Abstract: A pipe connecting structure of a water heater. Individual parts in the water heater are integrally coupled with a pipe body, which is injection-molded, provides paths of tap water and hot water, reduces the number of pipes connecting the individual parts, and simplifies the connection structure of the pipes. The pipe connecting structure of the water heater includes a tap water inlet pipe connected from a tap water inlet to a heat exchanger; a hot water supply pipe connected from the heat exchanger to a hot water outlet; a flow sensor for measuring the flow rate of the tap water introduced via the tap water inlet; and a flow control valve for controlling the flow rate of the hot water discharged via the hot water outlet. The pipe body connects and is integral with the tap water inlet, the tap water inlet pipe, the hot water supply pipe, and the hot water outlet.

Abstract: In a refractory tile, at least two fixing points are aligned, any two adjacent fixing points of the alignment being spaced by a constant distance A, first (44) and last (46) fixing points of the alignment being separated, in the direction of the alignment, by distances ?1 and ?2 from first (40) and second (42) edges of the tile extending proximate the first (44) and second (46) fixing points respectively. The tile is characterized in that 0<A?(?1+?2). Application to gasifiers.

Abstract: A stud and stud arrangement protects the water-cooled tubes of a slag tap outlet from corrosion and erosion by flowing slag and flue gas. The stud is a generally annular or ring-like segment. The stud has a projection terminating in an edge adapted to contact a tube at stud contact area, and has a weld surface for receiving a weld. The weld contacts a tube at a weld contact area and thermally and physically connects the stud to a tube. The weld surface area is greater than the stud contact area, thereby improving heat transfer between the tube and stud. The studs are disposed in an arrangement that is staggered in a direction perpendicular to the flow slag and flue gas.

Abstract: A refractory insulation on boiler tubes using studs circular in cross-section and having shoulders intermediate their ends with washers frictionally engaged on the studs sandwiching a mesh therebetween. The shoulder restrains movement of the first washer and mesh toward the substrate and the second washer retains the mesh from movement away from the substrate. A first insulation is applied to the substrate through the mesh and a second insulation layer is applied over the mesh to a predetermined thickness determined by the height of the studs above the shoulders. Pins can be welded to the tops of the studs and used to impale fibrous insulation.

Abstract: A thermal processing plant has heating tubes which are arranged in an undulating line in an oven chamber. Burners which generate a gas stream directed against the opposite wall of the oven are positioned at each of the “wave crests” and in each of the “wave troughs.” The thermal radiation of the oven wall and of the reaction zone (combustion heat) heats the heating tubes uniformly.

Abstract: A refractory tube wall lining comprises a multiplicity of refractory tiles (1) which are arranged next to and above one another and each have two T-shaped slots (16) which extend over the entire height of the tile. The tiles (1) are held on the lined tube wall (2) by means of in each case two screw-like tile holders (11). Brackets which are independent of the tile holders (11) are used to support the tiles (1). Stepped top and bottom edges of the tiles (1) allow the tiles (1) to move vertically with respect to one another without the seal of the tube wall lining being lost. For the same purpose, the two side edges (14, 15) of each tile (1) are fitted with a tongue (141) or a groove (151).

Abstract: A spacing arrangement for tubes of a reheater or superheater tube section uses a spacer bar that is sufficiently long to span a space across a plurality of tubes in the tube section. The spacer bar has a plurality of holes therein which are spaced apart by a selected spacing corresponding to a desired spacing between the plurality of tubes in the section. A plurality of sleeves is provided with one sleeve on adjacent tubes in the section. A tab is fixed to each sleeve and extends outwardly from the sleeve to which it is fixed so that the tabs of all the sleeves extend outwardly from a common plane containing all the adjacent tubes in the section. The tabs extend into respective holes in the spacer bar and fillet welds fix the tabs to the spacer bar adjacent the holes and at a location spaced from the sleeves.

Abstract: A refractory tile system includes a barrier layer coating applied to the wall (membrane and waterwall or tube wall) of a boiler of an incinerator or heat exchanger. Refractory tiles are then fastened to the tube wall utilizing a floating attachment mechanism to provide a relatively high degree of freedom of movement relative to the tube wall to accommodate micro-scale bowing of the tile generated by the relatively large temperature gradient and mean temperature typically experienced by such tiles. Each tile is also effectively isolated from adjacent tiles by providing a predetermined gap therebetween of sufficient size to effectively prevent macro-scale bowing generated by networking thereof. Moreover, a compressible fibrous mortar is preferably disposed in the gap or channel between each adjacent tile to substantially prevent ash or other contaminants from passing therethrough.

Abstract: A heat-resistant assembly to shield boiler tubes which does not entail a thick heat-resistant block. This structure would be interposed between the boiler tubes and the combustion gases. Such a structure would be distinguished by the fact that it comprises heat-resistant block 16, itself composed of curved portion 16a, whose inner surface at one point comes in contact with the aforesaid boiler tube 11, and connecting portions 16b, and the aforesaid boiler tube assembly 12. The interlocking attachment structure which interlockingly secures these two components together in such a way that the block can be mounted or removed comprises recess 17, 58 or 68 and tongue 18, 59 or 69.

Abstract: Refractory bricks, suspended wall of refractory bricks, and a method for mounting refractory bricks for protection of membrane boiler tube walls. The pre-fired brick has a rectangular generally flat exterior face, a top face having an upper groove extending across the top face generally parallel to the exterior face, a bottom face having a lower groove extending across the bottom face generally parallel to the exterior face, the upper groove being deeper than the lower groove, the upper and lower grooves sized and spaced to accommodate mounting bars attached to the membrane boiler tube wall.

Abstract: A method of building refractory protection walls of furnaces, ovens or combustion chambers, notably but not exclusively for boilers for incinerating garbage and refuse, is proposed for protecting the hearth walls by means of a refractory wall (4) consisting of a plurality of shaped fire-bricks (5) each provided with at least one blind recess (6, 11) disposed at the level of the fixing means of the panel (1) to be protected which consist of fixing studs (7) projecting from the panel surface and adapted to engage the corresponding blind recesses (6, 11) so that each fire-brick (5) is suspended from these studs (7) and self-locked in position by at least the next overlying fire-brick.