Abstract: A method of treating solid containing material derived from effluent or sludge from a plant for de-inking paper, the material containing calcium in the form of one or more insoluble calcium compounds, the method including the steps of treating the material with an acid to cause dissolution of the calcium thereby forming a calcium ion-containing solution in which insoluble solids are suspended, separating the solution from the insoluble solids and incinerating the separated solids. The solution containing calcium ions may be treated by adding one or more reagents to form a calcium compound precipitate, eg calcium carbonate. The particulate solids produced following the incineration step and following the precipitate formation may be employed as pigments or fillers in paper making or paper coating.

Abstract: Chemical additives can be adsorbed on cellulosic papermaking fibers at high levels with a minimal amount of unadsorbed chemical additives present in the papermaking process water. A method includes treating a fiber slurry with an excess of the chemical additive, allowing sufficient residence time for adsorption to occur, filtering the slurry to remove unadsorbed chemical additives, and redispersing the filtered pulp with fresh water. Filtrate from the thickening process contains unadsorbed chemical additive and it is not sent forward in the process with the chemically treated fibers. The method can be employed to make improved paper products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for recycling fillers and coating pigments from the preparation of paper, paperboard and cardboard found in the residual water sludges from coating plant waste waters, deinking plants, internal water treatment plants or separators, and to the use of a thus obtained pigment slurry for the preparation of a coating compound for the paper industry or in the paper stock for papermaking.

Abstract: A method of treating solid containing material derived from effluent or sludge from a plant for de-inking paper, the material containing calcium in the form of one or more insoluble calcium compounds, the method including the steps of treating the material with an acid to cause dissolution of the calcium thereby forming a calcium ion-containing solution in which insoluble solids are suspended, separating the solution from the insoluble solids and incinerating the separated solids. The solution containing calcium ions may be treated by adding one or more reagents to form a calcium compound precipitate, eg calcium carbonate. The particulate solids produced following the incineration step and following the precipitate formation may be employed as pigments or fillers in paper making or paper coating.

Abstract: Improvements in the catalytic processing of organic compounds for fuels and for other uses, and ways in order to better utilize the heat from the above processing and also from other sources.

Abstract: Raw material, energy and waste management are arranged in a production plant manufacturing pulp, paper, or board or a combination thereof from recycled fibres which is advantageously placed in the middle of a residential community or in its immediate vicinity. The plant has equipment for the manufacture of pulp and/or paper and/or board as well as equipment for the production of energy for at least the production plant's own needs. The production plant uses as fibre raw material waste paper and/or board generated by the residential community and as the source of energy combustible waste generated by the residential community. Moreover, it utilizes as far as possible waste fractions which are produced as by-products in production processes and which contain raw materials and energy either as raw material or as energy or, alternatively, these fractions are supplied outside the production plant for useful use.

Abstract: A paper machine includes a traveling belt for carrying a fiber web, and a cutting device disposed below the belt for cutting the fiber web into smaller pieces. The cutting device has an inlet and an outlet. A guiding device guides the fiber web from the belt to the inlet of the cutting device. A pulper is connected with the outlet of the cutting device for receiving the smaller pieces of fiber web from the cutting device. The traveling belt may be in the form of, e.g., a wire, felt or water impervious belt. The cutting device may be in the form of, e.g., a shredder, fluffer, water jet cutter, laser cutter and/or roll cutter.

Abstract: A process for producing new corrugated containerboard from old corrugated container (OCC) without using expensive virgin UKP includes three new steps. These steps are separating corrugated medium from OCC before pulping linerboard, removing micro-fibrils from defibered linerboard furnish, and minimizing the loss of long fibers through reject streams of fine screens.

Abstract: A method treats process water containing metal ions, in connection with bleaching of lignocellulosic pulp. The method is characterized by the steps of a) adjusting the Mg2+ content of the process water to form a flocculating base for metals and an organic substance; b) supplying a carbonate source to the process water to precipiate calcium as calcium carbonate; c) increasing the pH of the process water by adding white liquor to precipipate metals such as metal hydroxides; d) adding a flocculating agent to the process water; and e) separating the precipitated, flocculated metal compounds from the process water by flotation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for recycling of old corrugated container (OCC) using flotation and kneading treatment and more particularly, to a method for recycling of OCC, wherein OCC is treated withflotation and kneading, treatment, and thereby removing fines and ink spot in the waste pulp and improving the strength and drainage property. As a result, it can be recycled similar to the expensive virgin unbleached kraft pulp.

Abstract: Mixing and recirculation cycling system and method, for use in the stable section of a paper or cardboard machine. The system includes a dilution water-regulated headbox, a backwater tank having a backwater inlet and at least one stock suspension inlet adapted to provide for the mixing of stock suspensions with the backwater. Also provided is a mixing tank operatively connected to the backwater tank, at least one backwater inlet operatively connected between the backwater tank and the headbox, and a pressure-increasing device operatively connected between the mixing tank and the backwater tank.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a method of removing color bodies from paper mill waste water comprising adding to the water an effective color-removing amount of a hydrophilic cationic dispersion polymer prepared by polymerizing i. a cationic diallyl-N,N-disubstituted ammonium monomer of formula (H2C═CHCH2)2N+R1R2X−  wherein R1 and R2 are independently C1-C20 alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl and X is an anionic counterion and ii. an acrylamide monomer of formula  wherein R3 and R4 are independently hydrogen, C1-C10 alkyl, aryl or arylalkyl; R5 is hydrogen or methyl and R6 and R7 are independently hydrogen or C1-C10 alkyl, in an aqueous solution of a polyvalent anionic salt wherein the polymerization is carried out in the presence of a dispersant.

Abstract: Cellulosic fines and cellulosic fibers are separated from a suspension containing the fines, the fibers and hydrophobic materials by screening the suspension to remove the fibers, and then subjecting the resultant filtrate to dispersed air flotation in the presence of calcium and generally a separation aid to form an upper Reject fraction in which the hydrophobic material is concentrated and a lower Accept fraction in which the cellulosic fines are concentrated.

Abstract: A process for making paper with increased wet and dry strength by incorporating into the pulp suspension an ionic thermosettable resin which is the reaction product of dialdehyde and epihalohydrin, or epihalohydrin equivalent, with a copolymer containing monomer units derived by polymerization of monomers comprising acrylamide or alkyl-substituted acrylamide and diallylamine or an acid salt thereof. The paper has wet and dry strength greater than that of paper not containing the resin and has a higher repulpability index than wet strength paper that is essentially the same but contains conventional polyazetidinium ion containing wet strength resin instead of the ionic thermosettable resin.

Abstract: A single plant for making corrugated sheets out of recycled paper and a method for making the same. The plant includes a recycling pulper a board machine and a corrugator.

Abstract: The invention comprises, in one form thereof, a method of removing wax from recycled cellulosic fiber. The cellulosic fiber is pulped in a pulper to a suspension with a consistency of less than about 10% by weight. The suspension is then screened to remove coarse and fine contaminants. The screened suspension is diluted to a consistency of less than about 3% by weight. The wax is removed from the diluted suspension using a froth flotation device. The suspension is then washed and/or thickened.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a method of clarifying and dewatering industrial waste water using anionic and nonionic dispersion polymers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for recycling fillers and coating pigments from the preparation of paper, paperboard and cardboard found in the residual water sludges from coating plant waste waters, deinking plants, internal water treatment plants or separators, and to the use of a thus obtained pigment slurry for the preparation of a coating compound for the paper industry or in the paper stock for papermaking. An essential element of the invention is a process for recycling fillers and coating pigments from the preparation of paper, paperboard and cardboard found in the residual water sludges from coating plant waste waters, deinking plants, internal water treatment plants or separators, characterized in that the residual water sludges containing the fillers and coating pigments are subjected to mixing and then milling together with fresh pigments or fresh fillers in the form of powders, fresh-pigment containing slurries and/or fresh-filler containing slurries to yield a pigment slurry.

Abstract: Raw materials useable in the manufacture of paper, cardboard and carton are recovered from waste sludge. After precipitation of the coarse particles, the sludge is centrifuged to remove black particles and then divided by fractional screening into its fiber, filler, pigment and agglomerate components. The agglomerate component is shear-treated and again fractionated, while the fibers, fillers and pigments, following further treatment if necessary, are fed to their points of reuse.

Abstract: Method of recovering calcium carbonate from waste material or contained natural calcic material. Calcium is recovered by prepariag an aqueous suspension the material containing calcium to be recovered and by lowering the pH of the suspension to pH<6, preferably pH<4, for providing a spension including an acidic liquid phase containing the calcium compounds in soluble form. Thereafter the pH of the liquid is raised to pH>6, preferably pH>7, by mixing a base therein, for precipitating the main portion of aluminium therein. Thereafter the neutral or basic liquid phase is carbonized by introducing Na2CO3 or NaHCO3 therein, for precipitation of the calcium compounds as CaCO3.

Abstract: Wastewaters and circulation waters in papermaking, in deinking and in pulp bleaching are treated by adsorption of water-soluble anionic compounds and compounds dispersed in water from the wastewaters and circulation waters over finely divided adsorbents which consist of insoluble, only slightly swellable polymers which contain polymerized vinylamine units, and these polymers are used as adsorbents for treating water circulations in papermaking and for treating paper machine wastewaters and wastewaters from the deinking process and from pulp bleaching.

Abstract: Improved mist eliminator for use in pulp washers and the like, and method of use of such is disclosed. A cyclonic gas/liquid separator for a gas/liquid mixture flowing vertically upward therethrough includes a cylindrical housing, a top wall having a gas outlet, a gas/liquid inlet, and a cyclonic-flow-inducing vane assembly spanning the inlet. The improvement includes an annular wall transverse to the vane assembly positioned between the vane assembly and the housing. The annular wall, in combination with the vane assembly and housing, defines an annular volume wherein separated liquid may drain downwardly toward the annular wall substantially without resistance from the gas/liquid flow. A drain carries the separated liquid directly to a liquid reservoir.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for recovering raw materials from a stream of residual or collected material (R) which comprises a plurality of different materials and which arises during the manufacture of paper (P) in a paper mill (1) and/or in a material processing installation (2) and/or in a paper machine (3) and which is discharged therefrom, wherein the stream of residual or collected material (R) is fed to an installation (4) for separating at least one fiber fraction contained in the stream of residual or collected material (R) via a screening operation and for separating an ash fraction (A) comprising black particles.

Abstract: The invention is a method for clarifying, dewatering or improving retention and drainage of industrial waste water or paper furnish with an effective amount of at least one dispersion of a water soluble cationic polymer flocculant wherein the improvement comprises the addition of said polymer which has a concentration of at least twenty five percent to said waste water or paper furnish. The industrial waste is preferably food processing waste water, oily waste water, paper mill waste water and inorganic contaminated waste water. The paper furnish may be an aqueous cellulosic suspension.

Abstract: According to the present invention there is provided a method of treating reject from a plant for de-inking waste paper which reject comprises in an aqueous medium a mixture of suspended solids comprising at least ink particles, inorganic particles and fibers, which method includes the steps of (i) chemically treating an aqueous suspension comprising said reject by adding to the aqueous suspension a source of alkaline earth metal ions and a source of carbonate ions to react with the alkaline earth metal ions to form therein a composite particulate material comprising a substantially white insoluble alkaline earth metal carbonate compound precipitated by the said reaction which compound bonds to and entrains material comprising ink particles, inorganic particles and fibers contained in said reject, whereby the darkness of the reject is reduced by formation of the precipitate of the carbonate compound; and (ii) recovering the composite particulate material and delivering the composite particulate material for r

Abstract: The present invention provides a core for receiving a wound product wherein the core is made of a waste sludge produced in a papermaking process. The process for making the core includes the steps of mixing the sludge with a binder material, which may be either a wet strength or a dry strength agent, and then compressing the mixture into a core through a process such as extrusion or molding. Optionally, the sludge may be dried prior to mixing with the binder material.

Abstract: A sludge, preferably derived at least in part from a paper mill, pulp mill or deinking plant, and which contains at least secondary sludge or primary sludge comprising deinking waste, recycled paper waste or mechanical pulping waste, is flocculated by being mixed with a phenolic material and a polyalkylene oxide and is then subjected to dewatering.

Abstract: A method of creating a number of separate product streams from an agricultural waste material, comprising: providing a starting material consisting of an agricultural waste material; hydrolyzing the starting material with an acid solution at atmospheric pressure, and temperatures not exceeding about 100.degree. C., to create an absorbent, hydrolyzed solid residue and a xylose-containing liquor; reserving the xylose-containing liquor; and delignifying the hydrolyzed solid residue with a basic solution, to create a fiber solid residue suitable for use as an absorbent material, and a dissolved lignin-containing solution.

Abstract: In a process for mechanically dewatering extracted sugar beet pulp, the dry matter content in the pressed pulp is increased by introducing directly into the pressed pulp layer in the pressing region a suspension of salt or salts of polyvalent ions. An apparatus for this process is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for recycling of old corrugated container (OCC) using flotation, followed by selective enzymatic treatment to fines portion and by selective refining to long fiber stream, and more particularly, to a method for recycling of OCC, wherein OCC is treated with floatation and enzymatic hydrolysis and those recycled stock is refined, thereby having the following effects:a) The drainage property of base paper of old corrugated container is improved; andb) The strength of the same is enhanced by the refining treatment of the fractionated long fiber only; andc) The cost for disintegration and enzymatic treatment is reduced; and(d) The imported corrugated board and unbleached kraft pulp can be substituted by the Korean old corrugated container (KOCC).

Abstract: A method of treating solid-containing material contained in or produced from an effluent or waste from a process for the treating of waste paper. The solid-containing material includes constituents of the waste paper and organic material including cellulose fibers and inorganic particulate material including calcium carbonate and other inorganic particulate material included in the waste paper. The solid-containing material is subjected to a heat treatment that incinerates the organic material present and forms from the inorganic particulate material present a calcined product including calcium oxide from thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate. The calcined product is formed into an aqueous suspension wherein calcium oxide is converted to calcium hydroxide.

Abstract: The invention comprises a method for clarifying ink-laden water obtained from the recycling of paper stocks by treating said water with a hydrophilic dispersion polymer. The hydrophilic dispersion polymer of the invention is a copolymer of a diallyl N,N-disubstituted ammonium halide cationic monomer and (meth)acrylamide (AcAm). Following dosing with the polymer, a floc is formed. The floc contains ink and impurities which are removed from the water process stream by means of solid liquid separation; the solid liquid separation comprising a dissolved air flotation method. A preferred copolymer is formed from DADMAC and AcAm.

Abstract: Granular absorbent products with low amounts of paper fiber are described. The absorbent products are made from recycled paper and include less than about 10% of paper fibers having a length sufficient to be retained on a 100 mesh screen. A process for making such granular absorbent products is also provided. The granular absorbents are useful for absorbing liquids spilled on the floor, and are crushable when walked on to provide greater resistance to slipping, and yet have a high resistance to attrition.

Abstract: A method wherein waste cellulosic material is used as an alternative fiber source during chemical pulping to replace a fraction of the wood chips. The waste cellulosic material is fed to the digester along with wood chips. The waste cellulosic material need not be repulped or slurried prior to digestion. The wood chips may be any species of hardwood or softwood. Normal chemical pulping charges, temperatures and cooking times applied in the case of 100% wood chip pulping may be used for the co-pulping of waste cellulosic material and wood chips. Thereafter, the pulp is processed as usual for chemical pulping, including the steps of blowing the digester, washing and thickening the brown stock, and bleaching the brown stock under the normal conditions used for the component co-pulped with the waste cellulosic material. Further screening or cleaning steps may be required to remove debris from waste cellulosic material.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for improving one or more properties of kaolin comprising:(a) providing an aqueous suspension of particulate kaolin clay;(b) introducing into the aqueous suspension a first reagent comprising a source of alkaline earth metal ions and a second reagent comprising a source of carbonate ions to precipitate an alkaline earth metal carbonate in the said aqueous suspension of the said particulate kaolin clay whereby the said particulate kaolin clay present at the start of the process becomes entrained by and bonded to the alkaline earth metal carbonate to form a composite particulate product which may be used in paper making or paper coating or as a filler or extender in compositions for other applications. The alkaline earth metal ions may be calcium ions provided by calcium hydroxide obtained by slaking lime either in the aqueous suspension or separately. The carbonate ions may be provided by carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A molded body is produced on the basis of a raw material, the main content of which is material which is left after remolding pulp from paper and extraction of fibers from the pulp mass for remanufacturing of paper. This raw material which mainly consists of water, short fibers, and fine, mineral particles is drained by pressing in a first pressing stage between filter belts for production of a coherent body, is dried partially in a first drying stage is pressed and in a second pressing stage, and dried finally in a second drying stage. The invention concerns a similar method for separation of fibers and particles from waste water which results from repulping paper and reclaiming of fibers from the pulp mass for remanufacturing of paper, whereby an enviromental problem is solved in a very suitable way.

Abstract: A method for reducing the consumption of fresh water and energy in a paper mill in which fresh water is passed into the paper mill for various needs, and a cooling tower is utilized for cooling water heated in the papermaking process. All fresh waters or a substantial proportion of the fresh waters of the paper mill are introduced into the process through the water system of the cooling tower. The cooling tower includes at least one inlet for passing the water to be cooled into the cooling tower, nozzles for discharging the water that was passed in and that is to be cooled onto heat transfer faces, filler pieces and/or filler plates, which disperse the water to be cooled so as to increase the contact area between the water and the cooling air, at least one outlet for passing the cooled water out of the cooling tower, and blowers for blowing the cooling air through the cooling tower.

Abstract: A process is disclosed which utilizes the "non-papermaking" portion of waste paper to produce a highly absorbent, essentially fiber-free granule which can be used, for example, as an agricultural chemical carrier. The process maximizes the amount of long (papermaking) fiber sent to the paper machine.The waste paper is broken up in a hydropulper, and the pulp stock is screened so that papermaking fibers are retained and sent forward to the papermaking process, and the solid material in the reject stream, such as kaolin clay and inorganic materials pass through a flotation clarifier to separate the solids. The slurry is then dewatered by means of a belt press to form a filter cake. The filter cake then enters a pin mixer where it is broken up into individual granules. The granules are then dried to a solids content of greater than 95%.

Abstract: A waste paper treatment process for the recycle and re-use of waste paper, which process comprises treating the waste paper, in a repulper, with a surfactant, in the absence of traditional repulper chemicals such as silicate, caustic and peroxide. The surfactant is preferably a copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, and is used in a sufficient concentration to form ink agglomerates. The ink agglomerates are retained on the paper, rather than being removed as in waste paper deinking. The process permits the elimination of normal repulper chemicals, and reduces the amount of ink sludge generated, while providing acceptable brightness levels for the recycled pulp.

Abstract: Repulping and/or decolorizing formulations and mixtures which include a catalytic amount of a salt of a metal such as copper, iron, silver, or nickel; a persulfate; and from 0-10% saccharide. Formulations containing a carbonate, sesquicarbonate or bicarbonate for adjusting pH are preferred. A method of repulping and/or decolorizing broke, whether containing wet strength resin or not, using the formulations or mixtures of the ingredients in the formulations.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of a paper having improved grease and water resistance, yet facilitating recycling of the paper is achieved by applying a recyclable plastic coating to a paper making machine.

Abstract: Dry strength additives used to enhance the properties of creped tissues are applied to the surface of the Yankee dryer along with the creping adhesive formulation and thereafter transferred to the tissue web as the tissue web is being adhered to the Yankee. When dry strength agents are applied in this manner, less dust and lint are accumulated resulting in improved productivity and product quality.

Abstract: A method is described for the treatment of a solid containing material obtained from effluent from an industrial plant or process, eg. a plant for the de-inking of waste paper. Such effluent comprises an aqueous suspension of solids comprising organic material and inorganic particulate material. The inorganic particulate material contains a substantial amount of calcium carbonate and is likely also to contain kaolin or metakaolin. The solids may also contain carbon particles. The method includes subjecting the solid containing material to a heat treatment process such that the temperature is controlled to be maintained in the range 600.degree. C. to 800.degree. C. preferably 600.degree. C. to 750.degree. C., to cause burning of the organic material without decomposition of more than about 50% by weight, preferably not more than about 10% by weight, of the calcium carbonate present to produce a particulate calcium carbonate-containing inorganic material substantially free of organic material.

Abstract: A method for recovery and use of a particulate waste material, i.e. inorganic and/or organic solid fines, present in an aqueous suspension, comprising the steps of:a) treating the aqueous suspension so as to precipitate, in the presence of the solid fines, crystals of an alkaline earth metal carbonate whereby the solid fines become entrained by and bonded to the crystals, thereby forming in the aqueous suspension a mixed aggregated particulate solid comprising the crystals and the fines; andb) recovering the mixed aggregated particulate solid and supplying such solid for use as a filler or pigment in a filler- or pigment-containing composition.

Abstract: A process is dislcosed for recovering chips and fibers from residues of ter-derived materials, old pieces of furniture, production residues, water and other timber-containing materials glued with urea-formaldehyde binders or other binders capable of being hydrolysed or chemically disintegrated by disintegrating the timber-derived materials at a high temperature. In a first step of the process, the residues of timber-derived materials are impregnated with an impregnating solution and previously swollen until they have absorbed at least 50% of their own weight of impregnating solution. In a second step, the thus impregnated residues of timber-derived materials are heated up to 80.degree. C. to 120.degree. C. The thus disintegrated residues of timber-derived materials are then sorted by sieving and/or wind screening. The residues of timber-derived material have edges of at least 10 to 20 cm length.

Abstract: A process for the production of paper by mixing an aqueous phase comprising white water with cellulose containing fibres, and optional fillers, in a mixing stage to form an aqueous suspension, draining the suspension in the presence of a drainage or retention aid to form a fibre containing sheet or web and white water, and recirculating at least part of the white water to the mixing stage, whereby at least part of the white water is subject to electrodialysis before the mixing stage.

Abstract: The invention is an apparatus and method for unwinding the butt portion of a reel of paper from the reel spool and delivering it to a repulper. It consists of a floor mounted stand with appropriate cradling surfaces to hold the spool butt. An air jet manifold is located at floor level below the stand. Air jets from the manifold direct the sheet toward the repulper. As the sheet enters the repulper it is met by water showers that direct it into the opening of the repulper. Once the sheet is engaged by the air jets and water showers it is continuously unrolled by the force delivered by these devices acting against the sheet. An accelerating mechanism may be provided to begin unrolling the paper from the spool and a brake mechanism is useful for stopping rotation of the spool after all of the paper has been removed.

Abstract: A method for processing recycling mill sludge into pulp, and cellulosic products made from such pulp, is described. The method for forming cellulosic pulp comprises first forming an aqueous composition in a pulper comprising recycling mill sludge, caustic agent, bleaching agent and a chelating agent. The aqueous composition also preferably includes a deinking agent and sodium silicate. The composition is then processed in the pulper for a period of time sufficient to form pulp from recycling mill sludge. The disclosure also describes a method for forming cellulosic products. The method comprises forming a cellulosic pulp from recycling mill sludge, and thereafter forming cellulosic products from the pulp. The method for forming cellulosic products may further comprise forming a pulp mixture comprising from about 1 to about 40 percent pulp from recycled materials and recycling mill sludge, and from about 99 to about 60 percent virgin pulp.

Abstract: Alum process residues (APR) are used to remove colored contaminants from waste waters. In addition, in accordance with the invention, up to 0.1% by weight of alum and up to 5 ppm of a polyelectrolyte polymer is added to improve color removal, turbidity removal and the settling rate. The resultant APR-alum-polymer mixture together with contaminants in the waste water settles rapidly, reducing the costs of the color removal process.

Abstract: In a method of recovering fibers from white water using a filter including a vat and a rotating filter surface (such as a disc filter), auxiliary pulp is supplied to the area of the vat where the cleaned and rotating filter surface meets the pulp surface in the vat. The consistency difference in the filter vat is adjusted by controlling the auxiliary pulp flow, or by adding cloudy filtrate to the auxiliary pulp prior to the filter vat. The auxiliary pulp is preferably supplied to the filter by using directing nozzles or other supply structures, and essentially evenly over the entire radial width of the filter surface.