Abstract: Apparatus (2) for the pyrolysis of material, which apparatus (2) comprises a pyrolysis chamber (4), an inlet (6) at a first end (8) of the pyrolysis chamber (4), an outlet (10) at a second end (12) of the pyrolisis chamber (4), and feed means (14) for feeding the material through the pyrolysis chamber (4), the feed means (14) comprising a cranked member (16), at least one elongate member (18) which extends along the pyrolysis chamber (4) between the inlet (6) and the outlet (10) and which has a first end (20) adjacet the (6) inlet and a second end (22) adjacent the outlet (10), a feed formation connected to the first end (20) of the elongate member (18), and connector means (24) which connects the send end (22) of the elongate member (18) to the cranked member (16), and the feed means (14) being such that rotation of the cranked member (16) causes the elongate member (18) to move backwards and forwards and the feed formation to move the material from the inlet (6) towards the outlet (10).

Abstract: The inventive subject matter is directed toward a pyrolytic waste treatment system having multiple pyrolysis chambers. It is contemplated that the system is adapted to heat at least one pyrolysis chamber independently of at least one other pyrolysis chamber.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of converting waste materials into combustible vapor and char utilizing an energy efficient pyrolytic processing oven that eliminates the complex mechanisms usually associated with these systems for heating and transporting the waste material through the oven. The oven of this system has a unique configuration that permits the pyrolized material to free fall through the unit.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of organic matter, comprises the steps of preliminary microwave irradiation in an oxygen-depleted atmosphere to give a black ash-like residue, followed by combustion of the residue to give a white ash. Hence the emissions of carcinogens such as dioxins are substantially reduced as are heavy metals such as Mercury and Cadimum. The apparatus (11) comprises a single chamber (12) in which both steps of the process are performed. The apparatus (11) also comprises means for generating nitrogen- or oxygen-depleted air as well as scrubbers (2), filters, condensers and the like for treating the gaseous products (carbon dioxide and steam) of the process. The apparatus (11) may be of a portable and modular nature—and may optionally include a cremulator.

Abstract: Method of treatment of domestic waste. A reaction space is provided, into which the waste to be treated is fed at a controlled rate. The waste is concurrently compacted to form a stopper preventing leakage of gases from the reaction space. An oxygen-containing gas is fed to the reaction space, in order to affect the combustion of the waste and produce gases and solid material. The gas is filtered through the solid material, causing the gases to react with the solid material, whereby to produce fuel gases and ash.

Abstract: The invention relates to an industrial and/or household waste treatment method and to an industrial and/or household waste treatment installation (1). According to the invention, the method is characterised in that it consists of, in particular, the loading of the waste into numerous pierced containers (20), thermolysis of the waste in the containers (20) being conveyed into a pyrolysis oven (12); emptying of the containers (20) into a separation tank (18) in order to separate the products formed by the thermolysis; and treatment of the separated products.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for carbonizing large pieces of solid fuels, preferably bio fuels and is particularly suitable for gasifying large bales of grain straw and hay, which have not been comminuted. It is an object of the invention to provide a device and a method, with which whole bales and other large pieces of gasifiable material can be broken down under controlled conditions with little thermal energy.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for coal pyrolysis pretreatment. The apparatus is made up of a pretreatment vessel for holding a bed of coal particles, a preheater for heating the bed of coal particles to a temperature below the coal pyrolysis temperature range and an oxygen remover for removing oxygen released from the heated coal particles. The apparatus can also have a flue gas source as an oxygen removal sweep gas to the bed of coal, a collector for collecting non-condensable combustible gases, and the preheater having a furnace holding ceramic balls which are circulated from the furnace to the bed of coal particles. The process involves heating the bed of coal particles to a temperature below the coal pyrolysis temperature range and preventing air from contacting the bed of coal particles in addition to collecting non-condensable combustible gases or the preheating step accomplished by having a furnace holding ceramic balls which are circulated from the furnace to the bed of coal particles.

Abstract: A corn-burning stove provides cooling for the corn in-feed auger and other adjacent components by combustion inlet air flow patterns. The inlet air flow transports pellet fuel through a distance within the fire pot which varies responsive to the flow rate of the inlet air flow. A fire pot and agitator ensure, in combination with the inlet air flow, complete burning of the corn, with almost no ash production and while avoiding the formation of clinkers. The agitator is toothed, having teeth closely adjacent the burn pot for moving burning corn kernels or solid pellets across the fire pot. Retractable ignitors have handles and furnace function interlocks. A process control is associated with the corn burner that includes some logic, including interlock, power control, speed controls, sensing inputs/devices, and user interface.

Abstract: The inventive subject matter is directed toward a pyrolytic waste treatment system having a pyrolysis chamber supported in a manner that causes minimal movement or flexing of the chamber as the temperature of the chamber changes. Preferred solutions utilize support structures made from materials having low coefficients of thermal expansion, and structures adapted to allow chambers to expand and contract with temperature changes.

Abstract: A process and gas generator is disclosed for generating by dry distillation of solids and gasification of solids, a fuel gas substantially free of condensable dry distillation volatiles which would interfere with the intended use of the gas, e.g. for powering an internal combustion engine. To achieve this, solids beds in distinct dry distillation and gasification zones are maintained under conditions favouring thermal cracking of condensable (tar) volatiles in the hot regions of both zones. For optimal control of these conditions these zones are physically separated by internals within a single reactor vessel and optionally by performing part of the dry distillation (pyrolysis) in a separate reactor vessel, in which case pyrolysis volatiles are fed in counter-current to the dry distillation bed, withdrawn from the top thereof and fed into and through the embers bed of the gasification zone.

Abstract: A gasification system that includes a gasification reactor chamber having perforated conduits or an inner lining that increases the exposed surface area of waste materials to gasification conditions, thereby decreasing gasification temperature, time, and cooling period between subsequent gasification procedures. After an aspirator withdraws and oxidizes fuel gas from the gasification reactor chamber, a flare assembly combusts the mixed fuel gas to provide power or heat to at least one heat recovery device. The at least one heat recovery device recaptures thermal energy entrained in the exhaust, thereby reducing exhaust temperature and eliminating the need for an exhaust stack. An absorber purifies the exhaust and an extractor removes carbon dioxide. A portion of the removed carbon dioxide may be used for industrial purposes or for supporting vegetation. At least a portion of the remaining exhaust is returned to the gasification reactor chamber as recycled process gas, thereby completing a closed-loop system.

Abstract: The plant for the thermal treatment of material, in particular scrap material, comprises at least a reaction zone within a rotary kiln having the longitudinal axis inclined of an angle in the range 0°±45° with regard to an horizontal plane and provided of first heating means and of at least a rotary screw having second heating means. The screw shaft is hollow and has, at least locally, apertures allowing the flow of gas from and/or into the reaction zone, a plurality of thermally conductive particles being movable within the reaction zone.

Abstract: A drum transport device is disclosed which includes a plate, a first and a second pair of connected and vertically spaced horizontal bars a pair on opposite sides of the row of drums. Each bar has an end which is connected to the plate. The device includes middle horizontal bars, a first between the first pair of horizontal bars and a second between the second pair. The middle horizontal bars move in unison with one another and to move relative to the first and second pair bars. The device also includes a plurality of vertically oriented hinge doors, pivotably connected to the horizontal bars. Tie rods are pivotably connected to both the hinge doors and a corresponding middle horizontal bar, such that when a middle bar is moved relative the pairs of horizontal bars, the hinge doors swing to a position substantially parallel to or substantially parallel to the bars.

Abstract: A thermal decomposition system is disclosed which can decompose wastes thermally in a continuous manner and which is therefore superior in its working efficiency. In the thermal decomposition system, wherein wastes to be treated are charged into a crucible and the crucible is heated while holding the interior thereof in vacuum to decompose the wastes thermally, both ends of a rotary furnace are supported rotatably by a frame, and drive units for rotating the rotary furnace are provided. The crucible, which is cylindrical, is installed in a central axis direction of the rotary furnace and a spiral groove is formed axially in an inner wall of the crucible. A heating device for heating the interior of the crucible is installed within the rotary furnace. Both opening ends of the crucible are connected to a feed box and a discharge box, respectively, which are supported by the frame.

Abstract: A gasification system for producing useful energy from a source of biomass material includes a gasifier for partially combusting biomass material into gaseous fuel, a contained fuel preparation site for preparing biomass material to be delivered to the gasifier, a boiler for combusting gaseous fuel from the gasifier to produce useful energy, and an air delivery system for directing combustion air to at least one of the gasifier and the boiler from the contained fuel preparation site. This arrangement recovers energy normally lost to atmosphere in the form of exhaust from biomass drying facilities. Drawing combustion air from the contained fuel preparation site also permits the fuel preparation site to be maintained at a negative pressure in relation to atmosphere, therefore any odour that is produced from the preparation of the biomass at the site is contained within the closed air delivery system and used for primary combustion at the gasifier or at the boiler.

Abstract: The invention provides processes and systems for generating heat from a carbon-containing material or converting a carbon-containing material to a combustible gaseous fuel, comprising (a) pyrolysing the material in a reactor to produce a carbon-enriched solid and a first gaseous product, (b) burning at least part of the first gaseous product and/or a second gaseous product obtained by reacting the carbon-enriched solid with water vapour to generate heat, and (c) returning combustion products from the burning step to the reactor and/or removing part of the first gaseous product and/or the second gaseous product as a combustible fuel.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the pyrolysis and gasification of waste materials, in particular of special and/or hazardous waste materials, comprising a gasification and melting step, a step of treatment of the mixture of the obtained gases, and a vitrification step, wherein said steps provide for the following passages: a) the material to be treated, at a temperature comprised between 1300 and 1500° C.

Abstract: A method for the processing of carbon-containing polymeric material, the method comprising the steps of: Introducing the carbon-containing polymeric material into the retort of a retort assembly which includes a retort disposed at least partially within the combustion chamber, the retort containing an inert heat-transfer medium and an agitation means, wherein the agitation means is adapted to agitate the inert heat transfer medium and the carbon containing polymeric material, the combustion chamber having heating means to indirectly heat the rotatable retort; Heating the carbon-containing polymeric material and the inert heat transfer medium to cause such to at least partially decompose; Discharging processed carbon-containing polymeric material from the retort.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for processing residual waste and other organically contaminated waste substances, and a residual waste processing plant, wherein a waste substance containing organic constituents is heated to the boiling temperature range of water in a reactor under vacuum, so that membranes of water-containing cell structures are destroyed, and the organically highly contaminated cell water may be discharged, together with the exhaust vapor.

Abstract: The method of carbonization of organic waste according to the present invention comprises the steps of supplying organic waste to a dryer, reducing an amount of water in the organic waste by heating with high-temperature gas, supplying the organic waste to a carbonization furnace for carbonizing the organic waste in a high-temperature ambience, removing carbide from the carbonization furnace, incinerating gas, which is generated in the carbonization furnace, in a re-incinerating furnace, and supplying combustion gas of the re-incinerating furnace to the dryer as the high-temperature gas.

Abstract: Systems and methods for pyrolyzing waste materials are described. The method utilizes waste heat from a cement kiln and the pyrolysis system includes at least a feed inerting section and a pyrolysis chamber. The method includes feeding drums of waste into the feed inerting section, replacing oxygen in the feed inerting section with carbon dioxide recovered from the cement kiln, and transporting the drums of waste through the pyrolysis chamber. The waste is pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis chamber with exhaust gasses from the cement kiln and a fuel gas created by the pyrolysis is routed to provide heat to the cement kiln.

Abstract: Method of treatment of domestic waste. A reaction space is provided, into which the waste to be treated is fed at a controlled rate. The waste is concurrently compacted to form a stopper preventing leakage of gases from the reaction space. An oxygen-containing gas is fed to the reaction space, in order to affect the combustion of the waste and produce gases and solid material. The gas is filtered through the solid material, causing the gases to react with the solid material, whereby to produce fuel gases and ash.

Abstract: A ring sealing arrangement for an indirectly heated rotary tubular kiln between a heating tunnel and a rotating tube (20) with several overlapping segments (10), forming a sealing ring, which are pressed by application pressure elements (30) radially against the rotating tube (20). The segments (10) are essentially made of a heat-resistant, light construction sealing material. The sealing ring consists of several flat band-like sections (32), which are connected with one another, especially by springs (34), and form a tightening ring.

Abstract: A process and gas generator is disclosed for generating by dry distillation of solids and gasification of solids, a fuel gas substantially free of condensable dry distillation volatiles which would interfere with the intended use of the gas, e.g. for powering an internal combustion engine. To achieve this, solids beds in distinct dry distillation and gasification zones are maintained under conditions favouring thermal cracking of condensable (tar) volatiles in the hot regions of both zones. For optimal control of these conditions these zones are physically separated by internals within a single reactor vessel and optionally by performing part of the dry distillation (pyrolysis) in a separate reactor vessel, in which case pyrolysis volatiles are fed in counter-current to the dry distillation bed, withdrawn from the top thereof and fed into and through the embers bed of the gasification zone.

Abstract: Waste material is incinerated to heat water to produce low-temperature steam (12). The steam is mixed with oxygen (14) to produce synthetic air. Methane (22) (first fuel) is burnt in the synthetic air to produce ultra-superheated steam at about 1600° C. Coal particles (24) are gasified in the ultra-superheated steam producing a second fuel, which is combusted in hot air. The products of combustion are expanded isothermally in a turbine (T1) to produce electricity (50). The hot waste gas from the turbine is used to heat air (52) isothermally compressed in a compressor (C1) in the presence of a water spray (56). The heated air supports the combustion of the gasified coal and the cooled waste product is employed for district heating purposes.

Abstract: A system and method are set for pyrolysis of waste feed material including a first retort segment disposed through a combustion chamber and a second retort segment disposed outside of the combustion chamber. The combustion chamber supplies the heat for pyrolysis to the material conveyed through the first retort segment, which pyrolysis is completed as it is conveyed through the second retort segment. A thermal oxidizer oxidizes off gases and a stack unit provides a draft to move the gases from pyrolysis from the retort segments and through the thermal oxidizer.

Abstract: A thermal decomposition system is disclosed which can decompose wastes thermally in a continuous manner and which is therefore superior in its working efficiency. In the thermal decomposition system, wherein wastes to be treated are charged into a crucible and the crucible is heated while holding the interior thereof in vacuum to decompose the wastes thermally, both ends of a rotary furnace are supported rotatably by a frame, and drive units for rotating the rotary furnace are provided. The crucible, which is cylindrical, is installed in a central axis direction of the rotary furnace and a spiral groove is formed axially in an inner wall of the crucible. A heating device for heating the interior of the crucible is installed within the rotary furnace. Both opening ends of the crucible are connected to a feed box and a discharge box, respectively, which are supported by the frame.

Abstract: A gasification system that includes a gasification reactor chamber having perforated conduits or an inner lining that increases the exposed surface area of waste materials to gasification conditions, thereby decreasing gasification temperature, time, and cooling period between subsequent gasification procedures. After an aspirator withdraws and oxidizes fuel gas from the reactor chamber, a flare assembly combusts the mixed fuel gas to provide power or heat to at least one heat recovery device. The at least one heat recovery device recaptures thermal energy entrained in the exhaust, thereby reducing exhaust temperature and eliminating the need for an exhaust stack. An absorber purifies the exhaust and an extractor removes carbon dioxide. A portion of the removed carbon dioxide may be used for industrial purposes or for supporting vegetation. At least a portion of the remaining exhaust is returned to the reactor chamber as recycled process gas, thereby completing a closed-loop system.

Abstract: The plant for the thermal treatment of material, in particular scrap material, comprises at least a reaction zone (10, 10a, 10b, 10c) within a rotary kiln (12) having the longitudinal axis inclined of an angle in the range 0°±45° with regard to an horizontal plane and provided of first heating means (14) and of at least a rotary screw (16) having second heating means (18). The screw shaft (20) is hollow and has, at least locally, apertures allowing the flow of gas from and/or into the reaction zone (10, 10a, 10b, 10c), a plurality of thermally conductive particles being movable within the reaction zone (10, 10a, 10b, 10c).

Abstract: The methods and systems of the present invention reduce NOx emissions in combustion systems, e.g., power plants, boilers, furnaces, incinerators, engines, and any combinations thereof. The inventive process decreases NOx emissions from stationary combustion sources and provides improved utilization of low-grade biomass and other waste fuels without slagging and fouling problems. The invention reduces NOx emissions while utilizing gasified fuels, including biomass and low-grade waste fuels, by gasifying solid fuels and injecting produced gas into a reburning zone of, for example, a boiler at relatively low temperatures and in relatively small amounts. By feeding the gas directly into a reburning zone, the need for gas cleaning is eliminated or substantially reduced as tars are burned in the flame and alkali species may be present at much lower levels than is the case with direct combustion applications.

Abstract: A reactor for gasifying and/or melting feed materials, the reactor including a charging section with a feed opening, through which the feed materials are charged to the reactor from above and a pyrolysis section which has an expanded cross section and is located below the charging section so that a discharge cone of the feed material can form. Gas supply devices, open into the pyrolysis section substantially at a level of the expanded cross section and through which hot gases can be fed to the discharge cone. A melting and superheating section is located below the pyrolysis section and has a narrowing cross section. Upper injection devices are arranged so that an energy-rich medium is supplyable to the melting and superheating section immediately below a level of the narrowing section. A reduction section is located below the melting and superheating section. The reduction section has gas exhaust devices through which excess gases are exhausted.

Abstract: A system for separating hydrocarbons from a material which includes a process chamber, a process pan operatively connected to the process chamber and removable therefrom, a blower operatively connected to the process chamber and to a heat source, the blower adapted to force heated air into the process chamber through the material disposed on the process pan, the forced heated air adapted to vaporize hydrocarbons and other contaminants disposed on the material, and at least one condenser operatively connected to the process chamber and adapted to condense the vaporized hydrocarbons and other contaminants is disclosed. Further, a method for separating hydrocarbons from a material which includes passing a stream of heated air over the material to volatilize the hydrocarbons, passing the stream of heated air containing the hydrocarbons through at least one condenser to form liquid hydrocarbons, collecting the liquid hydrocarbons, and recirculating the heated air is disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is a rubber tire recycling process that does not require the inefficient procedure of cutting and shredding the rubber tires. The entire rubber tire enters the recycling process without ever being cut thereby maintains the integrity of the steel wires within the steel belted rubber tires. The present invention allows virtually every component of the rubber tire to be recycled and results in high quality recycled end products that include, among others, full strands of steel wires and high grade rubber.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for generating fuel gas and optionally, activated carbon gasification from biomass fuel.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating waste material that comprises four major cooperating subsystems, namely a pyrolytic converter, a two-stage thermal oxidizer, a steam generator and a steam turbine driven by steam generated by the steam generator. In operation, the pyrolytic converter is uniquely heated without any flame impinging on the reactor component and the waste material to be pyrolyzed is transported through the reaction chamber of the pyrolytic converter by a pair of longitudinally extending, side-by-side material transfer mechanisms. Each of the transfer mechanisms includes a first screw conveyor section made up of a plurality of helical flights for conveying the heavier waste and a second paddle conveyor section interconnected with the first section for conveying the partially pyrolyzed waste, the second section comprising a plurality of paddle flights. Once operating, the apparatus is substantially self-sustaining and requires a minimum use of outside energy sources for pyrolyzing the waste materials.

Abstract: A method and portable apparatus is described for the conversion of cellulose and other blomass waste materials through a pyrolysis and partial combustion sequence in a downdraft gasifier to produce a gas which can be immediately utilized to fuel an internal combustion engine in a generator set (genset). More specifically, the heat from the combustion of part of the cellulosic or other waste input is used to pyrolyze the remainder of the input to produce a mixture of permanent fuel gases. Particulates are removed (water scrubbers, filters) from the gas mixture which can then be used directly as a major part of the fuel to operate the internal combustion engine in the genset. All movement into, through, and out of the gasifier and purification train is controlled by the vacuum associated with the intake of the internal combustion engine, thereby ensuring a steady production of electricity.

Abstract: The methods and systems of the present invention reduce NOx emissions in combustion systems, e.g., power plants, boilers, furnaces, incinerators, engines, and any combinations thereof. The inventive process decreases NOx emissions from stationary combustion sources and provides improved utilization of low-grade biomass and other waste fuels without slagging and fouling problems. The invention reduces NOx emissions while utilizing gasified fuels, including biomass and low-grade waste fuels, by gasifying solid fuels and injecting produced gas into a reburning zone of, for example, a boiler at relatively low temperatures and in relatively small amounts. By feeding the gas directly into a reburning zone, the need for gas cleaning is eliminated or substantially reduced as tars are burned in the flame and alkali species may be present at much lower levels than is the case with direct combustion applications.

Abstract: A method of disposing of combustible materials. The method includes the steps of: providing a heating space; providing a first source to generate heat to a first predetermined level at a first location in the heating space sufficient to reconstitute the combustible materials to a molten slag at the first location and so that heat generated by the first source elevates the temperature at a second location within the heating space to a second predetermined heat level that is below the predetermined heat level and high enough to cause combustion of the combustible materials; directing combustible materials to the second location at which the combustible materials are combusted to produce ash; and causing the ash to be directed to the first location to be reconstituted as molten slag.

Abstract: A system and method are set for pyrolysis of waste feed material including a first retort segment disposed through a combustion chamber and a second retort segment disposed outside of the combustion chamber. The combustion chamber supplies the heat for pyrolysis to the material conveyed through the first retort segment, which pyrolysis is completed as it is conveyed through the second retort segment. A thermal oxidizer oxidizes off gases and a stack unit provides a draft to move the gases from pyrolysis from the retort segments and through the thermal oxidizer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a reactor for gasifying and/or melting feed materials, comprising the following: a delivery section (1) by which means the feed materials are introduced; a pyrolysis section (8), which adjoins the preceding section, hereby expanding the cross-section; gas supply means (10) which open into the pyrolysis section (8) approximately at the level of the expanded cross-section and by which means hot gases are supplied to a discharge cone (9); a melting and overheating section (14) which adjoins the pyrolysis section (8); upper feeding-in means (15) for introducing a medium that is rich in energy into the melting and overheating section (14); a reduction section (20) comprising gas extraction means (21), by which means excess gases are extracted; a hearth (25) which is situated beneath the reduction section (20), for collecting and diverting molten metals and slag; and lower feeding-in means (26), by which means a medium that is rich in energy is introduced directly above the melts and below

Abstract: An apparatus for treating waste material that comprises four major cooperating subsystems, namely a pyrolytic converter, a two-stage thermal oxidizer, a steam generator and a steam turbine driven by steam generated by the steam generator. In operation, the pyrolytic converter is uniquely heated without any flame impinging on the reactor component and the waste material to be pyrolyzed is transported through the reaction chamber of the pyrolytic converter by a pair of longitudinally extending, side-by-side material transfer mechanisms. Each of the transfer mechanisms includes a first screw conveyor section made up of a plurality of helical flights for conveying the heavier waste and a second paddle conveyor section interconnected with the first section for conveying the partially pyrolyzed waste, the second section comprising a plurality of paddle flights. Once operating, the apparatus is substantially self-sustaining and requires a minimum use of outside energy sources for pyrolyzing the waste materials.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for combustion of a solid carbonaceous material in which the solid carbonaceous material is preheated and at least a portion thereof pyrolyzed on a stoker grate disposed in the lower portion of a combustion chamber to produce pyrolysis products. Overfire oxidant is then introduced into the combustion chamber above the stoker grate to ensure complete combustion of combustibles in the products of combustion generated by combustion of the solid carbonaceous material and the pyrolysis products. Preheating and pyrolysis of the solid carbonaceous material is carried out by the introduction of a pyrolysis agent directly into the bed of solid carbonaceous material.

Abstract: In order to separate a carbon-containing fraction as completely as possible from a residue, for example a pyrolysis residue, a combustible constituent is first separated from a non-combustible constituent. A carbon-containing light fraction is subsequently separated from a small-fragment fraction of the non-combustible constituent. For this purpose, in a preferred embodiment, a combination of a facility for the separation of wire with a heavy-fragment separator following the latter is provided for a continuous separation operation. The carbon-containing fraction thus obtained is preferably supplied for further utilization to a combustion chamber of a pyrolysis plant.

Abstract: A system for removing gas from a stream of a mixture of gas and particulate solids. The system includes a separation vessel having an upstream end portion and a downstream cowl portion, the upstream end portion having an inlet for introducing the stream tangentially into the vessel to separate centrifugally from the stream (i) a rich portion, comprising a solids-rich mixture, proceeding along a helical path at an outer annular portion of the separation vessel to the cowl portion, and (ii) a lean portion, comprising a solids-lean mixture, proceeding along a helical path at an inner portion of the separation vessel to the cowl section, multiple helical ports through which the rich portion proceeds axially through the cowl section, without significantly losing its momentum, to be discharged axially from the separation vessel, and multiple passages between the helical ports through which the lean portion proceeds radially outwards to be discharged from the separation vessel.

Abstract: A municipal waste gasification system comprises a plurality of primary gasification chambers for receiving municipal waste, a means for operating the municipal waste gasification system so that one or more of the primary gasification chambers may be idle while the other primary gasification chambers are operating to produce an effluent by an oxygen-starved process, a means for heating the municipal waste under oxygen-starved conditions in the primary gasification chambers in order to gasify the municipal waste and produce the effluent, and at least one mixing chamber positioned to receive the effluent produced by the primary gasification chambers with an effluent pathway extending through each mixing chamber.

Abstract: An incineration process and an incinerator using heat generated from combustion to bake and sublimate waste to produce gas as for burning waste is designed to use heat generated from the gas as burning chamber in the baking process and to allow waste to emit inflammable gas to be used as fuel in the gas burning chamber without using any other kind of fuel. The baked waste will be burned until it becomes charcoal in the burning chamber while its ash will be continuously removed and more waste continuously fed into the burning chamber. With this process, high temperature, low pollution, and budget savings will result.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for generating fuel gas and optionally, activated carbon gasification from biomass fuel.

Abstract: A sanitary waste disposal unit (1) including a scalable destruction chamber (11), a vacuum pump (23), a source of heat (15) and means (29) for the controlled introduction of air into the chamber (11). In use the waste is introduced on the chamber (11) which is then evacuated to remove substantially all the oxygen, and heated to sterilize the waste material to approximately 300-500° C. The chamber (11) is then cooled to approximately 150° C., a temperature sufficiently high enough to allow combustion of the waste material, which has been partially carbonized. A limited quantity of air is introduced into the chamber allowing combustion of the waste material and the combustion products are removed from the chamber.

Abstract: In a process for the thermal treatment of solid materials (3), in particular refuse, in which the solid materials (3) are burnt/gasified or pyrolized in a first step (5) with a lack of oxygen, and then, in an afterburning zone (14), the flue gases (6) from the first step (5) are mixed with an oxygen-containing gaseous medium (15) and are burnt with complete burn-off, the flue gases (6) emerging from the first step (5) are firstly actively homogenized in a mixing zone (7) with the addition of a gaseous oxygen-free or low-oxygen medium (8) before they are mixed with the oxygen-containing medium (15). Then, the homogenized flue-gas stream flows through a holding zone (13), in which it stays for at least 0.5 second, before, in an afterburning zone (14), the medium (15) which serves to ensure complete burn-off of the flue gas is added. The process according to the invention is distinguished by simple process steps and by a reduced level of pollutant emissions, in particular NOx, compared to the prior art.