Abstract: Electromechanical knocking device and knocking method for working, smoothing and cold-hardening the surface of tools, machine parts and other parts by hammering an impact head onto the surface of the said parts by means of mounting them on a machine tool or a robot. The impact head (1a) is fastened to a support (1b), which has a ferromagnetic part (1c). A magnetic field (B1) keeps the support for the impact head in a defined position of rest. On the support for the impact head (1b) there is at least one coil (4), which is located in the first-mentioned magnetic field (B1) or in a different magnetic field (B2) and through which an alternating current or pulsed current (12) with or without a variable direct current component flows. As a result, the impact head (1a) is made to oscillate with a defined impact frequency, impact amplitude and zero crossing.

Abstract: Disclosed is a high-strength ferrite-martensite steel sheet with excellent formability comprising: 0.05-0.15 weight % of C; 0.15 weight % or less of Si; 0.5-2.7 weight % of Mn; 0.1-0.7 weight % of Al; 0.005-0.03 weight % of P; 0.01-0.3 weight % of Sb; 0.002-0.02 weight % of S; at least one element selected from the group consisting of 0.01-0.6 weight % of Mo and 0.0005-0.0035 weight % of B; and the balance Fe and incidental impurities.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of fabricating a steel part, the method comprising the steps of: preparing and casting a steel having the following composition in percentage by weight: 0.06%?C?0.25%; 0.5%?Mn?2%; traces?Si?3%; traces?Ni?4.5%; traces?Al?3%; traces?Cr?1.2%; traces?Mo?0.30%; traces?V?2%; traces?Cu?3.5%; and satisfying at least one of the following conditions: 0.5%?Cu?3.5%; 0.5%?V?2%: 2?Ni?4.5% and 1%?Al?2%; ?the remainder being iron and impurities resulting from preparation; hot deforming the cast steel at least once at a temperature in the range 1100° C. to 1300° C. in order to obtain a blank of the part; controlled cooling of the blank for the part in still air or forced air; and heating the steel to perform precipitation annealing before or after machining the part from said blank. The invention also provides a part obtained by the method.

Abstract: A high-strength forged part is disclosed which comprises a base phase structure, comprising 30% or more of ferrite in terms of a space factor, and a second phase structure, comprising bainite and/or martensite, and retained austenite having an average grain diameter of 5 ?m or less and a content represented by 50×[C]<[V?R]<150×[C], wherein [V?R] represents a space factor of the retained austenite (?R) and [C] represents the mass % of C in the forged part. Furthermore, a high-strength forged part is disclosed which comprises a base phase structure, comprising 50% or more of tempered bainite or tempered martensite in terms of a space factor, and a second phase structure, comprising martensite and 3% to 30% retained austenite in terms of a space factor, wherein the portion of the retained austenite and martensite having an aspect ratio of 2 or less is 25% or less in terms of a space factor.

Abstract: An outer ring member for a constant velocity joint is manufactured. An intermediate preformed product having a cup section with an incomplete shape is formed by pressing a large diameter section without applying a low temperature annealing treatment and a lubricating chemical conversion coating treatment. Then, applying a low temperature annealing treatment and a lubricating chemical conversion coating treatment to the intermediate preformed product, thereafter a formed product having a cup section provided with ball-rolling grooves is formed by backward extrusion to the intermediate preformed product. Subsequently, the product is ironed before hardening, without applying a low temperature annealing treatment and a lubricating chemical conversion coating treatment to the formed product.

Abstract: The high-strength race of the present invention comprises using A steel for a high-strength race comprising the following elements in percentage by weight: C: 0.30 to 0.60%, Si: 0.30 to 1.30%, Mn: 0.5 to 1.5%, B: 0.0050% or less, Cr: 0.1 to 0.5%, Mo: 0.1 to 0.5%, Si+Mo: 0.5 to 1.4%, Ni: 0.02 to 1.0%, the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities, performing induction hardening to make the race have a surface hardness of 58 HRC or more and further a surface hardness of 52 HRC or more even after the surface is tempered at 300° C. The high-strength race is superior in rotating fatigue properties, anti-surface fatigue strength and productivity by a combination of composition control and induction hardening.

Abstract: Disclosed is a production process of a steel product for induction hardening and a steel product for carburizing, having improved grain size properties and machinability. This production process comprises the steps of: providing an ingot or bloom comprising a steel comprising, by weight, carbon (C): 0.10 to 0.45% or 0.25 to 0.70%, silicon (Si): 0.03 to 1.0%, manganese (Mn): 0.2 to 2.0%, titanium (Ti): 0.05 to 0.2%, aluminum (Al): 0.005 to 0.05%, and nitrogen (N): not more than 0.01% with the balance consisting of iron (Fe) and unavoidable impurities; and subjecting the steel ingot or bloom to a series of hot working steps including the step of rolling the steel ingot or bloom into a semi-finished steel product, the step of rolling the semi-finished steel product into a steel bar or wire rod, and the step of forging the steel bar or wire rod into a product. In the above series of hot working steps, the steel is given a thermal history in which said steel is at least once heated to 1,250° C.

Abstract: A method for processing a hot formed, high-tensile-strength steel having an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of at least about 730 MPa (105 ksi) and excellent toughness to retain essentially all the strength and toughness is provided. This processing is needed for the fabrication of high strength fittings that are used in the construction of linepipe for transport of natural gas, crude oil, as well as other applications. Furthermore, the hot formed high strength steel may be weldable with a Pcm of less than or equal to 0.35.

Abstract: There are proposed a track link production method capable of providing markedly improved wear life with good cost performance and a track link produced by this method. To this end, the track link production method includes a heat treatment process (Steps 4, 5) of applying quenching and low temperature tempering treatment to a whole link material after hot forging (Step 2), and is designed such that desired machining is applied to the link material (Step 3) before the heat treatment process (Steps 4, 5) and such that after the heat treatment process (Steps 4, 5), tempering (Step 6) and finish machining (Step 7) are sequentially applied to some of the parts which have undergone the machining process, the some parts including at least parts where high dimensional accuracy is required.

Abstract: An inner cutter for a dry shaver is fabricated from a metal plate to have a plurality of blades each provided with cutting edges. The metal plate includes a plurality of parallel straight slits to leave an array of straight beams each defined between the adjacent ones of the slits. The beams are forged and ground at a segment of each beam to give the cutting edges thereto. After making the cutting edges, the metal plate is bent into a generally U-shaped configuration so as to correspondingly curve the beams and shape the beams into the blades having the arcuate contour and the cutting edges. The metal plate is provided with a joint for connection with a driving source of moving the inner cutter relative to an outer cutter.

Abstract: The invention relates to a steel for mechanical construction, wherein its composition in percentages by weight is: 0.35%?C?1.2%; 0.10%?Mn?2.0%; 0.10%?Si?3.0%; traces?Cr?4.5%; traces?Mo?2.0%; traces?Ni?4.5%; traces?V?0.5%; traces?Cu?3.5% with Cu?Ni %+0.6 Si % if Cu?0.5%; traces?P?0.200%, traces?Bi?0.200%, traces?Sn?0.150%, traces?As?0.100%, traces?Sb?0.150%, with 0.050%?P %+Bi %+Sn %+As %+Sb %?0.200%, traces?Al?0.060%; traces?Ca ?0.050%; traces?B?0.01%; traces?S?0.200%; traces?Te?0.020%; traces?Se?0.040%; traces?Pb?0.070%; traces?Nb?0.050%; traces?Ti?0.050%; the remainder being iron and impurities resulting from the manufacture.

Abstract: The invention relates to a steel for mechanical construction, wherein its composition in percentages by weight is: 0.35%?C?2.5%; 0.10%?Mn?2.5%; 0.60%?Si?3.0%; traces?Cr?4.5%; traces?Mo?2.0%; traces?Ni?4.5%; traces?V?0.5%; traces?Cu?4% with Cu?Ni %+0.6 Si % if Cu?0.5%; traces?Al?0.060%; traces?Ca?0.050%; traces?B?0.01%; traces?S?0.200%; traces?Te?0.020%; traces?Se?0.040%; traces?Pb?0.070%; traces?Nb?0.050%; traces?Ti?0.050%; the remainder being iron and impurities resulting from the manufacture. The invention also relates to a method of hot-shaping a steel part, wherein a billet of steel of the preceding composition is obtained, it is heated to a temperature between the solidus and the liquidus so as to obtain a liquid phase and a globular solid phase, shaping of the said billet is carried out by thixoforging so as to obtain the said part, and cooling of the said part is carried out. Finally, the invention relates to a steel part thus obtained.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a hardened sheet metal section from a flat blank, wherein the flat blank is provided with collared holes that are collared and with two groove-like indentations which serve to support the sheet metal blank on a conveyor during heating treatment in an oven; subsequently, the blank is formed in a press tool into a sheet metal section by warm forming and where, if required, the formed indentations can be flattened; and thereafter the section is hardened while remaining clamped within the tool.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method and a device for producing metal, non-rotationally symmetric rings with a constant wall thickness along their circumference, particularly cam rings, starting from a hot-rolled pipe from which individual portions are severed, mechanically machined and subsequently hardened and tempered. Ring blanks of equal width are severed from the pipe and are mechanically machined on all sides, and the non-rotationally symmetric shape is produced by cold forming, the pipe or the severed ring blank having a structure suitable for cold forming.

Abstract: In a method of making a hardened sheet metal article, at least one pot-shaped depression is formed in a sheet metal blank. Thereafter, the sheet metal blank is hot formed in a press mold to a sheet metal article, and the sheet metal article is hardened. The press mold provides hereby a calibration of the depression to provide the final shape.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a striking plate of a golf club head includes the steps of soft heat-treating a flat metal blank to increase its malleability, stamping out a striking plate with an integral wall and a bend portion from the flat metal blank, precise machining the striking plate, and age hardening the striking plate to precipitation harden it and improve its mechanical properties after it has been joined to a main body of the golf club head.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a billet for cold forging according to the present invention is characterized by the first spheroidizing annealing step of spheroidizing a carbide in a blank, the drawing step of drawing the blank at a predetermined sectional area reduction ratio after the first spheroidizing annealing step, and the second spheroidizing annealing step of promoting the dispersion of the internal carbide for an increased spheroidizing ratio after the drawing step. The drawing step has a drawing ratio of approximately 20%. The blank is cut to a desired dimension between said first spheroidizing annealing step and said second spheroidizing annealing step.

Abstract: A high-strength forged part is disclosed which comprises a base phase structure, comprising 30% or more of ferrite in terms of a space factor, and a second phase structure, comprising bainite and/or martensite, and retained austenite having an average grain diameter of 5 &mgr;m or less and a content represented by 50×[C]<[V&ggr;R]<150×[C], wherein [V&ggr;R] represents a space factor of the retained austenite (&ggr;R) and [C] represents the mass % of C in the forged part. Furthermore, a high-strength forged part is disclosed which comprises a base phase structure, comprising 50% or more of tempered bainite or tempered martensite in terms of a space factor, and a second phase structure, comprising martensite and 3% to 30% retained austenite in terms of a space factor, wherein the portion of the retained austenite and martensite having an aspect ratio of 2 or less is 25% or less in terms of a space factor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a steel for mechanical construction, wherein its composition in percentages by weight is: 0.35%<C<1.2%; 0.10%<Mn<2.0%; 0.10%<Si<3.0%; traces<Cr<4.5%; traces<Mo<2.0%; traces<Ni<4.5%; traces<V<0.5%; traces<Cu<3.5% with Cu<Ni %+0.6 Si % if Cu>0.5%; traces<P<0.200%, traces<Bi<0.200%, traces<Sn<0.150%, traces<As<0.100%, traces<Sb<0.150%, with 0.050%<P %+Bi %+Sn %+As %+Sb %<0.200%, traces<Al<0.060%; traces<Ca<0.050%; traces<B<0.01%; traces<S<0.0200%; traces<Te<0.020%; traces<Se<0.040%; traces<Pb<0.070%; traces<Nb<0.050%; traces<Ti<0.050%; the remainder being iron and impurities resulting from the manufacture.

Abstract: The invention relates to a steel for mechanical construction, wherein its composition in percentages by weight is: 0.35%≦C≦2.5%; 0.10%≦Mn≦2.5%; 0.60%≦Si≦3.0%; traces≦Cr≦4.5%; traces≦Mo≦2.0%; traces≦Ni≦4.5%; traces≦V≦0.5%; traces≦Cu≦4% with Cu≦Ni %+0.6 Si % if Cu≧0.5%; traces≦Al≦0.060%; traces≦Ca≦0.050%; traces≦B≦0.01%; traces≦S≦0.200%; traces≦Te≦0.020%; traces≦Se≦0.040%; traces≦Pb≦0.070%; traces≦Nb≦0.050%; traces≦Ti≦0.050%; the remainder being iron and impurities resulting from the manufacture.

Abstract: The objective of the present invention is to provide a forging method that improves workability in machining, by turning the metallographical structure of products subject to impact load to a fine ferrite-perlite structure, without adopting the method of quenching and tempering, to obtain, as strength, a yield point (YP value) exceeding that obtained by the method of quenching and tempering, and making the tensile strength (TS) smaller compared with the method of quenching and tempering. A material to be forged has at least one kind of group 5 metal added thereto and is heated to a temperature suitable for hot forging. After forging to prescribed shape, cooling, and holding for a prescribed set time in a furnace at a tempering temperature, the material is further cooled to normal temperature by natural cooling.

Abstract: An improved steel railroad rail, and methods for producing same, having a carbon content in a range from 0.7 to 0.95 wt % and titanium in the range of 0.005 to 0.105 wt % is provided that has increased wear resistance and increased fracture toughness over conventional steel rail. The rail is characterized as having a pearlitic phase of an eutectoid nature. The average ultimate tensile strength is in a range from 178,000 to 207,000 psi, with a minimum of 174,000 psi. The average yield strength is in a range from 122,000 to 141,000 psi, with the minimum of 120,000 psi. The average percent elongation is in a range from 10.3 to 12.5, with a minimum of 10.00. The Brinell hardness on the surface at any position of the head top and upper gage corners of the rail is in a range from 370 to 420 BHN. The hardness 19 mm below the top surface is in a range from 360 to 405 BHN and 19 mm below the surface at the upper gage corners is in a range from 360 to 410 BHN.

Abstract: This invention relates to a steel composition comprising, expressed in percentages by weight: 0.25-0.35% C, 24-28% Cr, 10-15% Ni, 3-6% Mn, 1.75-2.50% Nb, 0.50-0.70% N, 0-0.30% Si, provided that C+N≧0.8%, the rest consisting mainly of iron and unavoidable impurities. The invention further relates to a method for making said compositions and valves produced from said compositions or using said method and exhibiting excellent mechanical strength and oxidation resistance at temperatures between 800 and 900° C.

Abstract: A high-strength bolt having excellent delayed fracture resistance and stress relaxation resistance in addition to a tensile strength of 1200 N/mm2 or higher is disclosed. A steel material for the high-strength bolt includes C: 0.50 to 1.0% by mass (hereinafter, referred to simply as “%”), Si: 0.5% or less (not including 0%), Mn: 0.2 to 1%, P: 0.03% or less (including 0%) and S: 0.03% or less (including 0%). The steel material has pro-eutectoid ferrite, pro-eutectoid cementite, bainite and martensite structures at less than 20% in total and a pearlite structure as the remainder. The high-strength bolt is produced by drawing the steel material severely to obtain a steel wire, forming the steel wire into a bolt shape through a cold heading, and subjecting the shaped steel wire to a blueing treatment at a temperature within a range of 100 to 400° C.

Abstract: An improved method of forging a precipitation hardening type stainless steel. The method comprises the steps of soaking the precipitation hardening type stainless steel at a temperature of austenitizing range, cooling the steel to a temperature in the range of 200-700° C., preferably 400-600° C., and subjecting the steel to forging at the temperature in this range. Conventional lubricants and die cooling oils can be used without being deteriorated due to high temperature. It is preferable to forcibly cool the soaked steel to adjust the temperature of the steel at which it is forged. The forged steel is then age hardened to exhibit inherent hardness.

Abstract: A process for forming a roller bearing comprising the steps of providing a cylindrical slug that comprises at least 0.7 weight percent carbon and up to 1.6 weight percent of at least one alloying element. The slug has lateral and side surfaces. A centered indentation is formed in each side surface. A circular chamfer surface is formed at the intersection of each side and each lateral surface, thereby producing an upsetting slug. The upsetting slug is cold formed, thereby deepening the centered indentations and forming a blank. The blank has a web separating the deepened indentations and end surfaces and chamfer surfaces that are substantially at net shape for the roller bearing. The web is removed from the blank, thereby forming a pierced blank having a through hole with an inner surface. The inner and lateral surfaces of the pierced blank are finished to the specified inner and outer diameters for the roller bearing.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of making a trailer hitch assembly for use with automobiles, trucks and other vehicles. The trailer hitch assembly comprises a crossbeam assembly and a pair of side brackets disposed on opposite ends of the crossbeam assembly. The crossbeam assembly and the side brackets are made of an ultra-high-strength steel material having a bainitic microstructure. The trailer hitch is fabricated from boron steel preheated to a temperature in the austenite range. The steel is then formed while in the austenite range in a forming die then subsequently quenched to achieve a bainitic microstructure and assembled as a trailer hitch.

Abstract: The invention provides an ultra-fine grain steel comprising fine ferrite grains as oriented at random and surrounded by large angle grain boundaries. The steel comprises fine ferrite grains having a mean grain size of not larger and 3.0 &mgr;m and surrounded by large angle grain boundaries having an misorientation not smaller than 15°.

Abstract: This invention provides a ferritic heat-resistant steel that can improve HAZ softening resistance, can omit heat-treatment after welding and can reduce the construction cost of a power generation plant. This ferritic heat-resistant steel contains C: 0.01 to 0.06%, Si: 0.02 to 0.80%, Mn: 0.20 to 1.50%, Cr: 0.50 to 3.00%, Mo: 0.01 to 1.50%, W: 0.01 to 3.50%, V: 0.02 to 1.00%, Nb: 0.01 to 0.50%, N: 0.001 to 0.06%, B: 0.0003 to 0.008%, Ti: 0.001 to 0.5%, Zr: 0.001 to 0.5%, or containing one of Cu: 0.1 to 2.0%, Ni: 0.1 to 2.0% and Co: 0.1 to 2.0% either individually or in combination, and limiting P to not greater than 0.030%, S to not greater than 0.010% and O to not greater than 0.020%, wherein a weight ratio of TiN and BN in the steel is controlled to 1 to 100 in terms of a value (TiN+ZrN %)/(BN %), and a mean grain diameter of BN is not greater than 1 .mu.m.

Abstract: The process for producing a constant velocity joint having improved cold workability, rolling fatigue life, and torsional strength comprises the steps of: rolling or forging an alloy at a heating temperature of Ac.sub.3 to 1000.degree. C. with a reduction in area of not less than 30%, said alloy comprising by weight carbon: 0.52 to 0.60%, silicon: 0.03 to 0.15%, manganese: 0.10 to 0.40%, chromium: 0.05 to 0.30%, molybdenum: 0.10 to 0.30%, sulfur: 0.003 to 0.020%, boron: 0.0005 to 0.005%, titanium: 0.02 to 0.05%, nitrogen: not more than 0.01%, aluminum: 0.005 to 0.05%, and manganese+chromium+molybdenum: 0.35 to 0.80% with the balance consisting of iron and unavoidable impurities; spheroidizing the rolled or forged alloy in such a manner that, after heating to Ac.sub.1 to 770.degree. C., slow cooling is performed from 730.degree. C. to 700.degree. C. at a rate of not more than 15.degree. C.

Abstract: A steel for machine structural use, essentially having the following chemical composition:C: 0.45-0.60 wt %,Si: 0.50-2.00 wt %,Mn: 0.10-0.30 (0.30 not inclusive) wt %,P: 0.01-0.10 wt %,S: 0.01-0.20 wt %,V: 0.08-0.15 wt %, andN: 0.0020-0.0050 (0.0050 not inclusive) wt %. The remainder is Fe and impurities inevitably included. The inner structure of the steel is a ferrite-pearlite structure.

Abstract: A CNC method for forging, quenching and tempering a metal material is composed of an automatic process of feeding a metal material, which is uniformly heated at a temperature of 1000.degree. C. for about one minute by an induction coil and is subsequently forged to take form. The forged metal is then checked and quenched. The metal material so treated is finally tempered to have proper texture, consistency, hardness, and toughness.

Abstract: Steel chemical composition of which contains, by weight: 0.1%.ltoreq.C.ltoreq.0.4%; 1%.ltoreq.Mn.ltoreq.1.8%; 0.15%.ltoreq.Si.ltoreq.1.7%; 0%.ltoreq.Ni.ltoreq.1%; 0%.ltoreq.Cr.ltoreq.1.2%; 0%.ltoreq.Mo.ltoreq.0.3%; 0%.ltoreq.V.ltoreq.0.3%; Cu.ltoreq.0.35%; optionally from 0.005% to 0.06% of aluminum, optionally boron in contents of between 0.0005% and 0.01%, optionally between 0.005% and 0.03% of titanium, optionally between 0.005% and 0.06% of niobium, optionally from 0.005% to 0.1% of sulfur, optionally up to 0.007% of calcium, optionally up to 0.03% of tellurium, optionally up to 0.05% of selenium, optionally up to 0.05% of bismuth, optionally up to 0.1% of lead, the balance being iron and impurities resulting from smelting. Process for the manufacture of a forging.

Abstract: Steel for the manufacture of forgings having a bainitic structure and the mechanical properties of which are: R.sub.p0.2 .gtoreq.800 MPa, R.sub.m .gtoreq.1000 MPa, K.sub.cu .gtoreq.50 J/cm.sup.2 its chemical composition comprising, by weight: 0.05%.ltoreq.C.ltoreq.0.12%, 0.1%.ltoreq.Si.ltoreq.0.45%, 1.01%.ltoreq.Mn.ltoreq.1.8%, 0.15%.ltoreq.Cr .ltoreq.1.15%, 0.06%.ltoreq.Mo.ltoreq.0.12%, Cu.ltoreq.0.30%, Ni.ltoreq.0.30%, 0.01%.ltoreq.Ti.ltoreq.0.04%, 0.005%.ltoreq.Al.ltoreq.0.04%, 0.006%.ltoreq.N.ltoreq.0.013%, 0.0005% 5 B.ltoreq.0.004%, P.ltoreq.0.025%, 0.02%.ltoreq.S.ltoreq.0.1%, 0%.ltoreq.Pb.ltoreq.0.1%, 0%.ltoreq.Te.ltoreq.0.07%, optionally from 0.0002% to 0.002% of calcium, the balance being iron and impurities resulting from the smelting, the chemical composition furthermore satisfying the relationship: 0.2% .ltoreq.Ni+Mo+Cu.ltoreq.0.7%, the uncombined boron content not being less than 0.0005% above 950.degree. C. Process for the manufacture of a forging.

Abstract: A rotor forging composed of Cr--Mo--V type alloy based on iron is normalizing-treated at a temperature of from 1000 to 1150.degree. C., the temperature is maintained at 650.degree.-750.degree. C. on the way of cooling the temperature from the normalizing-treating temperature to pearlite transform the microstructure of the rotor forging, the portions of the rotor forging corresponding to a high pressure or middle pressure portion are quenched at 940.degree.-1020.degree. C. and the portion corresponding to the low pressure portion is quenched at 850.degree.-940.degree. C. after the heat treatment is carried out at 920.degree.-950.degree. C. once or more times, and the rotor forging is subjected to tempering at 550.degree.-700.degree. C. once or more times. A high creep strength at the high and middle pressure portions can be obtained and, at the same time, the toughness at the low pressure portion is drastically enhanced.

Abstract: The present invention provides a steel material for a microalloyed part having a high strength in a hot worked state. A microalloyed steel for a high strength hot forging comprising specified amounts of C, Si, Mn, Cr, S, V and N, and Al and/or Ti, having a carbon equivalent in a definite range, and exhibiting a bainite transformation starting point in a definite range. A microalloyed steel for a high strength hot forging comprising specified amounts of C, Si, Mn, Cr, S, V, N and Ca, and Al and/or Ti, having a carbon equivalent in a definite range, and exhibiting a bainite transformation starting point in a definite range. Said steel material has a tensile strength of at least 900 MPa when it is in a hot forged, and non-quenched and tempered state. Automobile parts can be made small and light by the use of the steel of the invention.

Abstract: A process for producing a hot forged steel of ferrite+bainite structure type which is characterized by: applying hot forging to a steel product of a composition by weight ofC: 0.10-0.35%,Si: 0.15-2.00%,Mn: 0.40-2.00%,S: 0.03-0.10%,Al: 0.0005-0.050%,Ti: 0.003-0.050%,N: 0.0020-0.0070%,V: 0.30-0.70%, andfurther containing one or more of Cr, Mo, Nb, Pb and Ca in a specified amount; cooling thereafter so that 80% or more of the metallographic structure after finishing of the transformation is ferrite+bainite structure; and further applying aging treatment at a temperature of 200.degree.-700.degree. C. According to the present invention, it is possible to produce a hot forged steel which has satisfactory fatigue strength, machinability and yield strength; its industrial advantages are enormous.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a steam turbine comprising a rotor shaft integrating high and low pressure portions provided with blades at the final stage thereof having a length not less than 30 inches, wherein a steam temperature at first stage blades is 530.degree. C., a ratio (L/D) of a length (L) defined between bearings of the rotor shaft to a diameter (D) measured between the terminal ends of final stage blades is 1.4 to 2.3. This rotor shaft is composed of heat resisting steel containing by weight 0.15 to 0.4% C, not more than 0.1% Si, 0.05 to 0.25% Mn, 1.5 to 2.5% Ni, 0.8 to 2.5% Cr, 0.8 to 2.5% Mo and 0.15 to 0.35% V and, further, the heat resisting steel may contain at least one of Nb, Ta, W, Ti, Al, Zr, B, Ca, and rare earth elements.

Abstract: A method of treating low-expansion Fe--Ni--Co superalloys is disclosed in which the alloys are forged at a temperature below the recrystallization temperature and then recrystallized without the use of intervening annealing steps. It is necessary that the warm forging step introduce sufficient strain throughout the Fe--Ni--Co superalloy such that after recrystallizing, the superalloy has a substantially uniform microstructure. Alloys produced by this method exhibit good hydrogen charging embrittlement resistance, good strength and/or rupture ductility in moist air.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for machining a workpiece from a hardened unmachined part includes the use of non-rotating centers in a turning machine, on which the workpiece is mounted. The shape of the dead centers permits less force to be used in support of the workpiece for reducing friction between the rotating workpiece and non-rotating centers, while exerting a maximum amount of radial holding force to reduce runout in the machining operation. Lubrication can be supplied through the dead centers to further reduce friction and/or an anti-friction coating may be applied to the contacting surface of the centers for this purpose. Machining of the hardened part may be controlled by CNC equipment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a link of a vehicular endless track. According to this method, low-carbon boron steel is selected as a starting material for producing the link. The present invention involves the steps of forging and hot-trimming the link material to form a substantially final link shape. Then, the link material is rapidly cooled so that a metallic crystal structure of the link material is converted to martensite. Next, the link material is tempered at a low temperature. Finally, a pin hole and a bushing hole are machine finished in the link material.

Abstract: A clutch diaphragm comprises a peripheral Belleville ring portion and a central portion having a central aperture and comprising a set of radial fingers separated by slots, each of which extends from a blind end which is close to the peripheral portion to an inner end which is open into the central aperture, the latter being common to all of the slots.In a method of making this diaphragm, a flat blank is heat treated and is then soaked and hot formed to give the diaphragm a first diaphragm angle. It is then tempered in a tempering oven. The diaphragm is then transferred from the tempering oven to a stabilizing press, in which the conicity of the diaphragm is reversed while it is still hot from the tempering oven, so that instead of the first angle it now has an inversion angle.

Abstract: To improve the operation of high-pressure discharge lamps by preventing pature deformation of the end face of an anode due to extremely high temperature, with subsequent vaporization of tungsten material from the electrode and deposition on the bulb or vessel of the high-pressure discharge lamp, the electrode is axially forged, for example by hammering, to compact and change the grain structure of the electrode towards a finer grain than elsewhere in the electrode and increase the hardness of the electrode across the end face surface. Both--higher density and finer grain structure--increase the parameters which characterize the lifetime of electrodes, and hence of the lamp, namely heat conductivity and resistance against deformation under heat stress.

Abstract: A method for producing moldboard for use with plows and the like employs a process whereby the moldboards are shot peened under closely controlled conditions to form a textured, pocked contour across the working surface of the moldboard. This surface structure allows for several prior art steps to be eliminated, and also facilitates the scouring of the moldboard when it is first used thereby allowing the moldboard to scour until a working finish is established on the working surface of the moldboard.