Abstract: A brazing flux for aluminum material having superior suspension stability whose melting composition of the flux is composed of four elements of MxAlFyOz (where: x=0.5 to 2.0, y=1.5 to 4.8 and z=0.1 to 1.0), and a method of producing a brazing flux in which an amorphous aluminum hydroxide is employed as an aluminum raw material to prepare the flux.

Abstract: A solder paste mixture for soldering surface mount devices to a circuit board using a reflow soldering process which utilizes a vapor phase furnace. The solder paste mixture has a metallic content which is 63% tin and 37% lead. The metallic content of the paste consists of 150 micron particles of 100% tin and 150 micron particles of an alloy of 10% tin and 90% lead. Included in the process of soldering components to the circuit board is the step of prebaking the circuit board with solder paste and components in their proper place on the board.

Abstract: A chloride based galvanizing flux containing at least zinc chloride, ammonium chloride and a rare earth chloride. The rare earth chloride comprises between substantially 500 parts per million and substantially 10% by weight of said flux.

Abstract: Fluxes for use in brazing aluminum-based alloy pieces are disclosed. One is a flux which comprises 70 to 90% wt % K.sub.2 SiF.sub.6 and 30 to 10 wt % AlF.sub.3. The other is a flux which comprises 98.5 to 94 wt % base composition which includes K.sub.2 SiF.sub.6 whose amount is 70 to 90 wt % of the base composition and AlF.sub.3 whose amount is 30 to 10 wt % of the base composition; 0.5 to 3 wt % LiF; and 1 to 3 wt % NaF. In order to facilitate the application of the flux to the pieces to be brazed, polybutene is used as a dispersing agent.

Abstract: The instant flux and paste containing same are for brazing aluminum material. The flux consists essentially of a particulate blend of aluminum fluoride, potassium fluoride, and cesium chloride, or rubidium chloride or a mixture of cesium chloride and rubidium chloride, the fluorides being complexed with each other or not complexed or being a mixture of the complexed and not complexed fluorides. Lithium fluoride, preferably complexed with the other fluorides, is an optional ingredient. The weight fraction of the total fluorides is between about 1/10 and about 9/10, and the A1F.sub.3 -KF weight ratio is between about 4:1 to about 0.4:1.

Abstract: A flux for brazing is prepared from 31.5% to 56.2% of KF and 68.5% to 43.8% of at least one of .UPSILON.-AlF.sub.3 and finely divided .beta.-AlF.sub.3. The KF is dissolved in water, and the AlF.sub.3 is then placed into the resulting KF aqueous solution to react the KF with the AlF.sub.3. The reaction product is dried.

Abstract: The disclosed flux compositions contain by weight: from 80 to 90% of ZnCl.sub.2, from 10 to 20% of NH.sub.4 Cl and, based on the weight of ZnCl.sub.2 +NH.sub.4 Cl, from 0.01 to 5% of a wetting agent, from 0 to 5% of a forming agent, from 0 to 5% of a soluble salt of rare earths. The flux compositions according to the invention may be used as galvanization flux in the dry process with baths containing more than 0.15% of aluminum, particularly for baths of galvanization alloy containing 5% of aluminum, 95% of zinc and Mischmetall additions.

Abstract: A method and composition for stopping-off nitrogen and/or carbon diffusion into metal surfaces. The composition, which is a mixture of a refractory material selected from the group of zirconium and aluminosilicate, sodium silicofluoride and sodium silicate, is coated onto the metal surface where diffusion is to be prevented. The mixture is cured and the metal part is subjected to elevated temperatures for carburizing, nitriding, or carbonitriding. The coating prevents nitrogen and/or carbon diffusion at the coated area. After treatment the coating is removed.

Abstract: A pastelike additive used in the underwater arc welding to protect the weld and/or welding rod against the harmful effects of water. The additive contains the base material advantageously mixed with oily carrier liquid and comprising at least 10 percentages of weight one base material, advantageously a biomass with plenty of organic compounds, and possibly termitic agent, regulating agent for the pH-value of the additive, lighting agent, hydrogen removal agent and an agent to enhance the sufficiency. The additive according to the invention is characterized in that the ashless dry material of the biomass in the base material contains: 1 . . . 40, advantageously 10 . . . 13, percentages of weight amino acids; 0,5 . . . 10, advantageously 1,5 . . . 2,5, percentages of weight fatty acids; 50 . . . 98, advantageously 83 . . . 87, percentages of weight carbohydrates, preferably carbon compounds with large molecular sizes; and about 0,5 percentages of weight mineral substances and/or trace elements.

Abstract: A baked flux of high basicity for submerged arc welding which has a chemical composition suitable for use in universal combination with various types of welding wires in welding low alloying steels. The baked flux reduces the oxygen content and diffusible hydrogen content of the weld metal to form a weld metal having a high toughness, enables forming regular beads without causing weld defects such as lack of fusion and slag inclusion, and facilitates welding work. The performance of baked fluxes is described in comparison with that of the conventional baked fluxes.

Abstract: A flux for submerged-arc welding comprising a balanced combination of calcium fluoride, alumina, zirconia, cryolite, magnetite, manganese metal, nickel-niobium alloy, chromium-molybdenum alloy and alkali metal silicate binder.

Abstract: A solder paste contains solder plated copper spheres in addition to particulate solder and flux. The paste can be used to solder leadless component carriers or the like to printed circuit boards., After melting the solder, the copper spheres are embedded in the resulting solder matrix, offsetting the carrier from the printed circuit board.

Abstract: A heat exchanger core having a tube of aluminum material and heat transfer fins of aluminum material joined to each other with a brazing filler, which has at least part of the surface thereof coated with an inorganic sintered layer incorporating therein a pigment-containing phase of the two complexes of potassium hexafluoroaluminate and potassium tetrafluoroaluminate.

Abstract: A method of joining metal surfaces is provided which comprises contacting the metal surfaces with a zinc-based composition and joining the metal surfaces, the zinc-based composition comprising, by weight:from about 0.1 to about 4 percent copper;from about 0.1 to about 1 percent nickel;from about 0.01 to less than 0.5 percent aluminum;0 to about 0.5 percent chromium;0 to about 0.5 percent titanium; and the remainder being zinc is also provided. The composition is useful for coating metal surfaces, particularly metals formed of or containing copper.The above composition and method may be used with or without a flux. Particularly beneficial results are obtained when a flux having a composition comprising, by weight:from about 5 to about 70 percent ZnCl.sub.2 ;from about 1 to about 28 percent NH.sub.4 Cl;from about 0.1 to about 10 percent SnCl.sub.2 ;from about 0 to about 10 percent HCl;from about 0 to about 10 percent Li.sub.2 B.sub.4 O.sub.7 ;from about 0 to about 5 percent MgBr.sub.

Abstract: Halogen-free foam fluxes for mechanized soft soldering of heavy metals consisting of a solvent, an activator based on one or more dicarboxylic acids having from 4 to 12 carbon atoms, optionally rosin and/or further additives, and a foaming agent having an activator content of less than 3.5% by weight, a content of rosin and/or further conventional additives of less than 2% by weight, a content of the foaming agent of from 0.2 to 3% by weight, and a total contents of solids and foaming agent of less than 6% by weight.

Abstract: A flux for brazing material comprising cesium fluoroaluminate or a mixture thereof with aluminum fluoride, and having an aluminum fluoride/cesium fluoride molar ratio of 67/33 to 26/74.

Abstract: An agglomerated submerged arc welding flux which offers the advantages of an agglomerated flux, namely lower cost, increased impact strength, greater formulation flexibility and operator appeal while, in other respects, performing like a fused flux, namely providing: high speed; high penetration; and low bead profile characteristics. The flux contains relatively large amounts of calcium oxide and titanium dioxide as essential ingredients together with other known fluxing ingredients in lesser amounts.

Abstract: An agglomerated submerged arc welding flux which results in low weld metal oxygen and the concomitant high impact values while retaining the good welding characteristics of the lower basicity (acid) fluxes such as welding at higher speeds on various joint configurations with less undercutting and slag entrapment along with good slag removal. The flux contains high percentages of calcium fluoride and aluminum oxide in combination with other ingredients having a limited amount of available oxygen and sufficient acid components to lower the basicity index of the flux below 1.25. Additionally, no potent deoxidizers such as magnesium, titanium or aluminum are required.

Abstract: A brazing flux having a composition corresponding to 0 (not inclusive) to 62 mol % of potassium fluoride, 2 to 74 (not inclusive) mol % of cesium fluoride and 26 to 67 mol % of aluminum fluoride, said flux including potassium and cesium as fluoro-aluminum-complexes and not including free cesium fluoride and potassium fluoride, thus having a melting starting point within the range of 440.degree.-580.degree. C.

Abstract: A filler containing easily oxidizable elements such as aluminum, titanium, zirconium, rare earth metals as well as a powder combination containing fluorides and carbonates is used for fusion welding steel, nickel and cobalt alloys and corresponding castings containing easily oxidizable elements. The ratio of the dry weight of all fluorides to the dry weight of the alkaline earth carbonates in the powder combination is at least 2.2:1.

Abstract: A soldering composition containing at least 85% and less than 90% by weight of finely divided solder metal and a minor portion of a vehicle for the solder metal, consisting essentially of a rosin-type flux, a thickening agent and a minor portion, about 2 to about 7%, of a fluorinated tertiary alkylamine, particularly a perfluorotrihexyl amine. During vapor-phase soldering, the amine component is washed from the solder composition, leaving solder metal, rosin-type flux and thickening agent, in the remaining composition, the composition at this stage containing about 90% solder metal, and yielding dense solder joints, essentially no solder balls, and minimal residue.

Abstract: A solder composition containing a small amount of aluminum added to the solder metal, to avoid cracking of solder joints in electronic circuits, particularly densely packed microelectronic circuits, during thermal cycling. The solder composition comprises 85 to 90% of total solder metal and 10 to 15% of a vehicle for the solder metal, the solder metal containing about 0.2 to about 3% of particulate aluminum, by weight of the solder metal.

Abstract: A zinc-based composition comprising, by weight:from about 0.1 to 4 percent copper;from about 0.1 to about 1 percent nickel;from about 0.01 to less than 0.5 percent aluminum;0 to about 0.5 percent chromium;0 to about 0.5 percent titanium; and the remainder being zinc is provided. The composition is useful for coating or joining metal surfaces, particularly metals formed of or containing copper.The above composition may be used with or without a flux. Particularly beneficial results are obtained when a flux having a composition comprising, by weight:from about 5 to about 70 percent ZnCl.sub.2 ;from about 1 to about 28 percent NH.sub.4 Cl;from about 0.1 to about 10 percent SnCl.sub.2 ;from about 0 to about 10 percent HCl;from about 0 to about 10 percent Li.sub.2 B.sub.4 O.sub.7 ;from about 0 to about 5 percent MgBr.sub.2 ;from about 0 to about 5 percent ZnBr.sub.2 ; and about 0 to about 94 percent water is used.

Abstract: Method of brazing aluminum or aluminum alloy parts, using a flux which is made from an eutectic of BaCl.sub.2, NaCl, and KCl as a base, and one or more of fluorides as an activating agent. On account of the flux being not deliquescent, the brazing method can be carried in an atmosphere which is free from oxygen. Flux residues are easily removable in this invention.

Abstract: A refractory article for casting of liquid melts, especially steel, fabricated from a mixture of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, graphite, a flux component, a synthetic resin binder and a metallic powder. The flux component contains a first flux with a melting point from 550.degree. to 900.degree. C. and a second flux that becomes active in the mixture in a temperature ranging from 1350.degree. and 1550.degree. C. The refractory article need not be heated before use, and the carbon contained therein, which determines the strength of the article, is retained for a much longer period during use, so that the article will have a long service life.

Abstract: In a method of brazing aluminum material, the flux is formed on the surface of the aluminum material by a chemical conversion coating step. The aluminum material is brought into contact with a treating solution containing potassium and fluorine ions to cause a chemical reaction between aluminum components and potassium and fluorine ions, thereby forming K.sub.2 AlF.sub.5. The K.sub.2 AlF.sub.5 is present on the surface of the aluminum material as a uniform coating and acts as the flux during brazing. With the treating solution further containing zinc, the flux of K.sub.2 AlF.sub.5 and a pitting corrosion inhibiting layer of metallic zinc are simultaneously formed. The treating solution may further include powdered K.sub.2 AlF.sub.5 or AlF.sub.3 to increase the amount of flux and thus to intensify the action of the flux. The chemical conversion coating may be applied either to the material to be brazed or to the material for brazing.

Abstract: There is provided an inorganic salt-free, anhydrous, noncorrosive powdered solder metal paste and vehicle therefor which vehicle is characterized by the presence therein of a nonaqueous resinous binder and a nonaqueous organic liquid composition having a surface tension or surface energy of from 43 to 65 dynes/cm. and higher at 20.degree. C. When powdered solder metal or powdered solder metal alloy is distributed in such a vehicle in an amount sufficient to form a paste, a deposit will not undergo hot slump at elevated temperatures. The pastes and vehicles are free of inorganic metal salts.

Abstract: A flux for brazing the aluminum parts characterized by comprising 5 to 95 wt. % of K.sub.2 AlF.sub.5 or K.sub.2 AlF.sub.5.H.sub.2 O and the remainder of KAlF.sub.4 and preparing method of the same.

Abstract: A welding flux which forms a weld metal simultaneously satisfying low-oxygen, low-nitrogen, and low-hydrogen contents, gives weld beads in good form, and joins given metal pieces without entailing weld defects is obtained by formulating the flux in a composition such that a four-component system used therein is formed of CaO, MgO, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, and SiO.sub.2 in the following proportions based on the total amount of the system taken as unity (100%),CaO: 10 to 60%MgO: Not more than 30%Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 : 20 to 70%SiO.sub.2 : 5 to 40%that the total amount of the four components accounts for not less than 35% of the total weight of the flux less the CO.sub.2 component thereof, that the composition incorporates therein CaF.sub.2 in an amount of from 25 to 65% of the total weight of the flux less the CO.sub.

Abstract: A flux for the submerged arc welding of aluminum-bronze comprises a granular mixture of cryolite and a binder. The flux preferably also contains alumina. A method for the submerged arc welding of aluminum-bronze employing the flux is disclosed.

Abstract: There is provided an inorganic salt-free, anhydrous, noncorrosive powdered solder metal paste and vehicle therefor which vehicle is characterized by the presence therein of a flux and a nonaqueous organic liquid having a surface tension or surface energy of from 43 to 65 dynes/cm. and higher at 20.degree. C. When powdered solder metal or powdered solder metal alloy is distributed in such a vehicle in an amount sufficient to form a paste, a deposit will not undergo hot slump at elevated temperatures. The pastes and vehicles are free of inorganic metal salts.

Abstract: There is provided a nonaqueous powdered metal paste composition and a vehicle therefor, characterized by resistance to slumping upon heating to the fusion point of the metal, fusion point being above 500.degree. C., including the powdered metal, and an organic material having a surface tension of from 43 to 65 or higher dynes/cm. at 20.degree. C.

Abstract: Filler compositions based on manganese and manganese-nickel for the welding of cast iron are disclosed. The filler compositions contain about 15 to 50% manganese and 10 to 35% nickel. The filler compositions may be incorporated into a welding rod or a flux.

Abstract: Novel solder composition or solder cream, particularly adapted for high speed soldering of components in electronic circuits, whereby movement of components is avoided and essentially no solder balls are formed, comprising between 10 and 14% of a vehicle and between 86 and 90% of solder metal dispersed in the vehicle, preferably employing solder metal of particle size ranging from about 40 to about 70 microns, and utilizing as solvent in the vehicle a low volatile high molecular weight alcohol, preferably a primary aliphatic monoalcohol containing about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, e.g., cetyl alcohol, in an amount of about 10 to about 50% by weight of the vehicle.

Abstract: A welding flux binder is provided which comprises an alkali-alkaline earth silicate hydrolyzed and polymerized from tetraalkylorthosilicate, Si(OR).sub.4, wherein R is --CH.sub.3, --C.sub.2 H.sub.5, or --C.sub.3 H.sub.7, and alkali and alkaline earth salts. The reaction product of the tetraalkylorthosilicate and metal salts, M.sub.2 O.M'O.SiO.sub.2, where M is potassium, sodium or lithium, and M' is magnesium, calcium or barium, has several advantages as a welding flux binder. For example, it is not hygroscopic and can be prepared at low temperatures since the alkali ions lower the melting point for viscous sintering of the gel phase. Because of the low temperature processing, a wide variety of solid additives with low thermal stability, such as some metals, carbonates, and fluorides, can be incorporated into the flux. Other dopants may also be readily incorporated into the binder during the gel phase.

Abstract: A flux bath and its use in treating ferrous articles prior to their being dipped in a molten aluminum-zinc alloy is disclosed. The flux may be molten bath or used as an aqueous solution which contains from 200 to 750 g/l dissolved solids. The dissolved solids are 91 to 98.5 wt. % zinc chloride, 1.5 to 9 wt. % ammonium chloride and, based on zinc chloride and ammonium chloride, from 0.6 to 3 wt. % fluoride ions.

Abstract: In the brazing of aluminum a flux composed of a mixture of alkali metal fluoaluminates, with or without admixed AlF.sub.3, is employed. The flux has a composition of AlF.sub.3 about 53-62%, KF about 35-44%, and LiF about 2-7%, in terms of simple compounds. The flux has a liquidus temperature in the range of 490.degree.-560.degree. C. depending on its actual composition. The flux is of particular utility when brazing aluminum containing 0.4-2% magnesium and/or having a low solidus temperature and is preferably employed in an atmosphere of a dry, inert gas.

Abstract: An essentially nonaqueous, water-rinsible, readily fusible vehicle for paste of powdered solder is comprised of a dispersion of flux consisting essentially of alkali metal hydroxide in liquid polyol and water soluble, normally solid synthetic wax.

Abstract: When the invented flux is applied to an inclined welding, especially high speed welding of more than 3 m/min of a spiral welded pipe, desired shapes of beads may be obtained without creating so-called under-cut or excessive concave, whereby speed-up of the welding could be expected in the spiral seam, so that the producing efficiency is exactly increased in the spiral welded steel pipe production.

Abstract: In a tubular composite electrode for depositing stainless steel or nickel-base alloy weld metal, satisfactory performance in vertical up welding is achieved through the inclusion in the electrode core of a slag mix comprising 15 to 60% weight percent zirconium dioxide.

Abstract: An improved solder/braze-stop composition is impervious to splattered or flowed solder/braze material, is easily coated without streaking, is easily removed and leaves no contaminant residue. The improved solder/braze-stop composition comprises by weight:40-57% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 powder;27-43% Methyl Isobutyl Ketone; and12-22% of a vehicle comprising by weight:15-20% Ethyl Cellulose;75-80% 2- (2-Butoxyethoxy) Ethyl Acetate; and,5-10% Oleoyl Sarcosine.

Abstract: A flux composition suitable for electro-slag over-lay welding a stainless steel on a circumferential inner surface of a cylindrical vessel with a strip electrode under controlling a flow of molten slag and metal with an outer electro-magnetic field, which contains 50-60% by weight of CaF.sub.2, 10-20% by weight of SiO.sub.2, 5-25% by weight of CaO and 10-30% by weight of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 in a ratio of SiO.sub.2 /CaF.sub.2 of at least 0.20 and a ratio of CaO/SiO.sub.2 of at least 0.50.

Abstract: Basic bonded fluxes for submerged arc welding consisting of a mixture of a slag forming composition, a gas forming composition and metal powders, in which a volume contraction of the weld slag is remarkable in the cooling process after the solidification of the weld slag and the removal of slag in the groove is easy, contain 5 to 20% by weight of BaO, not more than 10% by weight of CaO, 20 to 50% by weight of MgO, 6 to 25% by weight of SiO.sub.2, 3 to 15% by weight of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and 7 to 18% by weight of CaF.sub.2 as the slag forming composition, a value of basicity shown by a ratio of the basic component and the acidic component being 2.3 to 4.5, the above described contents of BaO, CaO and MgO including amounts corresponding to the values obtained by calculating an amount of carbonates of these metals which are incorporated as the gas forming composition, as oxides and further contain 10 to 60% by weight of metal carbonates as the gas forming composition.

Abstract: A flux for overlay welding, essentially containing by weight 30-70% of CaF.sub.2, 10-30% of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, 1-15% of CaO, 5-25% of SiO.sub.2 and 5-25% of MgO such that the total amount of CaF.sub.2, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, CaO, SiO.sub.2 and MgO is greater than 70%, while satisfying the conditions of MgO/(Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 +SiO.sub.2).gtoreq.0.20, MgO/SiO.sub.2 .ltoreq.2.0 and MgO/Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .ltoreq.2.0.

Abstract: A nickel-base welding electrode is provided comprising a nickel core and a metallic powder-laden flux coating bonded thereto, the total composition of the electrode comprising about 40% to 50% by weight of the nickel core and about 60% to 50% by weight of the coating. The coating contains as fluxes about 18% to 30% titanium dioxide, about 8% to 16% calcium fluoride, about 1% to 3% iron carbonate, about 1.5% to 4% calcium carbonate, about 2% to 6% calcium-magnesium carbonate, and contains as the powdered metals about 20% to 30% chromium, about 3% to 8% manganese, about 1% to 4% molybdenum, about 1% to 5% niobium, about 8% to 18% iron, 0% to about 6% nickel, up to 1% graphite, and as extrusion aids about 1% to 4% clay and about 1% to 5% organic extrusion aid material.

Abstract: A granular flux is made by intimately mixing a particulate glass frit with carbon black. The glass frit typically employed has a particle size distribution such that substantially all of the frit material has a particle size within the range of 0.5 to 4 mm. The carbon black is included in the flux in an amount of from 1 to 10 wt. %, based on the amount of the frit used. The disclosed flux is characterized by good flowability and its ability to remain mixed during transport.

Abstract: A welding process for joining aluminum materials in a horizontal welding position, without preheating, this process being highly economical and characterized by minimal environmental pollution, good strength and toughness of the welded joint, in which process the arc, as in submerged arc welding of steel plates, is covered by a flux layer and burns in a closed cavity, this process being realized by the use of a flux having a flux composition of 20-70% potassium chloride (KCl), 20-70% of an alkaline earth metal chloride, preferably calcium chloride and/or magnesium chloride (CaCl.sub.2 and/or MgCl.sub.2), 1-20% of calcium fluoride (CaF.sub.2) and preferably 1-15% of a substance capable of lowering the melting point and/or releasing gas.

Abstract: A coated electrode for arc welding, comprising a steel wire core having a flux coating therein, the flux consisting essentially of 6-24% of TiO.sub.2, 2-15% of MgO, 10-30% of SiO.sub.2, 5-15% of Mn, 1-6% of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, 20-60% of iron powder, not more than 2.5% of iron oxide and 0.5-2.5% of an organic component and having a weight ratio of MgO/(TiO.sub.2 +Al.sub.2 O.sub.3) in the range of 0.15-0.7, and a binder for the flux.

Abstract: An agglomerated welding flux especially designed to produce tandem arc seam welds having low profiles, increased penetration, and minimal undercutting. The flux includes: aluminum oxide and silicon dioxides in the form of kyanite; magnesium oxide; and, manganese oxide.

Abstract: There is provided an inorganic salt-free, anhydrous, noncorrosive powdered solder metal paste and vehicle therefor which vehicle is characterized by the presence therein of a flux and a nonaqueous organic liquid having a surface tension or surface energy of from 43 to 65 dynes/cm. and higher at 20.degree.C. When powdered solder metal or powdered solder metal alloy is distributed in such a vehicle in an amount sufficient to form a paste, a deposit will not undergo hot slump at elevated temperatures. The pastes and vehicles are free of inorganic metal salts.