Abstract: This invention relates to a method for the selective recovery of zinc from geothermal brines, and the subsequent preparation of zinc chloride or zinc sulfate therefrom.

Abstract: A method for producing a patch comprising a support layer and an adhesive agent layer comprises: a mixture preparation step of mixing asenapine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof with sodium acetate whose particle diameter D50 at a cumulative volume of 50% in a particle diameter distribution is 40 to 1000 ?m, in such a manner that the sodium acetate and sodium diacetate generated from the sodium acetate have a particle diameter D50 of 10 ?m or smaller, thereby obtaining a mixture containing the sodium diacetate and the asenapine or pharmaceutically acceptable salt; and an adhesive-agent-layer formation step of forming the adhesive agent layer comprising the sodium diacetate, the asenapine or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and a pressure-sensitive adhesive base agent, by using an adhesive agent layer composition obtained by mixing the mixture with the pressure-sensitive adhesive base agent.

Abstract: A method for isolation of 1,3-propanediol from post-fermentation broth is disclosed. The method generally involves the following steps: (1) biomass removal from post-fermentation broth by one of the following methods: ultrafiltration, filtration, centrifugation or sedimentation; (2) 1,3-propanediol extraction with organic solvent mixture containing 2-butanone with high efficiency performed continuously or stepwise; (3) distillation under vacuum to obtain highly pure target product and (4) organic solvent recovery and recycling the solvent back into the process. The method is useful for recovering valuable 1,3-propanediol from aqueous solutions produced by fermentation.

Abstract: Processes for producing acetic acid are presented herein. One or more embodiments include processes for controlling downstream water concentration in acetic acid production process including contacting methanol and carbon monoxide in the presence of a reaction medium under carbonylation conditions sufficient to form a carbonylation product including acetic acid, wherein the reaction medium includes a carbonylation catalyst, water in an upstream water concentration of from 1 wt. % to 14 wt. % water, and a tertiary phosphine oxide; recovering acetic acid from the carbonylation product; and controlling a downstream water concentration by determining a target water concentration and introducing the tertiary phosphine oxide to the reaction medium at a rate, basicity, concentration or combination thereof sufficient to provide a downstream water concentration within 1 wt. % of the target water concentration.

Abstract: The invention relates to a microfluidic structure (1), comprising at least one cavity (10) having at least one inlet opening (11) and at least one outlet opening (12), wherein the cavity (10) can be filled with a liquid or a liquid can flow through the cavity and at least one element (13) is provided inside the cavity (10), which element stops the flow of the liquid at least temporarily and/or diverts the flow of the liquid at least in some regions within the cavity (10). According to the invention, the at least one element (13) is formed by a recess (13) introduced into a wall of the cavity (10), which recess (13) has at least one first region (14) at which the liquid stops at least temporarily and/or is diverted at least in some regions and at least one second region (15) at which the liquid preferably flows into the recess (13). Such a microfluidic structure makes it possible to fill the cavity (10) without air inclusions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparing a composition rich in lutein produced by microalgae, particularly microalgae belonging to the Chlorella genus, more specifically produced by Chlorella vulgaris, characterized in that said method includes the sequence of the following steps: 1) preparing a cell lysate from the microalgae biomass; 2) treating the lysed microalgae biomass with a polar solvent, preferably ethyl acetate, in order to obtain an oleoresin containing the lutein and the lipids from the initial biomass; 3) extracting the oleoresin obtained in step 2) by means of a non-polar solvent, here a fluid at supercritical pressure, in order to obtain a fraction rich in non-polar lipids, mainly consisting of triglycerides, and an insoluble fraction rich in lutein; and 4) recovering the thus lutein-enriched fraction.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for hydrophilizing an external-pressure type hollow fiber membrane module, which is capable of efficiently hydrophilizing the hollow fiber membranes even in the vicinity of the bonded/fixed portion in the lower part of the casing. According to the hydrophilization method of the invention, the outer surfaces of the hollow fiber membranes in the lower part of the casing are prevented from receiving a water head pressure corresponding to the height of the membrane module and the hollow fiber membranes located in the vicinity of the lower bonded/fixed portion can be efficiently hydrophilized.

Abstract: The invention is a process for producing paraxylene, benzene and/or toluene is alkylated with methanol in the presence of a catalyst under conditions effective to convert said benzene and/or toluene to xylene and produce a product stream containing water, xylene and one or more phenolic impurities. The said product stream is separated into a water-rich stream and a xylene-rich stream containing one or more phenolic impurities and at least a portion of the xylene-rich stream is contacted with an aqueous solution of a base under conditions to remove at least some of the phenolic impurities from the xylene-rich stream portion.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for deep desulphurization of cracked gasoline with minimum octane loss of about 1-2 units. In this process full range cracked gasoline from FCC, Coker, Visbreaker etc is sent to Diolefin Saturation Reactor for selective saturation of diolefins. After saturation of diolefins, the stream is sent to Splitter for splitting into three cuts i.e Light Cut (IBP-70° C.), Intermediate Cut (70-90° C.) and Heavy Cut (90-210° C.). The Light Cut which contains majority of the high octane olefins and mercaptan sulfur is desulfurized with caustic treatment using Continuous Film Contactor (CFC). The sulfur in the Intermediate Cut is also predominantly mercaptans and the cut can be desulfurized by caustic treatment using CFC along with Light cut or separately desulfurized before being sent for isomerization. The Heavy Cut containing mainly thiophinic sulfur compounds is treated either by using conventional HDS process or reactive adsorption process.

Abstract: Methods for the formation of liposomes that encapsulate reagents in a continuous 2-phase flow microfluidic network with precision control of size, for example, from 100 nm to 300 nm, by manipulation of liquid flow rates are described. By creating a solvent-aqueous interfacial region in a microfluidic format that is homogenous and controllable on the length scale of a liposome, fine control of liposome size and polydispersity can be achieved.

Abstract: A method of servicing a wellbore in a subterranean formation comprising preparing a wellbore servicing fluid comprising cement, an aqueous fluid, and a cyclodextrin, a cyclodextrin derivative, or combination thereof; placing the wellbore servicing fluid in the wellbore and allowing the fluid to set. A wellbore servicing fluid comprising cement, aqueous fluid, and a cyclodextrin, cyclodextrin derivative, or combination thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are devices and methods related to the production and measurements of amphiphilic molecule bilayers, which are useful in high throughput electrophysiological screening and ion channel measurement in bilayers. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention.

Abstract: Nanotube electronic devices exhibit selective affinity to disparate nanotube types. According to an example embodiment, a semiconductor device exhibits a treated substrate that selectively interacts (e.g., chemically) with nanotubes of a first type, relative to nanotubes of a second type, the respective types including semiconducting-type and metallic-type nanotubes. The selective interaction is used to set device configuration characteristics based upon the nanotube type. This selective-interaction approach can be used to set the type, and/or characteristics of nanotubes in the device.

Abstract: Separation processes using osmotically driven membrane systems are disclosed generally involving the extraction of solvent from a first solution to concentrate solute by using a second concentrated solution to draw the solvent from the first solution across a semi-permeable membrane. Enhanced efficiency may result from using low grade waste heat from industrial or commercial sources. Pre-treatment and post-treatment may also enhance the osmotically driven membrane processes.

Abstract: Different components of natural oils are separated by forming solid complexes of components of the natural oil with a solvent, and then separating the solid complexes from the remaining liquids. The natural oil is cooled in the presence of a solvent, and at least one component of the oil forms the solid complex with the solvent. This solid complex is separated from the remaining liquid portion of the oil solution, which also contains the solvent. Additional options concentration steps can further concentrate the components left in the liquid phase.

Abstract: A process for treating water used in a coal tar process is described. The process involves treating the water with extraction with an extraction agent or adsorption with an adsorbent. The extraction agent includes at least one of amphiphilic block copolymers, cyclodextrins, functionalized cyclodextrins, and soluble cyclodextrin-functionalized polymers, and the adsorbent includes insoluble cyclodextrin-functionalized polymers, exfoliated graphite oxide, thermally exfoliated graphite oxide or intercalated graphite compounds.

Abstract: An osmotic power generation system and method for generating osmotic power includes a membrane chamber having a semi-permeable membrane therein defining a first portion and a second portion therein. The system also includes a first pump communicating a first fluid to the first portion and a second pump communicating a second fluid to the second portion. The second fluid has higher total dissolved solids than the first fluid. A second portion energy recovery device is in fluid communication with the second portion. A power generator is in communication with the second portion energy recovery device generating electrical power in response to the second portion energy recovery device and the pressure in the second portion.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods for recovering diphosphite-containing compounds from mixtures comprising organic mononitriles and organic dinitriles, using liquid-liquid extraction. Also disclosed are treatments to enhance extractability of the diphosphite-containing compounds.

Abstract: An Anti-Terrorism water quality monitoring system for continuously monitoring a potable water treatment system and related potable water distribution network that provides potable water to a municipality, city, housing development or other potable water consumer. The system includes the collection of data from the water distribution system and from the water treatment facility and from advanced separation processes which are integrated into analytical instruments. The data collected are stored in a remote database on a remote server computer or bank of computers and accessible by Homeland Security or its designated agency. Preferred parameters of monitoring include the turbidity and disinfectant such as chlorine, hypochlorous acid, sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, ozone, chlorine dioxide, chloramines, hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid.

Abstract: An apparatus for the extraction of liquid hydrocarbons (MHC) has a mechanism for providing a process water composition (PWC) comprising a liquid emulsifier and water, an intake device (10) for collecting a liquid feedstock mixture comprising the hydrocarbons (MHC), a separating system connectable to the intake device, the separating system providing for a processing of the liquid feedstock mixture together with the process water composition so as to extract at least some of the hydrocarbons (MHC) from the liquid feedstock mixture, wherein the liquid emulsifier comprises a natural plant oil, an emulsifier, and preferably also a solubilizer.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method of purifying colistin using reverse phase chromatography, wherein loading a column with colistin base in acetic acid and high ethanol concentration and eluting with low ethanol concentration is performed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method which uses magnetic ionic liquids for the liquid-liquid, liquid-solid, or liquid-gas extraction, wherein the partition of the phases occurs in a magnetic field.

Abstract: Recycle of an extract stream containing a contaminant is used to improve recovery of hydrocarbons in a contaminant removal process. At least a portion of an extract stream is recycled to a contaminant extraction zone and contacted with rich ionic liquid. Contaminants in the recycle extract stream are transferred to the rich ionic liquid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an extract obtained by extracting useful components containing equol from an equol-containing fermented soybean hypocotyl, and to a method for producing the same. The present invention makes it possible to efficiently obtain useful components containing equol from the fermented soybean hypocotyl by subjecting an equol-containing fermented soybean hypocotyl to extraction using an ethanol aqueous solution as an extractant. The present invention reduces the content of saponin, which causes an unpleasant taste, by sequentially subjecting the equol-containing fermented soybean hypocotyl to extraction using an ethanol aqueous solution and ethanol, while efficiently extracting equol and glycitein.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid-liquid extraction process, comprising: the provision of a main input liquid stream, comprising at least one compound of interest and an excess compound; the provision of a liquid scrubbing stream; the extraction of the excess compound from the main input liquid stream by contact with the liquid scrubbing stream, making it possible to collect a main output liquid stream, depleted in excess compound with respect to the main input liquid stream; in which: the main input liquid stream and the liquid scrubbing stream exhibit a difference in density of less than or equal to 50 kg/m3 and also an interfacial tension of less than or equal to 3 dyn/cm; and the extraction stage is carried out in a packed contactor with a ratio by weight as input liquid scrubbing stream/main liquid stream ranging from 0.3 to 0.5.

Abstract: To promote mixture of fluids on a plurality of stages, flow channels include a plurality of merging portions which penetrate from a top surface to a back surface of a substrate. An end of each of the sub channels is disposed so as to overlap the main channel at each of positions separated along the direction in which the main channel extends, and each of the merging portions communicates the main channels and the ends of the sub channels with each other, thereby changing a flow direction of the second fluid flowing through the sub channels to the thickness direction of the substrate, and merges the second fluid with the first fluid flowing through the main channels.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of treating aqueous fluid and apparatus therefor. The method comprises adding an organic compound to a mass of aqueous fluid comprising at least one Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitor (KHI). The organic compound comprises a hydrophobic tail and a hydrophilic head. The hydrophobic tail comprises at least one C—H bond and the hydrophilic head comprises at least one of: a hydroxyl (—OH) group; and a carboxyl (—COOH) group.

Abstract: In a device and a process for purifying water which is contaminated with sulphate ions and heavy metal ions, the water is collected in a water reservoir and a substance having basic activity in water is fed to the water reservoir in such a manner that a precipitant having heavy metal ions is precipitated from the water, wherein at least a subquantity of water is taken off from the water reservoir and is separated into pure water which is substantially freed from sulphate ions and heavy metal ions and dirty water which is enriched with sulphate ions and heavy metal ions. The dirty water is at least in part recirculated to the water reservoir, as a result of which a concentration of sulphate ions in the water reservoir is achieved such that a precipitant having sulphate ions is precipitated from the water.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and method for removing molybdenum and other possible impurities from an organic copper-containing extraction solution in connection with the liquid-liquid extraction related to copper recovery. The removal of impurities occurs in one or several removal units built into the organic extraction solution storage tank.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for production of transportation fuels from biomass. More particularly, this invention relates to a process for using solvent to remove metal impurities and high molecular weight components from biomass derived biocrude to prevent potential catalyst poisoning and catalyst bed plugging in biocrude-to-transportation fuel upgrading process.

Abstract: Method for oil removal. The method includes adding a magnetizable material, with or without appropriately selected surfactants, of order micron (having no net magnetization) or nanometer size to magnetize the oil or water phase by either making a ferrofluid, magnetorheological fluid, a magnetic Pickering emulsion (oil in water or water in oil emulsion), or any other process to magnetize either oil or water phases. The magnetized fluid is separated from the non-magnetic phase using novel or existing magnetic separation techniques or by permanent magnets or electromagnets thereby separating oil and water phases. The magnetized particles are separated from the magnetized phase using novel or existing magnetic separation techniques to recover and reuse the particles. The two magnetic separation steps can be repeated to further increase recovery efficiency of the liquid phases and the magnetizable particles reused in this continuous process.

Abstract: Valuable metals such as cobalt, nickel, manganese, and lithium can be economically recovered from various lithium secondary battery-related wastes by the inventive method which comprises liquid-phase leaching a scrap powder containing Co, Ni, Mn, and Li, and purifying and solvent-extracting the resulting leaching solution to recover each of said Co, Ni, Mn, and Li, wherein the liquid-phase leaching is performed by a two-step counter-current leaching using an inorganic acid solution or a mixed solution of an inorganic acid and hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: Method for the stabilization of contaminants within a material selected from soils, mining tailings and by-products, sludge wastes and industrial wastes, by mixing the material with an alum sludge composition. The composition includes one or more aluminum compound(s) and/or complex(es) together with a reactive carbon material.

Abstract: Integration of an acid recovery system in the manufacturing of cellulose esters may include heat recovery from a carboxylic acid recovery distillation column by solvent extracting a weak acid stream to form a first overhead stream and a first bottoms stream; distilling the first overhead stream in a distillation column to form a second overhead stream and a second bottoms stream; sending at least a portion of the second overhead stream to a heat exchanger via a process inlet; sending a boiler feed water make up stream to the heat exchanger via a water inlet; and cooling the at least a portion of the second overhead stream in the heat exchanger, such that the at least a portion of second overhead stream exits the heat exchanger via a process outlet and the boiler feed water make up stream exits the heat exchanger via a water outlet.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of fruit skin extracts as corrosion inhibitors, more particularly to the use of the skin of fruits such as mango, cashew, passion-fruit and orange, inter alia, more specifically as corrosion inhibitors for steel in an acid medium, preferably carbon steel 1020 in a 1 mole/L?1 hydrochloric acid medium, and also for various types of steel, metals such as copper and copper alloys, inter alia, in neutral and basic media, and to the process for producing same.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for recovering gold by solvent extraction from an acidic chloride-containing aqueous solution or from slurry containing gold-bearing solids using a diester-based reagent that is poorly soluble in water as organic extraction solution. In accordance with the method, gold is extracted extremely effectively, but other precious metals and many other metals quite sparingly. Gold is stripped from the extraction phase with pure water, from which the gold can be reduced either chemically or electrochemically.

Abstract: The present invention increases a number of target reaction containers from one into many. Coordinated with increased reaction times, total reaction volume is increased. By modifying an affinitive column of an automatic synthesis system, a production in a single batch is increased. The products obtained can be conformed to quality check specifications with cost saved.

Abstract: A mixer settler [1] comprises a settling tank [30], an organic launder [40] provided within the settling tank [30], an aqueous launder [50] provided within the settling tank [30], and an isolated aqueous weir box [70] which is positioned internally or externally relative to an outer profile of the mixer settler [1], the isolated aqueous weir box [70] being at least partially operatively isolated from the settling tank [30] by the aqueous launder [50]. The isolated aqueous weir box [70] comprises an adjustable weir [76] which separates a recycle chamber [72] from an advance chamber [74] therein. The organic launder [40] is operably connected to an organic advance effluent pipe [80], and the aqueous launder [50] is operably connected to the isolated aqueous weir box [70].

Abstract: A new family of crystalline microporous metallophosphates designated AlPO-59 has been synthesized. These metallophosphates are represented by the empirical formula R+rMm2+EPxSiyOz where R is an organoammonium cation such as the ETMA+, M is a framework metal alkaline earth or transition metal of valence 2+, and E is a trivalent framework element such as aluminum or gallium. The AlPO-59 compositions are characterized by a new unique ABC-6 net structure and compositions and have catalytic properties for carrying out various hydrocarbon conversion processes, and separation properties for separating at least one component.

Abstract: The present disclosure is related to a method and apparatus for reducing a salt concentration in a liquid composition using a solvent. The method includes combining the liquid composition and the solvent, where the solvent has lower carrying capacity for at least one salt in solution with the liquid composition. The liquid composition may be miscible with the solvent. The solvent may also have a lower boiling point than the liquid composition. The method further includes precipitating some of the salt out of the liquid and removing the precipitate. The solvent may then be separated, leaving the liquid composition with a reduced salt concentration. The solvent may be reused if recovered after separation. The apparatus includes elements for implementing the method.

Abstract: A new family of crystalline microporous metallophosphates designated AlPO-57 has been synthesized. These metallophosphates are represented by the empirical formula R+rMmn+EPxSiyOz where R is an organoammonium cation such as the DEDMA+, M is a divalent framework metal such as an alkaline earth or transition metal, and E is a framework element such as aluminum or gallium. The microporous AlPO-57 compositions are characterized by a new unique ABC-6 net structure and have catalytic properties for carrying out various hydrocarbon conversion processes and separation properties for separating at least one component.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for treating a formation containing crude oil hydrocarbons, comprising injecting an aqueous composition comprising an internal olefin sulfonate with a nominal carbon chain length between 24 to 44 into said formation and displacing said crude oil hydrocarbons toward one or more production wells. The invention further provides a method for treating a formation containing crude oil hydrocarbons, a method for improving the wettability of a subsurface surface in an subsurface formation containing crude oil hydrocarbons, and a method for separating crude oil hydrocarbons from crude oil hydrocarbons compositions.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an apparatus and method for treating ship ballast water, wherein electron beams are irradiated into the ballast water to induce radiolysis of the water, and harmful marine organisms present in the ballast water are killed by radicals produced by the radiolysis. The electron beams are continuously irradiated into the ballast water under operating conditions of an energy of 0.5-5 MeV, an electron beam irradiation dose of 0.1-30 kGy and a flow rate of 1-200 m3/hr.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an extract obtained by extracting useful components containing equol from an equol-containing fermented soybean hypocotyl, and to a method for producing the same. The present invention makes it possible to efficiently obtain useful components containing equol from the fermented soybean hypocotyl by subjecting an equol-containing fermented soybean hypocotyl to extraction using an ethanol aqueous solution as an extractant. The present invention reduces the content of saponin, which causes an unpleasant taste, by sequentially subjecting the equol-containing fermented soybean hypocotyl to extraction using an ethanol aqueous solution and ethanol, while efficiently extracting equol and glycitein.

Abstract: A method of separating an aqueous portion from a heterogeneous sample containing said aqueous portion and a non-aqueous (lipid) portion, teaches passing a sample through glass wool, thus trapping the aqueous layer in the glass wool and eluting the lipid layer from the glass wool.

Abstract: Articles, methods of making, and uses for modifying surfaces for liquid repellency are disclosed. The liquid repellant surfaces comprise a surface comprising an anchoring layer. The anchoring layer, which forms an immobilized molecular anchoring layer on the surface, has a head group that is covalently linked to, or adsorbed onto, the surface and a functional group. The functional group of the treated surface has an affinity for a lubricating layer, which is applied to the treated surface. The anchoring layer and replenishable lubricating layer are held together by non-covalent attractive forces. Together, these layers form an ultra-repellant slippery surface that repels certain immiscible liquids and prevents adsorption, coagulation, and surface fouling by components contained within.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid-liquid contacting tray, including: (i) a liquid-liquid contacting deck having a first side and a opposite second side, the deck comprising a perforated tray material; (ii) an outlet weir extending vertically from the first side of the contacting deck, the outlet weir defining an interior space of the outlet weir; (iii) an inlet weir extending vertically from the first side of the contacting deck, the inlet weir surrounding the outlet weir; and (iv) a tubular downcomer having a first end and a second end, the first end being in fluid communication with the interior space of the outlet weir, the downcomer extending away from the second side of the liquid-liquid contacting deck.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for separating solute material from an algal cell feed stream. The algal cell feed stream, which contains the solute material, can be introduced into on portion of a mixer-settler vessel, and a solvent feed stream can be introduced into another portion of the vessel to mix with the algal cell feed stream, with a goal of separating at least a portion of the solute material from the algal feed stream.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for separating organosilicon compounds from organosilicon wastewater. In the first step, the wastewater is heated to at least 10° C. In the second step, the wastewater is stored for at least 30 minutes at at least 10° C. In the third step, the wastewater is conducted through a phase separation element, in which droplets that are formed and contain organosilicon compounds are separated.

Abstract: A process for treating a water-acid mixture includes contacting the water-acid mixture with a hydrocarbon solvent to remove at least a portion of the acid from the mixture to produce a treated liquid. The ratio of the hydrocarbon solvent to water-acid mixture is between 2:1 and 5:1.