Abstract: A fluid vapor distillation system. The system includes a control system for controlling a fluid vapor distillation apparatus including a blow down controller for controlling a blow down valve, a source flow controller for controlling a source flow valve, and a blow down level sensor in communication with a blow down controller and a source flow controller, the blow down level sensor sends signals related to the blow down level to the blow down controller and the source flow controller indicative of the blow down level, wherein the source flow controller actuates the source flow valve based at least on the blow down level sensor signals, and wherein the blow down controller actuates the blow down valve based at least on the blow down level sensor signals, whereby the blow down level and the source flow level are maintained using the blow down level sensor signals as input.

Abstract: An evaporator apparatus, system, and method can be utilized for separating, purifying, and refining contaminated fluids. The evaporator comprises a burner, a conically shaped heat sink to form an evaporate from the fluids with profiles arranged on the liquid contacting surface a unique multiple surfaced apparatus for collecting the evaporate, condensing the evaporate as purified water separating it from the evaporator, a device for collecting the unevaporated brine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of preparing an aromatic vinyl compound-vinyl cyanide compound polymer including a step of separating volatile components from a polymerization product containing an aromatic vinyl compound-vinyl cyanide compound polymer, a residual aromatic vinyl monomer, a residual vinyl cyanide monomer, and an organic solvent using a volatilization tank, and a step of condensing the separated volatile components using a condenser, wherein an organic solvent or an aromatic vinyl monomer is sprayed onto the volatile components being transferred to the condenser. Volatile components may be fully condensed in a condenser, thereby significantly reducing the amount of volatile components discharged to the outside without being condensed. Therefore, wastewater treatment costs consumed in treating the volatile components may be reduced, and the amount of vinyl cyanide monomers harmful to the human body discharged into the atmosphere may be significantly reduced.

Abstract: A process to treat water includes adding a salt-forming base to the water thereby producing saline water, or thereby forming a salt in the water which is different from a salt that the water started out with, if the water started out as saline. The saline water is treated, at a temperature T1 which is above the saturation temperature of the saline water, in a first membrane separation stage to provide clean water and a first brine, the salinity of the first brine being higher than the salinity of the saline water. The first brine is cooled to a temperature T2 to precipitate some of the salt from the first brine and the precipitated salt is separated from the first brine producing a second brine, the temperature T2 being below the temperature T1 but above the freezing temperature of the first brine. The second brine is treated at a temperature T3 above the saturation temperature of the second brine in a second membrane separation stage to provide clean water and a third brine.

Abstract: A vehicle system is disclosed. The vehicle system includes an automatic transmission fluid cooling conduit. The automatic transmission fluid cooling conduit includes an inlet portion, an outlet portion, and an elbow portion connecting the inlet and outlet portions and having an inner surface defining a cavity in fluid communication with the inlet and outlet portions. The automatic transmission fluid cooling conduit also includes an oleophobic or hydrophobic coating on the inner surface. The oleophobic or hydrophobic coating is configured to reduce eddy currents in the cavity.

Abstract: A distillation apparatus and method of more rapidly purifying water, potable spirits and essential oils and more specifically to a unique heat distribution device referred to herein as the flame flow that provides for the contents of the apparatus to reach evaporation temperatures more quickly and maintain temperature to provide better control and more evenly heat the contents of a distillation apparatus.

Abstract: Electronic devices are disclosed including hydrophobic or oleophobic coatings that control coolant flow therein or thereon. In at least one embodiment, a power inverter cold plate is provided including coolant inlet, a coolant outlet, a coolant flow spreading region, a coolant flow collection region, and a coolant heat-transfer region disposed therebetween; and one or more layers of a hydrophobic or oleophobic coating configured to control a flow of coolant in the cold plate. A method may include applying one or more layers of a hydrophobic or oleophobic coating to a power inverter cold plate to control a flow of coolant in the cold plate, the one or more layers being applied to one or more of a coolant flow spreading region, a coolant flow collection region, or a coolant heat-transfer region disposed therebetween. The layers may define coolant flow paths, eliminate recirculation zones, and/or prevent coolant leak paths.

Abstract: A thermal exchange device with reduced sizes and suitable to cool down electronic components in data center is disclosed. The device includes: a pair of outer plates integral thereto, equipped with respective inlet doors and outlet doors for a cooling fluid and for a fluid to be cooled down, respectively; and an intermediate plate, interposed between the outer plates and integral thereto, which intermediate plate bears respective thermal exchange surfaces faced to the outer plates and equipped with fins suitable to increase the area of thermal exchange with the fluids, wherein the whole configuration is so that between each outer plate and the respective exchange surface a passage compartment for the respective fluid remain defined, which thermal exchange device is made integral, at an outer plate, with the casing of the electronic component to be cooled down.

Abstract: A composition and method for a high solids yogurt with reduced water activity. The high solids yogurt can be formed, for example, by culturing a high solids milk. Lactose present in the high solids milk can be hydrolyzed to glucose and galactose. Water activity of the yogurt can be further reduced by applying a vacuum-dehydration process to the high solids yogurt. The water activity of the yogurt can also be reduced by adding solutes to the yogurt. The composition can be used in food products, either in isolation or in combination with other components, for example, grain-based components.

Abstract: An automatic cooking apparatus includes a main housing, a drinking water supply unit, a cooking apparatus and a controller. The drinking water supply unit includes a drinking water tank and a drinking water supplying apparatus including a water delivering unit connected to the drinking water tank. At least one drinking water outlet is provided on the main housing and is connected to the water delivering unit. The cooking apparatus includes a food storage tank and a cooking unit. The cooking unit includes a pot and a heater thermally communicated with the pot. The controller is electrically connected to the drinking water supply unit and the cooking apparatus, and operates the automatic cooking apparatus on at least one of a water supplying mode and a cooking mode.

Abstract: A gas/liquid heat exchanger comprises a stack of flat tubes, defining liquid flow passages. Spaces between the flat tubes define gas flow passages, with the sides of the core having an irregular comb-like arrangement. The heat exchanger further comprises a housing having side covers over the sides of the core, and being spaced from the sides of the core. The core has at least one portion of reduced width, so as to provide channels extending throughout the height of the core. The heat exchanger further comprises a pair of side seals at least partly received in the gap between the side cover of the housing and the core, and more particularly in the channels along the sides of the core. The side seal extends throughout the height of the core and has a thickness which is greater than that of the gap.

Abstract: A method for detecting material in a sample using an ICP instrument includes preparing the sample for analysis by the ICP instrument using hydrogen gas. For example, hydrogen gas can be generated by initiating a hydride generation reaction with the sample. Further, hydrogen gas can be introduced to a component part of the sample. For instance, hydrogen gas can be added to an injector gas in a spray chamber of the ICP instrument.

Abstract: A dust filter mounted in a semiconductor waste gas treatment equipment comprising a housing having a chamber in the housing for passing a gas containing a water molecular and a dust through; and one or more main filtration boxes which can be implanted into the chamber by withdrawing way. One or more capturing rings and a filtering cotton for filtering the water molecular and the dust from the gas being disposed in the main filtration box, and the gas being sequentially passed through the capturing ring and the filtering cotton. It is an objective to solve a problem saying that it is not easy to clean the conventional dust filter because the structure of it is too complex.

Abstract: A thermal distillation apparatus including evaporation surfaces that are wetted with a solution, and from which at least some of the volatile solvent contained in the solution evaporates, condensers having an external surface in close proximity to, but not touching, a corresponding one of the one or more evaporation surfaces, and on which vapors of the solvent condense, releasing thermal energy that heats a flow of the solution moving upward within the condensers, spacers that prevent contact between the evaporating surfaces and the condensers, wherein spaces between the evaporating surfaces and the condensers are filled with a gaseous mixture composed of solvent vapor and one or more non-condensable gases, and except for diffusion of the solvent vapor relative to the non-condensable gases, the gaseous mixture is stationary.

Abstract: Hydrogen generation assemblies, hydrogen purification devices, and their components, and methods of manufacturing those assemblies, devices, and components are disclosed. In some embodiments, the devices may include frames with membrane support structures and/or may include a microscreen structure configured to prevent intermetallic diffusion.

Abstract: The humidification-dehumidification desalination system includes a humidifier, a dehumidifier, and a carrier gas that is humidified in the humidifier and condensed in the dehumidifier to produce purified water. The humidifier preferably includes multiple stages in a staircase configuration in which at least one stage has a perforated or porous plate and the carrier gas is bubbled through the bottom of the plate into the “liquid to be purified” atop the plate. The dehumidifier may also include multiple stages in a staircase configuration in which at least one stage has a perforated or porous plate and the carrier gas is bubbled through the bottom of the plate into the purified liquid atop the plate. In both the humidifier and the dehumidifier, the liquid travels downward from one stage to the next stage. The system may be operated in a closed loop, so that the carrier gas is recirculated from the dehumidifier to the humidifier.

Abstract: A process for producing a fluorinated copolymer includes polymerizing a fluorinated monomer having a carboxylic acid functional group or a sulfonic acid functional group and a fluorinated olefin by a solution polymerization method in a polymerization medium to obtain a mixture containing a fluorinated copolymer, an unreacted monomer and the polymerization medium. The mixture is continuously or intermittently transferred to an evaporation vessel provided with a stirrer and heating the mixture with stirring in the evaporation vessel to evaporate and recover the unreacted monomer and the polymerization medium.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a security management system of a computer network, which includes a center server and two or more relay servers. The relay servers receives at least some of data stored in the center server and stores the received at least some of data. A first relay server stores access authentication information and transmits data requested by the client to the client, when access information received from a client does not match with the access authentication information. The center server transmits a ‘block relay’ command to the first relay server and a ‘start relay’ command to a second relay server, when the center server receives information on the malicious access. Accordingly, the second relay server performs a relay function instead of the first relay server.

Abstract: A reactor comprising a vessel; a fluid dispensing system having a plurality of ports arranged lengthwise along the inner surface of the vessel to distribute the fluid thereon in a controlled manner to maintain substantially uniform thin film flow along the length of the inner surface; and an outlet for removing vapor. A system comprising a fluid source; a first vessel; a heat exchanger for preheating the fluid; a first pathway for directing a preheating fluid from the first vessel to the heat exchanger; and a second pathway for directing preheated fluid toward the first vessel for processing. A method comprising introducing a fluid; distributing the fluid in a controlled manner to form a substantially uniform thin film flow an inner surface of a vessel; evaporating fluid; and removing vapor. A method comprising introducing a fluid; processing the fluid; directing processed fluid into another vessel; and further processing the fluid.

Abstract: A plate evaporator apparatus of the falling film type comprises a housing having an inlet for liquid to be evaporated and having mounted therein a package of heat transferring plates with plate interspaces, every second one of which forms an evaporation space for at least partial evaporation of liquid and the other plate interspaces forming condensation spaces for at least partial condensation of a heat emitting vapour. First seals delimit distribution chambers, each of which is in liquid flow communication with at least one evaporation space by flow ways spaced apart along the package width. The heat transferring plates have through openings aligned to form a passage extending through the plate package. A pipe is connected to the inlet and has apertures distributed along its length in flow communication with the distribution chambers, for supplying the liquid to be evaporated from the inlet to the distribution chambers through the apertures.

Abstract: A device for evaporating a predeterminable volume of fluid provides for successive addition of partial volumes of the predeterminable volume to a supply line at different adding rates, at least partially evaporating the partial volumes forming a vapor film between them and a supply line wall, conveying the partial volumes through the supply line to an evaporator surface, and applying the partial volumes to an evaporator surface region varying as a function of mass and/or volume adding rate of the partial volume, permitting effective evaporation of fluid, particularly urea/water solution. Utilization of the highest possible proportion of evaporator surfaces is achieved by mass and/or volume addition rate-dependent distribution of impingement surfaces on the evaporator surface. This heating strategy in the supply line region ensures the Leidenfrost effect when individual partial volumes are added.

Abstract: Accumulation of polymer on equipment, which is in contact with polymerizable material during normal process operation, is minimized by the method and apparatus of the present invention. The method involves positioning and affixing the equipment, such as a pressure relief device, to process apparatus, such as a distillation column, proximate to a wetted region formed by liquid phase fluid in the process apparatus, such that the moving liquid phase fluid is at least intermittently in contact with the equipment and one or more of accumulated polymerizable material, condensate including same, and polymer, is washed off of the equipment. The apparatus of the present invention is effective for maintaining the service-readiness of the equipment, which provides for safe long-term operation of the process apparatus.

Abstract: A device for evaporating a predeterminable volume of fluid provides for successive addition of partial volumes of the predeterminable volume to a supply line at different adding rates, at least partially evaporating the partial volumes forming a vapor film between them and a supply line wall, conveying the partial volumes through the supply line to an evaporator surface, and applying the partial volumes to an evaporator surface region varying as a function of mass and/or volume adding rate of the partial volume, permitting effective evaporation of fluid, particularly urea/water solution. Utilization of the highest possible proportion of evaporator surfaces is achieved by mass and/or volume addition rate-dependent distribution of impingement surfaces on the evaporator surface. This heating strategy in the supply line region ensures the Leidenfrost effect when individual partial volumes are added.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is provided an evaporator/calciner in which hazardous materials, such as radioactive liquids, are converted into chemically stable, solid forms by evaporating, drying and calcination within a single vessel, that can then be sealed and used for long term storage.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for stripping wort, with the apparatus including a receptacle that has a wort inlet and a wort outlet, and a heater on the side wall of the receptacle as well as a distributor device which applies the wort to the heating surface of the heater, such that the wort runs down the heating surface as a film.

Abstract: A modular device for the continuous degas sing of reaction products, such as of a carboxylic acid or a polycarboxylic acid with a multi-functional alcohol suitable for application in the production of precondensates (or also prepolymers), has a heated enclosure in which a plurality of modules are stacked one above the other, each said module having a base. There is a vapor inlet to the uppermost module and a discharge port at the lower most module with at least one module intermediate the uppermost and lowest modules to provide space for expansion of the vapor. The base of each module preferably is concave and there are conduits that provide flow communication between the modules.

Abstract: The large volume reactor or a thin film evaporator including a housing enclosing a reactor chamber . A reactor rotor driven about an axis of rotation is located in the reactor chamber. The housing comprises a reactor chamber inlet opening and a product outlet. A premixing unit is located adjacent the reactor chamber inlet opening, which is configured to mix a starting material fed through one or more product inlet openings to form a prepared substance which is fed directly to the reactor chamber.

Abstract: A grid falling film devolatilizer including a tower housing, a liquid distributor for distributing liquid within the tower housing, and one or more internal towers arranged in the tower housing in a parallel manner, for continuously forming and regenerating a large surface of film material using liquid from the liquid distributor. Each internal tower has (i) a round, square or rectangle cross section, (ii) four corners, (iii) four pillars standing at the four corners of the internal tower, respectively, and (iv) multiple grid trays supported within the internal tower and numbering between 2 to 500. Each pair of neighboring grid plates having an interval in the range of about 20 to 500 mm. Also, each grid tray includes a pair of beams, a plurality of grid bars and corresponding guide members.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention, in the case of an apparatus in which a liquid containing material having a lower boiling point than that of the liquid is made to flow down along an external surface of a guide, during which time the lower boiling point material is evaporated, to provide a specific apparatus that can be operated stably for a prolonged period of time on an industrial scale such that not less than 1 ton/hr of the liquid is subjected to the evaporation, and furthermore to provide a specific industrial evaporation apparatus in which there are no problems due to degeneration caused by some of the liquid residing in the apparatus for a prolonged period of time.

Abstract: A tert-C4–C8-alkyl (meth)acrylate is prepared by reacting (meth)acrylic acid with an olefin of the formula where R1 and R2, which may be identical or different, are methyl or ethyl and R3 is H, methyl or ethyl, in homogeneous phase in the presence of an acidic catalyst and isolating the tert-C4–C8-alkyl (meth)acrylate from the reaction mixture, by a process in which the catalyst is separated off as residue by a two-stage distillation of the reaction mixture and the tert-C4–C8-alkyl (meth)acrylate is isolated from the distillates. The novel process makes it possible to use acetic acid-containing (meth)acrylic acid. The danger of cleavage of the ester and of polymerization of (meth)acrylic compounds is reduced.

Abstract: The present application is directed to a continuous contacting apparatus for separating a liquid component from a liquid mixture.

Abstract: A method for distilling a fluid which is useful, for instance, in eliminating salt from brackish and/or sea water includes percolating films on plates with multiple effects having several evaporating zones and condensation zones. The evaporation zones (EVAP) and the condensation zones (COND) are vertically arranged. The liquid to be distilled emerges in the top part of the evaporation zone (EVAP). The vapors produced in the evaporation zone (EVAP) are horizontally transferred into the condensation zone (COND) through a communicating connection. The condensed liquid percolates vertically along the walls of the condensation zone and is evacuated from the lower part of the condensation zone. A distilling plant is also provided for implementing the distilling method, and includes plural cascades made up of elementary cells alternatingly assembled in thermal series.

Abstract: A method is provided for preventing an easily polymerizable substance from being polymerized in a thin-film type evaporating device by supplying a solution of the substance to the evaporating heating surface of the device by the centrifugal force of a stirring rotary shaft, characterized by mixing a distilled vapor of the substance with a molecular oxygen-containing gas and supplying the extracted liquid or a solution having lower viscosity than the extracted liquid to a feed raw material inlet thereby adjusting the quantity of a wetting liquid per unit length of the surface in the range of 0.02-2 m3/mHr. In the evaporation of the substance by the use of the device, a method for preventing the substance from polymerization is provided.

Abstract: An arrangement for a falling film type reactor uses corrugated plates to improve the distribution and dispersion of the gaseous reactant into the liquid. Corrugated plates introduce increased turbulence for promoting better distribution and dispersion of the gas. Corrugation angles can be varied to suit the fluid flow properties of the liquid reactant. The reactor arrangement can also include heat transfer channels defined by the corrugated plates in an alternate arrangement of heat transfer channels and gas liquid contacting channels. The corrugations may also be varied to suit the particular heat transfer requirements of the reactions. The corrugated plates are spaced apart in the contacting channels to prevent localized film contact and placed in contact in the heat exchange portion to stabilize the plate elements defining the corrugations.

Abstract: A tert-C4-C8-alkyl (meth)acrylate is prepared by reacting (meth)acrylic acid with an olefin of the formula 1

Abstract: A thin film distiller is provided which applies distilland to an evaporative side by the use of wicks which work by capillary action. The evaporated vapor is transferred to the condensate side after being compressed to a higher pressure where it is condensed and removed by similar wicks. The condensing and evaporating surfaces are formed on opposing sides of a bellows-like sheet of heat conducting material. The sheet would preferably be formed into a cylindrical shape with the evaporative stage on the outside and the condensing stage on the inside of the cylinder. Either the wicks or the heat conducting material are moved with respect to the other such that the wicks place a thin film of distilland on the evaporative surface. Removal of condensate is performed in a similar manner by the wicks in the condensate stage.

Abstract: Liquid organic material is controllably delivered to a receptacle located in the center of a heated surface capable of horizontally rotating about its central axis. As the heated surface rotates, material deposited within the central receptacle is forced outwardly and across the rotating surface. As the material moves radially, it evaporates into a vapor which is then transported to one or more nozzles. From the nozzles, the vapor is applied to a substrate and condensed. Relative to existing devices and methods, the present invention enables the evaporation of a wider variety of organic liquids, greater reliability in continuous operation, a decrease in maintenance, and a larger and more constant material flow rate.