Abstract: The present invention relates to the solar photo-thermal power generation technology. Provided is a quartz sand/graphite composite molten salt heat transfer and heat storage medium and a preparation method thereof. The medium is characterized in that it is prepared by adding quartz sand into an existing common heat transfer and heat storage molten salt system for compounding. Hot stability of the obtained heat transfer and heat storage medium is generally improved, an application temperature range is expanded, causticity is reduced, and a service life of a device is greatly prolonged. In addition, a material cost is low.

Abstract: A biofilm sealant is provided imparting a residual biocidal property. The biofilm sealant is used to treat a surface to impart a film having a capacity to quickly kill bacteria and other germs for at least 24 hours after deposit of the film on a treated surface. The disinfectant formulation biofilm sealant comprises a polymer binder, wherein the polymer binder is an oxazoline homopolymer or an extended or a modified polymer based on an oxazoline homopolymer, and a biocidal compound.

Abstract: A disinfectant formulation is provided imparting a residual biocidal property. The disinfectant formulation is used to treat a surface to impart a film having a capacity to quickly kill bacteria and other germs for at least 24 hours after deposit of the film on a treated surface. The disinfectant formulation comprises a polymer binder, wherein the polymer binder is an oxazoline homopolymer or an extended or a modified polymer based on an oxazoline homopolymer, and a biocidal compound. The disinfectant formulation further comprises a carrier. An article having the disinfectant formulation is provided as well as methods of making, using and applying the disinfectant formulation.

Abstract: The aqueous protective coating composition is provided for easy application to refractory linings and walls. When dried, the protective coating composition provides excellent chemical resistance to molten aluminum alkali metals and vapors. The protective coating composition includes alumina and silica, suitably provided as mullite, calcined alumina, and colloidal silica; and a metallic non-wetting agent.

Abstract: A copper alloy according to the present invention is a copper alloy rolled to be plate-shaped. The copper alloy contains 8.5 to 9.5 mass % of Ni, 5.5 to 6.5 mass % of Sn with a remainder being Cu and unavoidable impurities. An average diameter of crystal grains in a cross section perpendicular to a rolling direction is less than 6 ?m. A ratio x/y of an average length x of the crystal grains in a plate width direction to an average length y in a plate thickness direction satisfies 1?x/y?2.5. An X-ray diffracted intensity ratio in a plate surface parallel to the rolling direction of the copper alloy includes, when an X-ray diffracted intensity of a (220) plane is standardized as 1, an intensity ratio of a (200) plane being 0.30 or less, an intensity ratio of a (111) plane being 0.45 or less, and an intensity ratio of a (311) plane being 0.60 or less. The intensity ratio of the (111) plane is greater than the intensity ratio of the (200) plane and smaller than the intensity ratio of the (311) plane.

Abstract: Aqueous media for quenching metal substrates are provided and contain (i) a polyvinylpyrrolidone/polyvinylcaprolactam copolymer and (ii) one or more of a second polymer, which is selected from (a) a substituted oxazoline polymer; (b) a poly(oxyethylene-oxyalkylene)glycol; or (c) a polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer. The quenching bath provides reduced cooling rates through the martensite temperature ranges. Also provided are processes for quenching metal substrates using these quenching media.

Abstract: The invention comprises semifinished products with a structured surface, the semifinished product comprising an oxidized and subsequently re-reduced surface containing at least one refractory metal, and also a process for their production and their use for producing high-capacitance components.

Abstract: This invention discloses a metal coating method whereby an abrasion resistant and wear resistant coating is first applied to the metal object, the coated metal object is then fused onto the metal object and the resulting coated metal object is more abrasion resistant and wear resistant while retaining the metal object's original shape.

Abstract: A fluid composition is prepared by esterification of (a) at least one synthetic alcohol and (b) a mixture of fatty acids, including at least oleic and linoleic acids, and at least one of a mixture comprising a Miristic acid, Palmitoleic acid, Margarinic acid, Margaroleic acid, ?-Linoleic acid, Arachidic acid, Eicosenoic Behenic acid, and Erucic acid. The fatty acids can also include at least one of stearic acid and palmitic acid. The composition can be used as, or as part of, a quenching bath for a metal.

Abstract: Aqueous media for quenching metal substrates are provided and contain (i) a polyvinylpyrrolidone/polyvinylcaprolactam copolymer and (ii) one or more of a second polymer, which is selected from (a) a substituted oxazoline polymer; (b) a poly(oxyethylene-oxyalkylene)glycol; or (c) a polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer. The quenching bath provides reduced cooling rates through the martensite temperature ranges. Also provided are processes for quenching metal substrates using these quenching media.

Abstract: Aqueous media for quenching metal substrates are provided and contain (i) a polyvinylpyrrolidone/polyvinylcaprolactam copolymer and (ii) one or more of a second polymer, which is selected from (a) a substituted oxazoline polymer; (b) a poly(oxyethylene-oxyalkylene) glycol; or (c) a polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer. The quenching bath provides reduced cooling rates through the martensite temperature ranges. Also provided are processes for quenching metal substrates using these quenching media.

Abstract: A treatment solution for an insulation coating for a grain oriented electrical steel sheet includes at least one member selected from phosphates of Mg, Ca, Ba, Sr, Zn, Al, and Mn, and colloidal silica in a proportion of 0.5 to 10 mol in terms of SiO2 and at least one member selected from permanganates of Mg, Sr, Zn, Ba, and Ca in a proportion of 0.02 to 2.5 mol in terms of metal elements in the permanganates, relative to PO4:1 mol in the phosphates.

Abstract: Aqueous metal quenching media comprising vinyllactam/acrylamide copolymers

Abstract: A process for hardening a work piece of stainless steel through diffusion of the elements carbon and/or nitrogen into the work piece surfaces. The work piece is submerged into a molten salt bath and subjected to the molten salt bath for a period ranging from 15 minutes to 240 hours at temperatures below 450° C. In addition to potassium chloride and lithium chloride, the molten salt bath contains an activator substance consisting of barium chloride, strontium chloride, magnesium chloride and/or calcium chloride, and a free or complex cyanide as carbon-donating substance.

Abstract: Disclosed is a quenching medium for treating a heated metal part, said medium comprising water and a polyacrylate terpolymer comprising acrylamide and/or methacrylamide monomer units, acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid monomer units and alkyl alkoxylate allyl ether monomer units where the acid groups are in the form of an alkali metal salt and where the alkyl alkoxylate allyl ether monomers are of the formula where n is an integer from 1 to about 30, R is ethylene, propylene or butylene and G is an alkyl group of 8 to 30 carbon atoms. Also disclosed is a method for quenching a heated metal part, which process comprises immersing said metal part in the quenching medium. Also disclosed are the polyacrylate ternary copolymers.

Abstract: A highly basic particle flux for submerged arc welding that produces less than 7 ml/100 gr of diffusible hydrogen in the weld metal, which flux comprises a carbon dioxide containing compound with an effective amount of heat releasable carbon dioxide in the range of 0.5-3.5% by weight of the flux over 10% by weight of a low melting point compound and a binder.

Abstract: A nickel powder exhibits superior oxidation behavior, reduction behavior and sintering behavior in a production process for a multilayer ceramic capacitor and is suitable for the capacitor; a production method therefor is also provided. The nickel powder, which may be used as a raw material, is treated with a sulfur-containing compound, and the sulfur-containing compound is coated on the surface thereof, or alternatively, a nickel-sulfur compound layer is formed on the surface thereof.

Abstract: Aqueous media for quenching metal substrates are provided and contain (i) a polyvinylpyrrolidone/polyvinylcaprolactam copolymer and (ii) one or more of a second polymer, which is selected from (a) a substituted oxazoline polymer; (b) a poly(oxyethylene-oxyalkylene) glycol; or (c) a polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer. The quenching bath provides reduced cooling rates through the martensite temperature ranges. Also provided are processes for quenching metal substrates using these quenching media.

Abstract: A polymeric quenchant. The polymeric quenchant comprises an inorganic nanoparticle, a water-soluble polymer, and water, wherein a weight ratio of the inorganic nanoparticle, water-soluble polymer and water is about 0.05-5:1-5:100. The cooling rate of steel during a quenching process can be adjusted by regulating the components and ratios of the adjusted by regulating the components and ratios of the polymeric quenchant to achieve desirable steel properties.

Abstract: A process for hardening a work piece of stainless steel through diffusion of the elements carbon and/or nitrogen into the work piece surfaces. The work piece is submerged into a molten salt bath and subjected to the molten salt bath for a period ranging from 15 minutes to 240 hours at temperatures below 450° C. In addition to potassium chloride and lithium chloride, the molten salt bath contains an activator substance consisting of barium chloride, strontium chloride, magnesium chloride and/or calcium chloride, and a free or complex cyanide as carbon-donating substance.

Abstract: Methods of providing improved metal coatings or metal deposits on a substrate, improvements in plating solutions that are used to provide such metal deposits and articles of the metal-coated substrates. The solderability of the metal coating is enhanced by incorporating trace amounts of phosphorus in the metal coating to reduce surface oxide formation during subsequent heating and thus enhance long term solderability of the metal coating. The phosphorus is advantageously provided in the metal coating by incorporating a source of phosphorus in a solution that is used to provide the metal coating on the substrate, and the metal coating is then provided on the substrate from the solution.

Abstract: This invention relates to application of eco-friendly starch solution as a quenching medium for heated metal parts fabricated from steel, alloy steel, aluminum and aluminum alloys. Depending on the material grade, critical temperature and desired cooling rate, various types of starch solution can be used and the composition and concentration of the starch quenchant can be tailored to provide the required cooling characteristics for wide range of materials. In particular the starch solutions have the potential to replace quenching oil. The starch solutions are environmentally friendly, having no toxic fumes and no after usage disposal liabilities as compared to oil fumes.

Abstract: In a surface treatment process for mechanical parts, for conferring on the parts a high resistance to wear and corrosion and a roughness propitious to lubrication, nitriding of the part is followed consecutively by oxidation of the part. The nitriding is applied by immersing the part in a molten salt nitriding bath free of sulfur-containing species at a temperature from approximately 500° C. to approximately 700° C. The oxidation is carried out in an oxidizing aqueous solution at a temperature less than approximately 200° C.

Abstract: The invention provides a water-soluble quenching medium suitably usable for quenching of metal, which can prevent quenching cracks and quenching ununiformity while having good hardenability. The medium comprises (A) a polyalkylene glycol having a weight average molecular weight of from 10,000 to 100,000 and/or its derivative, (B) a glycol ether having a weight average molecular weight of 1,000 smaller, and optionally (C) an alkylene glycol having a weight average molecular weight of 1,000 or smaller, (D) an alkali metal carboxylate, and (E) an organic amine compound having a weight average molecular weight of 1,000 or smaller.

Abstract: Disclosed is an annealing separator for production for grain-oriented electrical steel sheet, containing one or more compound selected from the following general formula;?Mg.sub.1-x M.sup.3+.sub.x !O ?Mg.sub.1-x M.sup.2+.sub.x !O or ?Mg.sub.1-x M.sup.2+.sub.x1 M.sup.3+.sub.x2 !OwhereM.sup.2+ is at least one bivalent element selected from the group consisting of Be, Ca, Ba, Sr, Sn, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn;M.sup.3+ is at least one tervalent element selected from the group consisting of Al, Fe, Cr, Co, B, Ti, Sb;0.01.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.0.40; x=x1+x2This annealing separator having a lower melting point and higher degree of reactivity is applied on the decarburization annealed strip, and improves the properties of the glass film, especially uniform film appearance and good sealing effect, and magnetic properties.

Abstract: A ceramic coating-forming agent of an Mg-M.sup.3+ -O based two-component oxide solid solution capable of forming a ceramic coating excellent in heat resistance, adhesion to a substrate metal, electric insulation and the properties of low thermal expansion, at a low temperature, the agent containing an Mg-M.sup.3+ -O based two-component oxide solid solution of the formula (1),(Mg.sub.1-x M.sup.2+.sub.x).sub.1-y M.sup.3+.sub.y O (1)wherein M.sup.2+ is at least one divalent metal selected from the group consisting of Ca.sup.2+, Mn.sup.2+, Fe.sup.2+, Co.sup.2+, Ni.sup.2+, Cu.sup.2+ and Zn.sup.2+, M.sup.3+ is at least one trivalent metal selected from the group consisting of Al.sup.3+, Mn.sup.3+, Fe.sup.3+, Co.sup.3+, Ni.sup.3+, Ti.sup.3+, Bi.sup.3+ and Cr.sup.3+, x is a number in the range of 0.ltoreq.x<0.5 and y is a number in the range of 0<y<0.5, or an anionic oxide-dispersed Mg-M.sup.3+ -O based two-component oxide solid solution of the formula (2),(Mg.sub.1-x M.sup.2+.sub.x).sub.1-y M.sup.3+.sub.

Abstract: A cyaniding process, operating in a molten cyanide salt, and a nitriding process, operating in a Tufftride salt bath, can be utilized to modify the near-surface microstructure of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The surface-hardened layers have been characterized with respect to their hardness and microstructure. The corrosion and wear performance can be both improved by cyaniding and nitriding.

Abstract: An anti-nitriding composition comprising a water-based alkyd resin having suspended therein particulate tin and titanium dioxide; a thixotropic agent maintains the particulates in suspension during storage and application; the composition includes surfactant and co-solvent to impart paint-like characteristics. The composition is suitable for use as a local shield during the heat treatment of metals to prevent nitriding or ferritic nitro-carburization at temperatures in the range of about 850.degree. F. to about 1150.degree. F. The water-based formulation is safe to use and to transport, and has an air drying time at normal working temperatures comparable to those drying times previously achievable only with organic-solvent based anti-nitriding compositions.

Abstract: An anti-oxidation agent for preventing oxidation of a stainless steel strip during continuous annealing comprising a colloidal inorganic substance which can be crystallized at a temperature not higher than 1300.degree. C. at least one compound having a melting point not higher than 1300.degree. C., selected from the group consisting of silicates, borates and phosphates, a dispersion agent, and the balance substantially water. The anti-oxidation agent is applied to the surface of the stainless steel strip. During the annealing, the anti-oxidation agent enhances the heat absorption so that the stainless steel strip temperature is elevated to the annealing temperature in a short time. The anti-oxidation agent on the strip surface forms a film of a fine structure which keeps the strip surface away from oxidizing components of the annealing atmosphere so as to suppress generation of oxide scale. The film is easily separated due to thermal contraction in the course of the cooling after the annealing.

Abstract: Decarburized grain oriented silicon steel is provided with an annealing separator which forms a glass film after the final high temperature anneal. The magnesia used as the annealing separator has a total chlorine level of 0.01 to 0.20% by weight based on the weight of magnesia with at least 0.01% metal chloride selected from the group of Mg, Ca, Na and K. The chloride addition acts to seal the coating surface during the final anneal to control diffusion and stabilize the secondary grain growth. The glass film which forms during the anneal may be laser scribed for domain refinement without coating damage. The magnesia may also contain additions of phosphates, TiO.sub.2, SiO.sub.2, Cr and B. The temperature of the magnesia is maintained below 25.degree. C. to control hydration and eliminate the need for other additives in the magnesia slurry to control hydration.

Abstract: An anti-nitriding composition comprising a water-based alkyd resin having suspended therein particulate tin and titanium dioxide; a thixotropic agent maintains the particulates in suspension during storage and application; the composition includes surfactant and co-solvent to impart paint-like characteristics. The composition is suitable for use as a local shield during the heat treatment of metals to prevent nitriding or ferritic nitro-carburization at temperatures in the range of about 850.degree. F. to about 1150.degree. F. The water-based formulation is safe to use and to transport, and has an air drying time at normal working temperatures comparable to those drying times previously achievable only with organic-solvent based anti-nitriding compositions.

Abstract: Components made from steel can be nitrocarburized in cyanate- and cyanide-containing salt baths within relatively short times if the process is carried out at 600.degree. to 700.degree. C. in a first stage and at 560.degree. to 590.degree. C. in a second stage. The components exhibit the same or better characteristics as compared to considerably longer processing at 560.degree. to 590.degree. C.

Abstract: For making a ductile boron-containing grain-oriented silicon steel, there is practiced, at a late stage in the making of the product either during the final texture anneal or a subsequent anneal, a high-temperature anneal in a reducing atmosphere with the use of a separating-agent coating, particularly magnesium oxide, which contains an effective amount of a compound of molybdenum and/or tungsten.

Abstract: A method for enhancing the thermal quenching of a metal surface comprises treating the metal surface with a complex phosphate acid ester. The metal surface is simultaneously or subsequently treated with a thermal quenching fluid. The method is particularly adapted for use in thermal quenching of aluminum and aluminum alloy surfaces.

Abstract: By adding an appropriate amount, 1 to 12 weight percent, based on the amount of magnesium oxide present and Loss On Ignition values of powdered magnesium metal to the magnesium oxide aqueous slurry composition used to make a separating-agent composition in the making of grain-oriented silicon electrical steel, there are obtained composition, an article, and a method characterized principally by a substantial decrease in the rate of rejections of the produce of the final texturizing anneal because of coating defects--such difficulties as bare spots, and metal-overlay pattern. Moreover, the magnetic properties may be improved because of improved control of the propagation of the internally oxidized zone of the steel.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for cooling a rolled steel material, especially a wire rod, which comprises immersing a hot-rolled steel material in foams obtained by adding a blowing agent to water, which foams have a water content of 0.01 to 80 g/100 ml, to cool the steel material by the foams. According to this method, a product having a good quality can be stably obtained by a uniform cooling.

Abstract: By adding an appropriate amount, 1 to 12 weight percent, based on the amount of magnesium oxide present and Loss On Ignition values of powdered magnesium metal to the magnesium oxide aqueous slurry composition used to make a separating-agent composition in the making of grain-oriented silicon electrical steel, there are obtained composition, an article, and a method characterized principally by a substantial decrease in the rate of rejections of the product of the final texturizing anneal because of coating defects--such difficulties as bare spots, and metal-overlay pattern. Moreover, the magnetic properties may be improved because of improved control of the propagation of the internally oxidized zone of the steel.

Abstract: A method of quenching metal components utilizing a water based quenching composition which includes a polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer of high molecular weight and in relatively high concentrations and thereafter power washing the parts to remove the polymeric film. Another preferred embodiment uses the same high molecular weight polyvinylpyrrolidone in combination with two rust inhibiting agents which greatly extend the time during which the quenchant film left on the quenched parts remains water soluble, while still providing an excellent approximation of the cooling curve characteristic of an oil quenchant.

Abstract: A method and composition for stopping-off nitrogen and/or carbon diffusion into metal surfaces. The composition, which is a mixture of a refractory material selected from the group of zirconium and aluminosilicate, sodium silicofluoride and sodium silicate, is coated onto the metal surface where diffusion is to be prevented. The mixture is cured and the metal part is subjected to elevated temperatures for carburizing, nitriding, or carbonitriding. The coating prevents nitrogen and/or carbon diffusion at the coated area. After treatment the coating is removed.

Abstract: A method and a bath agent for forming a carbide or diffusion layer on the surface of an article to be treated by immersing the article in a molten salt bath. The salt bath comprises borax, at least one oxide of a surface layer forming element (SFE) selected from the group consisting of an oxide of a Va-Group element of the Periodic Table and an oxide of chromium, and aluminum. The amounts of the SFE-oxide and of aluminum to the whole amount of the bath are 9.5 to 21.5 wt% and 4 to 7.5 wt%, respectively. The treating method provides the extended life of the bath, the facilitation of washing off the bath agent adhered to the treated article, etc.

Abstract: For improving the properties of a glass film on a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet, the annealing separator applied on a decarburized steel sheet is prepared by: calcining at a high temperature to reduce the activity thereof; hydrating only on the outermost layer of MgO particles; and adding a Ti, B, or S compound to MgO.

Abstract: A method of quenching metal components utilizing a water based quenching composition which includes a polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer of high molecular weight and in relatively high concentrations and thereafter power washing the parts to remove the polymeric film. Another preferred embodiment uses the same high molecular weight polyvinylpyrrolidone in combination with two rust inhibiting agents which greatly extend the time during which the quenchant film left on the quenched parts remains water soluable, while still providing an excellent approximation of the cooling curve characteristic of an oil quenchant.

Abstract: A method is provided for improving core-loss values of grain-oriented silicon steel after final texture annealing by boronizing the steel to levels of 0.001 to 0.009 wt. % after applying a boron-containing material to the final texture annealed steel, heating to 1850.degree. to 2200.degree. F., maintaining the steel at such temperature to infuse boron into other steel, and cooling the steel at a rate of 100.degree. F./hour or less.

Abstract: A grain-oriented silicon steel sheet having high magnetic induction and low iron loss can be obtained by adhering uniformly at least one member selected from the group consisting of elements of Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Bi and Zn and compounds containing these elements to the surfaces of a silicon steel sheet before or after the decarburization annealing in a method for producing grain-oriented silicon steel sheets. According to this method, a hot rolled steel sheet is subjected to at least one cold rolling, the finally cold rolled steel sheet is subjected to a decarburization annealing, and the decarburized steel sheet is applied with an annealing separator consisting mainly of MgO and then subjected to a final annealing, or by carrying out the adhesion treatment of element in combination with a preliminary annealing before the decarburization annealing in the above described method, or by using the annealing separator further containing Bi or a Bi-containing compound in the above described method.

Abstract: An annealing separator used in a finishing annealing step for producing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet usually contains magnesia. The present invention is characterized by including, based on 100 parts by weight of magnesia, from 0.2 to 20 parts by weight of ferromanganese nitride or manganese nitride which consists of a composition (Mn.sub.1-x Fe.sub.x)N.sub.y having x and y values corresponding to A, B, C, and D and falling within a region surrounded by A, B, C, and D shown in the appended FIG. 1.The annealing separator according to the present invention is effective for stabilizing secondary recrystallization and improving the properties of a forsterite film.

Abstract: A metal quenchant fluid which is a mixture of water and a polyalkylene glycol and a inhibitor is substantially nitrite free. The inhibitor is a soluble product obtained by mixing a carboxylic acid having 4 to 12 carbon atoms in the molecule, an amine such as an alkanolamine boiling above 150.degree. C. at atmospheric pressure and a copper chelating agent such as NN diethanol methylene benzotriazole.

Abstract: A method of quenching which comprises the steps of (a) immersing a metal heated to an elevated temperature in a quenchant composition comprising an aqueous-solution of a sufficiently hydrophilic water-soluble or water-dispersible organic polymer of the formula:Y[AR].sub.xto provide a solution containing 15.

Abstract: A method for producing an annealing separator coating on grain oriented silicon steel prior to final texture annealing to improve the coating uniformity and prevent oxidation of the steel surface during this annealing operation. The method comprises coating the steel with a conventional coating, such as magnesium oxide, having an addition of an inert, high temperature refractory annealing separator agent, preferably calcined alumina.An annealing separator composition is also provided.

Abstract: A method of quenching which comprises the steps of (a) immersing a metal heated to an elevated temperature in a quenchant composition comprising an aqueous-solution of a sufficiently hydrophilic water-soluble or water-dispersible organic polymer of the formula:Y[AR].sub.xto provide a solution containing .[.15.0.]. .Iadd.from about 1 to about 20 .Iaddend.

Abstract: A method of quenching metal components utilizing a water based quenching composition which includes a polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer of high molecular weight and in relatively high concentrations and thereafter power washing the parts to remove the polymeric film. Another preferred embodiment uses the same high molecular weight polyvinylpyrrolidone in combination with two rust inhibiting agents which greatly extend the time during which the quenchant film left on the quenched parts remains water soluable, while still providing an excellent approximation of the cooling curve characteristic of an oil quenchant.