Abstract: A process for catalytic hydrodewaxing of a wax-containing feed wherein the feed is subjected to hydrodewaxing conditions in a first reaction zone containing a wax-cracking catalyst, the effluent from the first reaction zone is charged to a second reaction zone containing a hydrotreating catalyst that produces an exothermic reaction and the effluent from the second reaction zone is charged to a third reaction zone containing a wax-cracking catalyst, the exothermic reaction in the second reaction zone effecting heating of the effluent, which is charged to the third reaction zone.

Abstract: A dewaxing process for lowering the haze point of a bright stock which includes contacting a bright stock in the presence of added hydrogen gas with a Zeolite EU-1 catalyst in combination with a ZSM-48 and/or SSZ-32 catalyst.

Abstract: A thermodynamic model is formed which allows determination of the temperature at which waxes or paraffins appear in petroleum fluids, and notably in crudes, as well as the solid fraction that precipitates when the temperature of the petroleum fluid falls below this critical value. A differentiation is established between n-paraffins, iso-paraffins, naphthenes and aromatics. The model utilizes an analytical representation of the fluids by pseudo-components, the physico-chemical parameters of most of them being determined by combination of the corresponding parameters of a certain number of pure hydrocarbons gathered in a database. The model takes account of the non-ideality of the solid, liquid, and gas phases. Two of the pseudo-constituents including the heaviest fractions are represented by two ficticious molecules, each being defined by a molar distribution among various groups which constitute them, and a group contribution method is used to calculate the thermodynamic properties thereof.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for improving the pour point of a feed comprising paraffins containing more than 10 carbon atoms, in which process the feed to be treated is brought into contact with a catalyst comprising an NU-87 zeolite comprising silicon and at least one clement T selected from the group formed by Al, Fe, Ga and B, from which at least a portion of clement T has been removed, and having a global Si/T ratio of over 20, the catalyst also containing at least one hydro-dehydrogenating element. The process is carried out at a temperature which is in the range 170.degree. C. to 500.degree. C., a pressure in the range 1 to 250 bar and at an hourly space velocity in the range 0.05 to 100 h.sup.-1, in the presence of hydrogen in a proportion of 50 to 2000 l/l of feed. The oils obtained have good pour points and high viscosity indices (VI). The process is also applicable to gas oils and other feeds requiring a reduction of pour point. The catalyst is also claimed.

Abstract: A process for dewaxing waxy hydrocarbonaceous materials, such as hydrocarbon fuel and lubricating oil fractions to reduce their cloud and pour points comprises reacting the material with hydrogen in the presence of a dewaxing catalyst comprising at least one metal catalytic component and ferrierite in which at least a portion of its cation exchange positions are occupied by one or more trivalent rare earth metal cations. The rare earth ion exchanged ferrierite catalyst has good selectivity for lubricating oil production, particularly when dewaxing a Fischer-Tropsch wax hydroisomerate. Preferably at least 10% and more preferably at least 15% of the ferreirite cation exchange capacity is occupied by one or more trivalent rare earth metal cations.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for improving the pour point of a feedstock that comprises paraffins of more than 10 carbon atoms, in which the feedstock that is to be treated is brought into contact with a catalyst that comprises the IM-5 zeolite and at least one hydro-dehydrogenating element, at a temperature of between 170 and 500.degree. C., a pressure of between 1 and 250 bar, and an hourly volume velocity of between 0.05 and 100 h.sup.-1, in the presence of hydrogen at a ratio of 50 to 2000 l/l of feedstock. The oils that are obtained have good pour points and high viscosity indices (VI). The process can also be applied to gas-oils and other feedstocks whose pour points need to be lowered.

Abstract: It has been discovered that waxy feeds can be upgraded using a catalyst made by combining powdered dewaxing catalyst with powdered isomerization catalyst said mixture of powdered catalysts being formed into a discrete particle.

Abstract: This invention discloses a process for producing a high Viscosity Index lubricant having a VI of at least 125 from a waxy hydrocarbon feed having a wax content of at least 40 wt %. The process comprises catalytically dewaxing waxy paraffins present in the feed by isomerization in the presence of hydrogen and in the presence of a low acidity large pore zeolite isomerization catalyst. This catalyst has a ratio of SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, as synthesized, of at least 50:1, and an alpha value of not greater than 20, wherein the catalyst is prepared in the absence of boron. The catalyst further comprises a noble metal hydrogenation component. The feed may be hydrocracked prior to dewaxing with the large pore zeolite. The feed may be solvent dewaxed prior to isomerization. The effluent of the isomerization step may also be further dewaxed by either solvent or catalytic means in order to achieve target pour point.

Abstract: Disclosed is an active catalyst in the hydroisomerization of waxes (paraffins), which catalyst is constituted by a carrier of acidic nature, of silica-alumina gel, and one or more metals belonging to Group VIIIA. Also a process for preparing said catalyst is disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new crystalline zeolite SSZ-43 prepared using a substituted piperidinium or decahydroquinolinium cation templating agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new crystalline zeolite SSZ-39 prepared using a cyclic or polycyclic quaternary ammonium cation templating agent.

Abstract: A process for catalytically dehazing lubricating base oils is disclosed, which comprises contacting the lubricating base oil in the presence of hydrogen with a catalyst comprising naturally occurring and/or synthetic ferrierite which ferrierite has been modified to reduce the mole percentage of alumina and a low acidity refractory oxide binder material which is essentially free of alumina.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for improving the pour point of a feed comprising paraffins containing more than 10 carbon atoms, in which process the feed to be treated is brought into contact with a catalyst comprising NU-86 zeolite, preferably dealuminated, and at least one hydro-dehydrogenating element, at a temperature which is in the range 170.degree. C. to 500.degree. C., a pressure in the range 1 to 250 bar and an hourly space velocity in the range 0.05 to 100 h.sup.-1, in the presence of hydrogen in a proportion of 50 to 2000 l/l of feed. The product from heavy feeds is fractionated to produce at least one cut including at least one middle distillate with a reduced pour point, and a residue including oil bases with a reduced pour point and a high viscosity index.

Abstract: A process for treating a hydrocarbon oil feed to reduce total acid number (TAN) and increase API gravity employs a catalyst which includes one or more metals of non-noble Group VIII of the periodic table (e.g., iron, cobalt and nickel), and at least one metal selected from Group VIB (e.g., chromium, tungsten and molybdenum) on a phosphorus treated carbon support, the phosphorus treated carbon support being comprised of phosphorus bound to the carbon surface predominantly as polyphosphate species characterized by peaks between -5 and -30 ppm in the solid-state magic angle spinning .sup.31 P nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum. The process includes blending the catalyst with the hydrocarbon oil feed to form a slurry which is then treated with hydrogen at moderate temperature and pressure in, for example, a tubular reactor. Deposit formation is minimized or avoided.

Abstract: A process for upgrading a wax-containing feedstock to produce a wax and a high VI/low volatility lubricating oil basestock. The process comprises subjecting the raffinate from a solvent extraction step to a two step, single stage hydroconversion process wherein the first step involves severe hydroconversion of the raffinate followed by a cold hydrofinishing step.

Abstract: This invention is directed to an improved process scheme to process sour feed in the reaction section of the process unit, including isomerization dewaxing with zeolite beta. The instant invention employs countercurrent flow in the fixed bed of the MIDW(Mobil Isomerization Dewaxing) reactor (the reactor in which isomerization dewaxing occurs) with recycle gas being the gas stream in the MIDW bed. With this arrangement hydrodesulfurization(HDS) and MIDW occur in an integrated process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a continuous in-situ process for reducing the viscosity, corrosivity and density of heavy oils comprising the steps of (a) contacting a heavy oil with an anhydrous alkaline earth, Group IIA metal hydroxide and low pressure hydrogen at a temperature of about 380.degree. C. to about 450.degree. C. for a time sufficient to form the corresponding alkaline earth metal sulfide, recovering the reduced sulfur feed and regenerating the alkaline metal hydroxide for recycle to treat additional feed. Beneficially, the process removes heteroatoms (sulfur and nitrogen).

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of wax for food applications, which wax has a congealing point of more than 65.degree. C. and a Saybolt color of more than +25, which wax is obtainable by subjecting a wax prepared in a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process to a hydrogenation treatment to prepare a hydrogenated wax containing less than 1.5% by weight of oxygenates, fractionating the hydrogenated wax to obtain a hydrogenated wax fraction having a desired congealing point, and subjecting the hydrogenated wax fraction to a hydrofinishing treatment. The present invention further relates a process for the preparation of a wax which comprises subjecting a wax prepared in a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process to a hydrogenation treatment to prepare a hydrogenated wax containing less than 1.5% by weight of oxygenates, fractionating the hydrogenated wax to obtain a hydrogenated wax fraction having a desired congealing point, and subjecting the hydrogenated wax fraction to a hydrofinishing treatment.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for controlling a process for producing a distillate fuel heavier than gasoline. The process includes several different fractions, streams, including alcohols, olefins, and acids. At least one of the streams is irradiated with IR radiation, allowing the determination of the concentrations of at least one of alcohols, olefins and acids. The temperature of the separator is then adjusted to change the concentrations to pre-determined values.

Abstract: A process for converting a Fischer-Tropsch light oil stream to jet fuel by reacting said stream with a hydroisomerization catalyst in a reaction zone where the stream flows countercurrent to upflowing hydrogen-containing treat gas.

Abstract: This invention discloses a process for producing a high Viscosity Index lubricant having a VI of at least 125 from a waxy hydrocarbon feed having a wax content of at least 40 wt %. The process comprises catalytically dewaxing waxy paraffins present in the feed by isomerization in the presence of hydrogen and in the presence of a low acidity large pore zeolite isomerization catalyst. This catalyst has a ratio of SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, as synthesized, of at least 50:1, wherein the catalyst is prepared in the absence of boron. The alpha value of the catalyst is no greater than 20. The catalyst comprises a noble metal hydroisomerization catalyst such as Pt. The feed may be hydrocracked prior to dewaxing with the large pore zeolite. The effluent of the process may also be further dewaxed by either solvent or catalytic means in order to achieve target pour point.

Abstract: A process for saturating aromatics in a lube range hydrocarbon is disclosed. The process can be used to raise the viscosity index of the lube range products. The process is carried out over a noble metal catalyst under mild process conditions. The catalyst is resistant to sulfur and nitrogen compounds.

Abstract: There is provided a zeolite catalyst, which is first selectivated with a siliceous material and then treated with an aqueous solution comprising alkaline earth metal ions under ion exchange conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new crystalline zeolite SSZ-42 prepared by processes for preparing crystalline molecular sieves, particularly large pore zeolites, using an organic templating agent selected from the group consisting of N-benzyl-1,4-diazabicyclo?2.2.2!octane cations and N-benzyl-1-azabicyclo?2.2.2!octane cations.

Abstract: An integrated process is provided for preparing a dewaxed heavy lube base oil product and a dewaxed light lube base oil product from a waxy feedstock. The process includes separating the waxy feedstock into two or more fractions. A light fraction is upgraded to increase its VI, and dewaxed in an isomerization process using a wax isomerization catalyst such as SAPO-11, SAPO-31 or SAPO-41. A heavy fraction is upgraded to increase its VI, and dewaxed in the presence of a wax cracking catalyst such as ZSM-5.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the hydroisomerisation treatment for feeds from the Fischer-Tropsch process. The catalyst is essentially constituted by 0.05% to 10% by weight of a precious metal and a silica (5-70%)/alumina support with a specific surface area of 100-500 m.sup.2 /g. The catalyst has an average pore diameter of 1-12 nm, the pore volume of pores with diameters between the average diameter .+-.3 nm being more than 40% of the total pore volume. The dispersion of the precious metal is 20-100% and the distribution coefficient for the precious metal is greater than 0.1. The process is operated at 200.degree.-450.degree. C. at a partial pressure of hydrogen of 2 to 25 MPa with a VVH of 0.1-10 h.sup.-1 and a hydrogen/feed volume ratio of 100-2000.

Abstract: A diesel engine fuel is produced from Fischer-Tropsch wax by separating a light density fraction, e.g., C.sub.5 -C.sub.15, preferably C.sub.7 -C.sub.14 cut having at least 80+ wt % n-paraffins, no more than 5000 ppm alcohols as oxygen, less than 10 wt % olefins, twice aromatics and very low sulfur and nitrogen.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the catalytic dewaxing of a hydrocarbon oil feed comprising waxy molecules, which process comprises:contacting a feed under catalytic dewaxing conditions with a catalyst composition comprising a molecular sieve containing crystallites covalently bound alumina moieties in its framework and having pores with a diameter in the range of from 0.35 to 0.80 nm and recovering a product having a reduced pour point, wherein the molecular sieve has been modified to reduce the mole percentage of alumina by coating the surface of the crystallites with a refractory inorganic oxide which is essentially free of alumina.

Abstract: A catalyst system for treating sulfur and nitrogen contaminated hydrocarbon feedstock includes a matrix, at least one support medium substantially uniformly distributed through said matrix and comprising a silica alumina molecular sieve material having a silica/alumina ratio of at least about 20, a first catalytically active metal phase supported on said support medium, said first catalytically active metal phase comprising a first metal and a second metal each selected from group VIII of the Periodic Table of Elements, said first metal being different from said second metal, a second catalytically active metal phase supported on said matrix, said second catalytically active metal phase comprising a third metal and a fourth metal each selected from group VIII of the Periodic Table of Elements and a fifth metal selected from group VIb of the Periodic Table of Elements, said third metal being different from said fourth metal.

Abstract: The wax-containing hydrocarbon feedstocks are pre-treated by contacting them with a homogeneous solution containing 1-5 vol. % of an acid diluted in an alcohol/water mixture (preferably containing 60-90 vol. % alcohol). The pre-treated feedstock is then contacted, in the presence of hydrogen, with at least two catalysts in sequence and with no intermediate separation, comprising at least one hydrodewaxing catalyst and one hydrocracking catalyst, to recover high-grade middle distillates.

Abstract: A catalytic hydrodewaxing process is described for producing liquid hydrocarbon lubricant base stock from liquid hydrocarbon feedstock in greater yield and viscosity index equivalent to solvent dewaxing methods. The process involves contacting a feedstream comprising hydrogen and the hydrocarbon feedstock with shape selective metallosilicate catalyst particles under hydrodewaxing conditions sufficient to produce a base stock having a predetermined viscosity index without regard to the base stock pour point temperature produced by the process. Pour point depressants are added to the base stock to lower the pour point temperature of the base stock to a predetermined temperature.

Abstract: It has been discovered that waxy feeds can be upgraded using a catalyst made by combining powdered dewaxing catalyst with powdered isomerization catalyst said mixture of powdered catalysts being formed into a discrete particle.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel copolymers of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid esters with polyoxyalkylene ethers of lower, unsaturated alcohols, their preparation, their use as flow-improving agents for paraffin-containing oils, and oils which contain such copolymers.The invention also relates to the use of known copolymers of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid esters with polyoxyalkylene ethers of allyl and/or methallyl alcohol as flow-improving agents for paraffin-containing oils.

Abstract: A crystalline low-aluminum boron beta zeolite is used for dewaxing hydrocarbonaceous feeds.

Abstract: Clean distillate useful as a diesel fuel or diesel blending stock is produced from Fischer-Tropsch wax by separating wax into heavier and lighter fractions; further separating the lighter fraction and hydroisomerizing the heavier fraction and that portion of the light fraction below about 500.degree. F. The isomerized product is blended with the untreated portion of the lighter fraction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new crystalline zeolite SSZ-42 prepared by processes for preparing crystalline molecular sieves, particularly large pore zeolites, using an organic templating agent selected from the group consisting of N-benzyl-1,4-diazabicyclo?2.2.2!octane cations and N-benzyl-1-azabicyclo?2.2.2!octane cations.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new crystalline zeolite SSZ-44 prepared by processes for preparing crystalline molecular sieves, particularly large pore zeolites, using a N,N-diethyl-cis-2,6-dimethyl piperidinium cation templating agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new crystalline zeolite SSZ-41 which comprises oxides of (1) silicon or a mixture of silicon and germanium, and (2) zinc, said zinc being present in an amount from about 2 wt % to about 5 wt % of zinc metal based on the total weight of metals in said zeolite. Zeolite SSZ-41 may also optionally contain oxides of aluminum, iron, gallium or mixtures thereof. Zeolite SSZ-41 has the X-ray diffraction lines of Table I and has an argon adsorption capacity of at least about 0.06 cc/gm at 87.degree. K. Also disclosed are methods of making and using zeolite SSZ-41.

Abstract: A difunctional catalyst is disclosed which is constituted by:(a) silica particles partially coated with zirconia, acidified by means of the introduction of sulfate moieties,(b) one or more metal(s) from Group VIIIA.The preparation of said catalyst and its use in wax hydroisomerization are disclosed as well.

Abstract: There is provided a zeolite catalyst, which is first selectivated with a siliceous material and then treated with an aqueous solution comprising alkali metal ions under ion exchange conditions.

Abstract: A molecular sieve catalyst is composited with an inert binder derived from an organic silicon source and organic polymer. The catalyst is used in dewaxing of petroleum chargestocks.

Abstract: Raffinate is catalytically hydrodewaxed to lube basestock in a mixture containing between 0.01 and 1 weight percent of pour point depressants comprising the copolymer residue of a mixture of 1-alkene comonomers selected from the group consisting of C.sub.3 -C.sub.28 1-alkenes. The mixture is contacted with hydrogen and shape selective metallosilicate catalyst particles under mild hydrodewaxing conditions to produce an increased yield of lube basestock having a pour point below -25.degree. F. and viscosity index greater than 100.

Abstract: A crystalline zeolite SSZ-25 is prepared using an adamantane quaternary ammonium ion as a template.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an improved isomerization process employing a catalyst wherein the catalyst comprises a pair of catalyst particles of different acidity utilized either as distinct beds of such discrete particles or as a mixture of such discrete particles. The isomerization process utilizing such a catalyst produces a product which exhibits higher VI as compared to products produced using either catalyst component separately or using a single catalyst having the average acidity of the two discrete catalysts.

Abstract: A process for the production of a high viscosity index, low viscosity lubricating base oil having a kinematic viscosity of 3.0 to 5.0 mm.sup.2 /s at 100.degree. C., a viscosity index of 120 or more and a pour point of -10.degree. C. or less, while simultaneously producing a high quality fuel oil, which includes using at least one of a heavy gas oil fraction and a light vacuum gas oil fraction as a stock oil that contains about 60% by volmme or more of distillate components within a distillation temperature range of from about 370 to about 480.degree. C. and about 50% by mass or more of saturated hydrocarbons, subjecting the stock oil to hydrocracking in the presence of an amorphous silica alumina catalyst, separating the cracked product into a fuel oil fraction and a lubricating oil fraction by atmospheric distillation, and subsequently subjecting the lubricating oil fraction to dewaxing, optionally applying at least one of solvent refining and hydrofinishing.

Abstract: A process for the production of a high viscosity index, low viscosity lubricating base oil having a kinematic viscosity of 3.0 to 7.5 mm.sup.2 /s at 100.degree. C., a viscosity index of 120 or more and a pour point of -10.degree. C. or less, while simultaneously producing a high quality fuel oil, which includes subjecting a mixture stock oil of (a) at least one of a heavy gas oil fraction and a vacuum gas oil fraction and (b) a slack wax to hydrocracking in the presence of an amorphous silica alumina catalyst, separating the cracked product into a fuel oil fraction and a lubricating oil fraction by atmospheric distillation, and subsequently subjecting the lubricating oil fraction to dewaxing, optionally applying at least one of solvent refining and hydrofinishing.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing an isoparaffin white oil by contacting a refinery stream, in the presence of hydrogen, with a catalyst comprising an intermediate pore size silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve and a hydrogenation component to form a dewaxed oil product. The dewaxed oil product is then contacted with a hydrogenation catalyst to produce a hydrogenated oil product which is then treated to remove aromatics to produce an isoparaffin white oil.

Abstract: The invention provides for a process for producing lube oil having excellent viscosity and viscosity index properties and a low pour point from a solvent refined gas oil. The process comprises contacting a raffinate having a solvent dewaxed viscosity index of at least 90 and boiling above 350.degree. F. with a catalyst comprising an intermediate pore size silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve and at least one Group VIII metal under dewaxing and isocracking conditions so as to produce a product having a viscosity index greater than about 110.

Abstract: A process for catalytic hydrodewaxing hydrocarbon feedstocks is disclosed. The catalyst comprises a surface-modified crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite, such as ZSM-5 type zeolite in a matrix or binder, such as alumina, having a specified metals content. The process is especially useful for dewaxing lubricating oil basestocks.

Abstract: Distillate fuels with excellent cold flow properties are produced from waxy Fischer-Tropsch products by separating the product into a heavier and a lighter fraction, isomerizing the heavier fraction, hydrotreating and isomerizing the lighter fraction, and recovering products in jet and diesel fuel ranges.