnace including a grate and an exit slot for products of combustion located above the level of the grate. Incandescent coals from the fuel being burned obstruct the exit slot, and products of combustion must pass through the incandescent coals. In one aspect, water tubes line the walls of the combustion chamber, primary combustion air is admitted between the tubes, and the admission of secondary air is controlled to maintain an incandescent bed of coals through which products of combustion must be drawn to exit the furnace. In another aspect, a reciprocating grate is provided, and primary combustion air penetrates the bed of fuel from below. Products of combustion pass back through a portion of the burning fuel maintained at incandescence by the admission of secondary air upwardly through the reciprocating grate.

Abstract: A wood burning stove incorporates a catalytic cell for reducing exhaust emissions from the stove. A pair of heat shields are spaced from opposing surfaces of a combustor to exchange thermal radiation with the combustor. The combustor is oriented at an acute angle to enhance the combustor life. One of the heat shields also functions as a deflector for deflecting exhaust toward the combustor. A secondary air unit supplies secondary air to the vicinity of the combustor. A dynamic grate assembly is employed to prevent under firing of the firebox.

Abstract: The invention relates to an afterburner apparatus and an incineration system and methods of waste destruction in primary incineration combustion means and afterburner means which both preferably utilize at least two different oxidizing gases. By varying the ratio of said oxidizing gases, the amount of total oxygen and nitrogen delivered in either means can be dynamically adjusted in accordance with the process requirements. Varying the flows of at least two oxydizing gases and auxiliary fuel in both the primary incinerator and afterburner makes it possible to operate the system under fluctuating waste loading conditions, by controlling temperature, partial pressure of oxygen and heat available for the process as a function of said ratio.

Abstract: An improvement in a woodburning stove of the type including an exhaust flue opening; a combustion chamber for primary combustion, having an access door, a support for wood to be burned and a primary air inlet means for supplying primary air to support primary combustion of the wood to produce flue gases containing combustible particulate material; conduit means for directing the flue gases from the combustion chamber to the flue opening in a preselected path; and, secondary combustion means for burning the particulate material in the flue gases before the flue gases pass through the exhaust flue opening.

Abstract: A wood burning air augmented stove for reclaiming heat from the discharge gases employing a plurality of spaced catalytic combustors, one combustor being detachably mounted on the edge of a smoke baffle, and another combustor being positioned in a portion of the chimney flue which may be selectively moved from a gas intercepting position to a gas bypassing position. The catalytic combustors are so arranged that if one combustor is overheated, the second combustor will provide the additional gas heating and cleansing function needed. These combustors act in series to magnify temperature and heat increases.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method and apparatus for the extraction of heat and smoke from a fuel burn in a firebox. The design is for the firebox exhaust area to be wrapped with its own hot exhaust gases, for smoke extraction, and then, for heat extraction, have all of the outer surface of a stove, fireplace or furnace exposed to said hot exhaust gases. Such a wrap-aroung design burns smoke from said exhaust gases, holds a high temperature in the firebox area, for good combustion, and increases the efficiency of heat extraction by using all of the outer surface of the stove, fireplace or furnace as a high temperature heat exchanger.

Abstract: A catalytic combustor wood stove is presented having a combustor ignitor plate which promotes turbulence and mixing of combustion gases with air from a distributed primary air supply to deliver thoroughly mixed gas to the catalytic combustor to light off the combustor at low firebox temperature (in the range of 400.degree. to 500.degree. F.) but operate the combustor at high temperature on the order of 1000.degree. F. to 1200.degree. F. or higher.

Abstract: A combustion apparatus is provided, preferably of the thermal heat regeneration type, in which noxious or other gases are passed to an incineration chamber, to be burned at a sufficiently high temperature that they are disposed of. An auxiliary burning unit is provided, for handling liquid substances, such as fuels, that may be hazardous liquid wastes, such as toxic liquid wastes and the like that are combustible. These liquid wastes may be burned in the auxiliary unit, by exposure to a sufficiently high temperature for a sufficiently long time that they are rendered substantially pure, and they may then enter as gases into the gas incineration apparatus. The liquid substances being burned in the auxiliary unit preferably are brought to a high temperature by passing through an elongate portion of the unit, and then traveling in a reverse flow direction, back over a common wall that has been preheated by liquid being burned in the unit, for efficient heat utilization.

Abstract: This invention relates to a regenerating, hazardous waste gas fume and odor incinerator. The incinerator comprises a combustion chamber (12) and at least three heat exchanger regenerator beds (26, 28, 30) through which the waste gases pass selectively for preheating on their way to the combustion chamber and the processed, heated gases are passed through for cooling before exhausted. All three regenerator beds are cycled from a cooling position in which they absorb heat from the previously processed gases to a second position where they preheat waste gases en route to the combustion chamber to an inactive position where they do not receive gases either from the waste supply or from the combustion chamber. The waste gases, after being preheated, are directed to the combustion chamber through a plenum chamber (14) in which is located a combustion burner (16). The preheated waste gases are directed through the flame of the burner into the combustion chamber for ignition and for combustion therein.

Abstract: In a chemical process plant or the like, of the type having a gas turbine driven compressor and a fired heater for heating the process medium, and of the type which hitherto used the exhaust (GTE) of one or more gas turbines as an oxidizing medium input for oxidizing the fuel in the radiant section of the fired heater, the GTE is instead now diverted from the radiant section to a heat exchanger and air at substantially atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature is forced through the heat exchanger by a fan so as to be heated by the heat energy derived from the GTE and is then fed to the said oxidizing medium input of the heater radiant section. The GTE which has passed through the heat exchanger is exhausted to atmosphere.

Abstract: An incineration apparatus is provided, preferably of the thermal heat regeneration type, in which noxious or other gases are passed to an incineration chamber, to be burnt at a sufficiently high temperature that they are disposed of, and in doing so, pass through heat-exchange beds of elements such as stones or the like, whereby the direction of gas flow may optionally be reversed. The stoneware beds reside in recovery chambers adjacent but contiguous with the combustion chamber, separated therefrom by built-up refractory blockwalls. The walls are of arcuate configuration and support the heat-retention elements in the recovery chambers. The walls are generally the thickness of a single refractory block, and are of a radius that is less than any radius of the combustion chamber and are of a sufficient radius such that the forces of the stone or other heat-retention elements outside the walls may be resisted to prevent wall collapse.

Abstract: A fume incineration system for an industrial process site such as a paint-drying oven (10) producing a combustible effluent. A first duct system (34, 38, 42) conveys effluent to the incinerator (14). A second duct system (44, 48) conveys incinerated effluent back to the site. A third duct system (52, 56) conveys part of the incinerated effluent to an atmospheric vent (57). Control dampers (50, 74) in the duct systems operate sequentially to handle temperature changes, and control damper (84) controls system air flow balance. All ducts and thermal devices except the incinerator are located in an insulated housing (12). A thermal incinerator (14) having an internal preheater comprising an annular tube bundle is disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus for combusting wet waste or the like comprising ignition means including an ignition chamber having an inlet passageway extending therefrom for introducing the waste, an ignition burner for heating the waste to form non-combustible solids and at least partially combustible flue gases, a first outlet for the flue gases in the wall of the inlet passageway, and a second outlet for the solids; combustion means for substantially combusting the flue gases including a combustion passageway wrapped around the inlet passageway from the ignition chamber first outlet to a combustion chamber, and a combustion burner in the combustion passageway adjacent to the first outlet for aspirating and heating the flue gases; heat recuperating means for transferring heat from the substantially combusted flue gases to preheat an oxygen-containing gas; and passageway means for transferring the pre-heated oxygen-containing gas from the recuperator to the ignition burner and the combustion burner.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of treating oil field wastes and particularly spent drilling fluids which contain barite and hydrocarbons which includes placing the drilling fluids into the upper end of a downwardly directed rotating kiln. Fuel and pressurized air are inserted into a furnace connected to the upper end of the kiln for supplying a fire to the drilling fluids in the kiln for igniting and burning the hydrocarbons in the drilling fluids as fuel until the drilling fluid is dry. Entrained particulates in the gas stream leaving the kiln are separated in a cyclone separator. The gases leaving the cyclone separator are passed through a secondary combustion unit to assure complete combustion of pyrolized carbonaceous residuals in the gas stream. The gases are then cooled in a heat exchanger and sent to a hydrosonic scrubber which removes the remaining particulates as well as oxides of sulfur.

Abstract: An incinerator comprises a combustion chamber 1 having a hearth comprising a grid 2, a vibrator 17 for vibrating the grid, and ash removal means 9, 18 for collecting ash that falls through the grid. The grid normally consists of a series of parallel bars and, when the hearth is elongated, these bars normally extend along the length of the hearth. The ash removal means comprises an inclined trough 9 and a hopper 18. Ash may be removed as a slurry. The incinerator comprises a sub-stoichiometric chamber to which is supplied insufficient oxygen for complete combustion Vibration of the grid allows ash to fall through the hearth and to be collected in the trough without ash causing abrasion to the incinerator components to improve the rate of burning. A preferred sub-stoichiometric chamber is separated from an ignition zone for a secondary chamber by a partition that defines a jacket around the zone, whereby improved heat exchange and compactness is achieved.

Abstract: Apparatus for burning material such as fuel, waste material and the like, which when burned produces gases within which pollutants are entrained and for cleaning the gases. The apparatus comprises at least two combustion chambers, comprising an upper chamber and a lower chamber, the chambers being in vertical and lateral stepped adjacency; the lower chamber comprising a grate upon which material is to be burned disposed at a predetermined level; the upper chamber comprising a grate upon which material is to be burned, disposed at a level above the lower chamber grate.

Abstract: A solid fuel burner 1 has a first chamber 2 for receiving a combustible fuel to be gasified and a substantially conical upwardly directed extraction zone connecting a bottom portion of the primary chamber 2 with a secondary chamber 8 through the apex region 42. The combustible fuel presents a relatively large surface area G into the extraction zone F and relatively low velocity gases can leave the primary combustion chamber 2 to maximize the extraction of gaseous fuel from the fuel while leaving fuel and other particulate material behind. The substantially conical shape of the extraction zone F which provides a convergent gas flow path does however enable a sufficiently high velocity or the hot gas entering into the secondary chamber 8. A transverse entry of cold air H by means of a tuyere assembly 46 is provided at the apex region 42. The high density of the cold air and its transverse flow ensures a good mixing of the cold air with the hot gas before its entry into the secondary chamber 8.

Abstract: An incinerator, or furnace, receives low-level radiation waste from a nuclear installation in varying volumes and calorific values. A supplemental, conventional fuel is concomitantly supplied under the control of the exhaust temperature of the products of combustion. The low-level radiation waste and supplemental fuel are mixed with combustion air in a first stage where combustion is initiated, the products of combustion being flowed downward into a second stage where the combustion is complete prior to exhaust.

Abstract: A refractory wall for a combustion chamber comprising a plurality of wall portions which include refractory blocks having generally horizontal, front-to-back passageways interspersed with a plurality of portions which include unperforated refractory blocks. Outwardly of each perforated block portion a heat-exchange section is located with the perforated block portion serving to retain heat-exchange elements in that section and to resist their considerable lateral thrust. At the same time the perforated portions are integrated with the non-perforated portions to form a continuous circular wall of superior strength and resistance to elevated temperatures as well as to chemical attack.

Abstract: A high temperature furnace including a furnace chamber maintained at an internal temperature above the ignition temperature of a gas mixture used for the growth of oxide layers on silicon substrates therein. A separate burn chamber is used to mix and burn the gas mixture. A tube conveys the mixture into the furnace chamber so that ignition of the gas mixture in the furnace chamber creates a flame front that travels back along the tube to the burn chamber to sustain ignition therein.

Abstract: A stove to burn solid fuels, said stove comprising a combustion chamber with a front (13) with a fuel charging aperture (14) therein and a door (3) with a transparent viewing panel (33) therein mounted over the aperture (14), a baffle (15) dividing the interior of the combustion chamber into a primary combustion zone (A) and a secondary combustion zone (B), a closeable port (16) in the baffle (15) connecting the primary and secondary combustion zones, a combustion gas discharge port (17) to atmosphere from the secondary combustion zone, a gas screen (24) in the gas path between the primary and secondary combustion zones, the gas screen being constructed from materials that will glow at a temperature below the ignition temperature of combustion gases, primary and secondary combustion air inlets (22 and 30) discharging into the combustion zone adjacent a top edge of the door panel (33) and the gas screen (24) respectively, manually resettable temperature actuated flow control means (34) regulating the amount of

Abstract: A regenerative system for purifying mixtures of air and impurities by a combination process. The system includes a plurality of fixed bed regenerative heat exchangers connected to a common combustion chamber. Each of the heat exchangers includes means for diverting selected portions of the gases flowing therethrough out of heat exchange relationship with the heat exchange packing or bed therein. This permits the system to operate with incoming air-impurities mixtures containing high levels of combustibles without generating undesirably high temperatures or changing the mass flow rate through the system.

Abstract: Solid fuel heating appliance having high thermal efficiency and low levels of polluting emissions. The heating appliance includes an insulated secondary combustion chamber where a mixture of exhaust gases from the primary combustion chamber and secondary air is burned. A catalytic igniter is provided in the secondary combustion chamber to lower the ignition temperature of the unburned volatile gases from the primary combustion chamber. Regenerative feedback structure is provided in heat exchange relationship with the exhaust from the secondary combustion chamber to preheat the mixture entering the secondary combustion chamber, catalytic igniter, and the regenerative heat transfer assure substantially continuous combustion within the secondary combustion chamber even when conditions in the primary combustion chamber change.

Abstract: This invention is a non-fossil fuel fired hot water system which allows a large amount of water or other liquid to be raised to a relatively high temperature, but below the boiling point, in a relatively short period of time. Due to a unique air circulation system, extremely high temperatures of the combustible material can be obtained with secondary burning eliminating all visible particulate material from the exhaust stack of the system. The unique firebox itself is disposed such that it is surrounded by water on all sides including the access closures for said firebox.

Abstract: The cremator disclosed is of the kind in which reduction burning takes place in a coffin chamber, followed by oxidation burning in an afterburner chamber. It is also of the kind in which partly cremated embers can be moved to an ember-reducing location to make room for another coffin to be admitted to the coffin chamber. The disclosure shows the ash removal port in the side of the cremator, which allows the afterburner chamber to occupy space behind and underneath the coffin chamber; an arrangement which makes for a very compact, fuel efficient, easy-to-construct unit. The hearth includes an ash-trough for ember reduction. The hearth can be thin because it is supported on the central wall that divides the ducts of the afterburner chamber, which makes for good heat transfer, and quick warm-up.

Abstract: A particle fuel burning furnace has an upper combustion chamber holding a pile of particle fuel and burning the same from the bottom. The furnace includes a lower combustion chamber for afterburning combustible gases off by burning solid fuel in the upper chamber and replaceable refractory bricks containing a series of spaced vertically-extending passageways interconnecting the bottom of the upper chamber and the top of the lower chambers for communicating combustible gases from the upper to the lower chamber. An improved particle fuel diversion structure in the furnace includes an elongated fuel diverter block having a recessed dome-shaped cavity therein and open at a bottom side and spacer blocks disposing the diverter block in the upper chamber in spaced relationship above the bottom of the upper chamber and with its recessed cavity overlying the bricks containing the passageways. Furthermore, the bricks extend above the bottom of the upper chamber and into the recessed cavity of the diverter block.

Abstract: Exterior retrofit system for attachment to wood or coal-burning stoves including a secondary combustion chamber and a catalytic igniter. The secondary combustion chamber is lined with refractory material and is arranged to preheat flue gases emanating from the woodburning apparatus before ignition at the catalytic igniter. The refractory walls have an undulating structure to increase mixing and residence times for more complete burning. Provisions are made for introducing additional combustion air into the secondary combustion chamber. Combustion performance is improved resulting in reduction of cresote deposits and particulate emissions and reduction in the amount of fuel consumed for a given heat output. The retrofit unit is self-contained and requires no permanent or complicated modification to the stove. This system also has application for use on the interior of a stove, both as a retrofit and as the basis for a specifically designed stove.

Abstract: A combustion system for domestic or small industrial heating needs, utilizing biomass fuels such as wood and brush chips, sawdust, logs, nut hulls, peat, leaves and other organic waste products of forestry, agriculture and industry with essentially smokeless, clean exhaust. By preheating the combustion air, insulating the combustion process and carefully controlling the fuel to air proportions and mixing parameters, essentially complete combustion with very little excess air at high temperatures is achieved even with fuels containing over half their weight in water. This water is then condensed out of the exhaust gases in uniquely designed air and water counterflow heat exchangers that can capture over 90% of the high heat value of the fuel. This invention is capable of maintaining clean combustion at high temperatures with little excess air, at burn rates much lower than the best popular "air-tight" woodstoves and is capable of higher heat outputs than most domestic heat plants.

Abstract: A combustor unit for a woodburning stove comprises a generally T-shaped flue assembly interiorly receiving a combustor having a catalyst to facilitate combustion of exhaust gases. The combustor is pivotal between a combustion position wherein the combustor is positioned across an exhaust passageway to an open position wherein the combustor is substantially removed from the exhaust gas stream and positioned within an access passageway.

Abstract: Treating and reducing solvent emissions from a gaseous stream, containing volatile organic compounds, discharged from a paint spray booth, resulting in the generation of heat which is used as for heat treating and drying the protective coatings. The apparatus employs a pressurization chamber in which the pollutant laden gaseous stream is pressurized, and raised in temperature as it is controllably flowed past a burner, combusting the volatilized organic substances therein.

Abstract: A boiler comprising a fluidized bed combustion chamber which communicates with an exchange enclosure containing water tubes heated by the combustion tubes and within which is arranged an exchange and dust removal chamber equipped with water tubes and containing a vertical internal partition dividing it into two half chambers communicating with one another. One of these half chambers communicates with the upstream part of the enclosure through an inlet orifice situated at the top part and constrains the fumes to follow a descending path along the partition, while the other communicates with the downstream part of the enclosure through an outlet orifice situated at the top part and constrains the fumes to follow an ascending path.

Abstract: A particle fuel burning furnace has an upper combustion chamber for holding a pile of particle fuel and burning the same from the bottom thereof. The furnace also includes a lower combustion chamber for afterburning combustible gases given off by the burning of solid fuel in the upper chamber and a series of spaced apart vertically-extending passageways arranged in a row and interconnecting the upper and lower chambers for communicating the combustible gases from the upper to the lower chamber. A first improved feature relates to a particle fuel delivery control device which operates an auger for filling the upper chamber with particle fuel to a desired level. A beam of light is transmitted and reflected between a photoelectric cell and reflector respectively of the device. When the particle fuel pile has grown in height during filling to the desired level the light beam is interrupted and filling is terminated.

Abstract: A method of incinerating in a main combustion chamber leading directly to two consecutive reburn stages. The main combustion chamber accepts bulk refuse onto a hearth floor. In the first reburn tunnel, a burner maintains the temperature of the gases above a predetermined set point. Above that set point, the burner assumes a low setting. Below it, a high setting increases the heat produced. Alternatively, the gas may go to its high setting below a first set point; to its low setting above a second set point; and proportionate at temperatures between them. This chamber also receives outside air to assist in the actual combustion process. From the first reburn chamber, the gases go to a second reburn chamber to complete the combustion. There, they receive additional oxygen for this purpose. At temperatures above a set point determined near the third chamber, additional air enters to prevent excessive temperatures. Fume burning of hydrocarbon containing gases may also take place in the double reburn tunnel.

Abstract: The incinerator is made up of an inner housing located within an outer housing and which have spaced apart walls forming an interior space therebetween. The inner and outer housings have aligned upper openings with insulated closure members. A central chamber extends from the upper opening of the inner housing to a lower position for receiving material to be burned. An upper chamber holding a heat activated odor reducing catalyst surrounds the upper portion of the central chamber. A gas collection chamber surrounds the upper chamber and an exhaust blower is provided for drawing gas from the central chamber to the interior space by way of the heat activated odor reducing catalyst and the collection chamber. A heater is provided for preheating the heat activated odor reducing catalyst. A second exhaust blower is provided for drawing gas from the interior space to the atmosphere. A main heater is located within the lower portion of the central chamber for burning the material deposited therein.

Abstract: A dual stage combustion furnace has primary and secondary combustion chambers. The primary combustion chamber contains a solid fuel, such as wood or coal. The secondary combustion chamber is formed adjacent to and in communication with the primary combustion chamber for containing and igniting volatile combustion gases produced in the primary chamber. A plurality of hollow members, which provide a grate, extend through the primary chamber, and into the secondary chamber. Volatile gases given off in the primary combustion chamber are then ignited and burned in the secondary combustion chamber upon combination with heated air passing through the hollow grate members.

Abstract: A method of afterburning flue gases comprises passing impure gases from, for example, an incineration plant such as a destructor, process furnace, crematory furnace or heating boiler, through a burner in an afterburner where through enforced mixture with combustion gas they undergo complete combustion. The combustion gas, depending on the composition of the flue gases, may comprise air or oxygen or either mixed with petroleum gas. In apparatus for implementation of the method, the flue gases and the combustion gas are introduced into a burner which blows the gas mixture into a flame bowl where temperatures in the range of from 1,500.degree.-2,000.degree. C. can be achieved. In one embodiment, the burner produces a conical basket-shaped flame in which the flue gases undergo complete combustion.

Abstract: A solid fuel heating appliance in the form of a wood burning stove employs a combustor for oxidizing oxidizable species in the exhaust. A flame break is provided between the combustor and the combustion chamber of the stove to avoid impingement of flames on the combustor.

Abstract: Known vortex bed furnaces have a relatively high structural volume in relation to the firing performance. In addition, special devices are necessary for supplying the vortex bed with fuel and with sulphur-absorbing additives. Without subdividing the bed, a partial load can only be achieved with a vortex bed furnace which differs from the full load by only a small percentage. In order to solve these problems, it is proposed according to the invention that the fuel for the vortex bed should be blown with air via at least one dust burner, unsifted, into the combustion chamber, whereby the fine portion of the fuel conducted in is burnt in the dust flame and the coarse portion drops from the dust flame into the vortex bed. The dust burner serves on the one hand to load the vortex bed and on the other hand to increase the relative firing performance, and can be used to improve the suitability for partial load.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the incinerator has three or more aligned stationary, vertical adjacent structures, each of which has a heat-exchange section covered partially by respective plates which are so arranged as to provide between adjacent ones of the sections substantially uniform gas flow paths via a common combustion chamber disposed above all of the sections. In another embodiment, generally cylindrical vertical and aligned sections are provided, each having a heat-exchange bed supported on a perforated member. The level of the heat-exchange elements in each section is kept very low. The tops of the three sections communicate with one another via a generally horizontal, combustion passageway formed between them into which at least one burner is placed.

Abstract: Apparatus for burning material and utilizing the heat of burning has a primary combustion chamber with an upper portion vented to the atmosphere, the material being fed into the primary combustion chamber. A secondary combustion chamber is in communication with a lower portion of the primary combustion chamber, and air is supplied into the secondary combustion chamber. A fan draws air from the atmosphere into the upper portion of the primary combustion chamber and draws combustion gases downwardly through burning waste material in the primary combustion chamber to cause further combustion of the combustion gases in the secondary combustion chamber. Combustion gases from the primary combustion chamber are vented to the atmosphere from the upper portion of the primary combustion chamber when the fan is not operating.

Abstract: A solid fuel furnace which includes a housing enclosing a firebox and a heat exchanger chamber. An open grate in the firebox supports solid fuel thereon. Combustion air is admitted to the area below the grate and is preheated and passes upwardly through the grate and fuel and mixes with volatile gases released from the fuel. The air/gas mixture is drawn downwardly through the fuel and exits the firebox through an inlet to an insulated burn-out chamber which is behind the firebox. A metal screen covers the inlet and serves to ignite the air/gas mixture. Hot flue gases exit the burn-out chamber to the heat exchanger chamber.

Abstract: A vertical incinerator has three or more adjacent, stationary, heat-exchange sections which communicate, via respective plenums, with a common high-temperature combustion chamber positioned above them. Inlet and outlet valving to each heat-exchange section is provided and operated so that when effluent from an industrial process is fed upwardly through one of the sections to the combustion chamber, at least one other section is operating in an exhaust mode to withdraw the products of combustion downward through it thereby recapturing some of the generating heat.In order to prevent upwardly moving effluent from substantially short-circuiting the combustion chamber, each section is provided with a cover having an aperture which produces a jet effect. Thus, the relatively low velocity effluent stream from the industrial process applied through the aperture in the cover of the first section has its velocity increased, for example, 3-5 times as it enters the combustion chamber.