Abstract: A method for plating a stainless steel substrate is provided. According to one embodiment, the method comprises sandblasting at least one joint surface of a stainless steel substrate and treating the joint surface of the stainless steel substrate with an aqueous solution (acid bath) which contains sulfuric acid, nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid. The stainless steel substrate is then rinsed with hydrochloric acid. The method further includes galvanic deposition of a nickel plating on the joining surface of the stainless steel substrate and the subsequent deposition of a tin layer on the nickel-coated joining surface of the stainless steel substrate.

Abstract: A touch substrate and its manufacturing method thereof, a display device, a fingerprint determination device and a method for determining a fingerprint are provided. The touch substrate touch driving electrodes, touch sensing electrodes and signal lines on a base substrate which at least includes a first region and a second region. The plurality of touch driving electrodes include a plurality of first touch driving electrodes in the first region and a plurality of second touch driving electrodes in the second region, and each first touch driving electrode and one second touch driving electrode are connected with a same signal line; and/or the plurality of touch sensing electrodes include a plurality of first touch sensing electrodes in the first region and a plurality of second touch sensing electrodes in the second region, and each first touch sensing electrode and one second touch sensing electrode are connected with a same signal line.

Abstract: This disclosure relates generally to welding and, more specifically, to electrodes for arc welding, such as Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) or Flux Core Arc Welding (FCAW) of zinc-coated workpieces. In an embodiment, a welding consumable for welding a zinc-coated steel workpiece includes a zinc (Zn) content between approximately 0.01 wt % and approximately 4 wt %, based on the weight of the welding consumable. It is presently recognized that intentionally including Zn in welding wires for welding galvanized workpieces unexpectedly and counterintuitively alleviates spatter and porosity problems that are caused by the Zn coating of the galvanized workpieces.

Abstract: The present invention provides a multilayer label having good gas barrier properties and is capable of maintaining the gas barrier properties at a high level even when exposed to physical stresses such as deformation and impart. The present invention relates to a multilayer label for in-mold labeling. This multilayer label includes a base (X), a layer (Z) containing an aluminum atom, and a layer (Y) containing a polymer (A) having a functional group containing a phosphorus atom.

Abstract: A multilayer structure disclosed is a multilayer structure including at least one base (X), at least one layer (Y), and at least one layer (Z). The layer (Y) contains an aluminum atom. The layer (Z) contains a polymer (E) having a plurality of phosphorus atoms. The polymer (E) is a polymer of at least one monomer including a vinylphosphonic acid compound. The multilayer structure includes at least one pair of the layer (Y) and the layer (Z) that are contiguously stacked. The layer (Z) is formed by applying a coating liquid (V) which is a solution of the polymer (E) having a plurality of phosphorus atoms. The multilayer structure disclosed is excellent in gas barrier properties, and can maintain the gas barrier properties at a high level even when subjected to physical stresses such as deformation and impact.

Abstract: A product provided includes a packaging material, and the packaging material includes a multilayer structure. The multilayer structure includes at least one base (X), at least one layer (Y), and at least one layer (Z). The layer (Y) contains an aluminum atom. The layer (Z) contains a polymer (E) containing a monomer unit having a phosphorus atom. The multilayer structure includes at least one pair of the layer (Y) and the layer (Z) that are contiguously stacked. This product is excellent in gas barrier properties, and adapted to maintain the gas barrier properties at a high level even when subjected to physical stresses such as deformation and impact.

Abstract: A method is provided for manufacturing a component. The method includes connecting a component comprising an internal passage and formed by an additive manufacturing process to a power supply, the component functioning as an anode, connecting a cathode to the power supply, the cathode being disposed in an electrolyte solution, the cathode being positioned externally to the internal passage of the component, contacting the internal passage of the component with the electrolyte solution, and using the power supply, applying a potential difference and current flow between the component and the cathode.

Abstract: An electric machine comprise a first carrier having an array of electromagnetic elements and a second carrier having electromagnetic elements defining magnetic poles, the second carrier being arranged to move relative to the first carrier. An airgap is provided between the first carrier and the second carrier. The electromagnetic elements of the first carrier include posts, with slots between the posts, one or more electric conductors in each slot, the posts of the first carrier having a post height in mm. The first carrier and the second carrier together define a size of the electric machine. The magnetic poles having a pole pitch in mm. The size of the motor, pole pitch and post height are selected to fall within a region in a space defined by size, pole pitch and post height that provides a benefit in terms of force or torque per weight per excitation level.

Abstract: This method for producing anodic porous alumina such that an oxide coating film having a plurality of minute pores is formed at the surface of an aluminum substrate is characterized by containing: a step (a) for immersing the aluminum substrate in an electrolytic liquid resulting from mixing a plurality of acids; a step (b) for imposing a voltage on the aluminum substrate immersed in the electrolytic liquid; a step (c) for holding the aluminum substrate in the state of being immersed in the electrolytic liquid essentially without imposing a voltage on the aluminum substrate; and a step (d) for alternately repeating step (b) and step (c). By means of the present invention, it is possible using a simple device and with few steps to provide a method that easily produces anodic porous alumina such that an oxide coating film having a plurality of minute pores is formed at the surface of an aluminum substrate.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus for continuous electrolytic treatment of a steel sheet that is suitable for producing a surface-treated steel sheet and a method for producing the surface-treated steel sheet using the apparatus for continuous electrolytic treatment of a steel sheet. The apparatus includes N pairs of tabular electrodes having a length L and being arranged to respectively face two surfaces of a steel sheet. Each electrode includes n sections arranged in the longitudinal direction of the electrode and disposed on the surface of the electrode facing the steel sheet surface. Each section is constituted by a conductive portion including an electrode portion having a length T1 and a nonconductive portion made by making an electrode portion having a length T2 nonconductive, where n×N?10, 0.96?T2/(T1+T2)?0.05, and 0.9?T1/L?0.1.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of manufacturing anode foil for aluminum electrolytic capacitors with high capacitance and decreased leakage current. The method has the following steps: dipping etched aluminum foil into pure water having a temperature of 90° C. or higher so as to form a hydrated film on the foil; attaching organic acid to the surface of the hydrated film; performing main chemical conversion on the aluminum foil with application of formation voltage after the attaching step; performing depolarization on the aluminum foil after the main chemical conversion step; and performing follow-up chemical conversion on the aluminum foil after the main chemical conversion step. The main chemical conversion treatment has two-or-more stages. In the first stage of the treatment, the foil is dipped into a phosphate aqueous solution, and in the last stage, it is dipped into an aqueous solution different from the phosphate aqueous solution.

Abstract: An anodizing device has: a power supply drum that supports, in close contact therewith, a web consisting of an anodizable metal and has a part configured with a conductive material, to which the web is closely attached; a counter electrode provided facing the power supply drum; an electrolysis tank filled with an electrolyte, into which part of the power supply drum and the counter electrode are immersed; a protection member formed of a non-conductive material that protects the lateral direction end portions of the web supported by the power supply drum in close contact therewith and a portion of the power supply drum, to which the web is not closely attached, from the electrolyte; and a driver adapted to make the web and the protection member travel concurrently in the electrolyte in synchronization with the circumferential speed of the power supply drum.

Abstract: A copper-substitute aluminum material made from a copper and cobalt anodizing process. The process includes the steps of: anodizing the aluminum material by submersing it in a basic sulfuric acid to build an anodic layer producing anodized aluminum material; combining copper and cobalt salts together in one bath; lowering the pH of the bath to between about 1.0 and about 3.0; coloring the anodized aluminum material electrolytically by submersing the anodized aluminum material in the bath of copper and cobalt salts; and applying an electrical current to the bath plating the copper and cobalt salts into the anodized aluminum material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a coated aluminium strip, in which the aluminium strip is unwound from a coil and fed into a unilateral or bilateral extrusion coating arrangement, the aluminium strip is extrusion coated with a thermoplastic polymer and after being extrusion coated, the aluminium strip is reheated to a metal temperature above the melting point of the thermoplastic polymer. The object of providing a method for producing an aluminium strip by which an extrusion-coated aluminium strip can be produced which can be processed at high processing speeds in follow-on composite tools is achieved in that the unilateral or bilateral plastics material coating of the aluminium strip is textured, after being reheated, using rolls which have a superficial structure.

Abstract: A process for continuous nickel plating of an aluminum conductor, by electrolytically pre-treating the aluminum conductor to improve adherence of a nickel coat thereon by passing the aluminum conductor through a pre-treating bath in which is disposed an electrode connected to a first current source at a first voltage, for supplying to the aluminum conductor a pre-treating current, then electrolytically plating the pre-treated aluminum conductor with nickel in a plating bath in which is disposed an anode connected to a second current source at a second voltage, in which a nickel coat is deposited on the conductor by action of a nickel plating current In. At least the nickel plating current In is transmitted to the conductor through a mechanical electrical contact which contacts the conductor between the pre-treating bath and the plating bath, the pre-treating improving the contact properties of the conductor sufficient to permit the transmitting through the mechanical electrical conductor.

Abstract: Disclosed is a production method of an aluminum support for a lithographic printing plate, capable of stable and low-cost production of an aluminum support for a lithographic printing plate, the support being scarcely subject to generation of treatment unevenness called streaks or grainy unevenness ascribable to the different in the aluminum dissolving rate due to the difference in the orientation of the crystal grain. The aluminum support is produced by surface graining and then polishing an aluminum plate or by polishing an aluminum plate while etching it in an aqueous acid or alkali solution. The aluminum plate may be subjected to polishing and then to anodization or may be subjected to polishing, to surface graining, again to or not to polishing and then to anodization. A production method for producing a high-quality support for a lithographic printing plate, free of local unevenness is also disclosed.

Abstract: There is disclosed an electrodeposition method capable of suppressing the drop in the power supply voltage and minimizing the heat loss by the electrodeposition current, thereby achieving uniform film formation with satisfactory characteristics. A conductive substrate is dipped in an electrodeposition bath held in an electrodeposition tank, and an oxide is electrolytically deposited on the conductive substrate.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for conducting an electrically independent current through an anodized web to electro-deposit a coloring agent on the web. A preferred process includes the step of providing a continuous web of anodized aluminum; transferring with a charging plate a coloring current to the web with a charging plate in a first treatment cell over an area of the web sufficient to allow the current to pass through an anodic layer of the aluminum and flow through the web; and electro-depositing coloring agents on the web with the coloring current in a second treatment cell. Optionally, the web may be serially passed through additional treatment cells to apply a variety of different coloring currents to the web whereby the web may be colored with multiple coloring agents and consequently exhibit multiple colors and/or refractive properties.

Abstract: Disclosed is a forming electrolyte for forming metal oxide coating films which comprises one or more kinds of solutes selected from the group consisting a salt of inorganic acid and salt of organic carboxylic acid dissolved in a solvent having analcoholic hydroxyl group or aprotic organic solvent, provided that, when the solvent having an alcoholic hydroxyl group is selected, the salt of organic carboxylic acid is selected from salts of aromatic carboxylic acids, salts of aliphatic polycarboxylic acid having 3-5 carbon atoms with no hydroxyl groups, salts of monohydroxy carboxylic acid having 2-5 carbon atoms, and salts of amino acid. By anodically oxidizing metal using the forming electrolyte, there can be formed an oxide coating film of high insulation property with a high throughput, in which hillocks are effectively suppressed.

Abstract: An aluminum workpiece, e.g. sheet for containerstock, having an anodic oxide film whose thickness varies from location to location on the surface, whereby interference contrast effects are visible on the surface. Aluminum foil having on a surface thereof an unsealed anodic oxide film 5-1000 nm thick which provides a clean surface with fretting resistance. A method of anodizing thin aluminum foil is also described.

Abstract: An archival medium, such as a compact disc, is made of a metal such as aluminum which is mechanically gained with particulate material under conditions that embed particulate material into the surface of the medium and visibly imageable by selective exposure to infrared laser radiation. A mechanically grained aluminum medium can also be anodically oxidized under conditions that do not impair the ability of the substrate to be laser imaged. The archival medium can be coated with opaque and transparent polymer coatings before or after imaging for security and/or protection. The coating can be a laser ablatable coating to provide a tamper-proof medium.

Abstract: This invention provides an apparatus for producing an electrode foil for use in aluminum electrolytic capacitors with which a high capacitance is obtained while the distortion of the foil and the leakage current can be controlled. At least two electrode plates as cathode are disposed in an electrolytic tank containing an electrolytic solution, and a direct current is supplied between an aluminum foil as anode and the electrode plates. Anodization is conducted continuously by turning the direction of the aluminum foil via rollers and conveying the foil between the electrode plates. During this treatment, the length and the position of the effective sections of the electrode plates are adjusted to keep the length to be at most two-thirds of the distance between an area near the surface of the electrolytic solution and the upper part of the bottom roller, so that the peak value of the anodizing current density appears not at the surface of the electrolytic solution but in the electrolytic solution.

Abstract: An aluminum support for a planographic printing plate is produced by (1) etching a surface of an aluminum plate chemically in an acidic or alkaline aqueous solution, (2) roughening the surface of the aluminum plate electrochemically in an acidic aqueous solution by applying DC voltage to form honeycomb pits having an average diameter from 0.5 to 10 .mu.m and to leave plateau portions, (3) etching the surface of the aluminum plate to render the plateau portions less than 10% of the surface, (4) roughening the surface of the aluminum plate electrochemically in an acidic aqueous solution using direct current or alternating current to form honeycomb pits having an average diameter from 0.1 to 2 .mu.m, (5) etching the surface of the aluminum plate chemically, and (6) anodizing the surface of the aluminum plate in an acidic solution. A low current density starting zone, or soft starting zone, may be provided at a first roughening stage.

Abstract: A process for the anodization of an aluminum material which can form an anodized film free from local destruction or spalling even if supplied with electric current through the surface of the anodized film in the double-power supplied electrolytic process and/or multi-stage power supply electrolytic process to secure the desired quality and properties. A process for the anodization of an aluminum material can be provided, which comprises anodizing the surface of elongated aluminum or aluminum alloy which advances through a power supply part and an electrolytic part, and then supplying electric current to the surface of said anodized web through another power supply part in such a manner that the following relationships among the current density, the electric supply time and the amount of anodized film thus produced are satisfied:(Current density).sup.4/3 .times.(Supply time).sup.3/2 .times.(Amount of anodized film).sup.2/3 .ltoreq.5,100 (1)1.ltoreq.(Supply time).ltoreq.10,0.5.ltoreq.(Amount of anodized film).

Abstract: Reflector for technical lighting purposes, having a reflecting surface of aluminum and a protective, transparent, pore-free barrier layer of aluminum oxide produced by anodizing having a dielectric constant .epsilon. of 6 to 10.5 at 20.degree. C., where the barrier layer is of thickness d that either satisfies the conditiona) for constructive interference:d.multidot.n=k.multidot..gamma./2.+-.20 nmorb) for achieving a color-toned reflector surface:?k.multidot..gamma./2+20 nm!<d.multidot.n<?(k+1).multidot..gamma./2-20 nm!orc) for using as starting material to produce reflectors with low index/high index multi-layer coatings that increase reflectivity.d.multidot.n=l.multidot..gamma./4.+-.20 nmwhere n is the refractive index of the barrier layer, .lambda. is the average wave length of the light striking the surface of the reflector, k is a natural number and l is a natural number that is uneven. The thickness of the barrier layer lies between 60 and 490 nm and does not vary by more than .+-.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for preparing an aluminium foil comprising the steps of roughening an aluminium foil and subsequently anodizing said aluminium foil characterized in that after said anodization said aluminium foil is cleaned using an aqueous bicarbonate containing solution. The present invention further provides a mono-sheet silver salt diffusion transfer material having as a support the alumium foil obtainable from the above defined method. The step of cleaning in the bicarbonate containing solution improves the adhesion of an image receiving layer containing physical development nuclei to the aluminum foil as revealed from the increased amount of silver precipitated in the image receiving layer when the aluminum foil provided with an image receiving layer is used in a diffusion transfer reversal (DTR) process.

Abstract: A process for producing an oxide layer with a pore structure on the surface of a strip or wire of aluminum or an aluminum alloy is such that the strip or wire is passed continuously through an electrolyte and simultaneously anodized under conditions that create pores and at an anodizing voltage creating the desired thickness of oxide layer. In a first stage of the process, in order to form a fine pore structure, the anodizing voltage is set at an initial level (U.sub.1) and subsequently, in a second stage to form a coarser pore structure, raised to a final level (U.sub.2) required to reach the desired thickness of oxide layer.

Abstract: Process for continuous manufacture of an electrical conductor consisting of an at least partially aluminium-based central core coated by continuous electrodeposition with at least one metal layer, including pretreatment of the surface of the core, characterized in that the following are subsequently performed successively on the core,a) an electrochemical deposition of copper in an aqueous bath maintained at a temperature of between 20.degree. C. and 60.degree. C., containing KCN, CuCN, K.sub.2 CO.sub.3 and KNaC.sub.4 H.sub.4 O.sub.6 with a current intensity of between 1 and 10 A/dm.sup.2 ;b) rinsing at ambient temperature;c) an electrochemical deposition of tin in an aqueous bath maintained at a temperature of between 20.degree. C. and 60.degree. C., containing essentially tin dissolved in methanesulphonic acid and, optionally, additives, with a current intensity of between 1 and 100 A/dm.sup.2 ;d) rinsing with water at 60.degree. C.

Abstract: Smooth planar metal surfaces, usually an aluminum web, intended for a lithographic printing plate, are roughened by brush graining with fine abrasive particles which are hard and dense and have a radial or disk-like configuration such that the abrasive particles are forged into the surface of the metal forming cavities in which the abrasive particles remain embedded. The embedded abrasive particles are dislodged and removed from the cavities by subjecting the web to an anodic treatment employing electrolyte materials and concentrations, temperatures and voltage which will dislodge and remove the particles while retaining the surface texture or morphology of the as-roughened surface. The web is then subjected to a second anodic treatment under conditions which favor oxide formation in order to provide a final anodized product.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a new method for producing a three dimensional object, particularly suited to microfabrication applications. The method includes the steps of providing a substrate with a conducting interface, an electrode having a feature or features that are small relative to the substrate, and a solution. The solution has a reactant that will either etch the substrate or deposit a selected material in an electrochemical reaction. The electrode feature is placed close to but spaced from the interface. A current is passed between the electrode and the interface, through the solution, inducing a localized electrochemical reaction at the interface, resulting in either the deposition of material or the etching of the substrate. Relatively moving the electrode and the substrate along a selected trajectory, including motion normal to the interface, enables the fabrication of a three dimensional object.

Abstract: A process for obtaining a multilayer material suitable for transformation by drawing or drawing and ironing into a hollow body having a height to diameter ratio greater than 2.5. The process comprises subjecting an aluminum alloy substrate to an anodizing or chemical conversion surface treatment for improving adherence thereto, covering one of the surfaces of the substrate by adhering a plastic material film thereto, and covering the other of the surfaces with a coating of varnish including a solid lubricant in the form of particles which are harder than the varnish. The coated substrate is subsequently drawn or drawn and ironed into a hollow body utilizing tools having a hardness which is greater than the particles.

Abstract: An apparatus for anodizing a support for a lithographic printing plate which comprises a backing roller which guides a web made of aluminum or an alloy thereof in a state of contacting the backing roller, (an) electrode(s) which is/are arranged along the peripheral surface of the backing roller in a concentric arc, an electric supplier which is provided at least on the upstream side or the downstream side of the backing roller, and an electrolyte solution which fills the clearance between the backing roller and the electrode, and an anodizing method using the same. By using the apparatus, the electric voltage loss can be reduced in electrolyte solution, and only a single surface of the supports is anodized without the necessity for providing any special means. Anodizing can be conducted at a high speed and the thickness of anodized layer easily increased. Moreover, thin supports can be anodized without fusion troubles.

Abstract: Composite-coated flat-rolled sheet metal substrate subject to surface oxidation, after surface cleaning and oxidation removal is cathodically E-coated with minimal organic coating to stabilize such surface to prevent oxidation prior to application of protective organic coating finish to provide a total coating weight on each surface selected in the range of about 3 to about 20 mg/in.sup.2 of organic coating per surface. Such E-coat being applied to such substrate after removal of surface oxidation so as to enhance coating adhesion of end product protective organic coating. Lubricant for draw processing is embodied in the protective organic coating as a "blooming compound" or can be precoated after such organic coating to enable draw-processing of articles such as a unitary cup-shaped can body while maintaining desired full surface protective organic coating to meet requirements for such article.

Abstract: A process for zinc electroplating of aluminum strip which can be performed continuously at a high speed and a high current density. The process comprises subjecting aluminum strip to anodic electrolysis in an acidic solution which may be an acidic plating bath solution or a pickling solution before the strip is subjected to cathodic electrolysis in an acidic zinc plating bath to perform zinc electroplating.

Abstract: A bilayer oxide film which comprises a preferably porous layer containing aluminum oxide and a non-porous layer comprising an oxide of a valve metal, e.g. tantalum. The layers are integral. The film is produced by forming a coating of aluminium or an anodizable aluminum alloy on a valve metal (or alloy), anodizing the resulting structure in an electrolyte (preferably one capable of converting the aluminum (or alloy) to a porous oxide film) in the presence of an adhesion-reducing agent (e.g. fluoride ions) that makes the resulting anodized bilayer film easily detachable from the remaining valve metal. The bilayer film is then detached from the valve metal, e.g. by adhering a flexible plastic film to the bilayer and using the film to peel off the bilayer from the valve metal. The resulting bilayer can be used for a variety of purposes, e.g. as a vapor or oxygen barrier useful for packaging, or as a coating containing magnetic particles used to make a magnetic recording medium.

Abstract: There is provided a method of producing an electrode foil for use in aluminum electrolytic capacitors. This method includes the steps of (a) introducing a predetermined length of an aluminum foil into an electrolytic solution without supplying any current; (b) supplying a current to the aluminum foil until voltage becomes constant while keeping the aluminum foil stationary therein; (c) repeating the steps (a) and (b) for another predetermined length of the aluminum foil; and (d) finally holding the aluminum foil thus obtained while applying a constant voltage thereto. According to this method, an excellent electrode foil can be obtained which provides an aluminum electrolytic capacitor with high capacitance and significantly reduced leakage current.

Abstract: A metallized web of barrier packaging material e.g. metallized plastic film, is made transparent to microwaves (without loss of its barrier properties) by passing it through an electrolyte in a bath to anodize the metal and convert it to its oxide and/or hydroxide.

Abstract: A mechanically roughened substrate is conveyed through an electrolytic bath and is given a superposed electrochemical roughening, which is carried out by means of electrodes which are arranged in the electrolytic bath at a specific spacing from the substrate. The electrodes are connected to corresponding windings on the secondary side of a three-phase transformer. The corresponding windings on the primary side of the three-phase transformer are connected to a three-phase frequency converter, to which three-phase current is applied via leads. The three-phase frequency converter transforms the line frequency of the three-phase current supplied into a frequency range of about 50 to 300 Hz at a voltage of between about 1 and 380 V.