Abstract: An electrochemical test sensor is adapted to receive a fluid sample including an analyte. The electrochemical test sensor includes a base. The base includes an enzyme adapted to react with the analyte. The electrochemical test sensor further includes a plurality of electrodes, a near field communication (NFC) tag chip, an analog front end (AFE) and a microcontroller.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and compositions of matter involving enzyme-mediated bioelectrocatalysis are disclosed and described. An enzyme electrode can include an electrode, a bioelectric material coupled to the electrode, the bioelectric material further including a water-permeable polymer matrix, a planar linker covalently coupled to the water-permeable polymer matrix and noncovalently coupled to the electrode, and electrochemically active oxidoreductase enzyme molecules functionally embedded in the water-permeable polymer matrix.

Abstract: The present embodiment relates to a radiation detector having a structure enabling suppression of polarization in a thallium bromide crystalline body and suppression of corrosion of an electrode in the air. The radiation detector comprises a first electrode, a second electrode, and a thallium bromide crystalline body provided between the first and second electrodes. One of the first and the second electrodes includes an alloy layer and a low-resistance metal layer provide on the alloy layer. The alloy layer is comprised of an alloy of metallic thallium and another metal different from the metallic thallium. The low-resistance metal layer has a resistance value lower than a resistance value of the alloy layer and is electrically connected to a pad on a readout circuit while the radiation detector is mounted on the readout circuit.

Abstract: An embodiment provides a method for measuring pH in an aqueous sample with a frit-less electrode, including: introducing an aqueous sample into a measurement device comprising at least three electrodes, wherein at least one electrode of the at least three electrodes comprises a ground rod electrode, wherein at least one electrode of the at least three electrodes comprises a first measurement electrode, and wherein at least one electrode of the at least three electrodes comprises a second measurement electrode; measuring a first electrical potential between the first measurement electrode and the ground rod electrode in the aqueous sample; measuring a second electrical potential between the second measurement electrode and the ground rod electrode in the aqueous sample; and identifying a pH of the aqueous sample based upon a difference between the first electrical potential and the second electrical potential. Other aspects are described and claimed.

Abstract: Embodiments include methods, systems, and apparatus for identification, detection, and removal of cancerous cells from a patient. The apparatus includes an apparatus handle. The apparatus also includes a display including a pH measurement result. The apparatus also includes an apparatus tip including a reference electrode and a plurality of sensing surfaces, wherein each of the plurality of sensing surfaces is connected to a base of a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) device. The BJT device further includes a collector and an emitter. The apparatus also includes automation circuitry including a processing unit in communication with the apparatus tip and the display. The plurality of sensing surfaces includes a conducting material.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for providing more accurate and reliable sensor data and for detecting sensor failures. Two or more electrodes can be used to generate data, and the data can be subsequently compared by a processing module. Alternatively, one sensor can be used, and the data processed by two parallel algorithms to provide redundancy. Sensor performance, including sensor failures, can be identified. The user or system can then respond appropriately to the information related to sensor performance or failure.

Abstract: A portable complex sensor device for measuring multiple items of biometric information, according to the present invention, comprises: a plurality of electrodes for receiving the biometric information; a plurality of biometric information measuring circuits for measuring the biometric information received from the plurality of electrodes; a plurality of current sensors which are always supplied with power so as to sense electric current when an object to be measured contacts the electrodes; a wireless communication means for transmitting and receiving data to and from a smart phone; and a microcontroller for controlling the power supply of a battery by being operated in a sleep mode or an active mode on the basis of whether the current sensors have sensed the electric current.

Abstract: An electrochemical pH sensor for measuring pH in a low buffer and/or low ionic strength analyte where the electrochemical pH sensor comprises an electrode coupled with a phenolic redox species and the chemistry of the redox species provides for hydrogen bonding to one or more sulphur atoms of the redox species.

Abstract: An embodiment provides a method for compensating for inteferants in measurement of alkalinity in a reagent-less system, including: introducing an aqueous sample into a measurement device comprising one or more series of electrodes; applying an electrical signal to the aqueous sample using the one or more series of electrodes, wherein the electrical signal is selected from the group consisting of: current and voltage; identifying, during application of the electrical signal, that the electrical signal reaches an oxidation threshold and measuring, prior to reaching the oxidation threshold, a first electrical response to the electrical signal, the first electrical response attributable to interferants in the aqueous sample; identifying, during application of the electrical signal, that the electrical signal reaches an endpoint and measuring, from the oxidation threshold to the endpoint, a second electrical response to the electrical signal; and measuring an alkalinity of the aqueous sample based upon a differenc

Abstract: The present disclosure provides apparatuses, systems, and methods for performing particle analysis through flow cytometry at comparatively high event rates and for gathering high resolution images of particles.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel and unique device, method and system that detects thiocyanate in seawater with the halide ions present that can be provided in a hand-portable device that offers detection limits to 1-2 ppb which at least twice as sensitive as the nearest known device in the current state of the art. The sensor is also sensitive to nitrate ions (NO3?) in seawater at similar ppb concentrations as thiocyanate.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides apparatuses, systems, and methods for performing particle analysis through flow cytometry at comparatively high event rates and for gathering high resolution images of particles.

Abstract: A rain sensor is included in a vehicle, and a method for controlling the vehicle utilizes the rain sensor. The rain sensor includes a light transmitter configured to radiate light to a windshield of the vehicle; a light receiver configured to receive light reflected from the windshield to generate a reception light signal; a filter configured to filter out noise from the reception light signal; and a controller configured to determine a presence or absence of pollutant and a degree of pollution on the basis of the filtered reception light signal, and perform pollutant removing.

Abstract: A temperature measurement probe (130) for use in a magnetic resonance environment, includes an elongated substrate (202), at least one highly resistive, electrically conductive traces (200, 200a, 200b, 200a?, 200b?) one printed at least one thermistor (204) disposed on the substrate and electrically connected with the trace. The thermistor is configured to be placed in thermal communication with a patient in the magnetic resonance environment. In some embodiments, the printed trace may be carbon-based, silicone based, or may be a doped semiconductor material.

Abstract: A deformation verification system of a vehicle body includes a dip tank in which fluid is contained. The dip tank has a transparent window from the outside to see the inside. A moving device is configured to lower the vehicle body into the fluid, to move the vehicle body in the fluid and to raise the vehicle body. A camera is installed to detect the form of the vehicle body through the transparent window.

Abstract: Ultrasonic catheters and methods for determining and/or monitoring reflux volumes during gastroesophageal reflux events.

Abstract: Described are methods and systems to apply a plurality of test voltages to the test strip and measure a current transient output resulting from an electrochemical reaction in a test chamber of the test strip so that a glucose concentration can be determined that account for hematocrits in both typical subjects and neonates.

Abstract: Systems and methods for automated self-compensation are described herein. Accordingly, some embodiments of a method may include measuring a signal from an electrochemical sensor device, where the signal relates to the presence of a predetermined gas, and where the electrochemical sensor device includes a potentiostat, measuring an internal property of the electrochemical sensor device by electronically pinging the potentiostat, and receiving a response from the potentiostat. In some embodiments, the method may include interpreting the response through an associative relationship between the electrochemical sensor device and a data acquisition and calculation module, determining an effect of an environmental factor from the response, compensating for effects of the environmental factor by adjusting the signal from the electrochemical sensor device and outputting the adjusted signal.

Abstract: Described are methods and systems to apply a plurality of test voltages to the test strip and measure at least a current transient output resulting from an electrochemical reaction in a test chamber of the test strip so that a glucose concentration can be determined that are generally insensitive to other substances in the body fluid sample that could affect the precision and accuracy of the glucose concentration.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to recognition tunneling methods, systems and devices for the detection of carbohydrates by measuring tunneling currents of sugars which give distinct electronic signals in a tunnel gap functionalized respectively with, for example, in some embodiments, 4(5)-(2-mercaptoethyl)-1H imideazole-2-carboxamide and 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid molecules on at least one, and preferably each electrode.

Abstract: The concentration measurement method includes: introducing a predetermined amount of the biological sample into the capillary; measuring a temperature of the biological sample by applying a first voltage to the electrode unit when the temperature of the biological sample is measured, the first voltage allowing the temperature measurement to be less affected by increase and reduction in an amount of the analyte contained in the biological sample; measuring the concentration of the analyte contained in the biological sample by applying a second voltage to the electrode unit; measuring an environmental temperature in a surrounding of the biological sample; and correcting the concentration of the measured analyte based on the measured temperature of the biological sample and the measured environmental temperature.

Abstract: Oxidation/reduction measurement is described. An aspect provides an oxidation/reduction quantification method, including: receiving intermittent oxidizer/reducer reference measurements from one or more reference sensors; receiving one or more substantially continuous oxidizer/reducer-related measurements from one or more corroboration sensors; and processing the one or more substantially continuous oxidizer/reducer-related measurements with the intermittent oxidizer/reducer reference measurements to generate substantially continuous representative oxidizer/reducer measurements. Other aspects are described.

Abstract: In aspects of the present disclosure, a multi compatible or universal blood glucose monitoring unit including a calibration unit is integrated with one or more components of an analyte monitoring system to provide compatibility with in vitro test strip that require calibration code and test strips that do not require calibration code. Also disclosed are methods, systems, devices and kits for providing the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrochemical biosensor with improved hematocrit measurement accuracy for measuring blood glucose. According to the present invention, an electrochemical biosensor including a first electrode part for correcting a measured hematocrit value and a second electrode part for measuring a glucose concentration is effective in improving accuracy of a measured hematocrit value and in more improving accuracy of a measured blood glucose concentration using the measured hematocrit values for correction, because an insulation cover is made thinner than a working electrode and an auxiliary electrode, so that areas of a first working electrode and a first auxiliary electrode of the first electrode part exposed to a blood sample become equal; a distance between the first working electrode and the second working electrode becomes constant; and electrode areas are maintained constantly by the insulation cover even when a positioning error occurs during printing.

Abstract: Systems and methods for multiple analyte analysis are provided. In one embodiment, a method includes determining concentrations of first and second analytes in a sample. The first and second analytes may be, for example, glucose and hydroxybutyrate. In this form, an indication related to the measured concentration of hydroxybutyrate is provided in response to determining that the concentration of hydroxybutyrate is above a predetermined value. In a further aspect of this form, a quantitative indication representative of the measured glucose concentration is automatically provided regardless of the value of the measured glucose concentration. In another embodiment, a system includes a meter configured to interact with a test element to assess first and second analytes in a sample. Further embodiments, forms, objects, features, advantages, aspects, and benefits shall become apparent from the description and drawings.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to biosensor monitors, test strips and activation mechanisms and methods thereof. The biosensor monitor is for verifying a test strip to be used with the biosensor monitor. The monitor includes verification components located within the monitor and accessible to a test strip to be inserted into the biosensor monitor. The verification components interact with verification portions of the test strip to allow the biosensor monitor to verify the test strip before the biosensor monitor tests biological material on the test strip. A test strip and methods are also described.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a blood glucose measurement module, a smart phone combinable with the blood glucose measurement module, and a blood glucose measurement method using the same. The blood glucose measurement module includes a body, a strip reception slit, and a plug. The body includes a blood glucose measurement unit for measuring a blood glucose level of blood absorbed into a test strip and a CPU for calculating and transmitting the results of the measurement of the blood glucose level. The strip reception slit is formed in a part of the body, and receives the test strip. The plug is formed on one end surface of the body, and is easily fitted into the socket of a smart phone.

Abstract: An article suitable for conducting one or more assays with an apparatus, e.g., a meter, for determining the presence or concentration of an analyte in a sample of biological fluid. The article contains a plurality of biosensors arranged in such a manner that each of the biosensors can be utilized before the article must be removed from the apparatus.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a home test or a point of care test device that can both detect blood glucose and insulin levels and methods using said device. The device and methods can be used to aid diabetic patients and medical practitioners to fine tune insulin administration, and to monitor disease progression or treatment.

Abstract: A method of measuring lactate in a blood sample taken from capillary blood using a skin lancing procedure includes disposing onto an area of skin on an animal a predefined amount of a skin treatment compound that is capable of suppressing and/or eliminating and/or preventing and/or blocking any sweat from the skin in the area of a lanced wound site, the compound being disposed on the skin either before lancing the area of skin that provides a droplet of capillary blood for measurement of blood lactate concentration or after lancing the area of skin but before a droplet of capillary blood forms on the skin in order to prevent contaminating the blood sample, and then measuring the lactate concentration of the blood sample with a disposable lactate sensor strip.

Abstract: Systems and methods for multiple analyte analysis are provided. In one embodiment, a method includes determining concentrations of first and second analytes in a sample. The first and second analytes may be, for example, glucose and hydroxybutyrate. In this form, an indication related to the measured concentration of hydroxybutyrate is provided in response to determining that the concentration of hydroxybutyrate is above a predetermined value. In a further aspect of this form, a quantitative indication representative of the measured glucose concentration is automatically provided regardless of the value of the measured glucose concentration. In another embodiment, a system includes a meter configured to interact with a test element to assess first and second analytes in a sample. Further embodiments, forms, objects, features, advantages, aspects, and benefits shall become apparent from the description and drawings.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a sensor port configured to receive a plurality of analyte sensors having different sizes, shapes and/or electrode configurations. Also provided are analyte meters, analyte monitoring devices and/or systems and drug delivery devices and/or systems utilizing the disclosed sensor ports.

Abstract: An instrument and method for accurately measuring target analyte levels is a gas sample over an extended range. The instrument includes (i) a sensor effective for detecting the analyte, and (ii) a barrier film having limited permeability for the analyte covering the inlet orifice on the sensor for reducing the flux of analyte into the sensor. The method involves (a) sensing the flux of target analyte passing through the barrier film and into sensing contact with the sensor, and (b) reporting a concentration of analyte by multiplying a concentration value previously correlated to the sensed flux by the flux reduction factor of the barrier film.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of altering the sensitivity and/or selectivity of a chemiresistor sensor, to a sensor and a sensor array produced by such method.

Abstract: We propose a procedure for the determination of lactic acid or lactate in biological fluids, which is simple and low cost with respect to the known methodologies. This procedure can be used by unskilled personnel and it can be implemented in disposable test strips and portable measure devices. The procedure is based on the photochemical reaction of lactic acid with Fe(III), which is reduced to Fe(II) when irradiated with UV light. The Fe(II), produced proportionally to the amount of lactate in the sample, is determined electrochemically or using its reaction with a colored complexing agent, such as 1,10-phenanthroline, and determined by spectrophotometry. This method is advantageous both for the low cost of the reagents employed, and for their short and long term stability.

Abstract: A method of determining the pH of an aqueous liquid which contains little or no buffer, such as does not contain more than 0.01 moles per litre of pH-buffering partially dissociated acid, base and/or salt, uses an electrode with at least one redox active compound immobilized thereon convertible electrochemically between reduced and oxidized forms with transfer of at least one proton between the compound and the aqueous liquid. Varying potential is applied to the electrode, observing current flow as potential is varied, determining the applied potential at a maximum current for redox reaction of the compound, and determining pH from the potential at maximum current. The electrode has a covering layer which separates the redox active compound from the aqueous liquid but selectively allows the passage of hydrogen ions between the redox active compound and the aqueous liquid. The presence of the covering layer enhances accuracy of the measurement of pH of the aqueous liquid.

Abstract: A lab on a chip device includes a whole blood inlet port and microchannels to transport a whole blood sample or plasma skimmed from the whole blood sample into a detection chamber that includes at least one 3-electrode set of a counter electrode, a working electrode and a reference electrode. The counter electrode, the working electrode and the reference electrode may present bare, unmodified surfaces that are disposed so that clozapine present in the whole blood sample is detected via a reduction-oxidation reaction. Alternatively, the working electrode surface may include catechol grafted to chitosan. A method of detecting analytes and biomarkers includes collecting a whole blood sample, loading the sample into a point-of-care testing (POCT) device that includes at least one working electrode; testing the sample for the occurrence of a redox reaction; and calculating the total oxidative charge when the working electrode is bare or modified as before.

Abstract: An electrode for the determination of pH is made by depositing a phenolic compound on a conductive substrate, where the phenolic compound has a phenolic hydroxy group attached to a carbon atom on an aromatic ring and also has an oxygen atom connected through one other atom to an adjacent carbon atom of the aromatic ring such that this oxygen atom can form a hydrogen bond to the phenolic hydroxy group; and then electrochemically oxidising the immobilized phenolic compound in a one electron one proton oxidation so as to form a polymeric, water-insoluble, redox-active deposit on the conductive substrate. The electrode is useful for electrochemical determination of pH and is capable of measuring pH of an unbuffered aqueous liquid.

Abstract: An analyte meter having a test strip port is configured to detect whether an approved test strip has been inserted into the test strip port before turning on analyte measurement subsystems in the analyte meter. After the meter is turned on, control circuitry in the meter continues to monitor whether the test strip is removed prior to application of a blood sample on the test strip or whether the test strip is removed after application of a blood sample on the test strip, such as during an assay of the sample.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a sensor including an elongated member including at least a portion that is electrically conductive. The elongated member includes a sensing layer adapted to react with a material desired to be sensed. An insulating layer surrounds the elongated member. The insulating layer defines at least one access opening for allowing the material desired to be sensed to enter an interior region defined between the elongated member and the insulating layer. The insulating layer has an inner transverse cross-sectional profile that is different from an outer transverse cross-sectional profile of the elongated member. The difference in transverse cross-sectional profiles between the elongated member and the insulating layer provides channels at the interior region defined between the insulating layer and the elongated member. The channels extend generally along the length of the elongated member and are sized to allow the material desired to be sensed to move along the length of the sensor.

Abstract: An analyte meter is configured to digitally test for the presence of a test strip in the meter and for the presence of a sample in the test strip prior to activating an analog current measurement circuit of the meter. A test strip port connector having a plurality of contacts receives an inserted test strip in which the contacts electrically connect to electrodes on the test strip for digitally detecting both the presence of a test strip and a sample added to the test strip. A control circuit monitoring the contacts maintains the analyte meter in a low power mode until detecting both the test strip and the sample, whereupon the control circuit activates the meter and enables an analog analyte measurement circuit.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods directed to an electrode initialization step for the electrochemical treatment of monolayers used in electrochemical detection of target analytes on the surface of a monolayer. Electrode initialization creates a more stable monolayer, and resolves variability within the electrochemical signal detected on the monolayer.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an orientation-nonspecific sensor port for use in analyte meters designed to detect and quantify analyte levels in a fluid sample along with methods of using the same. The present disclosure also provides compositions and methods for facilitating the correct insertion of a sensor into a corresponding analyte meter.

Abstract: A resilient sleeve removably encases a body fluid monitor. The sleeve and a corresponding medical kit include a visually enhancing adornment for promoting the optical recognizability of the encased body fluid monitor and the kit. This is useful in medical emergencies when locating the body fluid monitor can be the difference between life and death. The visually enhancing adornment can include a highly visible color and/or indicia such as a letter, word, phrase and/or logo. In some embodiments the highly visible color is contrastable to blood and/or orange. In some embodiments the color of the inside of the kit is in contrast to the color of the resilient sleeve.

Abstract: Described herein is a device comprising a plurality of first reaction electrodes arranged in an array, the plurality of first reaction electrodes configured to be exposed to a solution and having a capacitance; first circuitry configured to controllably connect the plurality of first reaction electrodes to a bias source and controllably disconnect the plurality of first reaction electrodes from the bias source; and second circuitry configured to measure a rate of charging or discharging of the capacitance. Also described herein is a method of using this device to sequence DNA.

Abstract: An analyte meter having a test strip port is configured to transmit an electric signal through a received test strip with a sample. A pair of electrodes apply the electric signal and receive an electrical response from the test strip. A processing unit analyzes the electrical response and uses the response to determine an analyte level of the sample.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed for utilizing sensors with existing devices. An interface module is used in combination with a newer sensor, such as a fluorescence oxygen sensor, and an older legacy device. The older legacy device supplies a polarizing voltage, and anticipates a measured current of between 0 and 100 nA. The newer sensor requires no polarizing voltage and delivers an output of 0-10 volts in one embodiment, and 4-20 mA in another embodiment. The interface module receives the output from the sensor, and converts it into a useable signal to the legacy device. In another embodiment, the interface module comprises a number of outputs, such that both legacy devices and newer devices can be in communication with the sensor simultaneously. The interface module can be used in conjunction with a reactor chamber or other pharmaceutical process.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed for utilizing sensors with existing devices. An interface module is used in combination with a newer sensor, such as a fluorescence oxygen sensor, and an older legacy device. The older legacy device supplies a polarizing voltage, and anticipates a measured current of between 0 and 100 nA. The newer sensor requires no polarizing voltage and delivers an output of 0-10 volts in one embodiment, and 4-20 mA in another embodiment. The interface module receives the output from the sensor, and converts it into a useable signal to the legacy device. In another embodiment, the interface module comprises a number of outputs, such that both legacy devices and newer devices can be in communication with the sensor simultaneously. The interface module can be used in conjunction with a reactor chamber or other pharmaceutical process.

Abstract: A chronoamperometric method and device to determine concentration of an electrochemically active species in a fluid and pH of the fluid. A plurality of sets of calibration relationships may be determined for a sensor in an aqueous solution, the sensor having one or more working electrodes and one or more reference electrodes. A first plurality of potentials may be applied across the working and reference electrodes of the sensor in solution, and a first plurality of currents and current differences obtained as a function of the applied first plurality of potentials. Concentration of an electrochemically active species may then be determined as a function of the obtained first plurality of currents and current differences using the plural sets of calibration relationships, and pH of the solution may be determined as a function of the obtained first plurality of currents and current differences using the plural sets of calibration relationships.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of determining the overall oxidative status of a body fluid or a tissue of a patient by measuring the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) of the body fluid or tissue. The method has been found to be useful in the diagnosis, evaluation and monitoring of patients who have suffered a trauma (such as a head injury), patients suspected of being critically-ill or who are critically ill, patients who have an infection, and patients suspected of having a myocardial infarction (MI) or who have had an MI. The method has also been found useful in monitoring and evaluating exercise performance in patients. In addition, the method has been found useful in monitoring and evaluating stored blood products and patients who will receive such a product.