Abstract: A novel composite board of mineral wool, perlite, and cellulosic newsprint fibers for use as an acoustical tile is disclosed. The board displays a high porosity, a fine pore structure, a low density gradient through its thickness and an acceptable strength. The board is manufactured by a process that includes a flotation step prior to the final formation step.

Abstract: The manufacture of sag-resistant, lightweight structural mineral panels on a foraminous support wire is accomplished by forming a dilute aqueous dispersion of mineral fiber and/or aggregate and an anionically stabilized latex binder, coupling the binder solids onto the mineral fiber materials by adding a small amount of a flocculant such as a cationic polyacrylamide, and passing the slurry onto a first flooded section of the support wire to form an open, entangled, structural mass having water in interstitial spaces of the entangled mass. Water is stripped from the mass and the mass dried without collapse of the open structure by passing heated dry air through the open entangled structure.

Abstract: A fundamentally new papermaking process for the manufacture of paper, board and other wet-laid products on a paper machine under conditions ranging from acidic to alkaline from aqueous furnishes treated with in-situ-synthesized complex functional microgels.

Abstract: Provided is a high tear strength, high tensile strength paper product. The product comprises a wood pulp fiber, a non-cellulosic synthetic fiber having a tear strength enhancing denier and length, and a binder material. The resulting paper product exhibits a combination of tear strength and tensile strength which can equal that of cotton cloth of the same basis weight, and can therefore be used as a less expensive substitute for cotton cloth in many applications.

Abstract: Tissue paper webs useful in the manufacture of soft, absorbent products such as paper towels, napkins, and facial tissues, and processes for making the webs. The tissue paper webs comprise papermaking fibers, a quaternary ammonium compound, a polyhydroxy plasticizer, and a permanent wet strength resin. The process comprises a first step of forming an aqueous papermaking furnish from the above-mentioned components. The second and third steps in the basic process are the deposition of the papermaking furnish onto a foraminous surface such as a Fourdrinier wire and removal of the water from the deposited furnish. An alternate process involves the use of the furnish containing the aforementioned components in a papermaking process which will produce a pattern densified fibrous web having a relatively high bulk field of relatively low fiber density in a patterned array of spaced zones of relatively high fiber density.

Abstract: Absorbent structures such as tissues, towels, wipes, and the like, are prepared from mixed furnishes. One furnish comprises a typical pulp slurry, whereas the second furnish is treated with a latex material. Particular types of surface-hydrophilic latexes, both cationic and nonionic, are disclosed for use with the second furnish. The resulting paper articles are characterized by their improved feel, strength and absorbency.

Abstract: Substrates for electrode systems, particularly those to be used for bipolar electrodes in zinc-bromine batteries, are disclosed. The substrates preferably include carbon-black as a conductive filler in a polymeric matrix, with reinforcing materials such as glass fibers. Warpage of the zinc-bromine electrodes which was experienced in the prior art and which was believed to be caused by physical expansion of the electrodes due to bromine absorption by the carbon-black, is substantially eliminated when new substrate fabrication techniques are employed. In the pesent invention, substrates are prepared using a lamination process known as glass mat reinforced thermoplastics technology or, in an alternate embodiment, the substrate is made using a slurry process.

Abstract: A support for photographic printing paper comprising a water resistant support comprising a raw paper with a polyethylene resin coated on both sides thereof, and a back layer provided on the support, wherein the back layer comprises:(a) colloidal silica;(b) an aqueous dispersion of a styrene-acrylate copolymer as obtained by polymerizing in the presence of a water-soluble polymer; and(c) at least one member selected from the group consisting of a water-soluble polymer compound containing a carboxylic group or a sulfone group, or its salt, and a hydrophilic organic polymer colloid.

Abstract: A paper mat is made from an aqueous slurry or dispersion of kraft wood pulp, a large amount of finely divided inorganic pigments and as a binder an anionic latex of a copolymer of at least one conjugated diene monomer, at least one vinyl substituted aromatic monomer, at least one acrylic-type monomer and at least one monomer having a vinyl group and an activatable methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl ester group. The mat of this invention exhibits improved properties over mats made from other latex binders.

Abstract: A receiving material for ink-jet printing includes a polyolefin coated base paper and an ink receiving layer applied on the front face thereof, and the receiving layer contains a mixture of gelatin and starch.

Abstract: A nonwoven composite web consists of 15 to 50 wt. % of first polyester fibers having a first length, a first denier and a first melting temperature; 15 to 50 wt. % of second polyester fibers having a second length, a second denier and a second melting temperature; 15 to 50 wt. % of third polyester fibers having a third length, a third denier and a third melting temperature; 10 to 35 wt. % of polypropylene fibers; and 1 to 25 wt. % of cellulose fibers. The first, second and third lengths are no less than 1/2 inch, the first, second and third denier are no less than 1.5, and the third melting temperature is less than the first and second melting temperatures respectively. The first and second polyester fibers, the polypropylene fibers and the cellulose fibers are bonded to each other at least in part by solidification of the third polyester fibers after subjecting the web to temperatures in excess of the third melting temperature but not in excess of the first and second melting temperatures.

Abstract: A process for producing a printed circuit board includes steps, sequentially conducted of dispersing in water or organic solvent:(A) 95 to 20% by weight of a styrene polymer having a syndiotactic structure, (B) 5 to 80% by weight of a fibrous filler having a fiber length of 1 to 50 mm, and (C) 0.1 to 30 parts by weight of at least one of a binder and a binding fiber in proportion to 100 parts by weight of the total amount of the components (A) and (B), to make a slurry having a concentration of 0.5 to 100 g/l; separating the solids from the slurry and drying and molding them. Thereafter the solids are either subjected to melting with heating and pressure forming into the molded article, or they are impregnated with a thermoplastic resin which is then cured. Finally, a metal layer is provided on the molded article.

Abstract: Gasketing paper is commonly made by the beater addition process. In the beater addition process a furnish composition is prepared by mixing latex into a fiber slurry which also typically contains one or more fillers. The beater addition process is currently being scrutinized because of environmental concerns. More specifically, conventional latices used in the beater addition process contain curatives, such as amines, sulfur, and zinc compounds, which are discharged into the environment via the affluent from the process. By practicing the process of this invention gasketing paper can be manufactured by an environmentally sound technique. In one embodiment of this invention gasketing paper is made by beater addition with the latex utilized in the process being comprised of (a) at least one rubber having both pendant blocked isocyanate groups and groups containing at least one active Zerewitinoff hydrogen, (b) at least one emulsifier, and (c) water.

Abstract: Cellulose fibers are entrained in a gaseous medium and sized while entrained with a sizing material. The sizing material may comprise a nonaqueous solution of alkyl ketene dimer or other sizing material. Also, immersions of fibers in such a nonaqueous sizing solution is another approach for sizing fibers.

Abstract: A method of preparing a paper having a reinforced strength wherein a polymer latex is added to a paper stock in an amount of from 2.5 to 30% by weight. The polymer latex is prepared by neutralizing a seed polymer with an acid or a salt or by quaternizing it with a quaternizing agent. The surfaces of the emulsion grains are provided with a large number of cationic groups. The seed polymer is formed by adding a monomer represented by the following formula (I) or a mixture of the monomer (I) and copolymerizable ethylenic unsaturated monomer(s) (II) to a seed latex of a carboxyl-modified synthetic rubber latex or synthetic resin emulsion and polymerizing them: ##STR1## R.sub.1 represents H or CH.sub.3 ; R.sub.2 represents an alkylene group having from 2 to 5 carbon atoms;R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each represents H or an alkyl group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms;A represents ##STR2## and R.sub.1, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are so selected that the monomer is hardly soluble or insoluble in water.

Abstract: Low density mineral wool structural panels are manufactured by frothing a dilute aqueous dispersion of mineral wool, lightweight aggregate, binder and a small amount of amine-based cationic surfactant onto a non-woven scrim cover sheet, dewatering the mass and drying it. The froth is a mass of weakly resilient bubbles that rapidly dewater and burst to concentrate the solids in the mass. The bubbles are readily broken without loss of the voided structural configuration by a first application of brief pulses of high vacuum followed by further dewatering under vacuum and rapid drying by passing large volumes of air through the voided mass without collapse of the structure to result in lightweight structural mineral wool panels.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing gloss coated paper by applying a coating composition containing a pigment and an adhesive on base paper. The pigment contains 5 to 40% by weight of satin white with an average particle diameter of 0.8 .mu.m or below and an organic pigment with an average particle diameter of 0.1 to 1.0 .mu.m and a glass transition point (Tg) of 40.degree. C. or above. The weight ratio of the satin white to the organic pigment is from 0.2/1 to 5/1. The coating composition provides a coated paper with excellent gloss and smoothness.

Abstract: Disposable sanitary articles comprise paper treated with polycationic latexes as wet-strength agents. The paper has sufficient wet strength that it can serve as the backsheet for absorbent articles, garments, and the like. Thus, KYMENE is reacted, for example, with acrylic acid and cross-linked with styrene/butadiene to provide a polycationic latex which is used to treat paper to enhance its wet strength. Diapers, sanitary napkins, pantiliners, and the like, prepared from the foregoing materials are disclosed.

Abstract: A method of making a photographic paper support having improved raw stock keeping characteristics by an internal acid sizing step and an external alkaline sizing step to achieve a water extractable pH of from 6 to 9.5.

Abstract: Process for using papermaking techniques for preparing a sheet material with improved on-machine retention, sheet material thus obtained and its application, notably in the field of printing and writing, packaging and coverings.The invention relates to a process for using papermaking techniques to make a sheet material.This material copmrises, in addition to the fibres, an organic binder, a non-binding mineral filler and a flocculant, as well as various conventional additives, this process being characterized by the fact that the mineral filler and the binder are flocculated beforehand before being incorporated into the fibre suspension.The material thus prepared has enhanced mineral filler retention and physical properties and can be used as printing and writing medium, covering medium, packaging medium or for obtaining complexes for industrial or foodstuffs use.

Abstract: A paper having an absolute dry moisture content (moisture content in absolute dry condition) of 1.8-7% is subjected to a heat calendering treatment at a temperature of 150.degree.-300.degree. C. under a linear pressure of 40 kg/cm or above to provide a paper which has both satisfactory surface smoothness and rigidity (stiffness) and is suited for use as a photographic support.

Abstract: Degradable particulate absorbent materials, together with processes for manufacture thereof, wherein the absorbent materials: (i) have, in most forms of the invention, only on the order of 0% to 10%, by weight, of inorganic solids or "fillers", and in all forms have less than 30% inorganic solids by weight; (ii) are not in pellet form; (iii) are characterized by an open porous fiber structure having relatively low bulk densities on the order of not more than 13 lbs./ft..sup.3 and preferably only from about 6 to about 10 lbs./ft..sup.

Abstract: The process for producing a tridimensional piece from an aqueous suspension containing at least a thermoplastic resin and reinforcing fibers, comprises the following steps:(a) the elements of the suspension are wet-molded into a preform in a mold, said preform having, in the three dimensions, the general outline of the final piece;(b) the preform is then at least partly de-watered;(c) then the preform is pre-heated to a temperature higher than the melting point of the thermoplastic resin;(d) the preform is then molded under pressure into its final shape in a press heated to a temperature below the melting point of the thermoplastic resin.

Abstract: A support for photographic printing paper containing a base paper having polyolefin coated on both surfaces thereof, wherein as the base paper is used a one side-machine glazed paper having a glossy surface which is obtained by bringing one surface of a wet paper into intimate contact with the mirror surface of a heated mirror surface type drier and drying.

Abstract: Light-weight building boards which are based on mineral fibers and thermoplastic binders, may furthermore contain fillers, fireproofing agents and water repellents, contain, as the binder, from 4 to 20%, based on the weight of the mineral fibers, of polymers having a glass transition temperature of from 60.degree. to 110.degree. C., and consisting of not less than 60% by weight, based on the copolymer, of (meth)acrylates of alcohols of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and not more than 40% by weight of (meth)acrylonitrile and/or styrene, and additionally contain salts of polyvalent metals with carboxylic acids of 12 to 36 carbon atoms are distinguished by low water absorption and excellent sound-insulating characteristics, are flame-retardant and exhibit dimensional stability even in the tropics.

Abstract: A glass fiber mat having improved strength and fiber wettability is provided by incorporation of a critical amount of between 1% and 6% by weight (solids) of a carboxylated styrene-butadiene latex having a pH between about 5 and about 8.5, a glass transition temperature (Tg) less than 25.degree. C. and a surface tension less than 50 dynes/cm, and 94% and 99% by weight (solids) of a urea-formaldehyde resin solution having a pH of from about 6.5 to about 8.5.

Abstract: A reinforced thermoplastic material is made according to a wet process starting with an aqueous suspension of reinforcing fibers and of a powder obtained by grinding of granules composed of at least one thermoplastic resin and at least one adjuvant. The material is intended to be transformed by molding, molding-stamping or thermomolding into the final product.

Abstract: A composition is described which is prepared so that it has a low electrical resistivity so that it can be used in electrostatic discharge operations. The composition includes carbon-coated fibers. The fiber is characterized in that it is a Lewis base while the carbon powder is a Lewis acid. The carbon-coated fiber is held together with a binder (such as a latex or resin). The binder may be either neutral or acidic. A resin can also be used to prepare rigid electrostatic discharge objects. When a resin is used, the resin should also be neutral and preferably, is acidic.

Abstract: Method of forming a beater-saturated non-woven sheet by treating a slurry of papermaking fibers with alum and either sodium carbonate or a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and sodium hydroxide to achieve a pH in the range of about 7-9 followed by adding a binder latex which deposits on the fibers, and finally forming a sheet from the resulting slurry.

Abstract: A paper particularly adapted for use as cover sheets in the production of gypsum wallboard, the paper having improved porosity and strength to permit better drainage and more rapid drying in the production of the paper to permit less fiber to be utilized, and to permit less heat to be utilized in drying the paper, providing for production of superior gypsum board. The paper comprises in weight percent:(A) fibers having a fiber freeness of from about 350 to 550 ml. Canadian Standard Freeness,(B) a buffering agent in an amount from about 0.25 to about 10%,(C) a neutral sizing agent in an effective amount to prevent water penetration, and(D) a cationic starch.In a preferred embodiment the paper is treated with a neutral internal sizing agent during its formation, and subsequently treated with a surface sizing agent after formation of the paper, in order to provide certain properties including better adhesion to the gypsum core.

Abstract: Water setting paper (high water-absorbency material) comprised of pulp fiber, water-soluble resin and high wate-absorbency resin is produced in sheet form for use in urine containers or portable toilets. Water setting paper or the high water-absorbency sheet thus formed absorbs and solidifies the urine, allowing the urine to be disposed of easily, rapidly and hygienically.

Abstract: The stiffness, wet strength and bursting strength of paper is improved by adding a latex such as milk to the paper and then subjecting the paper to steps of high temperature treatment and immediate rewetting.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing paper by the addition of a retention - dry strength agent system. The system consists ofcationic starch with a substitution degree of at least 0.005 in an amount of at least 1%,anionic high-polymer with a molecular weight greater than 10.sup.6 and in an amount of 0.003-0.5%, andcationic synthethic polymer in an amount of 0.005-0.5%.

Abstract: The present invention is a composite flooring felt for vinyl flooring containing a blend of latexes and an activator. Also included is a process for preparing the flooring felt composite. The process can additionally contain a wet strength resin and a flocculant.

Abstract: Continuous homogenization during the free radical aqueous graft or over copolymerization of an unsaturated monomer on a protein provides a latex of reduced viscosity.

Abstract: A paper product, especially light weight papers, is prepared with a structured latex particle having opacity and reinforcing characteristics comprising a core region having a light scattering characteristic and T.sub.g of about 80 degrees C or higher and a shell region of about 25 degrees C or lower. The structured latex particle provides opacity to the paper without adversely affecting its mechanical strength.

Abstract: Fibrous sheet composites are prepared by (a) forming an aqueous dispersion comprising asbestiform crystalline calcium M phosphate fibers wherein M is a metal cation selected from the group consisting of sodium and lithium, and mixtures thereof, auxiliary fibers, and a water insoluble organic polymeric binder; (b) distributing and draining the aqueous dispersion on a porous substrate to form a wet sheet-like solid phase or wet web; and (c) pressing and drying the wet web.

Abstract: The invention relates to a paper sheet obtained essentially from (parts by dry weight)______________________________________ Fibers (cellulosic and 20 to 40 "basic mixture" non-cellulosic) Fillers 80 to 60 Latex 40 to 105 ______________________________________in particular by a process of double flocculation, which has a very high resistance to delamination. The invention is applicable to floor and wall coverings.

Abstract: A process for preparing a porous random fiber polymeric composite sheet through the addition of a cellulose ether which is selectively soluble or insoluble to a random fiber composite slurry under conditions such that the cellulose ether is insoluble, forming the slurry into a sheet, fusing the organic polymer component of the sheet and heating the sheet to solubilize the cellulose ether whereby voids are formed in the sheet. Before the sheet is treated to remove the cellulose ether, it may be combined with other sheets and densified under heat and pressure. Before removing the cellulose ether, the densified sheet may be heated under reduced pressure to expand or loft the sheet in a direciton normal to the plane of the sheet. A random fiber polymeric composite sheet, a densified sheet and a lofted sheet, each comprising a binder, fusable organic polymer, reinforcing material and a cellulose ether are also provided. The same sheets after removal of the cellulose ether are further provided.

Abstract: A relatively inexpensive mat is provided which through the application of heat and pressure readily can be densified to form rigid shaped articles having a reduced overall density. The mat is substantially free of a binder (e.g., a latex binder) and consists essentially of a substantially radom array of (a) relatively coarse cellulosic fibers, (b) thermoplastic synthetic polymer fibrils, (c) non-fibrous thermoplastic synthetic polymer particles, (d) substantially void-free substantially water-insoluble particulate inorganic material (e.g., talc), and (e) particulate void-containing substantially water-insoluble inorganic material (e.g., expanded volcanic glass) having a lesser density than component (d) in the specified quantities. A plurality of the mats while stacked together with similar mats of greater density on at least the upper and lower surfaces may be subjected to heat and pressure to accomplish densification and thermal bonding within and between adjoining mats to form a laminate.

Abstract: A relatively inexpensive mat is provided which through the application of heat and pressure readily can be densified to form rigid shaped articles. The mat is substantially free of a binder (e.g., a latex binder) and consists essentially of a substantially random array of (a) relatively coarse cellulosic fibers, (b) thermoplastic synthetic polymer fibrils, (c) non-fibrous thermoplastic synthetic polymer particles, and (d) substantially void-free substantially water-insoluble particulate inorganic material (e.g., talc) in the specified quantities. The mat preferably is formed by wet-laying from an aqueous dispersion wherein the (c) and (d) components are dispersed among and physically retained by the (a) and (b) components. A plurality of the mats while stacked may be subjected to heat and pressure to accomplish densification and thermal bonding within and between adjoining sheets to form a laminate.

Abstract: A process of forming a gasket with a minimal production of waste material is disclosed. A suitable fiber is mixed with a binder in water to form a fiber-binder aqueous mixture. The mixture is then deposited on a screen in a predetermined pattern to form a gasket preform with apertures in predetermined locations therein. The gasket preform is subsequently dewatered and cured. The gasket preform can be provided with differential thicknesses and preformed inserts to impart, respectively, selective control of the sealing capability of and reinforcement to the resulting gasket.

Abstract: An air permeable sheet-like structure comprising 20% to 60% by weight of reinforcing fibers having a high modulus of elasticity (as herein defined), and being between about 7 and about 50 millimeters long, and 40% to 80% by weight of wholly or substantially unconsolidated particulate plastics material, and in which the fibrous and plastics components are bonded into an air permeable structure.

Abstract: A process for preparing a sheet with improved stiffness by mixing a fiber, a latex having minimum film forming conditions greater than the conditions the sheet reaches during drying and a fugitive coalescing agent. The mixture is collected and dried under conditions less than the minimum film forming conditions of the latex. The process enables hard latexes to be employed which do not form films under the drying conditions of the sheet whereby the hard latexes can contribute to the stiffness of the final sheet. A sheet prepared by the process is also provided.

Abstract: An improved sizing composition resistant to hard water precipitation comprises a first component containing a reaction product of urea and an aminocarboxylic acid and a second component comprising a rosin. A process for preparing the improved sizing composition is also disclosed.

Abstract: A photographic paper support comprising a base paper coated on both sides with a polyolefin resin is markedly improved in resistance to the stain occurring around the edges after development processing (edge stain), by the inclusion of an anionic polyacrylamide and a cationic starch in said base paper.

Abstract: New, highly effective cationic sizing agents for paper have been provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a material in sheet form, used in a process of moulding-stamping or heat-forming involving melting of the thermoplastics resin contained in said material, said material in sheet form being prepared by the papermaking technique and comprising from 20 to 95% of reinforcing fibres and from 80 to 5% of thermoplastics resin in powder form forming the basic mixture and, with respect to this mixture, from 5 to 25% of a polyolefin pulp, from 5 to 30% of a binding agent and from 0.2 to 10% of at least one flocculating agent. The invention also relates to the process for preparing said material in sheet form.

Abstract: In order to achieve a sanitary paper web having high bulk, bulk softness and surface softness it is proposed according to the invention that said web contains expanded microspheres (11) of thermoplastic material in an amount of from 1 to 10% based on the weight of the dry web.

Abstract: The tearing strength of paper is improved by providing a furnish in which the fiber content is predominantly refined fiber with a minor amount, preferably 2 to 10 wt. %, of added unrefined fiber having incorporated therein a heat activatable bonding agent, particularly starch. The bonding agent adheres to and coats the added fiber without chemically reacting with the fiber. A cationic material, particularly polyethyleneimine, is premixed with the raw starch to cause it to adhere to the added fiber. During heat drying of the formed paper the starch is gelatinized to effect enhanced bonding of the added fiber.