Abstract: Provided is an annealing separator with which a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet having a forsterite film with excellent appearance uniformity and adhesion can be obtained. The annealing separator for grain-oriented electrical steel sheet comprises: magnesia that contains 0.05 mass % or more and 0.20 mass % or less of B, a phosphate in 0.1 parts by mass or more and 1.0 part by mass or less in terms of P per 100 parts by mass of the magnesia, and titanium oxide in 1.0 part by mass or more and 10.0 parts by mass or less per 100 parts by mass of the magnesia where the titanium oxide contains one or more types of alkali metals in a total amount of 0.050 mass % or more and 1.0 mass % or less, where an amount of P adsorbed on per 1 g of the titanium oxide is 1.0×10?4 g or less.

Abstract: Provided is a flux which is rosin-free and contains 50% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less of 2,4-diethyl-1,5-pentanediol, more than 0% by mass and less than 50% by mass of a solvent, 1% by mass or more and 15% by mass or less of an organic acid, wherein the total amount of the 2,4-diethyl-1,5-pentanediol and the solvent is 83% by mass or more and 99% by mass or less. This flux does not require washing with an organic detergent when transferred to solder balls is provided.

Abstract: A method and system for motion control of movers in an independent cart system is disclosed. In one implementation, the independent cart system includes a plurality of movers, a track including a path, and a controller coupled to the track. Each of the plurality of movers includes at least one drive magnet, and each track segment includes a plurality of drive coils and a drive coupled to the plurality of drive coils. The controller defines a queue zone for the path, the queue zone having one or more target positions; defines a circular pointer queue for the queue zone; associating the circular pointer queue with the one or more target positions of the queue zone; circulating the circular pointer queue when a lead mover leaves the queue zone; and moves the movers through the queue zone based on the circular pointer queue.

Abstract: The present application describes an article having a first metal component joined to a second metal component by a metallurgic joint of presintered powdered metal interposed between contiguous surfaces of the first metal component and the second metal component. The present application also describes a composition for use in a brazing process comprising a presintered powdered metal. The present application also describes a process for brazing including the following steps: presintering a powdered metal; adding the presintered powdered metal to a first and second metal component; and heating the combination of the first and second metal components containing the presintered powdered metal until the powdered metal melts and joins the metal components to form a metallurgic joint.

Abstract: A bonding material of a silver paste contains: fine silver particles having an average primary particle diameter of 1 to 200 nm, each of the fine silver particles being coated with an organic compound having a carbon number of not greater than 8, such as sorbic acid; and a solvent mixed with the fine silver particles, wherein a diol, such as an octanediol, is used as the solvent and wherein a triol having a boiling point of 200 to 300° C., a viscosity of 2,000 to 10,000 mPa·s at 20° C. and at least one methyl group, such as 3-methylbutane-1,2,3-triol or 2-methylbutane-1,2,4-triol, is mixed with the solvent as an addition agent.

Abstract: A conductive composition that is sinterable comprises (i) micron- or submicron-sized silver flakes or powders and (ii) a fluxing agent, or an oxygenated solvent, or a peroxide. The composition can be used to adhere semiconductor dies with silver backing to copper-, silver-, or gold lead-frames at sintering temperatures of ?250° C. without the application of pressure.

Abstract: A system and method for heat-treating a titanium part. The system may include foil, adhesive tape, and a localized heat source. The foil may include two sheets of foil made of a material more reactive (more prone to oxidize) than the titanium part, and the localized heat source may include a heating element mostly surrounded by insulation. The method may include taping the foil to opposing sides of the titanium part, thus sealing a portion of the titanium part to be heat treated from external atmosphere. The method may also include heating and placing the localized heat source near or against the foil until heat treating is complete. A small amount of air remaining between the heated foil and the titanium part has a preferential reaction with the foil, since it is more reactive than the titanium part. This prevents oxidation of the titanium part during localized heat treating.

Abstract: Embodiments provide a method of producing micro-sized Si—C composites or doped Si—C and Si alloy-C with interconnected nanoscle Si and C building blocks through converting commercially available SiOx (0<x<2) to a silicon framework by calcination, followed by etching and then by carbon filling by thermal deposition of gas containing organic molecules that have carbon atoms.

Abstract: A chromium-free treating liquid and treatment methods which are for imparting to a zinc or zinc alloy deposit a coating film which is highly corrosion-resistant, has a uniform appearance free from sag stains/puddle stains, has no failure concerning thickness unevenness, and has satisfactory adhesion. The surface-treating aqueous solution, which is for forming a corrosion-resistant coating film over a zinc or zinc alloy deposit, is characterized by comprising (a) an alkali metal silicate (M2O.nSiO2 (wherein M represents an alkali metal and n indicates SiO2/M2O molar ratio)), (b) a water-soluble or water-dispersible silane coupling agent, and (c) a water-soluble or water-dispersible glycidyl ether compound. One of the surface treatment methods for forming a highly corrosion-resistant coating film over a zinc or zinc alloy deposit includes bringing the surface of the zinc or zinc alloy deposit into contact with the surface-treating aqueous solution.

Abstract: The invention relates to chromium- and cobalt-free treatment solutions for producing black coatings which afford corrosion protection. The treatment solution of the invention contains oxo cations or complex halogen ions or mixtures of oxo cations and complex halogen ions, an oxidant and an organic sulphur compound.

Abstract: The present invention provides a blackening treatment method for a black Cr—Co alloy plating film, the method comprising bringing a black Cr—Co alloy plating film having a Cr content of 1 to 15 wt. % into contact with a blackening treatment solution comprising an aqueous solution with a pH value of ?1 to 5. According to the present invention, the blackish color of a less blackish plating film formed from a plating bath containing trivalent chromium is enhanced to further improve decorativeness. Furthermore, the corrosion resistance of the film can be more improved by performing electrolytic chromate treatment after blackening treatment.

Abstract: A method for coupling ends of two insulated conductors includes coupling a core of a first insulated conductor to a core of a second insulated conductor. Exposed portions of the cores are located inside a box with an open top. Electrically insulating powder material is placed into the box and a first plunger is inserted through the open top of the box to compact the powder material. Additional electrically insulating powder material is placed into the box and a second plunger is inserted through the open top of the box to compact the powder material into compacted powder material that surrounds the exposed portions of the cores. The compacted powder material is formed into a substantially cylindrical shape. A sleeve is placed over the compacted powder material and coupling the sleeve to the jackets of the insulated conductors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a corrosion-protection system suitable for producing aqueous metal treatment and metal processing fluids, particularly corrosion-protection, cleaning and cooling lubricant emulsions. The corrosion-protection system comprises carbonic and/or phosphonic acids, as well as at least one amine with at least one oxybis(alkylamine) unit. Such corrosion-protection systems effectively protect metal surfaces from corrosion and have a high level of water solubility, which is essential for formulating aqueous concentrates for metal treatment and metal processing fluids. The present invention further relates to an aqueous surface-active and corrosion-protecting preparation containing the corrosion protection system and an emulsifier system, as well as an oil-containing water-miscible emulsion concentrate, which supplies the ready-to-use corrosion-protection, cleaning and cooling lubricant emulsions by dilution with water.

Abstract: The invention relates to a wet-chemical pretreatment of zinc surfaces prior to applying a corrosion-protection coating, which deposits a thin inorganic coating of oxide and/or metallic iron. An iron layer structure which is applied according to the invention, hereinafter referred to as ferrization, improves the achievable corrosion protection of wet-chemical conversion coatings on zinc surfaces. Furthermore, the ferrization process causes both a reduction of the contact corrosion of joined metal components which have zinc and iron surfaces as well as a reduction of corrosive coating migration on cut edges of galvanized steel strips with coating layer structures. In particular, the invention relates to an alkaline composition containing an iron ion source, a reducing agent based on oxoacids of nitrogen and phosphorus, and water-soluble organic carboxylic acids with an amino group at the ?, ?, or ? position with respect to the acid group and/or the water-soluble salts thereof.

Abstract: A zinc or zinc alloy coated steel sheet has a surface-treatment film formed thereon in a coating weight per one surface of 100 to 600 mg/m2. The surface-treatment film is obtained by applying, onto a surface of the zinc or zinc alloy coated steel sheet, the surface-treatment solution prepared by mixing the following components at specific ratios, the surface-treatment solution having pH of 8 to 10: a silane compound (A) having a hydrolyzable group, obtained from a silane coupling agent (a1) having a glycidyl group, a tetraalkoxysilane (a2), and a chelating agent (a3); a zirconium carbonate compound (B); a vanadate compound (C); a nitric compound (D); and water, and by subsequently heating and drying the surface-treatment solution thus applied.

Abstract: An annealing separator for a grain oriented electrical steel sheet does not inhibit the flowability of an atmospheric gas during the final annealing of the coil-shaped product and can prevent the occurrence of surface roughness. The annealing separator contains 0.01-0.05 mass % of Cl, 0.05-0.15 mass % of B, 0.1-2 mass % of CaO and 0.03-1.0 mass % of P2O3, and is mainly composed of magnesia having: a degree of activity of citric acid of 30-120 seconds as measured at 40% CAA; a specific surface area of 8-50 m2/g as measured by a BET method; an amount of hydration of 0.5-5.2 mass % as measured in terms of ignition loss; and a content of particles each having a particle diameter of 45 ?m or more of 0.1 mass % or less, the annealing separator further containing a water-insoluble compound having a particle diameter of 45-150 ?m inclusive in an amount of 0.05-20 mass % inclusive.

Abstract: A chemical conversion treatment agent for surface treatment of a metal substrate, comprising: at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of zirconium, titanium, and hafnium; fluorine element; and a co-condensate of a silane coupling agent (A) and a silane coupling agent (B), wherein the silane coupling agent (A) is a silane coupling agent having a tri- or di-alkoxysilane group and an amino group, and the silane coupling agent (B) is a silane coupling agent represented by the following general formula (1): [in the formula, R represents an alkylene groups having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or the like, Z represents a cyclohexyl group optionally having an epoxy group or the like, a, b, and c each represent an integer of 0 to 3, provided that a sum of a, b, and c is 3, and a sum of a and b is 2 to 3, and x represents an integer of 1 to 3].

Abstract: A surface treating composition for copper or a copper alloy comprising an imidazole compound and means for using the composition in the soldering of electronic parts to printed wiring boards are disclosed.

Abstract: An aqueous acidic composition is provided for forming a chromium-containing chemical conversion coating on a member having an iron-based metal surface. The composition contains a water-soluble trivalent chromium-containing substance, a water-soluble zinc-containing substance, and a water-soluble polyvalent carboxylic acid compound. On the total composition basis, the water-soluble trivalent chromium-containing substance has a content of 60 mmol/L or more in terms of chromium, the water-soluble zinc-containing substance has a molar content in terms of zinc such that a ratio of the content is 0.6 or more to a molar content in terms of chromium of the water-soluble trivalent chromium-containing substance, and the water-soluble polyvalent carboxylic acid compound has a content of 55 mmol/L or more in terms of polyvalent carboxylic acid.

Abstract: To provide solder paste that can be filled in minute apertures. The solder paste that is printed on a substrate through a mask member in which apertures are formed is supplied to the apertures of the mask member under decompression pressure and has a viscosity so that the solder paste is filled in the apertures under atmospheric pressure. It is preferable that the solder paste has a viscosity of 50 through 150 Pa·s and a thixotropic ratio of 0.3 through 0.5. Further, the solder paste is obtained by mixing a flux containing solvent having a boiling point such that volatilization thereof is suppressed under the decompression pressure and solder powders. It is preferable that in the flux, the solvent having the boiling point of 240° C. or more is used and the solvent is octanediol.

Abstract: A trivalent-chromium chemical conversion coating from which substantially no hexavalent chromium is released. The trivalent-chromium chemical conversion coating is one formed on the surface of a zinc or zinc-alloy deposit. In a brine spray test, the chemical conversion coating has unsusceptibility to corrosion (time required for white-rust formation) of 96 hours or longer. The chemical conversion coating has a hexavalent-chromium concentration less than 0.01 ?g/cm in terms of metal atom amount. The amount of hexavalent chromium released after 30-day standing in a thermo-hygrostatic chamber at a temperature of 80° C. and a humidity of 95% (amount of hexavalent chromium released when the coating is immersed in 100° C. water for 10 minutes) is smaller than 0.05 ?g/cm2.

Abstract: An aqueous composition for forming a chemical conversion layer on a metal surface, wherein the composition contains at least one active component for the formation of the chemical conversion layer, as well as at least one thickener, and has a viscosity in the range between 10 mPa*s and 10000 mPa*s.

Abstract: A surface treating composition for copper or a copper alloy comprising an imidazole compound and means for using the composition in the soldering of electronic parts to printed wiring boards are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention concerns a solution for pretreating copper surfaces, and a method for pre-treating copper surfaces allowing the formation of a tight bond to plastic substrates. The solution comprises: a) hydrogen peroxide, b) at least one acid, and c) at least one nitrogen-containing, five-membered, heterocyclic compound, and d) additionally at least one nitrogen containing, adhesion-promoting compound, said compound comprising, or consisting of, lactams, non-quaternary fatty amines, amides and polyamides, connected at one or more of its nitrogen atoms with at least one residue of formula (I).

Abstract: An aqueous conversion coating composition for treating steel substrates to provide a conversion coating thereon. The conversion coating composition comprises a) a source of aluminum ions; b) hexafluorozirconic acid or its salts; c) at least one pH adjuster; and d) optionally, a surfactant. The conversion coating composition provides a corrosion resistant coating on the metal surface and improves the adhesion of subsequently applied layers.

Abstract: A brazing filler metal powder is provided for brazing thin stainless steel parts together with reduced erosion. The brazing filler metal powder is formed by processing first metal particles, which typically comprise a nickel-based alloy including chromium, phosphorous, silicon, to a particle size of not greater than 0.0098 inch; providing second metal particles, typically consisting of copper, molybdenum, or cobalt; combining the first metal particles with the second metal particles by mixing and/or, milling, or sintering; and processing the combined composition to a particle size of not greater than 0.0098 inch. The first and second metal particles are less than fully alloyed together and are distinct from one another. A preferred composition of the brazing filler metal powder is 26.1 wt. % chromium, 5.4 wt. % phosphorous, 5.9 wt. % silicon, 10.0 wt. % cobalt, and a balance essentially of nickel.

Abstract: A molten-salt bath for nitriding mechanical steel parts, essentially consisting of the following (the contents being expressed in wt %): 25 to 60 wt % of alkali-metal chlorides; 10 to 40 wt % of alkali-metal carbonates; 20 to 50 wt % of alkali-metal cyanates; and a maximum of 3 wt % of cyanide ions (formed during the use of the bath), wherein the total of the contents is 100 wt %. Preferably, the bath contains: 25 to 30 wt % of sodium cyanate; 25 to 30 wt % of sodium carbonate and lithium carbonate; 40 to 50 wt % of potassium chlorides; and a maximum of 3 wt % of cyanide ions (formed during the use of the bath), the total of the contents being 100 wt %.

Abstract: An annealing separator for manufacturing grain-oriented silicon steel with mirror-like surface having good magnetic performance consists of the composition of which is 77˜98 by wt % of Al2O3 powder, 1˜8 by wt % of alkaline earth powder, 1˜15 by wt % of alkali metal chloride and/or alkaline earth metal chloride. The annealing separator of the invention can avoid forming a glass-film undercoating on the surface of the steel sheet during high-temperature annealing, and at the same time, the oxide embedded at near-surface of the sheet is removed by means of corrosive reaction of the chloride, so that a produce with smooth surface and stable magnetic performance is obtained.

Abstract: Solder alloy based on nickel is composed of a mixture with a first soldering material, a second soldering material, and a base material, wherein the base material is a nickel-based material which corresponds to the material to be soldered and is present in a proportion of 45-70% by weight in the mixture, the first soldering material is a nickel-based material including chromium, cobalt, tantalum, aluminum and boron, and is present in a proportion of 15-30% by weight in the mixture, and the second soldering material is a nickel-based material including chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, tungsten, boron and hafnium, and is present in a proportion of 15-25% by weight in the mixture.

Abstract: A composition for diffusion surface alloying of ferrocarbon alloys with chromium, consisting essentially of, by weight, about 25%-40% ferrochromium; about 54%-74% aluminum oxide or mixtures of aluminum oxide, silicon oxide and magnesium oxide in a weight ratio of about 3:2:1; about 1%-3% ammonium chloride; and a reducing agent consisting essentially of about 0.1%-3% aluminum, about 0.1%-2% silicon, about 0.1%-1.5% magnesium, or about 0.1%-3% of a mixture of aluminum, silicon and magnesium in a weight ratio of about 3:2:1. A method for diffusion surface alloying of a ferrocarbon workpiece with chromium, comprising providing the above composition; exposing the workpiece to the composition; and heating the workpiece and composition for sufficient time and temperature to form a chromium containing diffusion layer on the surface of the workpiece.

Abstract: A binding agent includes 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, alkylphenol ethoxylate, acetic acid and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate. The surface treatment method using the binding agent and articles manufactured by the method is also provided.

Abstract: A conductive material that includes a metal component consisting of a first metal and a second metal having a melting point higher than that of the first metal, wherein the first metal is Sn or an alloy containing 70% by weight or more of Sn, and the second metal is a metal or alloy which forms an intermetallic compound having a melting point of 310° C. or higher with the first metal and has a lattice constant difference of 50% or greater between itself and the intermetallic compound generated at the circumference of the second metal.

Abstract: A precious metal paste which does not cause contamination of a member, which can be uniformly coated to a member to be bonded, and which is in good condition after bonding is provided. The present invention relates to a precious metal paste for bonding a semiconductor element, of the paste including a precious metal powder and an organic solvent, in which the precious metal powder has a purity of 99.9 mass % or more and an average particle diameter of 0.1 to 0.5 ?m, the organic solvent has a boiling point of 200 to 350° C., and a thixotropy index (TI) value calculated from a measurement value of a viscosity at a shear rate of 4/s with respect to a viscosity at a shear rate of 40/s at 23° C. by means of a rotational viscometer is 6.0 or more.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to method phosphating an iron surface susceptible to corrosion, the method comprising contacting an iron surface with an aqueous mixture of an acidic phosphate component, a basic component, and at least one silicate; and forming a passivation zone chemically bound to the iron surface of one or more iron ions corresponding to the iron surface, the acidic phosphate component, the basic component, and at least one corrosion inhibitor precursor.

Abstract: Disclosed are quaternary ammonium salts containing non-halogen anions such as carbonates, bicarbonates, phosphates, glycolates and mixtures thereof as conversion coatings or additives imparting anti-corrosive properties to paints. The invention relates to a method for inhibiting the corrosion of metal surfaces by applying a composition containing one or more quaternary ammonium carbonate or bicarbonate. The disclosure is also directed to anti-corrosive coatings for metal substrates containing these compounds and to metal substrates having these anticorrosive coatings.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a passivation composition containing at least one sulfonic acid, at least one compound containing a nitrate or nitrosyl ion, and water. The passivation composition is substantially free of a halide ion.

Abstract: Preparation for passivating metallic surfaces, comprising at least one itaconic acid homopolymer or copolymer (A), water and/or another solvent suitable for dissolving, dispersing, suspending or emulsifying the homopolymer or copolymer (A), as component (B); at least one organic Ti or Zr compound (C); and optionally at least one Zn or Mg salt (D). Process for producing a passivating layer on a metal surface by treating the metal surface with such a preparation. Passivating layer on a metallic surface, obtainable by such a process. Metallic surface comprising such a passivating layer. Use of inventive preparations for passivating a metal surface.

Abstract: The invention relates to an iron-based soft magnetic powder for a dust core, wherein a film comprising Fe and Co, a phosphoric acid-based chemical conversion film and a silicone resin film are formed in this order on the surface of an iron-based soft magnetic powder, and to a dust core obtained by molding the iron-based soft magnetic powder for a dust core. The invention also relates to an iron-based soft magnetic powder for a dust core formed by coating the surface of an iron-based soft magnetic powder with an insulating film, wherein the powder has a particle diameter of from 45 ?m to 180 ?m, the insulating film is composed of two layers in which a lower layer composed of a phosphoric acid-based chemical conversion film and an upper layer composed of a silicone resin film, and each of the films has a thickness of from 100 nm to 280 nm, and to a dust core obtained by molding the iron-based soft magnetic powder for a dust core.

Abstract: A method for joining, assembling, at least two parts comprising silicon carbide-based materials is provided. The parts are contacted with a non-reactive brazing composition, the assembly having the parts and the brazing composition is heated to a brazing temperature sufficient to melt the brazing composition, and the parts and the brazing composition are cooled so that, after solidification of the brazing composition, a moderately refractory joint is formed. The brazing composition is a binary alloy consisting, in atomic percentages, of 60% to 66% silicon and 34% to 40% nickel. Prior to contacting the parts with the brazing composition, a reinforcement is added. A composition comprising the brazing composition and a reinforcement is provided. A brazing paste, suspension comprising a powder of the brazing composition, a reinforcement, and an organic liquid cement, binder, or an organic viscous gel is provided. A joint and assembly obtained by the foregoing method is provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aqueous preparation for passivating metallic surfaces, comprising itaconic acid homopolymers or copolymers and at least one amine- or amide-containing alcohol, to a method for passivating metallic surfaces by treating the surface with the preparation of the invention, to passivating layers and metallic surfaces obtainable by means of the method of the invention, and to the use of the preparation of the invention for passivating a metal surface.

Abstract: Disclosed is a treatment solution for use in the formation of a black trivalent chromium chemical conversion coating film with uniformly stabilized black wash, luster and corrosive resistance irrespective of the type of the acidic, neutral or alkaline zinc plating bath employed or the presence or absence of nickel eutectoid. Also disclosed is a method of forming the black trivalent chromium chemical conversion coating film. The treatment solution comprises a trivalent chromium ion, a chelating agent capable of forming a water-soluble complex with the trivalent chromium, at least one metal ion selected from the group consisting of a cobalt ion, a nickel ion and an iron ion, and formic acid or a salt thereof as a buffer for hydrogen ion concentration. The treatment solution can be used for forming a black hexavalent chromium-free chemical conversion coating film on zinc or a zinc alloy.

Abstract: A method for assembling at least two parts made of silicon carbide-based materials by non-reactive brazing is disclosed. The two parts are contacted with a non-reactive brazing composition. The assembly formed by the parts and the brazing composition is heated to a sufficient brazing temperature sufficient to melt the brazing composition. The parts and the brazing composition are cooled so that, after solidification of the brazing composition, a moderately refractory joint is formed. The non-reactive brazing composition is a binary alloy composed, in mass percentages, of about 46% to 99% silicon and 54% to 1% neodymium.

Abstract: A conventional low-temperature solder containing Pb or Cd had problems with respect to environmental pollution. A conventional low-temperature lead-free solder had a liquidus temperature which was too high for low heat resistance parts having a heat resistance temperature of 130° C., or it was brittle or had low mechanical strength. A lead-free low-temperature solder according to the present invention comprises 48-52.5 mass % of In and a balance of Bi, and most of the structure is constituted by a BiIn2 intermetallic compound which is not brittle. Zn or La can be added in order to further improve solderability, and a small amount of P can be added to prevent corrosion at high temperatures and high humidities.

Abstract: Disclosed is an easily handleable composition for metal surface treatment which enables to achieve foundation surface concealment, coating adhesion and corrosion resistance equal to or higher than those obtained by the conventional metal surface treatment compositions. This composition for metal surface treatment places no burden on the environment. Also disclosed are a method for treating the surface of a metal material wherein such a composition for metal surface treatment is used, and a metal material treated by such a metal surface treatment method. Specifically disclosed is a metal surface treatment composition used for a treatment of a metal surface, which composition contains a zirconium compound and/or titanium compound substantially not containing fluorine, and an inorganic acid and/or a salt thereof. This metal surface treatment composition has a pH of not less than 1.5 but not more than 6.5.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of altering the surface behavior of a liquid by adding to the liquid a compound of a Formula (1): Rf—O—(CF2)x(CH2)y—O-(QO)z—H ??(1) Wherein Rf is a linear or branched perfluoroalkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, optionally interrupted by one to three ether oxygen atoms, x is an integer of 1 to 6; y is an integer of 1 to 6; Q is a linear 1,2-alkylene group of the formula CmH2m where m is an integer of 2 to 10; and z is an integer of 1 to 30.

Abstract: The invention relates to chromium- and cobalt-free treatment solutions for producing black coatings which afford corrosion protection. The treatment solution of the invention contains oxo cations or complex halogen ions or mixtures of oxo cations and complex halogen ions, an oxidant and an organic sulphur compound.

Abstract: A surface conditioning composition for use in surface conditioning of a metal prior to being subjected to a phosphate-based chemical conversion treatment, in which the surface conditioning composition has a pH of 3 to 12, and includes at least one kind of zinc compound particles selected from the group consisting of zinc oxide particles, zinc hydroxide particles, and basic zinc carbonate particles; phosphoric acid and/or condensed phosphoric acid; and an amine compound having a specific structure and in which the zinc compound particles are dispersed and stabilized by the phosphoric acid and/or condensed phosphoric acid, and the amine compound.

Abstract: Disclosed are: a chemical conversion treatment solution for metal surfaces, which enables the formation of a chemical conversion coating film having excellent corrosion resistance and adhesion properties on metal base materials even though the solution does not contain chromium and fluorine, comprising at least one compound (A) selected from a water-soluble titanium compound and a water-soluble zirconium compound and an organic compound (B) that has multiple functional groups and can serve as a stabilizing agent, and which has a pH value of 2.0 to 6.5, wherein the content of the compound (A) is 0.1 to 10 mmol/L, and the content of the organic compound (B) is 2.5- to 10-fold larger than the content of the metal in the compound (A) by mole; and a method for treating the surface of a metal base material or a structure or body using the chemical conversion treatment solution for metal surfaces.

Abstract: A method for passivating metallic surfaces, wherein the surface is contacted with an aqueous composition comprising at least one water-soluble polymer (X) comprising acidic groups and with at least one surfactant (T) based on alkoxylated alcohols, the pH of the composition being in the range from 0.5 to 5, enables durable protection of the surface.

Abstract: The pickling process designed for pickling electrical steel strip in a continuous fashion comprising immersing the strip in at least one pickling tub. The pickling tub contains a mixture of HCl, Fe2+, and Fe3+ and a low concentration of HF. Upon exiting the final pickling tub, the strip may be brushed or scrubbed to loosen any residual scale to form a clean strip.