Abstract: According to some embodiments, a system for desalination of a liquid comprises at least one primary treatment process, at least one secondary treatment process, wherein the at least one secondary treatment process comprises at least one reactor, and at least one tertiary treatment process, wherein the at least one primary treatment process is configured to adjust a pH of the liquid to target pH level and to add at least one chemical additive to the liquid, wherein the at least one reactor is configured to heat the liquid to a temperature of at least 350° F. and to supply a pressure to the liquid to maintain the liquid in a liquid state, and wherein the dissolved salt of the liquid is configured to react with at least a portion of the at least one chemical additive to form an insoluble product within the at least one reactor.

Abstract: A chromatography analysis system includes a liquid delivery pump (2), an autosampler (4), a separation column (12), a column oven (6), a detector (8). The chromatography analysis system further comprising a shutdown execution part (22) configured to start shutdown to finally stop driving of the liquid delivery pump (2) and temperature control operation of the column oven (6) at a time when a predetermined situation occurs, by controlling operation of the liquid delivery pump (2) and the column oven (6), and a column protection temperature setter (24) configured to set a column protection temperature for preventing deterioration of the separation column (12) due to overheating.

Abstract: The present inventive concept relates to a water recycling device comprising: an outlet configured to output treated water; a drain for collecting used water output from said outlet; a return/evacuation path in liquid communication with said drain, wherein said return/evacuation path comprises an inlet for receiving water collected by said drain; a return path in liquid communication with said return/evacuation path; a treatment path in liquid communication with said return path and said outlet; an external water path in liquid communication with said treatment path, said external water path being connected to an external water outlet; a valve arrangement configured to accept as inputs used water from said return path and/or external water from said external water path, said valve arrangement being placed between said return path and said treatment path, said valve arrangement being configured to direct said inputs to said treatment path, said valve arrangement being configured to mix said external water

Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer program products are disclosed for controlling a fryer. In response to determining a filtration cycle is scheduled to occur after a current cooking cycle, a temperature set-point for a cooking medium is increased to pre-heat the cooking medium prior to the end of the cooking cycle. A heating element used to heat the cooking medium may be deactivated prior to entering the filtration cycle, and reactivated during the filtration cycle in response to the filtered cooking medium in the fry pot reaching a predetermined level. Activating the heating element during the filtration cycle may further heat the cooking medium prior to starting the next cooking cycle, thereby reducing the total time needed for filtration and reheating for a subsequent cooking cycle.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for treating of Cockayne Syndrome (CS). Specifically, the invention pertains to a method for the extracorporeal treatment of a body fluid by removing the body fluid from a living body diseased with CS, and applying a targeted antibody either a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) antigen or a death-associated protein 1 (DAP1) in a bodily fluid such as blood, creating an antibody-antigen complex, removing antibody-antigen complex from the bodily fluid, and returning the purified bodily fluid to the CS patient.

Abstract: The present subject matter relates to the development of active catalyst composite based on supported transition metal oxides, especially, Cu, Co that are effective in the removal sulfides in the diluted spent caustic. The process for the reduction of sulfides in spent caustic comprises of reacting various organic and inorganic sulfides with molecular oxygen in the presence of active catalyst at various reaction temperatures ranging ambient to 200° C. and pressures between atmospheric pressure to 60 bars. The process also relates to complete scheme for the removal of sulfides in spent caustic.

Abstract: To provide a blood purification apparatus in which the hot-water-disinfection time can be optimized with consideration for environmental conditions. A blood purification apparatus provided with a dialyzer for giving dialysis treatment to a patient, and with a tube for introducing dialysate into or discharging drain liquid from the dialyzer. The apparatus includes a thermistor that is capable of detecting an environmental condition at a time of a hot-water-disinfection process in which the tube is disinfected with hot water or a parameter regarding the environmental condition, and an estimating device that estimates a hot-water-disinfection time required for the hot-water disinfection of the tube in accordance with the environmental condition or the parameter regarding the environmental condition detected by thermistor.

Abstract: A system according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure includes a probe configured to collect a sample gas stream, a pressure reduction section, a heated sorbent trap section, and a control loop. The pressure reduction section has a critical orifice and a heater configured to heat the critical orifice. The heated sorbent trap section is configured to receive a first portion of the sample gas stream, and the control loop is configured to receive a second portion of the sample gas stream.

Abstract: A fluid decontamination apparatus is provided having a container body with a plurality of three-dimensional open structure (3DOS) substrates spaced about therein, wherein a contaminated fluid flowing through the container body will contact the 3DOS substrates. Nozzles can be inserted and secured within inlet apertures disposed about the container body, configured to inject the contaminated fluid with/without air to induce the occurrence of hydrodynamic cavitation. The substrates can be porous and permeable enabling the contaminated fluid to flow therethrough, wherein the fluid flow passageway through the pores extends the volume of contaminated fluid exposed to turbulent and cavitation inducing flow conditions. Moreover, the 3DOS substrates may be coated with one or more types of catalysts so as to initiate chemical reactions.

Abstract: Dialysis monitors capable of storing and using thermal energy and methods related thereto are disclosed. Dialysis monitors capable of storing and using disinfection and/or cleaning fluids which was used at an earlier disinfection and/or cleaning event and methods related thereto are also disclosed. Thermally stored energy may, for example, be used for quick thermal disinfection of the fluid path, quick start-up of the preparation of treatment fluid, and as back-up power for continuous preparation of treatment fluid should externally provided power be interrupted.

Abstract: A domestic pipe system for delivery of hot water includes hot water source (10) and a piping to a faucet (12). The piping comprises a splitter (14), two pipes (20, 22) and a controller (16), the controller having a housing, first and second inlets (24, 26), an outlet (28), and a thermally actuated valve. The first inlet is a permanently open inlet whereas the second inlet is opened depending on the temperature of water arriving at the controller. Stagnant water that cooled down only runs through the first pipe (20) until the temperature exceeds a preset threshold. Than the controller (16) opens the second inlet such that the stagnant cold water from the second pipe can be mixed gradually with the hot water from the first pipe. Thus, the user receives warm water earlier than if both pipes need to be emptied.

Abstract: A system for acquiring or measuring information relating to a state of dialysance, identifying a dialyzer apparatus, or identifying a membrane filter device during the operation of the dialyzer apparatus in a dialysis treatment of a patient. The dialyzer apparatus includes a housing having an internal volume portion and a membrane filter device arranged within the internal volume portion. The housing allows transmission of radiation. A sensor device connected to the housing of the dialyzer apparatus includes a signal receiving device designed to receive a radiation signal from the housing, the signal characteristic of the state or the identification of the dialyzer apparatus or of the membrane filter unit of the dialyzer apparatus.

Abstract: A method for separating at least one of components with different vapor pressures from a solution that includes the components by atomizing the solution. The method includes an atomization step, and a separation step. A solution L is atomized into mist in air whereby producing mist-mixed air in the atomization step. Droplets of the mist included in the mist-mixed air are classified according to their particle diameter sizes, and exhaust air that contains air as carrier gas is exhausted in the separation step. In the atomizing separation method, the heat energy of both of the latent heat and sensible heat that are included in the exhaust air exhausted in the separation step are collected, and one or both of the solution L to be atomized in the atomization step and air to be blown toward the solution L are heated by the collected heat.

Abstract: A method for sanitizing a beverage dispenser apparatus includes filling fluid in at least a hot beverage tank of a beverage dispensing apparatus, heating the fluid in the hot beverage tank to a predetermined temperature range, configuring the drain valve to a closed state, activating a primary sanitation cycle by causing the heated fluid from the hot beverage tank to flow through at least a first subset of components of the beverage dispenser apparatus and terminating the primary sanitation cycle when at least one predetermined condition is satisfied. A secondary sanitation cycle is activated by causing the heated fluid from the hot beverage tank to flow through at least a second subset of components of the beverage dispenser apparatus.

Abstract: Sterilization units and systems and related assemblies, devices, and methods are disclosed. The sterilization units may be mobile and used in a variety of locations. The sterilization units and systems use germicidal ultraviolet-C light to kill or render non-viable bacteria and viruses. The various sterilization units and systems disclosed herein may have improved ultraviolet light distribution and/or improved ability to direct and focus the ultraviolet light in a desired area. The sterilization units and systems may optionally be made of non-magnetic materials such that the sterilization units and systems may be used in the vicinity of MRI equipment without causing complications or damage to the MRI equipment.

Abstract: When a plurality of cyclones are used as a separation device of a water treatment device, there have been as many lower liquid containers as the number of cyclones, resulting in high cost. Provided is a centrifugal solid-liquid separation device including: a plurality of cyclones respectively having at least a liquid inlet, a liquid outlet, and a lower liquid port; and a lower liquid container communicating with the respective lower liquid ports of the plurality of cyclones via pipes, arranged below the plurality of cyclones, and having a drain hole in its bottom side. The lower liquid container includes a space forming portion above lower opening ends of the pipes. Also provided is a water treatment device using this centrifugal solid-liquid separation device.

Abstract: A dialysis bloodline set includes an arterial chamber with upper, lower and central portions, in which the maximum section area of the upper and central portions is less than that of the lower portion. The venous chamber may be completely filled with blood in use. The reduced volume of air within the bloodline provides, ceteris paribus, more rapid sensing of fault conditions during dialysis, while the smaller upper portion of the arterial chamber provides a useful medication point and makes manufacture easier.

Abstract: The invention concerns a bioreactor for production of virus and virus-like particles (VLPs), methods for production of virus and VLPs, methods for regulating the concentration of molecules inhibitory to viral and VLP yield in a cell culture chamber of a bioreactor, such as the extracapillary space of a hollow fiber bioreactor.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes an electrolytic bath and a control section. The electrolytic bath has first and second channels. A first fluid can flow through the first channel. A second fluid adapted to exchange heat with the first fluid can flow through the second channel. At least part of the first and second channels of the electrolytic bath is partitioned by anode and cathode plates to which a given potential is applied from a power source. The control section applies the given potential to the anode and cathode plates and performs polarity reversal adapted to reverse the polarity of the anode and cathode plates after having applied the given potential at given time intervals.

Abstract: A device for measuring the pollution index of a filtration membrane includes: a raw water supply part; a first filtration membrane; a raw water supply line; a first flow rate measuring part; a first path line; a second path line; a second filtration membrane having a filtration characteristic different from the first filtration membrane; a first path selection valve installed in the first path line in parallel with respect to the second filtration membrane so that a first measuring path from the raw water supply part to the first flow rate measuring part passes through the first filtration membrane and a second measuring path from the raw water supply part to the first flow rate measuring part successively passes through the first and second filtration membranes; and a pollution index measuring part measuring the pollution indexes of the first and second filtration membranes.

Abstract: An electromagnetic coil includes a conductor winding 12a formed by winding a conductor 12b a plurality of times about a predetermined axis, and a ceramic layer 12c formed through thermal spraying on an axial end surface of the conductor winding 12a, and having a flattened surface. A maximal value t12 of thickness of the ceramic layer 12c is set to three times or less a maximal value t11 of depth of the recesses formed at the surface of turns of the conductor 12b at the axial end surface.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides systems for data center cooling and water desalination. In some aspects, the systems include a data center having a water cooling subsystem configured to receive cool water and output warm water and a desalination plant co-located with the data center and configured to receive and desalinate the warm water. Aspects of the invention also include methods for cooling a data center using a water cooling subsystem and desalinating water with a desalination plant that is co-located with the data center.

Abstract: Membranes for membrane distillation include at least one hollow fiber porous hydrophobic membrane, the at least one membrane including carbon nanotubes incorporated into the pore structure of the membrane. Membrane distillation systems may include a heat exchanger operably connected to a hollow fiber membrane module with one or more membranes including carbon nanotubes. Methods of solvent removal, sample preconcentration and desalination employing hollow fiber porous hydrophobic membranes with carbon nanotubes are disclosed.

Abstract: A VMD system and method uses an aspirator to generate a vacuum pressure for drawing permeate from a membrane module. The aspirator generates the vacuum pressure by receiving and passing a circulating liquid and combines the permeate with the circulating liquid such that the permeate condensates in the circulating liquid. Using an aspirator (e.g., instead of a vacuum pump) allows a more efficient and cost-effective operation of the VMD system and method, particularly in a desalination application. A VMD system and method using an aspirator may be used in desalination and other applications including, without limitation, environmental cleanup (e.g., removal of volatile organic chemicals from water) and food and medical applications.

Abstract: An assembly for treating wastewater may include a vessel having an inlet configured to direct wastewater into the vessel and an outlet configured to direct treated water out of the vessel. The inlet and the outlet are generally disposed at opposite ends of the longitudinal dimension of the vessel such that the wastewater generally flows in the longitudinal direction. The assembly includes at least one panel removably inserted into the vessel. The at least one panel extends substantially across a width dimension of the vessel, wherein the width dimension is generally perpendicular to the longitudinal dimension. The panel includes a biofilm-coated matrix that permits the flow of wastewater through the panel. The vessel and panel are sized and arranged such that the wastewater is exposed to the biofilm-coated matrix for a time sufficient to remove a desired metal from the wastewater.

Abstract: An anaerobic digestion device includes a digester body configured to receive organic waste and a plurality of plates coupled to one another so as to divide an interior volume of the digester body into a plurality of compartmentalized chambers. The compartmentalized chambers are movable relative to the digester body to advance a slurry of said organic waste along a length of the digester body. A plurality of ports spaced along the digester body and arranged to vent biogas from the digester body. A storage vessel is configured to receive and store biogas received from the digester body via the ports, and a heating system configured to heat the digester body. The heating system is fuelled by the biogas vented from the digester body.

Abstract: A structure for an opening section closed by a net through which fluid flows. The opening section is provided in a vertical wall so as to rise to the vertical wall side from the corner formed between the vertical wall and a horizontal wall. A downward protruding rib is provided on the lower side of the opening section. The lower edge of the net is provided so as to be affixed to at least the rib.

Abstract: A method for transforming a selected polymeric material into a plurality of reaction products via supercritical water is disclosed. The method comprises: conveying the selected polymeric material through an extruder, wherein the extruder is configured to continuously convey the selected polymeric material to a supercritical fluid reaction zone; injecting hot compressed water into the supercritical fluid reaction zone, while the extruder is conveying the selected polymeric material into the supercritical fluid reaction zone so as to yield a mixture; retaining the mixture within the reaction zone for a period of time sufficient to yield the plurality of reaction products. The reaction zone may be characterized by a tubular reactor having an adjustably positionable inner tubular spear, wherein the tubular reactor and the inner tubular spear further define an annular space within the reaction zone, and wherein the mixture flows through the annular space and into a reaction products chamber.

Abstract: A device for extraction of at least one analyte contained in a liquid sample, including an extraction and desorption zone of the analyte with a stationary phase as the extraction zone, a liquid supply inlet to the extraction zone, a gas supply inlet to the extraction zone, an evacuation outlet from the extraction zone that will be connected to either a collection tank, or a device for analysis of the analytes, a valve configured to connect the extraction zone to one of the supply inlets, a valve configured to connect the extraction zone to one of the evacuation outlets, a mechanism heating the valve zone such that when the extraction zone is supplied with liquid, evacuation from the extraction zone takes place to the collection tank.

Abstract: The present invention provides an aeration lateral system designed to be site specific for new septic disposal areas or retro fitting to existing septic disposal areas to break up the biological clogging sludge mat at the interface of the wastewater and imported sand or native soil fill under or adjacent to disposal areas of a typical septic system. The lateral system provides uniform or other site specific distribution of fluids about the bio-mat of a wastewater disposal area, with lateral spacing and hole spacing varying based on the type of disposal area being utilized. The lateral system can also be utilized to provide continuous low volume air supply system to a wastewater disposal area or peat filter module. The air lateral installation includes methods to minimize airflow disturbance of the soil and methods to prevent air leakage.

Abstract: A gas flotation separator for use in horizontal tanks, such as those used for oil storage on board Floating Production Storage and Off-loading (FPSO) vessels, includes dividing the tank into a plurality of chambers operating in series. Prior to entering each chamber, the contaminated aqueous phase is mixed with a stream containing gas bubbles to aid in flocculation and flotation of the immiscible phase contaminant. The gas bubble recycle stream can be generated by injecting a controlled rate of a pressurized gas into a liquid stream of the clean produced water in a process external to the tank or by induction of a gas phase internal to the tank. The mixture flows into the first chamber and impinges on an angled inlet water weir. A portion of the immiscible phase and the gas phase rises to the top of the chamber while the remaining immiscible contaminants flow downward with the aqueous phase to the bottom of the chamber.

Abstract: A method for removal and condensation of vapors from within an enclosed space (120) is disclosed. An enclosed space (120) containing material (110) is surrounded by an insulative permeable layer (130) having a lowering temperature gradient (230) between the inner surface (220) and the outer surfaces (240). The insulative layer (130) may also be covered by an impermeable layer (140). Heating the material (110) in the enclosed space (120) causes the formation of vapors at a positive pressure within the enclosed space (120). Vapors pass through the inner surface (220) of the insulative permeable layer (130) and contact the permeable materials and are condensed by the lowering temperature within the insulative layer (130). The condensate liquid passes downwardly through the insulative layer (130) for collection.

Abstract: A water recovery process for a steam assisted gravity drainage system for a heavy oil recovery facility, the process comprising a flash drum and a flash drum heat exchanger/condenser, wherein the water recovery process receives hot water produced by a facility at a temperature above the water atmospheric boiling point and cools it to a temperature below the water atmospheric boiling point before transferring it to the remaining section of the water recovery process.

Abstract: A method for cleaning waste water is provided whereby the waste water is led through a throughput tank having filler materials to which aerobic microorganisms are adhered and wherein the throughput tank is ventilated with an oxygen-containing gas. As filler materials, materials are used which have a specific weight approximately equal to the specific weight of the waste water whereby the filler materials are suspended in the waste water. The inflow of the waste water into the throughput tank and the ventilation of the throughput tank is affected from bottom of the throughput tank and in such a gas amount that the waste water and the filler bodies suspended therein are mixed and the microorganisms on the filler bodies are supplied with sufficient oxygen. The device has a throughput tank with a tank bottom, a tank wall, wherein the inflow connecting pipe and the ventilation arrangement are arranged on the tank bottom and the outflow connecting pipe is arranged at the upper area of the throughput tank.

Abstract: Systems, apparatus, methods, and articles of manufacture provide for resuspending and/or collecting blood and/or other types of cells in solution. In one embodiment, cells may be recovered from used surgical sponges and/or other types of surgical articles.

Abstract: A method for assembling turbomachinery having combined particle separation device and flow regulating device is provided. The turbomachinery includes a casing; a compressor attached to an inside of the casing, the compressor having a shaft supported by bearings; and a cooling system mounted inside the casing and configured to cool the bearings of the compressor with a cooling fluid. The cooling system includes a particle separation device configured to separate particles from the cooling fluid, and a flow regulation device that fluidly communicates with the particle separation device without contacting the particle separation device. The flow regulation device is disposed adjacent to the particle separation device within a wall of the casing.

Abstract: A stream processing system, where the stream comprises a glycol based hydrate inhibitor and a kinetic hydrate inhibitor (KHI) is provided. The system comprises a thermal oxidation unit (31) and a processing unit comprising a stream inlet(9), a fluid inlet (11) and a mixture outlet (15) in fluid communication with the thermal oxidation unit.

Abstract: A tank or bed has a plurality of sidewalls that create a bed cavity and a Fresnel panel frame that includes at least one Fresnel panel. The Fresnel panel frame may be adjacent to the bed cavity and may cover at least a portion of the bed cavity. An amount of sludge may be contained within the bed cavity. When placed in sunlight, the heat enhanced by the Fresnel panels may heat the sludge sufficiently for the sludge to be used as fertilizer.

Abstract: Membranes for membrane distillation include at least one hollow fiber porous hydrophobic membrane, the at least one membrane including carbon nanotubes incorporated into the pore structure of the membrane. Membrane distillation systems may include a heat exchanger operably connected to a hollow fiber membrane module with one or more membranes including carbon nanotubes. Methods of solvent removal, sample preconcentration and desalination employing hollow fiber porous hydrophobic membranes with carbon nanotubes are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a filtration system for filtering a fluid containing solid particles. The filtration system comprising a deformable wall defining a chamber interior to the wall, and a tubular shaped membrane arranged in the chamber. Further, the system is arranged for periodically deforming the chamber wall inwardly and outwardly, respectively, for filtering a fluid that is present in the chamber, exterior to the membrane.

Abstract: Provided herein are systems and methods for biomass digestion and products formed thereof. The products include one or more biogases, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency classified Class A Biosolids, and pathogen reduced organic liquid fertilizer. Through the digestion of waste materials using sequential phases in an efficient digestion process, enhanced biomass conversion efficiency and improved output of products (in quantity and/or quality) are obtained with a significant reduction in dwell time in each phase.

Abstract: A spin-on adapter for a remote oil filter to provide additional cooling capability to the engine oil system includes a unitary piece main body having edges, a base attached the main body, a step between the main body and the base, a first orifice and a second orifice extending throughout the main body, the step, and the base, and plurality of cooling fins protruding from the edges of the main body. The plurality of fins are integrated to the unitary piece main body and the adapter is adapted to be secured to a vehicle engine.

Abstract: Certain embodiments described herein are directed to systems and methods that can be used to analyze species in a fluid stream. In some configurations, a sorbent tube effective to directly sample aromatics and/or polyaromatics in a fluid stream is described.

Abstract: A filter assembly includes a disposable filter body and a central support for the disposable filter body. Openings are provided in upper and lower ends of the disposable filter body for receiving a respective end of the central support. The filter assembly also includes a disposable filter cartridge, housed within the disposable filter body, and housing a filter member for filtering particulate contaminates from a flow of fluid through the filter assembly. The filter member is hollow and the disposable filter cartridge also includes an impermeable wall that extends axially through the filter member. The central support is separable from the disposable filter body and removable from the openings to allow disposal and replacement of the filter body and the filter cartridge during servicing.

Abstract: Systems and methods for separating mine tailings from water-absorbing polymers and regenerating the separated water-absorbing polymers. The systems and methods include a separation assembly that is configured to receive an augmented mine tailings slurry that includes mine tailings, water, and a swollen water-absorbing polymer. The separation assembly separates the swollen water-absorbing polymer from the augmented mine tailings slurry to produce a dewatered mine tailings slurry. The systems and methods further include a water-absorbing polymer regeneration unit that is configured to receive the swollen water-absorbing polymer. The water-absorbing polymer regeneration unit at least partially releases water from the swollen water-absorbing polymer to produce a regenerated water-absorbing polymer, and as a separate output or product, the released water.

Abstract: Utilizing mobile walls, a transportable (or stationary) low cost, low carbon footprint process and apparatus with a granular filter media dry cell (for filter or bed) for dewatering particulate solids from liquid. The mobile wall structures can be made of a rigid structure constructed of new or preferred salvaged materials, assembled, with watertight joints, used, disassembled and stored for redeployment. The walls are set in a keyway utilizing whatever soil composition is available. The walls can be used in the previous Deskins filters as old wall replacement or new wall construction. The invention utilizes a generator that is not dependent upon site or local electricity thus can be operated in any location. All parts can be engineered, fabricated according to the design of the Quick-Dry Filter Dewatering Mobile Process and Apparatus, packed in shipping containers and be readily available for any immediate need.

Abstract: The present invention provides a zero-emission dialysis clinic including a building envelope, daylight concept, lighting concept, mechanical ventilation (71), a chilled and heated ceiling (61) with capillary tubes (60), heat pump (50), and a photovoltaic system (80). Specifically, the present invention balances the energy consumption with energy generation by a photovoltaic system. The CO2 emissions are thus balanced and the building produces no net emissions.

Abstract: Biosolids in the nature of sewage sludge are processed in a controlled environment to produce a dried sludge product of relatively high dry solid content with the elimination of or reduced levels of pathogens. The water containing sewage sludge is dried while cascading within a processing chamber using heated air at a temperature below the ignition or smoldering temperature of the sewage sludge to prevent the formation of embers. The sewage sludge before discharge is retained within the processing chamber for a sufficient time and temperature as mandated by the Environment Protection Agency rules and guidelines.

Abstract: A vessel for removing radionuclides from a liquid. The vessel comprises a shielded housing comprising an outer shell and an inner shell disposed within the outer shell. The housing defines an ion exchange chamber between the inner and outer shells. The vessel also comprises an inlet fluidly coupled with the ion exchange chamber, the inlet being configured for fluid communication with a source of the liquid, and an outlet fluidly coupled with the ion exchange chamber, the outlet being configured for fluid communication with a destination of the liquid. The vessel further comprises a first fluid passage extending between an exterior of the vessel and the inner shell and a second fluid passage extending between the exterior of the vessel and the inner shell.

Abstract: Systems and methods of capturing and sequestering carbon dioxide, comprising mixing a substantially non-aqueous solvent and an alkali such that the solvent and alkali form a solvent suspension, mixing water and a flue gas containing carbon dioxide with the solvent suspension such that a reaction occurs, the reaction resulting in the formation of a carbonate, water and heat.