Abstract: Each cylinder of a slanted, in-line, overhead valve, internal combustion engine has intake and exhaust valves with axes which extend radially from and perpendicular to the camshaft axis. The camshaft axis is above an inclined plane which includes the central axes of the cylinders, and the valve axes are mutually divergent to intersect this plane at different angles.

Abstract: A spark plug is located in a combustion chamber so as to decrease the combustion time of the charge inducted into the combustion chamber. The charge is formed, before inducted into the combustion chamber, by mixing an air-fuel mixture and substantially inert gas such as exhaust gas so that the weight ratio of the fuel combusted in the combustion chamber and the substantially inert gas falls within the range from 1:13.5 to 1:18.5 during normal engine operation.

Abstract: A cylinder head for internal combustion engines, especially Diesel engines, with at least one opening for a passage forming an inlet or outlet and leading to a combustion chamber. This opening which is adapted to be closed and opened by a valve is on that side thereof which faces in the direction toward the combustion chamber, provided with a valve seat ring fastened in the opening of the passage. Each valve seat ring is to its major extent conical with the basis of the cone pointing toward the combustion chamber while only that end of the valve seat ring which faces away from the combustion chamber is in a projecting manner fastened to the cylinder head.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is disclosed. The engine includes a power cylinder, a power piston reciprocating therein and being connected to a rotating output crank. A free floating double acting auxiliary piston reciprocates within an auxiliary cylinder. Passages connect the upper end of the auxiliary cylinder to a combustion chamber and a source of air. The exhaust from the combustion chamber is connected to the underside of the auxiliary piston through a valved passage. A return cylinder and a cushioning cylinder are coaxially aligned with the auxiliary cylinder at opposite ends thereof and open therein. Elongated pistons extend from the auxiliary piston and into the return cylinder and cushioning cylinder during reciprocation of the auxiliary piston. A gas transfer passage connects the return cylinder with the exhaust from the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A spark ignition reciprocatory internal combustion engine with dual induction system is provided in which at low and intermediate loads when only a primary throttle valve within a primary induction system opens, a primary intake port passage within a cylinder head will direct fluid charge into a combustion chamber in a cylinder to swirl therein as a primary intake valve opens, while, at high loads when a secondary throttle valve within a secondary induction system opens also, a secondary intake port passage within the cylinder head will direct fluid charge into the combustion chamber in the cylinder in such a direction as to impede and reduce the swirling motion of the fluid charge from the primary intake port passage as a secondary intake valve opens, thereby to maintain the volumetric efficiency of the engine at a sufficiently high level. The secondary intake valve is operated to open in synchronization with the opening of the primary intake valve.