Abstract: A process for reducing the pour point of sulfur containing gas oil fractions to produce fractions, including diesel oil of reduced pour point involving sequential hydrotreating and dewaxing of the gas oil feedstock. The hydrotreating step is carried out over a conventional hydrodesulfurization catalyst to remove sulfur. The dewaxing step is carried out over silicalite at mild dewaxing conditions under which the C.sub.3 and lower gas make is no greater than 2 wt. % based upon the gas oil feed.

Abstract: A process for preparing a new zeolite, designated ZSM-22, is disclosed and claimed. The process comprises preparing a reaction mixture comprised of sources of an alkali or alkaline earth metal, alumina, silica, alkane diamine and water, and having the following composition, in terms of mole ratios of oxides:______________________________________ SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 = 20 to .infin. H.sub.2 O/SiO.sub.2 = 10 to 100 OH.sup.- /SiO.sub.2 = 0 to 0.3 M.sup.+ /SiO.sub.2 = 0 to 2.0 RN/SiO.sub.2 = 0.01 to 2.0 ______________________________________wherein RN is a C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 alkane diamine of the formula H.sub.2 N--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --NH.sub.2, wherein n=2 to 10, and M is an alkali or alkaline earth metal, e.g., Na, K, Cs, Li, Ca or Sr, and maintaining the reaction mixture at crystallization conditions until crystals of the ZSM-22 zeolite are formed.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic cracking of heavy petroleum fractions into lower hydrocarbons, such as fuel products. The process comprises contacting the petroleum fractions at an elevated temperature with a cracking catalyst comprising (a) a layered metal oxide of the titanometallate type intercalated with an interspathic polymeric chalcogenide, e.g., polymeric silica and, optionally (b) a porous crystalline silicate component such as a large pore zeolite material.

Abstract: Catalytic compositions which comprise alumina bound spinel and/or spinel-mullite mixtures having an alkali metal content of below about 0.50 weight percent, preferably below about 0.10. The compositions are obtained by calcining and caustic leaching preformed particulate composites of clay and alumina sol, preferably chlorhydrol. The catalysts are particularly useful for the catalytic cracking of heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks to obtain gasoline and light cycle oil. When used for cracking feedstocks high in vanadium content these compositions may contain added alkaline earth oxide in order to passivate the vanadium.

Abstract: The pour point and/or cloud point of the lube fractions comprising a waxy hydrocarbon feedstock containing straight and branched chain paraffins is reduced by contacting the feedstock in a dewaxing zone, preferably in the presence of added hydrogen, with a dewaxing catalyst comprising (1) an intermediate pore crystalline molecular sieve having a pore size between about 5.0 Angstroms and about 7.0 Angstroms and (2) a large pore crystalline molecular sieve having a pore size above about 7.0 Angstroms and typically selected from the group consisting of silicoaluminophosphates, ferrosilicates, aluminophosphates and Y zeolites. A hydrocarbon fraction of reduced paraffin content is recovered from the effluent of the dewaxing zone. Preferred intermediate pore crystalline molecular sieves are silicalite and a ZSM-5 type zeolite. Preferred large power crystalline molecular sieves are silicoaluminophosphates such as SAPO-5 and ammonium exchanged and steamed Y zeolites.

Abstract: A continuous fluidized process for upgrading a heavy liquid hydrocarbon charge-stock containing solid or solid-forming contaminants, e.g., inorganic solids, metals and asphaltenes. The charge is atomized to provide a stream of liquid particles introduced horizontally into a horizontal contacting zone to contact a vertical curtain of fluidized hot solid particles so as to vaporize hydrocarbons in the charge without substantial cracking, the solid particles being solely derived from the contaminants in the charge. The mixture of hydrocarbon vapors and solid particles are rapidly separated, carbon is burned from the separated particles, and the resulting hot solid particles are recycled to the contacting zone. The hydrocarbon vapors are condensed and there is recovered a liquid product having a substantially reduced content of contaminants.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for eliminating waxy paraffins from hydrocarbon feedstocks having an initial boiling temperature above about 180.degree. C. and containing sulphur, by selective cracking of the straight chain paraffinic hydrocarbons, said process comprising passing said feedstock over a crystalline silica polymorph of the silicalite type under suitable operating conditions for cracking the straight chain paraffins.

Abstract: Catalysts which comprise or contain caustic leached spinel/mullite are found to possess a particularly high activity and stability for the catalytic conversion of hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A process is provided for converting feedstock comprising hydrocarbon compounds to product comprising hydrocarbon compounds of lower molecular weight than feedstock hydrocarbon compounds over a catalyst comprising a siliceous zeolite prepared by the method comprising providing zeolite Beta containing boron and aluminum, treating the zeolite with silicon tetrachloride at a temperature and for a time sufficient to replace boron with silicon, and recovering the siliceous zeolite having reduced boron content but substantially preserved initial aluminum content. In particular embodiments, the conversion is selective cracking for waxes and the process is useful for reducing the pour point of fuel oils and lubricants.

Abstract: Catalytic cracking catalyst compositions having a high degree of activity and selectivity for the production of high octane gasoline fractions which comprise stabilized crystalline molecular sieve SAPO-37 dispersed in an inorganic oxide matrix. The crystalline structure and activity of the SAPO-37 molecular sieve component is preserved by including a stabilizing amount of the organic template compound used in the manufacture of the molecular sieve within the pore structure thereof until such time as the catalyst is thermally activated during use.

Abstract: A process is provided for converting feedstock comprising hydrocarbon compounds to product comprising hydrocarbon compounds of lower molecular weight than feedstock hydrocarbon compounds over a catalyst comprising porous crystalline material having the structure of ZSM-58. In particular embodiments, the conversion is selective cracking for waxes and the process is useful for reducing the pour point of fuel oils and lubricants.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons containing vanadium are converted to lower boiling fractions employing a zeolitic cracking catalyst containing a significant concentration of a calcium-containing additive as a vanadium passivating agent.

Abstract: A process is provided for converting feedstock comprising hydrocarbon compounds to product comprising hydrocarbon compounds of lower molecular weight than feedstock hydrocarbon compounds over a catalyst composition comprising a crystalline layered silicate material.

Abstract: Catalytically active amorphous silicas are prepared by dehydrating a silica hydrogel or precipitate prepared from an acidified aqueous silicate solution containing an amine of pK.sub.a above 10 or a cation containing either a nitrogen or phosphorus silica is catalytically active for, among other chemical reactions, the isomerization of ortho-xylene and the cracking of hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A process for cracking a feed comprising at least one alkane involving contacting said feed with H.sub.2 S and a high surface area contact material under cracking conditions.

Abstract: A new porous silico-crystal, designated as ZSM-48, a method of making same and the use thereof in catalytic conversion of organic compounds. The new product has a composition, expressed in terms of moles of anhydrous oxides per 100 moles of silica as follows:(0.05 to 5) N.sub.2 O:(0.1 to 10)M.sub.2 /.sub.n O:(0 to 4) Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 :(100) SiO.sub.2wherein M is at least one cation having a valence n, N is a mixture of C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 alkylamine and more preferably of C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 tetramethyl ammonium compound, and wherein the zeolite is characterized by the distinctive x-ray powder diffraction pattern shown in Table I.

Abstract: A process for selectively converting adsorbable hydrocarbon feeds containing straight-chain and slightly branched-chain hydrocarbons to olefins by contacting the feeds with crystalline silicates.

Abstract: A process for converting a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock in which a catalytically hydroprocessed or a catalytically reformed feedstock is contacted under cracking conditions with an essentially alumina-free intermediate pore size zeolitic catalyst and immediately thereafter with a second essentially alumina-free intermediate pore size zeolitic catalyst under cracking conditions less severe than the first contacting conditions. The less severe conditions in the second contacting stage are preferably obtained by employing a lower temperature, although use of a less active catalyst to attain this end is a possibility. A crystalline chromia silicate having a mole ratio of oxides SiO.sub.2 :Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 of greater than about 20 to 1 and an intermediate pore size crystalline silicate of the ZSM-5 type having a mole ratio of oxides SiO.sub.2 :Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 of greater than about 200 are the preferred catalysts.

Abstract: A new porous zeolite, a method of making same and the use thereof in catalytic conversion of organic compounds. The new product has a composition, expressed in terms of moles of anhydrous oxides per 100 moles of silica as follows:(0-2.5)M.sub.2/n O:(0- 2.5)Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 :(100)SiO.sub.2wherein M is at least one cation having a valence n and wherein the zeolite is characterized by the distinctive X-ray powder diffraction pattern as shown in Table 1 herein. The new zeolite is prepared from a reaction mixture comprising a source of silica, a source of organic compounds of Group VB, alkali metal cations, water and with or without a source of alumina.

Abstract: A passivation process for decreasing the poisonous effects from contamination by metals, such as vanadium, iron, nickel or copper that can occur during a catalytic conversion of a hydrocarbon feedstock containing such metals is disclosed. The process employs compositions of organic or aqueous media containing one or more, at least partially soluble species of silicon, alone or in combination with phosphorus and/or aluminum-containing materials or species.

Abstract: Reduction of CO and SO.sub.x emissions from regenerators associated with cyclical fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) units used to convert hydrocarbon feedstocks into more valuable products is achieved by introducing particles of bastnaesite into the FCC unit. The bastnaesite particles recycle with the catalyst particles successively through a catalytic cracking reaction zone, a stripping zone, and a regeneration zone. The bastnaesite particles react with SO.sub.x produced in the regeneration zone of the FCC unit, thereby lowering the SO.sub.x content of the flue gas discharged therefrom. In the catalytic cracking and stripping zones of the FCC unit, the bastnaesite particles are at least partially reactivated so that upon returning to the regeneration zone yet more SO.sub.2 is removed. The bastnaesite particles also aid in lowering CO emissions from the FCC regenerator by catalyzing the reaction between CO and oxygen to yield CO.sub.2.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon conversion in the presence of a low-sodium form crystalline silicate converts normal and slightly branched paraffins, at least in part, to olefins.

Abstract: A process for selectively converting adsorbable hydrocarbon feeds containing straight-chain and slightly branched-chain hydrocarbons to olefins by contacting the feeds with crystalline silicates.

Abstract: A process is described for the catalytic cracking of a hydrocarbon feedstream involving the use of an acid catalyst comprising a catalytic component selected from the group consisting of oxides of tungsten, niobium and mixtures thereof and tungsten or niobium oxides in combination with one or more additional metal oxides selected from the group consisting of tantalum oxide, hafnium oxide, chromium oxide, titanium oxide and zirconium oxide on supports, wherein (1) the feedstream is catalytically cracked by being contacted with said catalyst at a temperature and for a time (optionally, in combination with H.sub.2 O), sufficient to crack the hydrocarbon yielding a cracked product and a deactivated catalyst and (2) subjecting the deactivated catalyst to gasification conditions consisting of (A) partial oxidative combustion to produce a low BTU gas rich in CO or, (B) the addition of steam to produce a gas rich in H.sub.2, or both, with the recirculation of the decoked catalyst back to the first step.

Abstract: The amount of NO.sub.x formed during regeneration of a cracking catalyst in the presence of a metallic carbon monoxide combustion catalyst is decreased without substantially adversely affecting the carbon monoxide combustion activity of the promoter by subjecting the combustion-promoting catalyst to steam treatment prior to employing it in the cracking catalyst regeneration operation.

Abstract: The conversion of alcohols and ethers to gasoline boiling constituents with HZSM-5 catalyst in a fluid catalyst system is arranged for reactant plug flow wherein the reaction temperature is controlled by the heat of vaporization of liquid reactant charged to the reactor. Vaporization of the reactant with recycled catalyst in acceptable ratios restricts reaction temperatures to within acceptable limits.

Abstract: A method for effecting chemical reactions of aliphatic hetero compounds comprising alcohols, halides mercaptans, sulfides, amines, ethers and carbonyl compounds with crystalline zeolite catalysts of the ZSM-5 type in a fluid catalyst operation is described.

Abstract: The conversion of methanol to gasoline boiling hydrocarbons in a thermally balanced operation with a special group of zeolite catalysts having a constraint index of 1 to 12, a silica to alumina ratio of at least about 12 and a crystal density of not substantially lower than about 1.6 grams per cubic centimeter is described. The steady state operation of the process is improved by feeding methanol preheated to a selected temperature proximate to its boiling point so that the heat required thereafter to vaporize the feed and to raise its temperature to conversion temperature is substantially equal to the exothermicity of the conversion itself.

Abstract: A combination process is provided for residua demetalation and desulfurization and resulting coke gasification which comprises contacting said residua with a porous refractory oxide in the absence of added hydrogen, at a temperature of from greater than 700.degree.F to about 1100.degree.F and a refractory oxide to oil weight ratio of from about 0.1 to about 5 to produce upgraded residua of cracking feed quality, and contacting said refractory oxide after an amount of coke has formed thereon with steam and a free oxygen containing gas in which the mole ratio of steam to oxygen is from about 3 to about 5, at a temperature of from about 1000.degree.F to about 1500.degree.F to produce producer gas and regenerated porous refractory oxide for further contacting with residua.

Abstract: Catalysts of wide utility, e.g., for hydrocarbon conversion, are prepared by calcining at 500.degree.C. to 800.degree.C. a septechlorite precursor prepared by hydrothermal synthesis, and which may be characterized as a charge-balanced 1:1 trioctahedral phyllosilicate in which the divalent metal ions may be nickel, magnesium, cobalt, iron, copper, manganese, zinc, or mixtures thereof, and the trivalent metal ions may be aluminum, chromium, iron, or mixtures thereof, in relative proportions as set forth in the specification and claims.