Abstract: The grid plate is disposed between the fluidized bed reactor chamber and an underlying wind box and includes a plurality of nozzles for feeding fluidizing gas from the wind box into the reaction chamber. The nozzles are configured to afford different pressure drops across the grid such that with increasing pressure, additional nozzles are actuated in response to increasing pressure differences across the plate whereby fluidized bed start-up and steady state operating conditions may be facilitated.

Abstract: A method and furnace assembly for treating solid refuse. The refuse comprises both recoverable materials useful either in cement or in construction and contaminants. The contaminants have a vaporization temperature lower than the vaporization or sublimation temperatures of the recoverable materials. The furnace assembly comprises a resource recovery furnace connected to a cement manufacturing furnace. According to the method, the refuse is transferred through a resource recovery furnace. Inside the resource recovery furnace the refuse is separated into vaporized contaminants and recoverable materials. Gas carrying the vaporized contaminants is transferred to the cement manufacturing furnace and used as an energy source. The recoverable materials are used in the cement manufacturing furnace as a constituent for making cement.

Abstract: A gasification shaft in the reactor collects a loose heap of solid waste matter on a support at the bottom of the shaft in the form of a triangular hollow prism having longitudinal edges leaving gaps between it and the walls of the shaft. The support can be swung about its axis to open the gaps wider and shake the solid material. Oxygen containing gas is supplied at the top of the shaft and supports partial combustion of the solid material. Gas and partly burned solid material pass down through the variable gaps into a combination chamber below the shaft into which more oxygen containing gas is fed both from above through the prismatic support and from below through an ash chamber at the bottom of the combustion chamber after passing through lower gaps between an emptying device of triangular prism shape, below which is an ash removal chamber.

Abstract: Burner having two coaxially mounted tubes (3,4). The outer tube (3) is provided with means to introduce both air and particulate matter in the space between both tubes. For conveying of solid matter between both tubes screw conveyor means (5) are provided. Transferring of gasses resulting from gasification of the solid material to the inner space of the inner tube 4 is provided by opening (15).

Abstract: A method for combusting wet waste wherein heat released by the combustion of combustibles from dry waste is recirculated by operation of high velocity oxidant in order to dry wet waste.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for producing generator gas and activated carbon from solid fuels. A first gasification stage is supplied with fuel by an underfeed charging system and preheated air, the air and fuel being supplied in the same direction. In a second gasification stage and accompanied by the supply of secondary air, an intermediate gasification takes place. Finally, in a third gasification stage, the gas is reacted with glowing coke or charcoal, and the heat of the exiting gas is used for heating the air. The fuel centrally entering the first gasification stage is led from the inside to the outside and then upwards. Part of the entering fuel is precombusted in a precombustion chamber linked with the supply of the preheated air for reducing the oxygen content of the preheated air. In the intermediate gasification stage, the gas with the admixed air is passed through a Venturi nozzle or tube with a diffuser.

Abstract: A method is proposed for recovering high-temperature exhaust gases of high inflammability in terms of carbonaceous concentration from the partial combustion, at atmospheric pressure or near atmospheric pressure, of a mixture of pulverized bituminous or subbituminous coal and air as oxidizer gas, enriched with oxygen gas in a combustor apparatus having a cylindrical combustion chamber with a tangential injection duct, through which the fuel mixture is introduced into the combustion chamber to develop into a rapidly swirling vortex optimizing burning over a short period of time. As a result, the high-temperature, inflammable exhaust gases are generated, of which the heat is recovered to produce steam in a boiler. After losing portion of their heat to the boiler, the inflammable gases, following purification by a filter and desulfurization unit, recovery for subsequent thermal use in boilers, metallurgical or other chemical processes.

Abstract: In a process to reduce the nitrogen monoxide emissions generated during the combustion of solid fuels, before the combustion takes place, the entire amount of solid fuel is degasified inside a performance combustion area (2). At least part of the gas obtained during the degasification of the solid fuel is utilized as reduction gas in one or several reduction areas (3) that have been placed following the performance combustion area (2). In an installation for the implementation of the process the degasification device for solid fuel has been configured as a degasification section (5) for the continuous passage of fuel and has been arranged inside the combustion unit (1), within the flue gas current.

Abstract: A method for economically separating chemical contaminants such as volatile organic chemicals (VOC's) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's), even if the contaminants are present at low concentrations, from inert materials such as soils or sludges, comprising subjecting inert materials contaminated with chemical compounds to a temperature effective to volatilize the contaminants but below incineration temperature, with continuous removal of evolved vapors, for a period of time sufficient to effect the desire degree of separation of contaminants. The evolved vapors may be subjected to catalytic oxidation to destroy the volatilized chemical compounds.

Abstract: Industrial, municipal, sanitary, marine, and infectious waste materials are thermally and chemically converted principally to steam, fuels and environmentally acceptable solids by dehydration, pyrolysis of the solid residue therefrom, and finally gasification of the pyrolysis char residue. In contrast to incineration processes, the products have significant market value and present no atmospheric pollution problems. Temperatures employed range up to about 3000.degree. F.

Abstract: A vehicle-mounted system for removing hydrocarbon contaminants from the soil has an inclined rotary kiln which is rotated about a substantially horizontal axis of rotation, a burner assembly at the discharge end of the kiln and a hopper for loading soil into the inlet end to advance through the kiln and be directly heated by the burner assembly. The exhaust stream created in the kiln is drawn through a baghouse for removal of fines, then through the catalytic incinerator to burn any unburned constituents in the exhaust stream. The temperature of the exhaust stream is monitored prior to its passage into the incinerator and at the discharge end of the incinerator as well; and the concentration of hydrocarbon constituents in the exhaust stream is regulated either by introduction of air into the exhaust stream as it is discharged from the kiln or by recirculating a portion of the exhaust stream, after filtration, into the kiln.

Abstract: A heating system for producing heat by the gasification of solid, organic biomass material. A mass of such materials is maintained on a grate in a primary oxidation chamber of the catalytic type, and materials in such mass are gradually heated in a deficiency of oxidation for full oxidation of such materials to produce a gaseous, combustible effluent. The gaseous combustible effluent is transferred through an insulated exit duct to a secondary oxidation chamber where it is further oxidized to a fully oxidized state by burning. In one embodiment, the insulated exit duct has a restricted inlet portion within the primary oxidation chamber to serve as a flame deflector. The gaseous effluent from the secondary oxidation chamber is used as a heat source for a water tube boiler. A storage hopper is provided to store the biomass feed materials for delivery to the primary oxidation chamber. The bottom of the storage hopper is inverted and reciprocating plates are provided along the bottom of the storage hopper.

Abstract: This counterflow mild gasification process and apparatus utilizes reverse or counterflow combustion to pyrolyze or dry and gasify a carbonaceous reactant, such as a solid fossil fuel or solid biological waste. The solid carbonaceous material fills an elongated combustion chamber where it is ignited to create an advancing combustion front. An oxidant is introduced such that it flows in a direction opposite the advance of the combustion front. The system temperature and velocity of combustion front are controlled by pressure, the purity of the oxidant, and the moisture content of the carbonaceous reactant, as well as by the inlet temperature and flow rate of the oxidant and the initial bed temperature of the carbonaceous reactant.

Abstract: A process for the disposal of waste comprising the steps of passing a waste into a sealed container, purging the sealed container of oxygen, heating the interior of the sealed container to a temperature of greater than 2,700.degree. F. so as to convert the waste into a gas, and transmitting the gas into a storage vessel. An inert gas is introduced into the interior of the sealed container so as to displace oxygen from within the sealed container. The inert gas is ideally nitrogen. The interior of the sealed container is heated by induction heating. The gas is transferred through a water filter so as to remove the carbon component of the gas. The water filtered gas is then passed through a sodium hydroxide filter so as to remove the chlorine component of the gas. The gas is then sieved so as to separate the various gaseous components for individual storage.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for treating waste materials, particularly municipal solid waste materials. In the method the waste material is first pretreated in order to divide the waste material in a compost fraction and a refuse-derived fuel, and then for the compost fraction it is performed a biological waste treatment and for the refuse-derived fuel combustion in a high temperature. According to the method the exhaust gases created in the combustion of the refuse-derived fuel (3) are conducted to an after-burning chamber (13) which burning material it is utilized the gas produced from the biologically decomposed material (2) of the waste material.

Abstract: A solid waste disposal unit having a lower, pyrolyzing chamber and an upper, oxidizing chamber separated by a movable plate. Waste is deposited in the lower chamber. The chambers are rotated to move the plate to a first position which seals the lower chamber from the entrance of air. While the chambers continue to rotate, a pair of heaters separately heats the chambers. The waste in the lower chamber is pyrolyzed in the absence of air and gives off a combustible vapor that in turn is oxidized in the upper chamber. A plurality of venturi jets, mounted in the movable plate, mix the vapor with air as the vapor passes into the upper chamber. Additional air is introduced into the upper chamber through a rotating regenerative heat exchanger recovering heat from the exhaust gases. After the waste is thoroughly pyrolyzed into a char, the rotation of the unit is reversed causing the movable plate to rotate into a new position wherein air is permitted to enter the lower chamber to cause oxidation of the char.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the gasification of partially dried fuel with hot gas which has been heated by bringing it into contact with an inert hot heat carrier. The fuel gases generated during the gasification process are further combusted and utilized for heating the inert heat carrier. The process and apparatus can be combined with a process and apparatus for generating steam from wet fuel wherein water is evaporated from the wet fuel by bringing the fuel into direct contact with superheated steam. The steam is superheated by bringing it into contact with a second hot heat carrier. The second heat carrier is heated by bringing it into direct contact with the fuel gas produced by combusting the fuel gas from the gasification process.

Abstract: Gaseous discharge from a pelletizing drier used in the treatment of sewage sludge is partially directed back to a combustion chamber that generates an effluent which is fed to the drier. Volumetric requirements of a gas scrubber and an afterburner are reduced to the volume of gaseous discharge not recycled back to the combustion chamber. A concentrated stream of sewage sludge is mixed with a quantity of dehydrated particulate matter and supplied to a rotary pelletizing drier. Fuel and air undergo a combustion process and are mixed with additional air and part of the gaseous discharge in the combustion chamber which generates a hot gaseous effluent that is directed through the drier. The effluent removes moisture from the mixture of concentrated sludge and dehydrated particulate matter to provide dehydrated particulate sludge and the gaseous discharge. Entrained materials are initially separated from the gaseous discharge by cyclone separators.

Abstract: A semi-continuous pyrolysis arrangement is disclosed which is particularly useful in the reclamation of a base material in a substantially pure form from a composite material which has organic compounds. The furnace base barrier free zones wherein the waste material is continuously pyrolyzed as it is indexed through the furnace and each zone is controlled in a preset manner established from pyrolyzing a sample waste specimen under controlled conditions. Preferably, the waste is containerized as a particulate solid in discrete static beds permitting a fan exhaust arrangement to establish convective heat transfer with the bed while also establishing the furnace zones. An exothermic zone is provided at the end of the furnace to remove fixed carbon from the pyrolyzed waste by bleeding substoichiometric amounts of air in an oxygen temperature controlled manner to permit recovery of the waste in a substantially pure form.

Abstract: A fuel reactor particularly adopted for the efficient combustion of wood and wood-product fuels includes a core comprised of an inner fuel tube and an outer gas tube. Fuel is introduced into one end of the fuel tube and the combustion process is initiated. Perforations in the gas tube allow the combustion gas to progress down the fuel tube and combine with air in the gas tube. A high temperature is maintained on the gas tube to enhance the combustion process. In addition, high temperature-high pressure steam and air are introduced into the core to increase the reactivity rate of char products. The high temperature-high pressure steam is produced by a novel steam pump. The combustion gases are further processed through a gas dispersion chamber, including dispersion plates, and a gas expansion chamber. Heat is extracted from the combustion gases via a novel heat exchanger which includes a gas dispersion shelf, a radiating heat exchanger plate, a primary heat exchanger, and a condensing heat exchanger.

Abstract: A two zone pyrolysis unit having a first drying zone and a second pyrolysis zone is provided for detoxifying heavy metals contained in sludges, soils and similar materials. A condenser and an afterburner are in flow communication with the first and second zones respectively.

Abstract: A coal fired power plant includes a coal gasification zone where coal is gasified in the presence of an oxidant-lean atmosphere under partial coal gasifying conditions to produce a carbonaceous char and a crude gas stream, an acid separating zone where sulfur-containing compounds are separated from the crude gas stream to produce a combustible gas stream, and a converting zone where the sulfur-containing compounds are converted to elemental sulfur. The combustible gas stream and the carbonaceous char are fed into a boiler which drives a generator to produce electricity; portions of the carbonaceous char product and the combustible gas stream are diverted into a gypsum desulfurization zone. SO.sub.2 -containing flue gas from the boiler is fed into a flue gas desulfurization zone. There, the SO.sub.2 -containing flue gas is contacted with lime and limestone to produce gypsum.

Abstract: This invention relates to a plant and arrangement and method for the low temperature carbonization of waste material with low-temperature carbonization device and a secondary incineration chamber. The heating system of the low-temperature carbonization device is substantially corrosion-free and gases hazardous to the environment are transformed into gases with a lower level of hazardous matter in a simple manner by directing the heating gas of the low-temperature carbonization device into a closed loop cycle through a low temperature carbonization device and into a heat exchanger of a secondary incineration device. The heat exchanger is equipped with a lining which insures a temperature of the burner gases in the heat exchanger of 1200.degree. C. or more for a period of dwell of 1 to 5 sec.

Abstract: Method and apparatus is disclosed for thermally decomposing waste material from several batch furnaces plumbed into one afterburner. The afterburner is modified to mix and combust in a controlled manner an otherwise explosive mixture of fumes from several furnaces. The entire system is regulated only by the temperature of incinerated gases from the afterburner. The furnaces are operated in a sequenced, overlapping staged manner to produce a generally constant fume loading permitting significant cost savings in equipment and operation.

Abstract: An installation for the low temperature carbonization of waste under the exclusion of air with a low temperature carbonization cylinder, in particular device for after-burning of residual materials for the low-temperature carbonization installation, has an improved energy balance by carrying out a low-temperature carbonization so as to increase the ratio of internal energy requirement to energy release in favor of energy release. The carbon containing residual materials from the low-temperature carbonization cylinder are exposed to a complete after-burning on an inclined step grate and also a subsequent after-burning in a chamber. The burning gases for the burning devices of the step-grate are low temperature carbonization gasses obtained from the low-temperature carbonization installation. Gases from a waste heat boiler arranged after the after-burn chamber are utilized as heating gases for a low-temperature carbonization installation cylinder.

Abstract: Medium temperature (500.degree. F.-1100.degree. F.) wet off-gases from the final drying zone of counterflow incineration of waste sludge are scrubbed and cooled before heating to final high temperature in an afterburner and the resulting hot dry gases are used to preheat the scrubbed and cooled gases prior to entry of said gases into the afterburner.

Abstract: A continuous pyrolysis system is adapted for continuous pyrolysis of tire shreds with the simultaneous recovery of solid, liquid, and gas pyrolysate. The pyrolysis system includes an anaerobic pyrolyzing chamber with a conveyor for conveying tire shreds therethrough from an infeed end to a solids output end, and a heater for pyrolyzing the tire shreds as they are conveyed. The system also includes a solid pyrolysate output device for removing solid pyrolysate from the chamber, a liquid and gas pyrolysate output device for removing liquid and gas pyrolysate from the chamber, and a tire shred infeed device for feeding tire shreds into the chamber without interrupting either the pyrolysis of tire shreds already in the chamber, or the removal of pyrolystate from the chamber.

Abstract: The invention relates to a PFBC power plant comprising a bed vessel (12) which is divided into a first section (14) and a second section (16) by a vertical partition (17) which reaches up to the upper wall of the bed vessel (12) so that freeboards (86 and 46, respectively), which are separated from each other, are formed. The first section (14) of the bed vessel (12) forms a gas generator in which a burnable gas is generated. This burnable gas is cleaned in a gas cleaner (90) and is burnt in a secondary combustion chamber (98) and is mixed with the combustion gases from the second section (16) of the bed vessel (12) and raises the temperature of the gas supplied to a gas turbine to an optimum level for the gas turbine.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for the decomposition of waste tires while removing and recovering important segments of the oils and carbon black residues of combustion through a system of sequentially arranged tanks through which the gases of combustion are caused to travel a tortuous path. The fan that draws the gases of combustion through the intake tanks then blows the partially-cleaned gases through a system of sequentially arranged exhaust tanks that completes the removal of carbon black and also filters obnoxious and deleterious materials form the gases prior to discharge to the atmosphere.

Abstract: Household garbage, municipal waste, clarifier sludge and mixtures thereof continuously derived during summer months, for example, can be continuously mixed with a high volatiles coal and the resulting mixtures subjected to degasification at a temperature of up to 650.degree. C., preferably around 600.degree. C. to produce a coke-like pyrolysis product which can be stored sanitarily and burned during winter months in a fluidized bed or other power plant boiler.

Abstract: A plant for thermal waste disposal includes a pyrolysis reactor converting waste into carbonization gas and substantially non-volatile pyrolysis residue and a discharge device connected to the pyrolysis reactor. A combustion chamber operated with an oxygen excess is connected to a carbonization gas discharge fitting of the discharge device for receiving the carbonization gas. A residue sorting device is connected to the pyrolysis residue outlet of the discharge device for sorting out coarser coarse components substantially including non-combustible ingredients such as rocks, glass shards, broken porcelain, and metal parts, from combustible finer coarse components. A transport device connected to the residue sorting device transports the finer coarse components. A grinding apparatus has an inlet side connected to the transport device and a discharge side for feeding the finer coarse components to the combustion chamber after grinding.

Abstract: The generation of acid rain precursors, i.e., SO.sub.x and NO.sub.x, and slag during the combustion of a carbonaceous fuel, e.g., coal, is counteracted in a slagging combustor apparatus and process. The fuel is combusted in a primary combustor under substoichiometric combustion conditions and at a temperature greater than the fuel's ash fusion temperature. The substoichiometric combustion conditions suppress the formation of NO.sub.x. Most of the noncombustibles are separated from the gaseous products of combustion, in the form of liquid slag, to form treated gaseous combustion products having a noncombustible content that is substantially reduced with respect to the noncombustible content of the fuel. The temperature of the treated gaseous combustion as it leaves the primary combustion is above the ash fusion tmeprature of the fuel. A sorbent is introduced into the treated gaseous combustion products and calcined. The calcined sorbent removes SO.sub.x from the treated gaseous combustion products.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for converting unconditioned biomass, such as cotton gin trash, into usable energy. This is accomplished by gasifying the biomass, removing the particulate char from the combustible gas using cyclonic separators, burning the gas, and using the heat to generate steam. Two stage combustion helps minimize NO.sub.x formation.

Abstract: A pyrolysis system for trash and refuse utilization having a heated low temperature carbonization drum with a device for feeding material to be carbonized located at one end face of the drum, a residue discharge device at the other end face of the drum, a low temperature carbonization gas exhaust, and a gas converter connected to the low temperature carbonization gas exhaust for converting the low temperature carbonization gas into cracked gas, includes means for supplying to the low temperature carbonization drum part of a quantity of cracked gas flowing out of the gas converter as a heat carrier.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process and device for destroying solid waste by pyrolysis, in which a column of such waste is upwardly traversed at least partially by a stream of hot gas blown in at the base of said column, wherein said stream of hot gas is generated by at least one plasma jet. The invention results in the destruction of non-burned residues and in the improved flow of the molten residues.

Abstract: The invention is a method and apparatus for burning combustibles, particularly garbage and coal, in such a manner as to prevent the venting of unwanted pollutants into the atmosphere and for recovering valuable resources. The combustibles are burned in a rotating inclined furnace; solids and molten metals are extracted at the discharge end of the furnace; the discharged gases are passed through a boiler for extracting heat therefrom and generating steam; the discharged gases are liquified by sequential cooling and the so-liquified products removed while preventing discharge of gases into the atmosphere; the remaining gases are passed through a second boiler for further extraction of heat and steam generation and further extraction of liquified products; and the effluent gases are passed into subsequent apparatus for removing any remaining pollutants and for the recovering of resources in accordance with Nielson U.S. Pat. No. 4,728,341.

Abstract: A process for the gasification of coal to produce synthesis gas is disclosed, the process being characterized by passage of product gas stream containing sticky or molten particles upward from the gasification zone and quenching of the product gas stream and particles in a quench zone coated or lined internally with boron nitride.

Abstract: A process for the gasification of coal to produce synthesis gas is disclosed, the process being characterized by passage of product gas stream containing sticky or molten particles upward from the gasification zone and quenching of the product gas stream and particles in a quench zone coated or lined internally with silicon carbide.

Abstract: Heavy metals and compounds thereof and other toxic materials in industrial wastes, sludges, soils, incinerated ashes and the like are fixed and stabilized in a char residue, obtained by critical region pyrolyzing techniques and appropriate proportions of carbonaceous materials intimately mixed with the sludge, to encapsulate the heavy metals with carbon bonded thereto which effectively detoxifies the residue and renders it immune to any substantial leaching out or later exposure to the toxic metals, such that the same is environmentally safe for such uses as landfill and the like.

Abstract: Apparatus, and a method for using the apparatus, for detoxifying material contaminated with at least one volatile organic compound (VOC). The apparatus is provided with a dryer having a heat source to heat the VOC-contaminated material to a first temperature, hot enough to volatilize the VOC, but below the cracking temperature of the VOC. The VOC in the dryer is volatilized to form VOC gases. A kiln heats the VOC gases with excess air to a second temperature, hot enough to destroy the organics in the VOC gases. Simultaneously the kiln is used to treat a kiln processable material to form a desired product. The kiln includes means for feeding the kiln processable material to the heating chamber, means for cooling and recovering the desired product, and means for providing heat for the VOC dryer. The apparatus also includes a conduit for conducting the gases containing VOC from the dryer to the kiln.

Abstract: A process for the gasification of coal to product synthesis gas is disclosed, the process being characterized by passage of product gas stream containing sticky or molten particles upward from the gasification zone and quenching of the product gas stream and particles in a quench zone coated or lined internally with titanium diboride.

Abstract: A process for the gasification of coal to produce synthesis gas is disclosed, the process being characterized by passage of product gas stream containing sticky or molten particles upward from the gasification zone and quenching of the product gas stream and particles in a quench zone coated or lined internally with silicon nitride.

Abstract: A continuous thermal treatment furnace for converting hazardous materials into environmentally acceptable materials, including a continuous belt for conveying hazardous materials through a substantially air-tight heating chamber having heating elements to thermally detoxify the hazardous materials on the belt, a charging zone and a discharging zone, each being ducted to convey volatiles to an off-gas handling system in which hazardous volatiles are converted to environmentally acceptable materials, the discharge zone being at least partially water-jacketed to cool discharged solids, the continuous belt being returned to the charging zone outside of the heating chamber in order for the belt to be cooled.

Abstract: A fluidized bed combustor including a combusting cell for generating flue gases and a gasifier cell for generating a low BTU combustible off-gas. The off-gas is discharged from the vessel and is combusted to raise the temperature of the flue gases before they are passed to a turbine.

Abstract: A blower apparatus (18) for use in a gasifier and burner combination, the blower including a housing (60) which includes an inlet for gas from the gasifier and an exit nozzle (64) leading to the burner. A vertical blower shaft (66) extends up into the housing (60) as well as down below the housing (60), wherein the blower shaft (66) includes a hollow portion which is in communication with the environment. A first fan (62) is positioned on the upper end of the blower shaft (66) within the housing (60) and a second fan (80) is positioned on the blower shaft (66) beneath the housing (60). A motor (70) drives the blower shaft (66) through a belt and pulley arrangement (72,68).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for utilizing the heat energy of domestic and commercial refuse in a rotary kiln installation. The prepared crude refuse is degassed in a pyrolysis reactor and the pyrolysis gas produced is delivered to the main burner of the rotary kiln, optionally using primary fuel. For optimum and economic production of the pyrolysis gas crushed refuse is dried pneumatically with the aid of exhaust air from the cooler and is delivered to the pyrolysis reactor. The pyrolysis reactor is heated indirectly to a low temperature with hot secondary air from the kiln outlet head and the pyrolysis gas produced is delivered together with used secondary air to the main burner of the kiln.

Abstract: When gasifying fuels with oxygen in a shaft-like furnace adapted to receive solid charging stock and including a primary gas chamber on its lower end to be charged by at least one burner, a fixed bed is formed in the primary gas chamber by the charging stock. The charging stock is gasified by the hot offgases from the burner. The gas forming, upon passage through the fixed bed, is extracted from the furnace as a product gas. In order to keep the product gas free of impurities that constitue a load on the environment and limit its usability, such as tar and other higher hydrocarbons, an oxygen-containing gas is injected into the furnace space filled by the product gas and a slight portion of the product gas is burnt.

Abstract: A pyrolysis reactor is coupled with an incinerator plant in the pyrolysis apparatus of our invention. In one variant the pyrolysis gas arrives directly in the furnace of the incinerator plant. In another variant the pyrolysis gas is burned in an additional separate combustion chamber and the flue gas arising from its combustion is fed into the flue gas duct of the incinerator. Because of that the units required in an economically self sufficient pyrolysis plant for purifying and using the pyrolysis gas and for the exhaust gas cleaning are made more economical. A process for consuming waste according to our invention is also described.

Abstract: In a coal combustion system suitable for a gas turbine engine, pulverized coal is transported to a rich zone combustor and burned at an equivalence ratio exceeding 1 at a temperature above the slagging temperature of the coal so that combustible hot gas and molten slag issue from the rich zone combustor. A coolant screen of water stretches across a throat of a quench stage and cools the combustible gas and molten slag to below the slagging temperature of the coal so that the slag freezes and shatters into small pellets. The pelletized slag is separated from the combustible gas in a first inertia separator. Residual ash is separated from the combustible gas in a second inertia separator. The combustible gas is mixed with secondary air in a lean zone combustor and burned at an equivalence ratio of less than 1 to produce hot gas motive at temperature above the coal slagging temperature.

Abstract: A gasifier (10) for particulate combustible material in effect separates the pyrolysis and the oxidation of the flowable fuel material with a traveling grate (40) for advancing a bed of the material from a material feed station (40A) to a material discharge station (40B). A material feed mechanism (60) has fuel and ember chutes (62, 64) for depositing hot embers below combustible material. Discharge transport apparatus 70 separates ash from combustible residue, i.e., embers. A recirculation transport (80) delivers combustible residue to the ember chute (64) where it is reintroduced to the traveling grate (40) for a further transit through the gasifier (10).