Abstract: A method for improving the efficiency of a fired heater without an air preheat system is described. The method involves the use of an additional outboard convection section which is separate from the regular convection section of the fired heater. The outboard convection section uses the boiler feed water or an alternate cold sink to reduce the temperature of the flue gas, thereby improving the efficiency.

Abstract: A process for reducing pressure of a vapor stream wherein the vapor stream rotates a turbine wheel within the turbine to transmit rotational movement to an electrical generator and generate electricity. The resulting lower pressure vapor stream reduces a partial pressure of a hydrocarbon vapor or is injected into a reactor to reduce a temperature in the reactor. A recovered electric power measuring system comprises at least one processor; at least one memory storing computer-executable instructions; and at least one receiver configured to receive data from a sensor on an electrical powerline connected to a generator of a turbine, the turbine in fluid communication with a vapor stream wherein the turbine reduces the pressure of the vapor stream and the resulting lower pressure vapor stream is injected into a reactor to reduce a temperature in the reactor or to reduce a partial pressure of hydrocarbon vapor in the reactor.

Abstract: Processes and apparatus for isomerizing hydrocarbons are provided. The process comprises isomerizing the hydrocarbon feed stream in the presence of an isomerization catalyst and hydrogen in an isomerization zone under isomerization conditions to produce an isomerized stream. The isomerized stream is stabilized in a stabilizer column to provide a stabilizer off-gas stream and a liquid isomerate stream. The stabilizer off gas stream is passed to a net-gas scrubber to obtain a net gas scrubber off-gas stream comprising hydrogen and C1-C4 hydrocarbons. The net gas scrubber off-gas stream is contacted with an absorber liquid feed comprising C5 to C7 hydrocarbons in an absorber column to provide an absorber overhead stream comprising predominantly hydrogen and an absorber bottoms stream comprising predominantly light ends, the light ends comprising C1-C4 hydrocarbons. The absorber overhead stream is passed to the isomerization zone as make-up hydrogen.

Abstract: Separation processes using engineered osmosis are disclosed generally involving the extraction of solvent from a first solution to concentrate solute by using a second concentrated solution to draw the solvent from the first solution across a semi-permeable membrane. Enhanced efficiency may result from using low grade waste heat from industrial or commercial sources.

Abstract: Provided is a reformate hydrotreatment method, the method comprising: under liquid phase hydrotreatment conditions, bringing the reformate and a catalyst having a catalytic hydrogenation effect into contact in a hydrogenation reactor, the hydrogen used in the hydrotreating process at least partially coming from the hydrogen dissolved in the reformate. According to the method of the present invention, the reformate separated from a reformate products separating tank can directly undergo liquid phase hydrotreatment; therefore not only can the hydrogen dissolved in the reformate be fully utilized, but the olefins in the reformate can also be removed, while eliminate the requirements for recycle hydrogen and a recycle device thereof. The reformate obtained by the method of the present invention reduces the bromine index to below 50 mgBr2/100 g, and has an arene loss of less than 0.5 wt %.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for generating an alkene, in which a hydrocarbon-comprising feed material is subjected to a dehydrogenation and a product material comprising at least one alkene is generated. A gas stream coming from an adsorber is cooled by a gas stream which comprises the feed material, and the gas stream coming from the adsorber is cooled by a condensed component of the gas stream coming from the adsorber in a first cooling phase. Feed material is cooled in a second cooling phase by a condensed component of the gas stream coming from the adsorber. The flow of the condensed component of the gas stream coming from the adsorber, fed to the first and/or second cooling phase, is varied depending on the temperature of the gas stream leaving the first cooling phase which comprises the feed material and which is fed to the dehydrogenation.

Abstract: A quench system and process for cooling high temperature gases is presented. The quench system includes a frustum, or conic, shaped section having an inlet at the smaller end of the quench section and the outlet at the larger end of the quench section. The system includes spray nozzles having openings flush with the wall of the quench section. The process includes spraying a large volume of liquid in small droplets for rapid heat transfer and vaporization of the quench liquid.

Abstract: This invention relates to petroleum processing, in particular to producing coke with a delayed coking process and to an assembly for trapping the products formed during the coke steaming and cooling processes. Petroleum coke deposits in delayed coking reaction drums. When one drum fills up, the flow of feed into that drum is switched off. The temperature in the switched off drum rises to 420-450° C. To remove coke from the drum, the drum needs to be water-cooled to 60-90° C., but the petroleum vapour products must be removed first and steamed water steam. Low-quality fractionating of the products formed during the steaming and cooling of coke results in losses of petroleum products and in atmospheric pollution.

Abstract: The recycle gas stream containing hydrogen that is part of the feedstream to a hydroprocessing reactor is mixed with the low purity make-up hydrogen and the sour flash gases upstream of the recycle gas compressor and compressed by the recycle gas compressor. The compressed gases pass through a methane and higher (C1+) absorber to produce a sweet hydrogen recycle gas stream that is delivered to the hydroprocessing reactor at 96-98 mol % hydrogen. The process can be used to advantage in existing process facilities to increase the hydrogen partial pressure in the feedstream to the hydroprocessor where the existing recycle gas compressor is not designed for compressing the high purity hydrogen.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for recovering product from catalytically converted product streams. An integrated debutanizer column provides an LPG stream, a light naphtha stream and a heavy naphtha stream. The integrated debutanizer column may comprise a dividing wall column. The light naphtha stream may be used as an absorbent for a primary absorber column which provides advantageous operation.

Abstract: Processing schemes and arrangements are provided for the processing a heavy hydrocarbon feedstock via fluidized catalytic cracking with selected hydrocarbon fractions including light olefins being obtained via absorption and separation product recovery.

Abstract: Processing schemes and arrangements are provided arrangements are provided for the processing a heavy hydrocarbon feedstock via hydrocarbon cracking processing with selected hydrocarbon fractions being obtained via absorption-based product recovery while minimizing or avoiding loss of light olefins via system purging.

Abstract: A gas generated from a first crude oil and containing volatile organic compounds and a second crude oil are supplied to an absorber 16, thereby absorbing the volatile organic compounds in the gas into the second crude oil.

Abstract: Process for the treatment of a hydrocarbon mixture that comprises hydrogen, in which the mixture is separated at pressure P1 into a liquid L1 and a gas G1 that is compressed under a pressure P2>2×P1; compressed gas G1** is then brought into contact with at least a portion of L1 so as to recover a liquid L2 and a hydrogen-rich gas G2; at least one stabilized liquid and a light liquid stream LL comprising primarily LPG, of which at least a portion is reduced in pressure and mixed with gas G1 to facilitate its compression, are recovered by fractionation from G1** and/or from L2. The invention also relates to a process for reforming hydrocarbons with such an effluent treatment.

Abstract: Process for treatment of a hydrocarbon feedstock that comprises a hydrocarbon-containing liquid phase and hydrogen, in which the feedstock is separated under a pressure P1 into a liquid L1 and a gas G1, that is compressed and brought into contact with a portion of L1 under a pressure P2>2×P1 to recover a liquid L2 and a hydrogen-rich gas G2; L2 is fractionated to obtain a stabilized liquid L4a that is free of LPG and lighter products, a liquid stream of LPG, and a gas stream G4 that is recycled, and in which one of gas streams: recompressed G1 and G4 is in counter-current contact with an unstabilized liquid AL that is obtained from or extracted from L1 or L2, whereby this unstabilized liquid is supercooled by at least 10° C. below its bubble point at pressure P2.

Abstract: A device comprising at least one absorber, at least one cold separator from which is extracted a gaseous phase that feeds the absorber, at least one recycling to said cold separator of at least a portion of liquid effluent that is obtained from the absorber and which is mixed with the feedstock, at least one heat exchanger for cooling the mixture prior to the recycling, at least one conduit for recovering a light hydrocarbon-enriched liquid fraction obtained from the cold separator and at least one conduit for evacuating gases from the absorber, said device being useable for the treatment of a hydrogen-rich gas or for the recovery of a hydrocarbon-enriched liquid.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of gaseous products from the product mixture obtained by contacting a hydrocarbon feed with a catalyst in a fluid catalytic cracking process, wherein the liquid, obtained by separating the top product of main fractionators into gaseous and liquid fraction, when supplied to the absorber has a temperature of between about 8–25 DEG C. This liquid may be pre-saturated with gaseous top product from absorber; or also a high boiling fraction (cat cracker naphtha/light cycle oil) may be first separated from this liquid by distillation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for removing DME from a stream containing C4 olefins. The process includes providing a first stream comprising C4 olefins, C5+ hydrocarbons, DME, and methanol. The first stream is separated into a second stream comprising the C4 olefins and the DME and a third stream comprising the C5+ hydrocarbons and the methanol. The second stream is directed to a DME absorption unit, wherein the second stream contacts water under conditions effective to separate the C4 olefins from the DME. Also disclosed is a process including contacting the first stream with water in a methanol removal unit under conditions effective to separate remove the methanol therefrom; distilling the methanol-depleted stream to remove C5+ hydrocarbon components, and contacting the stream with water in a DME removal unit under conditions effective to form an overhead stream comprising the C4 olefins and a bottoms stream comprising the DME.

Abstract: In a hydrocracking unit, the flash gases from the high-pressure separator are fed to the bottom of an absorption zone where the entering gases are counter-currently contacted with a lean solvent. The lean solvent absorbs away the contained methane, ethane, propane, butanes and pentanes (C1+) from the contained hydrogen. The overhead gas stream from the absorption zone typically contains hydrogen at a purity of 90 to 98 mol %, or even higher, which is fed to the recycle gas stream to provide hydrogen purity in the range of 96 to 99 mol %, thereby providing an increase in the overall efficiency of the hydroprocessor unit. The process can also be employed with hydrotreating, hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrogenation and hydrodealkylation reactors.

Abstract: A process for recovering a hydrogen-rich gas and for increasing the recovery of liquid hydrocarbon products from a hydrocarbon conversion zone effluent by adsorption of the liquifiable products from a chilled gaseous stream with a chilled liquid stream is improved by an arrangement that uses a single refrigeration shell to provide independent temperature control of the chilled gaseous and the chilled liquid stream.

Abstract: Processes and apparatus for providing improved catalytic cracking, specifically improved recovery of olefins, LPG or hydrogen from catalytic crackers. The improvement is achieved by passing part of the wet gas stream across membranes selective in favor of light hydrocarbons over hydrogen.

Abstract: A process for hydroprocessing a fluid stream containing at least hydrogen and hydrocarbons. The process uses a hydrocarbon-selective membrane to reduce the concentration of hydrocarbons and contaminants in the hydrogen stream recycled to the hydroprocessing reactor. The membrane can operate in the presence of hydrogen sulfide. The process also provides the opportunity for increased NGL recovery from the hydrocarbon-enriched membrane permeate stream.

Abstract: Processes and apparatus for providing improved contaminant removal and hydrogen reuse in reactors, particularly in refineries and petrochemical plants. The improved contaminant removal is achieved by selective purging, by passing gases in the reactor recycle loop across membranes selective in favor of the contaminant over hydrogen.

Abstract: Processes and apparatus for providing improved catalytic reforming, specifically improved recovery of reformate and hydrogen from catalytic reformers. The improvement is achieved by passing portions of the reactor effluent or streams derived from the reactor effluent across membranes selective in favor of light hydrocarbons over hydrogen.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of olefins from a hydrocarbon cut, comprising a step for separating at least one paraffin contained in the hydrocarbon cut, a step for dehydrogenating the paraffin and a step for purifying the hydrogen produced during dehydrogenation, at least a part of that hydrogen being recycled to the dehydrogenation step. The invention is of particular application to the preparation of olefins containing 3 to 5 carbon atoms per molecule from a C.sub.3 to C.sub.5 hydrocarbon cut containing at least one paraffin.

Abstract: A process for recovering a hydrogen-rich gas and for increasing the recovery of liquid hydrocarbon products from a hydrocarbon conversion zone effluent by adsorption of the liquifiable products from a chilled gaseous stream with a chilled liquid stream is improved by an arrangement that uses a single refrigeration shell to provide independent temperature control of the chilled gaseous and the chilled liquid stream.

Abstract: Wash water is used to remove impurities such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and hydrogen cyanide from light hydrocarbons and gases derived from refinery fluid catalytic cracking operations. The present invention is a process of low pressure recirculation of wash water combined with low pressure removal of waste water which results in the efficient removal of the above impurities at significantly reduced wash water rates.

Abstract: Purified hydrogen is recovered from the effluent of a catalytic dehydrogenation zone using an integrated cold absorption process. The effluent, which contains olefinic hydrocarbons and hydrogen is compressed, cooled and contacted with a liquid absorbent. The purified hydrogen can be recycled to the dehydrogenation zone and the olefinic hydrocarbons are recovered as product. The present invention will recover higher purity hydrogen and liquefiable hydrocarbons more economically than prior art processes.

Abstract: A FCC product recovery section operates at greater efficiency by recovering separate riser product streams and reactor product streams and quenching and absorbing lighter, more valuable hydrocarbon products from the reactor product stream in separate quench and absorption vessels. The quench and absorbtion vessels are intergrated with a main fractionator and gas concentration section of a typical FCC product recovery section. Heavy hydrocarbons, clarified oil and/or cycle oil absorb hydrocarbons from the reactor product stream in the quench and absorption vessels and return the absorbed products to the main fractionator while net gasoline product from the reactor product stream enter the primary absorber of the gas concentration section. This arrangement is particularly useful in increasing the product recovery capacity of an existing FCC product separation section.

Abstract: A process for recovering hydrogen-rich gases and increasing the recovery of liquid hydrocarbon products from a hydrocarbon conversion zone effluent is improved by a particular arrangement of a refrigeration zone, a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) zone, and up to two separation zones. The admixing of at least a portion of the tail gas from the PSA zone with a hydrogen-rich gas stream recovered from a first vapor-liquid separation zone results in significantly improved hydrocarbon recoveries and the production of a high purity hydrogen product. The process is especially beneficial in the integration of the catalytic reforming process with vapor hydrogen consuming processes such as catalytic hydrocracking in a petroleum refinery.

Abstract: A process for recovering hydrogen-rich gases and increasing the recovery of liquid hydrocarbon products from a hydrocarbon conversion zone effluent is improved by a particular arrangement of two refrigeration zones and an absorption vessel.

Abstract: A process for recovering hydrogen-rich gases and increasing the recovery of liquid hydrocarbon products from a hydrocarbon conversion zone effluent is improved by a particular arrangement of a refrigeration zone and two separation zones.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the separation of fine catalyst particles from a hydrocarbon feedstock coming from a catalytic cracking unit by filtration through mineral barriers and a filtration loop.The process consists of filtering the feedstock through mineral barriers that are resistant to heat and have a porosity adapted to the minimum diameter of the particles to be retained. The porosity is generally between 0.1 and 100 microns.

Abstract: An FCC or fluidized catalytic cracking process and apparatus for converting heavy metals laden crudes is disclosed. The heavy feed, conventional catalyst and an additive or vanadium getter contact the feed in a riser reactor. The additive is segregated from conventional FCC catalyst upstream of the conventional FCC regenerator. An elutriating, upflow riser reactor may be used with a coarse, rapidly settling getter. A fine, slowly settling getter may be used, with getter segregation achieved by using an elutriating cyclone on the riser outlet, an elutriating catalyst stripper, a sieve, or the like. The spent getter may be used once through, regenerated in a separate getter regenerator, or used as a source of fuel. Alumina and sponge coke are preferred getters.

Abstract: A process for converting a feedstock containing 1 to about 6 carbon atoms per molecule which includes (a) contacting the feedstock with a solid composition comprising a crystalline microporous three dimensional solid catalyst having pores and being capable of promoting the conversion, and matrix material at conditions effective to convert the feedstock, to produce at least one desired product, and to at least partially deactivate the solid composition; (b) contacting the deactivated solid composition with regeneration medium at conditions to at least partially regenerate the solid composition; and (c) repeating step (a), the improvement which comprises (d) contacting the regenerated solid composition prior to step (c) to condition the regenerated solid composition to have increased effectiveness in step (c).

Abstract: A process for treating a temperature-sensitive hydrocarbonaceous stream containing a non-distillable component to produce a hydrogenated distillable hydrocarbonaceous product and a heavy product comprising the non-distillable component while minimizing thermal degradation of the hydrocarbonaceous stream which process comprises the steps of: (a) contacting the hydrocarbonaceous stream with a hot first hydrogen-rich gaseous stream having a temperature greater than the hydrocarbonaceous stream in a first flash zone at flash conditions including a first pressure thereby increasing the temperature of the hydrocarbonaceous stream and vaporizing at least a portion thereof to provide a first hydrocarbonaceous vapor stream comprising hydrogen and a first heavy product stream comprising the non-distillable component; (b) contacting the first heavy product stream comprising the non-distillable component with a hot second hydrogen-rich gaseous stream in a second flash zone at flash conditions including a second pressure

Abstract: Resid hydrotreating conversion of resid can be substantially increased by decreasing the feed gas rate and simultaneously increasing the concentration of hydrogen in the feed gases. Hydrogen purity can be increased by increasing the flow rate of lean sponge oil into the sponge oil absorbers, bleeding some of the recycled reactor tail gases, and increasing the makeup gas rate.

Abstract: A process for recovering heat from a tar-containing gas while simultaneously cooling the gas in a 3-stage cooling step by (1) directing a tar-containing gas through a jet cooler comprising a bed of solid particles so that the gas contacts the solid particles and forms a fluidized bed with the flow of the tar-containing gas, which jet cooler comprises a central draft tube into which the gas is directed and indirect heat exchange lines containing a liquid coolant therein disposed inside the central draft tube and wherein the gas and solid particles are cooled by such indirect heat exchange lines such that the tar from the gas condenses on the solid particles; (2) directing the gas through a tar cooler in the second stage wherein the gas-containing residual tars and other impurities resulting from the treatment in the jet cooler are sprayed with a circulating tar from a nozzle to remove a residual tars and impurities from the gas and wherein the gas is further cooled in said tar cooler by means of an indirect he

Abstract: An improved method for processing the effluent of a hydrocarbon conversion zone. The invention is particularly useful in a catalytic reforming reaction, wherein practice of the invention results in an increased recovery of butane and propane. The effluent is separated into vapor and liquid components, which are then recontacted at a higher pressure. Several recontacting steps may be employed. Liquid product is then subjected to fractionation. Overhead vapor from the fractionation zone is recycled back to a recontacting step in order to recover a portion of the hydrocarbons contained therein, instead of routing the vapor to the plant fuel gas system.

Abstract: An improved catalytic reforming process is disclosed wherein hydrogen and light hydrocarbons generated in the catalytic reaction zone are passed to a hydrogen production/purification zone and are reacted and processed therein to produce substantially pure hydrogen. A portion of the hydrogen is then admixed with the charge stock to the catalytic reforming zone to provide the hydrogen requirements of the catalytic reforming reaction zone.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for improving the recovery of benzene from a reforming process by adding to the reformer effluent a heavy oil, then recovering the benzene in a flash drum.

Abstract: An absorption process is disclosed for the recovery of normally liquid hydrocarbons from a gas stream. The process is useful in recovering hydrocarbons from the gas stream discharged by the main fractionation column of a fluidized catalytic cracking unit. The feed gas is compressed and passed through an absorption zone to produce a high pressure lean gas which is depressurized in a power recovery turbine. The turbine compresses air used within the catalyst regeneration zone of the fluidized catalytic cracking unit.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic reforming of a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock at reforming conditions including a pressure of from about 50 to about 250 psig. is disclosed. A portion of the hydrogen-rich vapor phase recovered from the reforming zone effluent at a relatively low pressure is compressed and recycled to the reforming zone without further purification. The balance of said hydrogen-rich vapor phase, or the net hydrogen, is compressed to a relatively high pressure and recontacted with at least a portion of the liquid hydrocarbon phase recovered from said low pressure separation to effect a further purification of said net hydrogen and to maximize the recovery of C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 + material in the liquid phase.

Abstract: This invention relates to a hydrocarbon conversion process effected in the presence of hydrogen, especially a hydrogen-producing hydrocarbon conversion process. More particularly, this invention relates to the catalytic reforming of a naphtha feedstock, and is especially directed to an improved recovery of the net excess hydrogen, and to an improved recovery of a C.sub.3 + normally gaseous hydrocarbon conversion product and a C.sub.5 + hydrocarbon conversion product boiling in the gasoline range.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the catalytic reforming of hydrocarbons in the presence of hydrogen, preferably to produce high quality gasoline boiling range products. An improved recovery of normally gaseous hydrocarbons from the net excess hydrogen is realized by chilling and contacting said hydrogen with a normally liquid hydrocarbon stream in a plural stage absorption zone at an elevated pressure.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the catalytic reforming of hydrocarbons in the presence of hydrogen, preferably to produce high quality gasoline boiling range products. An improved recovery of normally gaseous hydrocarbons from the net excess hydrogen is realized by chilling and contacting said hydrogen with a normally liquid hydrocarbon stream in a plural stage absorption zone at an elevated pressure.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic reforming of a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock, preferably to produce high quality gasoline boiling range products, is disclosed. Relatively impure hydrogen is separated from the reforming zone effluent, compressed, and recontacted with at least a portion of the liquid reformate product to provide relatively pure hydrogen, a portion of which is recycled to the reforming zone. The balance is further compressed and recontacted with at least a portion of the liquid reformate product to provide an improved recovery of normally gaseous hydrocarbons as well as an improved recovery of purified hydrogen at a pressure suitable for use in the relatively high pressure hydrotreating of sulfur-containing feedstocks.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic reforming of a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock, preferably to produce high quality gasoline boiling range products, is disclosed. Relatively impure hydrogen is separated from the reforming zone effluent, compressed, and recontacted with at least a portion of the liquid reformate product to provide relatively pure hydrogen, a portion of which is recycled to the reforming zone. The balance is further compressed and recontacted with at least a portion of the liquid reformate product in a plural stage absorption zone to provide an improved recovery of normally gaseous hydrocarbons as well as an improved recovery of purified hydrogen at a pressure suitable, for example, the relatively high pressure hydrotreating of sulfur-containing feedstocks.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for hydrotreating hydrocarbon feedstocks and for recovering from the resulting effluent stream selected hydrocarbon fractions, and hydrogen for recycle and other uses with improved purity. Relatively pure hydrogen is provided by separating the effluent stream into a hydrogen-containing gaseous stream and a liquid phase hydrocarbon product, and then contacting the gaseous hydrogen-containing stream in a first absorption step with the liquid phase hydrocarbon product obtained in the gas-liquid separation step, and in a second extraction step with a stabilized portion of the liquid phase hydrocarbon product.

Abstract: Cracking gases are cooled by spraying them through a multiplicity of orifices into a cooling oil bath below the surface thereof.