Abstract: Filter media comprised of charge modified, resin coated inorganic microfibers are prepared by mixing inorganic microfibers with an aqueous solution of a water soluble, noncolloidal cationic thermosetting binder resin to form a dispersion, following which a precipitating agent is added to precipitate the binder resin and coat the microfibers. The coated microfibers may be used in the dispersed or suspended form as a filter aid. Preferably they are formed into a filter sheet which is then dried and cured to form a filter sheet of narrowly distributed pore size, pore sizes as small as one-half micron, and having a positive zeta potential in alkaline media. Glass is the preferred microfiber and polyamine-epichlorohydrins the preferred resins. By providing the normally negative zeta potential microfibers with a positive zeta potential the binder resins used to coat the microfibers substantially enhance particulate removal capabilities of the microfiber filter sheet.

Abstract: A composite is provided which has improved transverse structural integrity and flexibility and suitable for use in high temperature and high stress environments. The composite has randomly oriented high temperature resistant inorganic fibers interlocked together into a shape sustaining paper with a transverse thickness of from about 0.005 to 0.5 inch. A transverse strength providing high temperature resistant, flexible fabric, made of inorganic fibers is disposed upon at least one of the surfaces of said paper. An organic adhesive is disposed between the paper and the fabric and flexibly bonds the paper to the fabric to form a composite. The composite is sufficiently flexible that it may be folded or pleated without breaking and is capable of being used at high temperatures and at high transverse stresses without rupturing.

Abstract: A packed tube of generally parallel aligned fibers is described, wherein the fibers are packed therein at densities of 60 to 100 percent of the theoretical packing density based on the fiber diameters used based on the selected fiber pitch pattern and preferably at 70 to 100 percent of the theoretical. Glass fibers which can be porous and/or hollow are preferred.

Abstract: A filter element has a generally ring-like structure which basically comprises a plurality of generally radial sections circumferentially arranged to define a central space. Each radial section has a plurality of circumferentially zigzag pleats formed from a ribbon of a filtering sheet material. The radial sections are circumferentially connected such that radially inwardly open generally radial spaces and radially outwardly open generally radial spaces are defined. The radially inwardly open radial spaces are closed at the axially opposite ends by end walls. Fluid to be filtrated can enter the radially outwardly open radial spaces and then passes through the zigzag pleats into the radially inwardly open radial spaces and thus into the central space. The ring-like structure has many modifications.

Abstract: Filtration apparatus in which the filter medium is in the form of filter material assembled with a carrier web which is caused to traverse through a filter chamber in a zig zag path. The material and carrier web assembly spans between the side walls of the filter chamber and is advanced by turning rolls disposed at upper and lower levels. The carrier web for the filter material extends between flanges projecting from the side walls of the filter chamber and auxiliary support for the carrier web is provided by a foraminous shelf extending between the flanges between the turning rolls and imperforate shelf portions in advance of the first turning rolls and following the last turning roll. Support girders underlie the foraminous shelf to limit deflection of the filter medium. The filter medium is disposed so that its edges overlie the sealing flanges, thereby preventing flow of liquid medium around the edges of the filter medium.

Abstract: An air and water vapor permeable, toxic vapor absorptive non-woven fabric material comprising a web-laid sheet containing fibrillated acrylic fiber, and an activated carbon constituent selected from the group consisting of activated carbon fiber, activated carbon particles, and mixtures of activated carbon fiber and activated carbon particles.

Abstract: A multistage filter unit comprises a housing having a closed end and an other end closed except for liquid inlet means and liquid outlet means. Within the housing are first and second filter elements. The improvement is characterized by the second filter element being comprised of a porous disc retained in or adjacent the opening of the first filter element by a foraminous element. The porous disc is deformable in response to increase in differential pressure due to clogging of the porous disc to reduce the liquid flow path through the porous disc and relieve some of the differential pressure, without opening an unfiltered path for liquid.

Abstract: Organopolysiloxanes with Bunte salt groups having the formula ##EQU1## the Bunte salt groups being linked to a silicon atom by way of a carbon atom and in whichR.sup.1 is methyl with the proviso that up to 10% of the R.sup.1 groups may be alkyl with up to 18 carbon atoms or vinyl phenyl, hydrogen or hydroxyl,R.sup.2 is the ##STR1## group or the ##STR2## group, in which one of the R.sup.3, R.sup.4 groups represents an OH group and the other an --S.sub.2 O.sub.3 Me group (Me=alkali or the optionally substituted ammonium group), whereby the R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 radicals can be hydroxyl or together the oxygen of an oxirane ring in an amount up to 50% of the R.sup.2 group,a has any value from 1 to 2.33 andb has any value from 0.02 to 1.The compounds can be synthesized from the corresponding organopolysiloxanes having epoxy groups by reaction with alkali or ammonium thiosulfate and used for the surface treatment of inorganic or organic materials, for example, textiles, paper or rock wool.

Abstract: Filter media comprised of charge modified, resin coated inorganic microfibers are prepared by mixing inorganic microfibers with an aqueous solution of a water soluble, noncolloidal cationic thermosetting binder resin to form a dispersion, following which a precipitating agent is added to precipitate the binder resin and coat the microfibers. The coated microfibers may be used in the dispersed or suspended form as a filter aid. Preferably they are formed into a filter sheet which is then dried and cured to form a filter sheet of narrowly distributed pore size, pore sizes as small as one-half micron, and having a positive zeta potential in alkaline media. Glass is the preferred microfiber and polyamine-epichlorohydrins the preferred resins. By providing the normally negative zeta potential microfibers with a positive zeta potential the binder resins used to coat the microfibers substantially enhance particulate removal capabilities of the microfiber filter sheet.

Abstract: A composite tube of a heat-sealable non-woven material comprises an inner and an outer tube of non-woven, each of said tubes being provided with a longitudinal seal obtained by ultrasonic sealing, the outer and inner tube being fixed with respect to each other by adhesive spots. The inner side of the inner non-woven tube is coated with a membrane for membrane filtration.The seal formed by ultrasonic sealing in the outer tube does not extend to the inner side of the inner tube and preferably the seals in the outer and inner tube are staggered with respect to each other.The composite tube is formed by first forming the inner tube, applying spots of an adhesive upon the outer side of the inner tube, and subsequently applying the outer tube onto the inner tube. During the step of forming the longitudinal seal by ultrasonic sealing in the outer tube it is avoided that the seal as formed extends toward the inner side of the inner tube.

Abstract: A composition and process for permitting the separation of plasma or serum from whole blood. The composition includes glass fibers having an average diameter of from 0.2.mu. to 5.mu. and a density of 0.1 g/cm.sup.2 to 0.5 g/cm.sup.2. The process includes the steps of slowly trickling whole blood onto one side of a layer composed of the composition of glass fibers, whereby plasma or serum separated from the blood becomes available at another side of the layer. The total volume of the plasma or serum separated from the blood is limited to at most 50% of the absorption volume of the glass fiber layer.

Abstract: A filter element which is physically capable of withstanding adverse operating conditions in a subterranean environment. The filter element comprises a durable, yet fluid pervious casing through which a particulate carrying fluid is radially passed after leaving the substrate. An annular bed within the casing, is formed of a metallic fibrous mass which defines multitudinous flow passages that retain the solid particles, yet pass the residual fluid therethrough. A fluid pervious sheath surrounds the metallic mass to form an initial particle retention phase, to maintain the fibrous mass in its desired shape, and to function as a base for accumulating retained solids.

Abstract: Leukocytes are separated from a leukocyte-containing suspension by bringing the leukocyte-containing suspension into contact with a leukocyte-separating material, whereby a substantial part of the leukocytes are entrapped in the leukocyte-separating material, and then, collecting the entrapped leukocytes. The leukocyte-separating material used comprises a fibrous material having a surface layer composed of a substance which is capable of being dissolved in water by degrees. Lymphocytes can also be separated in a manner similar to that mentioned above, from a lymphocyte-containing suspension having reduced contents of granulocytes and monocytes.

Abstract: For forming a perforated pipe a method is employed which includes winding on a mandrel having multiple spaced protrusions thereon angularly related strips arranged between the protrusions. These strips cooperatively define openings through which the protrusions extend. The strips are formed of fibres which are impregnated with a settable resin or plastic which combine with the fibres to form a tube adequate to resist a pressure of about 600 p.s.i. Because the protrusions are employed the fibres can be so impregnated as to be resin-rich. The openings may be screened with resin-poor granules arranged in vaulted configuration. A further strip may be wound around the foregoing arrangement to hold the granules against the resulting pipe.

Abstract: An improved exhaust gas cleaning element comprising a ceramic honeycomb structure body having inner wall surfaces defining plural cells, each cell defining a passageway through which exhaust gas flows, characterized in that a multiplicity of arranged projections are provided over the entire wall surfaces of the cells in the structure body, the projections extending into the exhaust gas passageway, and the wall surfaces having a multiplicity of through-holes communicating with the adjoining cell.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of magnetic particulate matter coated with a protective layer of chromium(III) hydroxide, oxyhydroxide or oxide, optionally crosslinked with polyacrylic acid, which process comprises a first step of depositing a hydrogel of chromium(III) hydroxide onto magnetic material in a desired particulate form, a second step of heating to form chromium(III) hydroxide, oxyhydroxide or oxide, and a third optional step, which may precede or follow the said second step, of crosslinking with polyacrylic acid. The coated protected magnetic particles are useful for the preparation of composite magnetic polymeric particles for use in processes involving ion exchange, filtration and adsorption.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a fibrous, nonwoven, flow filter tube and the filter tube so prepared, which method comprises forming a filter tube from an aqueous slurry containing an admixture of both low-melting-point binder and high-melting-point filter fibers, and, thereafter, heating the filter tube to a temperature greater than the temperature of the low-melting-point fibers and less than the temperature of the high-melting-point fibers, to effect melting of the low-melting-point fibers, the molten material of the low-melting point fibers forming at the crossover points of the high-melting-point fibers to act as a bonding agent, thereby preparing a nonwoven, self-supporting, fibrous filter tube composed of the filter fibers.

Abstract: Tetrafluoroethylene polymer coating dispersions when coated on glass fabric improve acid resistance of the fabric if the dispersions contain a selected silane, siloxane and water repellant.

Abstract: The present invention resides in an improved ceramic foam filter particulary useful for filtering molten metal. The composition of the ceramic foam material is as follows: 50 to 70% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 ; 2 to 10% micron sized reactive alumina; 1 to 5% montmorillonite; 1 to 10% ceramic fibers; and from 5 to 25% of a ceramic binder or air setting agent.

Abstract: An apparatus for and a method of removal of particulate material and boiler-feed additives from pressurized, saturated steam, which apparatus includes a composite cartridge in which particulate matter is removed by a filter tube and boiler-feed additives are removed by contacting the filtered steam with a bed of a hydrogen-form, strong-acid, ion-exchange resin, and saturated, pressurized steam substantially free of particulate matter and volatile, alkaline, boiler-feed additives are recovered for use, for example, in food-preparation and sterilization purposes.

Abstract: The properties of nonwoven glass fiber and nonwoven polymer fiber are combined efficaciously in a composite web that comprises two component webs of particular composition. One of the component webs is formed by screen casting, squeezing, and drying an aqueous dispersion of glass fiber, thermoplastic fiber, and a hydrophilic polymer so that temporary adhesion bonding occurs. The other of the component webs is formed by orienting textile polymer fiber and thermoplastic fiber so that temporary matting occurs. The composite web is formed by superposing and calendering the component webs under heat and pressure so that fusion bonding of the thermoplastic fiber occurs within each and between both of the component webs. As a result, the glass fiber and textile fiber are predeterminedly locked and the properties of both are predeterminedly available.

Abstract: A glass fiber filter mat possessing excellent wet strength which is in the form of a non-woven matrix of glass micro-fibers including polymer micro-bits derived, for example, from a non-brittle expanded, thermoplastic styrene polymer or a flexible foamed polyurethane, the micro-bits being substantially free of intact cells. Also included in the filter mat is a cobeat or intimate blend of cellulose fibers and the polymer micro-bits, which may additionally contain polyester fibers, as well as a combination of binders, viz., polyvinyl alcohol and a melamineformaldehyde resin.

Abstract: Gas-vapor treating and filter mats composed of glass fibers intermixed with micro-bits of any of an expanded thermoplastic styrene-polymer or expanded thermoplastic lower polyolefin or flexible foam polyurethane and a suitable organic bonding agent, which mat may contain any of fibers of a fiber-forming terephthalate polyester, activated carbon, and gas-vapor adsorbent crystalline zeolite molecular sieve particles.

Abstract: Sintered glass pellets which generally decrease in particle size as they increase in specific gravity provide a unique filter medium which varies from larger pellets at its inlet (upstream) upper portion to smaller pellets at its outlet (downstream) lower portion. In view of the variation in specific gravity, particles forming the filter medium generally resume substantially their initial respective positions after the medium is back-flushed for cleaning. Although pellets throughout the medium differ in specific gravity, they are made of the same ingredients. The individual pellets are formed by granulating finely-ground glass with a suitable binder and sintering the resulting granules.

Abstract: A glass-fiber filter tube and process of preparing the filter tube, which filter tube comprises a plurality of randomly disposed, fine glass fibers bonded, at the junction of the fibers, with a fused thermoplastic fluorocarbon resin, which filter tube may also include a reinforcing support scrim sheet incorporated integrally therein.

Abstract: A self-supporting filter consisting of a plurality of fibre flakes distributed as fibre cells throughout a matrix. The matrix is preferably made of a porous material. The fibre flakes are agglomerations of short fibres. The filter is made by mixing fibre flakes and a binder, compressing the mixture in a mould and hardening the binder by a dry process to produce the matrix.

Abstract: A dimensionally stable filter structure for high temperature applications and method of making it. The filter structure comprises at least one batt of relatively brittle fibers, known to possess outstanding degredation resistance at elevated temperatures, stitch-knitted with high temperature and corrosion resistant yarns.

Abstract: A dialysis membrane for hemodialysis having passages of uniform diameter and positioned uniform distances from each other.

Abstract: Pervious diaphragms for cells for the electrolysis of aqueous solutions of alkali metal halides and the method of manufacture thereof are disclosed; the pervious diaphragms comprise inorganic fibers and a polymer which is selected from polyelectrolytes insoluble in aqueous solutions of alkali metal halides.

Abstract: A porous tubular element of uniform density and porosity is formed by uniformly depositing binder and crushable fibers selected from the group consisting essentially of polycrystalline, alumina, zirconia, aluminum silicate and potassium polytitanate fibers from an aqueous dispersion onto a cylindrical mold. The tubular element is then compressed with sufficient pressure to crush and rearrange the fibers to obtain uniform density and porosity.

Abstract: A filter element for gas or liquid comprises a layer of glass, ceramic, metal, mineral wool or organic fibers containing, wholly within the layer, an apertured sheet, for example of steel or aluminum, the fibers being bound to one another throughout the layer and through the apertures, as well as to the sheet itself, by a synthetic resin such as silicone resin or polyurethane. The filter element is formed by mounting the apertured sheet a selected distance above a filter surface on which the fibers build up while a slurry containing the fibers is drained through the filter surface. When the fibers have built up to a predetermined distance above the sheet, the fibers containing the sheet are removed and the assembly impregnated with a synthetic resin and cured. Two or more grades of slurry mixture may be used in succession to produce a density grading through the thickness of the fibrous layer.

Abstract: An improved inside-to-outside flow filter tube and method of manufacturing the tube, which filter tube comprises: a plurality of nonwoven fibers having interstices therebetween to define the porosity of the filter tube, the tube containing a binding agent at the junction of the fiber crossovers to provide a self-supporting structure of a defined wall thickness and filter porosity; and an open scrim reinforcing sheet material within the wall of the filter tube extending generally the length of the tube and at least one overlapping revolution about the tube diameter, the fibers of the filter tube bonded integrally through the open scrim material, thereby permitting the use of the filter tube in applications requiring inside-to-outside fluid flow without the necessity for an external peripheral support.

Abstract: A multiple phase filter cartridge is presented wherein the filter has two or more distinctly different fibrous layers with at least one of the fibrous layers containing active particles. The different layers are formed in place on the filter by a wet accretion process.

Abstract: Improved filter media comprised of negatively charged high surface area fibrous filter material the surface of which is modified by treatment with a melamine-formaldehyde cationic colloid, processes for the production thereof, and use in liquid filtration to remove submicron contaminants including negatively charged particles. Glass microfiber treated with Parez 607 colloid is preferred.

Abstract: A filter tube, which filter tube comprises a mass of interrelated nonwoven glass fibers, the fibers having a diameter of from about 0.001 to about 10 microns, the fibers bonded at the junctions of the fiber crossovers with a hardened silicone resin bonding agent, the fibers interrelated to form a semirigid mass of desired porosity suitable for use as a filter for gases or liquids.