Abstract: A natural circulation boiler for heating includes a water tank wherein the height of one side is formed to be lower than the height of the other side to include a water storage part wherein water is stored, and a water inlet is formed on the top of the one side, a check valve installed at the bottom of the water tank, and including a body part, a top connection part formed on the top of the body part, a bottom connection part formed at the bottom of the body part and a backflow prevention plate that opens or blocks the flow path of the top connection part, a water discharge tube wherein one end thereof is connected with the bottom connection part of the check valve and the other end thereof is connected with the top connection part of the check valve, an electric heater wherein one end thereof is connected with the bottom connection part of the check valve to heat the water supplied from the water tank, a discharge tube connected with the other end of the electric heater to feed the water heated at the electr

Abstract: A device for preventing initial hot water from being discharged from a double pipe heat exchanger and a method of controlling the same, which can temporarily mix cold water with hot water so as to decrease the temperature of the discharged hot water when the high temperature water is initially discharged from the double pipe heat exchanger.

Abstract: A condensing heat exchange economizer wherein upwardly flowing hot flue gas is redirected to flow in a downward direction over a bundle of heat exchange tubes carrying a counter-flowing heat exchange medium to form condensate and cool the flue gas, and the condensate is forced by gravity to flow in the downward direction. The economizer may be in the form of a cylindrical economizer adapted for insertion in an exhaust stack for flue gas. The cooled flue gas may be redirected to flow in an upward direction and merged with a primary flow passage leading to the stack.

Abstract: A fluid recirculation system includes an arrangement of a flow control valve located to receive a flow of fluid from an inlet. The system further comprises an economizer inlet mixing device located to receive the flow of hotter fluid from the arrangement of the flow control valve and from a cooler feedwater stream. An economizer inlet mixing device located upstream of an economizer in a supercritical pressure boiler includes a sparger assembly through which a flow of fluid from the waterwall outlet is received, an inlet through which a flow of fluid from a feed stream is received, and a wave breaker assembly through which an outlet stream from the economizer inlet mixing device is directed.

Abstract: A boiler apparatus for leading fluid from a plurality of upper walls (2) to (4) to a ceiling wall (7) through a ceiling wall inlet header (11), characterized in that a ceiling wall inlet mixing header (8) is installed between the plurality of upper walls (2) to (4) and the ceiling wall inlet header (11).

Abstract: The invention relates to a fossil-energy heated continuous steam generator, whereby the at least one combustion chamber, viewed in the flow direction of the hot gases, is divided into at least two throughflow segments, formed by evaporator heating surfaces, whereby the evaporator heating surfaces each comprise steam generation tubes welded to each other in a gastight manner and pressurized in parallel with a flow medium. According to the invention, said generator is suitable for operation with high fresh steam parameters, such as for example, steam temperatures of approximately 700° C., with a simple construction and particularly simple assembly, whereby a throughflow segment, arranged after the first through flow segment, viewed in the direction of flow of the hot gases, forms the first evaporator stage for the flow medium, such that the injection of particularly cold flow medium can occur in the region of maximum heating.

Abstract: A furnace of a boiler for a power plant includes an outer water tube section adapted to receive water from the outside and heat the water into hot water (including steam); and an inner water tube section adapted to receive water from the outside and heat the water into hot water (including steam) while allowing the water to be moved upwardly. The outer water tube section is formed in a shape gradually increasing or substantially uniform in diameter from the bottom toward the middle portion M, and gradually decreasing, increasing and decreasing again in diameter from the middle portion M toward the top, and the inner water tube section is formed in a shape gradually decreasing and increasing in diameter from the bottom toward the middle portion M, and gradually decreasing, increasing and decreasing again in diameter from the middle portion M toward the top.

Abstract: A boiler water cycle of a fluidized bed boiler, preferably, a supercritical once-through-unit (OTU) boiler, includes a drop leg, a number of horizontal inlet headers, substantially having a length of the length of a front wall of the furnace of the boiler, arranged below the furnace, and panels of water tubes of the front wall and a rear wall, extensions of the water tubes being directly connected to the inlet headers, wherein each inlet header is in flow communication with a drop leg by way of an inlet duct connected to the end of the inlet header. The inlet headers include a front wall chamber below the front wall of the furnace, a rear wall chamber arranged below the rear wall of the furnace, and at least one grid chamber below the center part of the furnace grid in a wind box of the fluidized bed boiler.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for heating, concentrating and/or evaporating a fluid by heating the fluid in a heating subsystem comprising a rotary heating device, such as a water brake dynamometer, and then evaporating all or a portion of the fluid in an evaporation subsystem and/or concentrating the fluid in a concentration subsystem.

Abstract: There is provided a circulation type hot water supply device in which a downstream end of a hot water delivering channel 6 connected to a heat exchanger 4 of a water heater 1 is connected to a water supply channel 5 upstream of the heat exchanger, and a circulating pump 25 that returns hot water fed from the heat exchanger to the hot water delivering channel to the heat exchanger through the water supply channel is provided in the hot water delivering channel. The device can reliably identify an abnormality when it occurs, such as adhesion of a deposit to an inner surface of a heat absorbing pipe 4b to reduce heat exchange efficiency. A diagnosis is started when a hot water delivering tap 7 is closed and a burner 3 is subjected to combustion. In the diagnosis, supply of water to the heat exchanger 4 is first stopped to shut down the burner 3.

Abstract: A steam generator circulation system is provided and includes a boiler feed pump for forcing water through an economizer, and through the waterwall tubes of an evaporator. A separator receives a mixture of steam and water and sends the steam to a steam utilization unit such as a superheater. A valve is provided below the separator. If the valve is open, the saturated water from the separator is mixed with feedwater and recirculated through the tubes of the evaporator. If the valve is closed, recirculation is terminated. At loads below the critical point, the valve below the separator system would be open and the boiler would operate like a natural circulation drum boiler. At loads above the critical point, the valve below the separator system would be closed resulting in a boiler that operates like a once-through boiler.

Abstract: In order to quantitatively evaluate actual circulation quantity of bed material extremely simply and to enhance accuracy of comparison of results of thermal balance examined through simulation or the like with actual operation results, time is measured which is required for bed material in a downcomer 5 to reach an upper predetermined height H1 from a lower reference height H0 during stopped feeding of fluidizing air to an external heat exchanger 7; a flow rate of the bed material as circulation quantity is determined from the time and an accumulated amount of the bed material based on an inner diameter D of the downcomer 5.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and process for recovering heat from multiple hot process streams without multiplying instrumentation. Each hot process stream is indirectly heat exchanged with a water circuit which leaves and feeds a steam drum. Heat is added to the steam drum through the addition of water heated outside of the steam drum. The heated liquid and vapor water is heated in heat exchangers decoupled from the steam drum. The water circuits are arranged in parallel with each other and feed a single steam drum to provide a steam product of a desired pressure for which only one set of instrumentation is needed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to systems and methods for control of a steam generating process having a steam generator with multiple water flow conduits disposed in a convection section and a radiant section. A first conduit may have a first diverted convection section water that may flow through a second preheater of a second conduit intermediate a first element of the convection section and a first radiant section. The second conduit may have a second diverted convection section water that may flow through a first section preheater intermediate a second element of the convection section and a second radiant section. A first temperature controlled valve may control the first diverted convection section water flow rate and a second temperature controlled valve may control the second diverted convection water flow rate.

Abstract: A continuous steam generator with a circulating atmospheric fludized-bed chamber is defined by encircling walls essentially on all sides, comprised of gas-permeable tubular walls provided with essentially vertical tubes, and comprises at least one funnel in its lower region. The turbulence combustion chamber has at one essentially vertically arranged heating surface provided with vertical tubes, said heating surface comprises of a welded tube-web-tube combination, and a water/steam working medium flows through the tubes of the encircling walls and the heating surface. All of the tubes of the encircling walls and the heating surface are embodied as evaporator heating surfaces and are mounted in parallel for the circulation of the entire working medium to be evaporated. In addition, all of the tubes of the encircling walls have an inner smooth surface, and the heating surface extends between the bottom of the combustion chamber or the upper edge of the funnel, and the top of the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A steam generator circulation system is provided and includes a boiler feed pump for forcing water through an economizer, and through the waterwall tubes of an evaporator. A separator receives a mixture of steam and water and sends the steam to a steam utilization unit such as a superheater. A valve is provided below the separator. If the valve is open, the saturated water from the separator is mixed with feedwater and recirculated through the tubes of the evaporator. If the valve is closed, recirculation is terminated. At loads below the critical point, the valve below the separator system would be open and the boiler would operate like a natural circulation drum boiler. At loads above the critical point, the valve below the separator system would be closed resulting in a boiler that operates like a once-through boiler.

Abstract: A gas temperature control system for maintaining a desired economizer outlet gas temperature across a range of boiler loads comprises a plurality of tubular configurations having surfaces that are in contact with the flue gas. Each tubular configuration, preferably, comprises a plurality of serpentine or stringer tubes arranged horizontally or vertically back and forth within the economizer, and each tubular configuration having a separate feedwater inlet. Heat transfer from the flue gas is accomplished by controlling the feedwater flow rates through the tubular configurations. In a temperature control system having two tubular configurations, the overall heat transfer capacity of the economizer may be reduced to maintain the desired economizer outlet gas temperature during low boiler loads by reducing feedwater flow through one tubular configuration and by overflowing the other tubular configuration, such that total flow of feedwater through the economizer is maintained substantially constant.

Abstract: A hybrid vapor generator has at least one evaporator with tubes arranged in sections, one section including a natural circulation loop with a separating drum and downcomer(s), and another section being a pump assisted once-through circulation section.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the manufacture of aromatic carboxylic acids by exothermic liquid phase oxidation of an aromatic feedstock. More particularly, this invention relates to the efficient energy recovery of the exotherm produced by the liquid phase oxidation of an aromatic feedstock. An apparatus useful in recovery of energy from the preparation of aromatic carboxylic acids by the exothermic liquid phase reaction of an aromatic feedstock is described where the primary means of energy recovery is by raising moderate pressure steam. This is coupled with a process to recovery low temperature energy using a process commonly known as an organic Rankine cycle and/or a heat pump. The combination of energy recovery methods increases the overall energy recovery and enables the recovery of reaction energy as either thermal energy (steam) or work or a combination of both.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for sealing a combustion intake for a boiler from inside air is provided. A method and apparatus for providing a transition piece for venting fresh air to and combusted air away from a boiler is also provided. A method of connecting a transition piece to PVC, ABS OR CPVC ductwork is also provided.

Abstract: A hot water heater with a built in refrigerant heat recovery system is provided. A thermosyphon and coriolus force powered refrigeration heat recovery unit is integrated into the tank of a conventional gas or electric hot water heater. The heat recovery unit is placed beneath the outer skin of the hot water heater to decrease the number of exterior connections and increase the ease of installation. The use of the coriolus effect increases the flow rate and thus the efficiency of the heat transfer system.

Abstract: An intermediate heat exchanger-incorporated type steam generator having an intermediate heat exchanger tube 20 and a steam generating heat exchanger tube 22 disposed separately in a vessel 10 storing a secondary coolant 14 therein. A pump mechanism is made of an electromagnetic pump mechanism formed by an electromagnetic driving coil 24 provided on an outer circumference of the vessel and a magnetic core 26 attached to an inner cylinder 12 disposed in the vessel. At least one porous plate or slotted plate 18 is preferably disposed between the intermediate heat exchanger tube and steam generating heat exchanger tube.

Abstract: A small and compact boiler for providing hot water for indoor heating and domestic hot water and method of operation are provided. The boiler includes a three way valve configured to circulate boiler water through a heating circuit when indoor heat is required, and bypass the heating circuit and circulate the boiler water through the heat exchanger to enable production of domestic hot water.

Abstract: A high-speed and high-pressure injection heat-generating device is provided, and enables liquid injected at a high speed and under a high pressure to become heated by the force of the friction and resistance generated from the collisions of liquid molecules as passing through a heating generating unit, and thus the heated liquid can be used for the purpose of heating water. By connecting a liquid circulating pump to a liquid feeding tube through which source liquid is supplied to the heating generating device on the outlet side of the liquid circulating pump and providing a tube with bends in the heating unit, where the tube includes a plurality projections closely formed on an inner surface thereof, more heating efficiency can be obtained. Therefore, the heat generating device can provide a heating source or hot water thereby obtaining a high temperature efficiency in variety of fields such as heating and hot water supply, without consuming energy sources like oil or gas.

Abstract: An intermediate heat exchanger-incorporated type steam generator having two functions of an intermediate heat exchanger and a steam generator and capable of simplifying a secondary cooling system.

Abstract: A circulating fluidized bed boiler has reduced corrosion in the exchanging tube in an external heat exchanger. The circulating fluidized bed boiler has a furnace which combusts a fuel which is fluidized together with a bed material, a cyclone dust collector into which an flue gas which is generated by the combustion in the furnace is introduced and which catches particles in the flue gas, a separation loop, in a seal box, which separates corrosive components from the particles so as not to introduce the corrosive components to the external heat exchanger which is arranged downstream of the seal box.

Abstract: An evaporator in a steam generator extracts heat from high temperature gases to convert heated water into saturated steam. The evaporator includes two sections—a once-through section and a circulation section, both of which include tubes located in the flow of hot gases. Heated water flows through the tubes of the once-through section at a rate sufficient to maintain the interiors of its tube fully wetted while enabling steam to develop in that water, with the steam having a quality of at least 20%. The circulation section includes a drum that is connected to the tubes of that section such that water from the drum circulates through the tubes and then back to the drum, with the circulation being such that the water in the tubes of the circulation section keeps the tubes fully wetted while steam develops in that water. The water from the tubes of the once-through section discharges into the drum as does the water circulating back from the tubes of the circulation section.

Abstract: A steam generator for converting water to steam by the transfer of heat from a heating medium includes two or more water/steam circuits. Each water/steam circuit has at least one evaporator for transferring the heat from the heating medium to the water. A single water/steam drum receives steam or water and steam from the evaporators. A descending pipe has at least one bypass, from which the supply pipes of the respective water/steam circuits branch off, and a venturi device in the area of the bypass. The inlet opening of the supply pipe of at least one water/steam circuit is disposed in the area of diffuser-shaped outlet of the venturi device such that the supply pipe section acts as a dynamic compression pipe in order to increase the pressure of the working medium in this circuit.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for operating a closed hot water installation provided with a pipe system, a boiler, heat exchangers, an expansion tank, a water make-up provision and a de-aerator, the method including the steps of opening a non-return valve to allow air to escape, detecting a water level in the de-aerator, feeding water to the closed installation when the level falls below a predetermined level, blocking opening of the non-return valve until the water level has fallen to a first level and starting the feed of water when a second lower level is reached.

Abstract: A heating system for heating liquids, stored in a tank at low ambient temperature, has a heating chamber with an inlet and an outlet for convectively flowing liquid past a flameless heater. Cold liquid is drawn through an inlet line, from the tank near its base and into a heating chamber, absorbs radiant energy from the heater as it travels therethrough. Heated liquid is circulated into the tank through an upper outlet from the heating chamber and back into the tank. Preferably, the heated liquid reenters the tank through a floating discharge flexibly connected to the upper outlet so as to remain dynamically in contact with the liquid at all times, thus avoiding airlocks which would interrupt the convective flow of liquid through the heating system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of heating a liquid medium by means of a first thermal system (2, 3, 4, 7, 12, 13) and at least one second thermal system (5, 6, 6A, 15, 16) following said first thermal system (2, 3, 4, 7, 12, 13), which thermal systems each have at least one heat exchanger (2, 5) through which the medium flows, and which second thermal system (5, 6, 6A, 15, 16) is operated at a higher temperature level than the first thermal system (2, 3, 4, 7, 12, 13). The method is characterized in that, for the accelerated raising of the temperature of the medium in the first thermal system (2, 3, 4, 7, 12, 13), the direct feed of the medium to the same is reduced and in the extreme case prevented, and in that medium flowing through the first thermal system (2, 3, 4, 7, 12, 13) is directed in a circuit. The invention also relates to a plant for carrying out the method.

Abstract: A waste heat boiler for cooling hot syngas in heat exchange with water under boiling pressure, consists of an outer pressure shell (1) having a water space (2) filled with boiling water up to a predetermined fluid level (4) and a steam space (3) above it. In the water space (2), heat exchanger tubes (5) are arranged, through which the syngas to be cooled flows. Downstream from the heat exchanger tubes (5) is a superheater for superheating the saturated steam generated by the boiling water. This superheater is positioned at least partially in the steam space (3) above the fluid level (4) and has straight tubes (7), through which the syngas coming from the heat exchanger tubes (5) flows and around which the steam exiting from the water space (2) circulates.

Abstract: A method of heating a liquid medium by means of a first thermal system and at least one second thermal system following the first thermal system and a plant for carrying out the method. The thermal systems each have at least one heat exchanger through which the medium flows, and the second thermal system is operated at a higher temperature level than the first thermal system. The method includes the reduction or prevention of the direct feed of the medium to the first thermal system for the accelerated raising of the temperature of the medium in the first thermal system. The medium flowing through the first thermal system is directed in a circuit.

Abstract: A condensing boiler includes a heat exchanger with a burner adjacent to the top of the heat exchanger. There is an exhaust for condensate adjacent to the bottom of the heat exchanger. There is a intake system including an air conduit, a fuel inlet and a fan which supplies a fuel/air mixture to the burner during a heating mode and which supplies air to the heat exchanger during an idle mode. There are controls which modulate the fan so that the air flow to the heat exchanger during the idle mode is sufficient to inhibit upward migration of condensate through the heat exchanger, but insufficient to cause significant outflow of air to the exhaust.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of heating a liquid medium by means of a first thermal system (2, 3, 4, 7, 12, 13) and at least one second thermal system (5, 6, 6A, 15, 16) following said first thermal system (2, 3, 4, 7, 12, 13), which thermal systems each have at least one heat exchanger (2, 5) through which the medium flows, and which second thermal system (5, 6, 6A, 15, 16) is operated at a higher temperature level than the first thermal system (2, 3, 4, 7, 12, 13). The method is characterized in that, for the accelerated raising of the temperature of the medium in the first thermal system (2, 3, 4, 7, 12, 13), the direct feed of the medium to the same is reduced and in the extreme case prevented, and in that medium flowing through the first thermal system (2, 3, 4, 7, 12, 13) is directed in a circuit. The invention also relates to a plant for carrying out the method.

Abstract: The invention is a gas fired water booster comprising a holding tank, a centrifugal pump, an infrared burner enclosed by a woven ceramic fiber sleeve, a primary and a secondary heat exchanger, and a gas/air supply source. Preferably, the tank and the burner are generally annular in shape and the burner is disposed substantially within the tank. An air/gas mixture is supplied to the burner by a blower and is ignited creating a combustion surface approximately one eighth of an inch above the surface of the woven ceramic fiber sleeve. Water is continuously circulated through the heat exchange system and the burner remains on until a temperature sensor indicates that the water has attained a temperature in the desired sanitizing range.

Abstract: A water and/or space heater is provided in which water is circulated to prevent the localized overheating or vaporization thereof.