Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for one pot solids recovery from solutions, slurries, emulsions, dispersions, gels, semisolids, and their like. Further the system can be used for controlled concentration of solutions, slurries, emulsions, dispersions, gels, semisolids, and their like to enable easy to operate cost effective energy efficient processes. The system is so constructed to enhance the contact between the liquid medium and the gaseous medium used in the process for effective heat transfer. The system can be used for controlled concentration and/or recovery of substantially dry solids in applications related to foods, nutraceuticals, natural products, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, etc.

Abstract: A falling film evaporator, includes an outer shell formed by a cylindrical shell and convex ends, at least one tube bundle formed of vertical tubes arranged inside the outer shell, whereby a heat-releasing, condensable vapor can be fed into the vertical tubes from below upwards, and a heat-receiving, vaporizable liquid can be fed to the upper end of the tube bundle to flow downwards along the outer surface of the vertical tubes as a thin liquid layer, whereby an element for discharging non-condensable gases contained in the heat-releasing vapor has been arranged in the tube bundle. The evaporator includes two or more tube bundles each being provided with a tube plate of its own, whereby the vertical tubes of each tube bundle are at their lower ends attached to the tube plate of the corresponding tube bundle and at their upper ends to collecting manifolds of the corresponding tube bundle.

Abstract: A method of operating an evaporator is described. In evaporator feed water, a Taylor bubble is developed which has an outer surface including a thin film in contact with an inner surface of an outer wall of an evaporator tube. The Taylor bubble is heated as it rises within the evaporator tube so that liquid in the thin film transitions into vapor within the bubble.

Abstract: The evaporative desalination system removes salt and contaminants from brine or salt water to produce purified potable water. The evaporative desalination system includes an inclined housing having a raised upper end and a lower end. An upper wall of the inclined housing is formed from an optically transparent material, such as glass. A plurality of stepped evaporator trays are mounted within the inclined housing, and a water collection tray is disposed within the inclined housing adjacent the lower end. Ambient light is transmitted through the optically transparent upper wall, causing the salt water contained within the plurality of stepped evaporator trays to evaporate. Evaporated water vapor rises from each evaporator tray to form a layer of condensed pure water on the inner surface of the upper wall. The condensed pure water drips toward the lower end of the inclined housing to collect in the water collection tray.

Abstract: Device for distillation, for example extraction of fresh water from sea water, including a number of chambers (3) at least in one row, an inlet (10) for distillation fluid, an outlet (11) for the distillation residue, an outlet (5) for the distillate, and a gas compressor (13). Further, the device includes two pipe systems (1,2), where the first pipe system (1) has an inlet (10) for the distillation fluid and an outlet (11) for the distillation residue, together with an outlet (12) for damp. The second pipe system (2) has a number of chambers (3) in a row, each row (3) having an upper inlet (4) for damp and a lower outlet (5) for distillate. The inlets (4) are connected in parallel, and the outlets (5) are connected in parallel.

Abstract: A compact array of vertical rising film evaporators is disclosed in an evacuated multi-effect process, for desalination of seawater, using waste heat of thermal machines. Vapor produced in one stage is the heat source for the next. This invention is based on a concentric disposition of three different evaporators, at which the first stage is a shell and tube evaporator built in a ring format, where is inserted inside the intermediate stage that is a bundle of vertical tubes in a ring format, and the last stage that is a bundle of vertical tubes placed inside the intermediate stage. By this arrangement, vapor pipelines are eliminated, dimensions are reduced, and heat transfer is improved per the rising film evaporators compared to falling film.

Abstract: A process and a device for treating a liquid by separating out constituents contained in the liquid. Pollutants are removed or the liquid is sterilized by partial evaporization. The liquid is introduced into a vacuum tank in which a portion thereof is evaporated. The remaining liquid phase is discharged from the vacuum tank. The liquid in the vacuum tank flows under the effect of gravity on a fixed inclined or horizontal surface on which it forms a liquid film. The vapor phase emerges from the liquid film as a function of the vapor pressure defined relative to the prevailing temperature. The flow surface slopes downwardly away from the inflow of the liquid, it rises slightly or it extends horizontally.

Abstract: An evaporation assembly for concentrating liquids having an evaporation area for conveying a liquid to be concentrated and a heating system for heating and concentrating the liquid conveyed through the evaporation area. The evaporation area includes a liquid inlet for introducing liquid to be concentrated into the evaporation area, and a liquid and vapor outlet for conveying the liquid through the evaporation area. A vapor circulating system is coupled between the liquid inlet end and the liquid and vapor outlet of the evaporation area for increasing the velocity of the liquid to be concentrated for impeding or removing precipitated particles or deposits from the heat exchange surfaces.

Abstract: A distillation plant is constructed with an evaporator, separator and distillation column integrated together on a common vertical axis so as to eliminate bends and reduced cross sections in the product flow. The distillation column employs a regular packing to further reduce the pressure drop and operating temperatures over the height of the column. The overall pressure drop in the distillation plant is held to a range of less than 20 mbar.

Abstract: An evaporation assembly for concentrating liquids having an evaporation area for conveying a liquid to be concentrated and a heating system for heating and concentrating the liquid conveyed through the evaporation area. The evaporation area includes a liquid inlet for introducing liquid to be concentrated into the evaporation area, and a liquid and vapor outlet for conveying the liquid through the evaporation area. A vapor circulating system is coupled between the liquid inlet end and the liquid and vapor outlet of the evaporation area for increasing the velocity of the liquid to be concentrated for inpeding or removing precipitated particles or deposits from the heat exchange surfaces.

Abstract: An apparatus for concentrating a dilute solution comprising a heat receiving thin plate which has a good thermal conductivity and is provided on its rear surface not facing a heat source with a liquid absorbing layer for absorbing a solution supplied thereto for concentration, and at least one condensation thin plate which has a good thermal conductivity and is provided with a liquid absorbing layer on at least one surface thereof, the heat receiving plate and the condensation plate or plates being arranged in parallel spaced relationship with each other and each of them being partly formed with at least one groove for supplying the solution to be concentrated to the liquid absorbing layers. A dilute solution supplied to and impregnated in the liquid absorbing layers through the grooves is concentrated by the heat supplied to the heat receiving plate or the latent heat of condensation released to the condensation plate.

Abstract: Concentration of a liquid by evaporation is performed in a heat exchanger having riser tubes for the liquid and a granular mass fluidized by the liquid to occupy the tubes. At their upper and lower ends the tubes open into upper and lower chambers. A hot medium contacts the tubes to transfer heat to the liquid. In order to render this heat exchanger effective for evaporation concentration, means are provided for vapor collection and discharge from the upper chamber, the riser tubes extend above the base of the upper chamber. A return conduit for recirculation of the liquid and granular mass connects the upper chamber to the lower chamber, opening in each case at a lower level than the riser tubes. Supply and discharge connections for the liquid are at levels lower than the upper ends of the riser tubes.

Abstract: In a vessel (1), several mutually parallel evaporator tubes (2) are arranged which, on their outside, are surrounded by heating steam introduced into the interior (1a) of the vessel. A coaxial displacement body (3) is arranged in the interior of the evaporator tubes (2). A gap (5) is formed between the displacement body (103) and the surrounding evaporator tube (2). The displacement bodies (3) are fixed to a bottom (6) which is demountably joined to the vessel (1). The displacement bodies (3) can be removed by removing the bottom (6). The pre-evaporated product, introduced from below and leaving the evaporator tubes (2) at the top, is passed to a vapor-release vessel (11) in which a separation of vapors and concentrate takes place. Each displacement body (3) is formed by a rifled tube which has been provided by deformation with at least one spirally running recess (4). The product flows through both the gap (5) and this recess (4).

Abstract: A climbing film heat exchange apparatus and particularly an evaporator is provided wherein a turbine is mounted on the shaft of the evaporator so that it is not necessary to provide a fluid seal on the shaft and, in some embodiments, the heat employed to drive the turbine also serves as part or all of the heat supplied to the apparatus for the heat treatment. In some embodiments of the invention wherein a hydrocarbon fluid is employed and it is desired to recover water, the water of combustion is recovered as part of the desired product.

Abstract: Internally of an insert arranged within a container there is disposed a pre-evaporator, which at its lower end has an inlet for the starting material and at its upper end opens into a treatment compartment or chamber. The pre-evaporator is surrounded by a heating jacket whose outer surface serves as a heated treatment wall. For forming a thin layer there coact, with such treatment wall, up and down movable wiper elements. Arranged coaxially with respect to the insert or insert member, within the container, is a surface condenser. The starting material or product which is to be processed, is pre-evaporated within the pre-evaporator and subjected, along the treatment wall, to a final evaporation. The lighter volatile constituents condense at the surface condenser, and the condensate can be separately outfed from the concentrate which is formed during the final evaporation.

Abstract: A vapor compression type distillation unit is provided for distilling brackish water or seawater wherein high heat transfer rates are achieved in a vertical shell and tube type vaporizer while avoiding carry-over normally resulting from excessive foaming and its entrainment of liquid droplets in the vapor. A pool of liquid is maintained at the lower end of the vaporizer to be fed into the tubes with the level of the liquid being relatively low so that most of the length of the tube is filled with a frothy mixture conducive to high heat transfer rates. The mixture of vapor and liquid discharged from the upper ends of the tubes is caused to flow laterally and then downwardly through a downtake passage communicating with the lower end of the vaporizer. A vapor outlet is provided intermediate the ends of the downtake passage in such a manner that the vapor must change its direction of flow, preferably substantially 180.degree.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are self-emulsifiable compositions containing water soluble micronutrients such as inorganic salts of zinc or manganese in a finely divided form. The concentrates are prepared from inexpensive water soluble compounds by an emulsion dehydration process. The compositions containing horticultural mineral spray oils are capable of forming a stable emulsion with water by gentle shaking. Alternatively, the compositions may be diluted further with additional spray oils and remain as a suspension.

Abstract: In the processing of a corrosive liquid mixture, such as 50 to 80% aqueous sulfuric acid, by its passage over one surface of a wall of inert heat resistant material, and heating the other surface of said wall, thereby to evaporate from said corrosive liquid mixture the more volatile component thereof, the improvement which comprises heating said wall by contact with an inert liquid material, and heating said inert liquid material indirectly through heat exchange with a normally solid molten material. Desirably the wall of inert material is a pipe surrounded by a molten metal in a first annular jacket and a molten salt in a second annular jacket.

Abstract: An apparatus for partially drying and feeding material from an external source into a drying mill is disclosed. A conduit comprising first and second wall members and having an annular cross-section substantially throughout its acial length is connected to one end of a receiving chamber. Means are provided for guiding the material to be dried from an external source into a receiving chamber and for depositing the material in an area within the receiving chamber which is substantially coaxial with the conduit. Hot gases are introduced into the receiving chamber and propelled into and along the annular conduit with a generally circumferentially cyclonic flow. As the gas proceeds through the conduit, it carries with it the material deposited in the receiving chamber and feeds it into a drying mill.

Abstract: In the processing of a corrosive liquid mixture, such as 50 to 80% aqueous sulfuric acid, by its passage over one surface of a wall of inert heat resistant material, and heating the other surface of said wall, thereby to evaporate from said corrosive liquid mixture the more volatile component thereof, the improvement which comprises heating said wall by contact with an inert liquid material, and heating said inert liquid material indirectly through heat exchange with a normally solid molten material. Desirably the wall of inert material is a pipe surrounded by a molten metal in a first annular jacket and a molten salt in a second annular jacket.