Abstract: Disclosed herein are an apparatus and method of increasing dialysis dose and waste removal with the introduction of mechanical energy, such as vibration, to a hemodiafiltration membrane The method generally includes providing a dialyzer that includes a vibration element in engaged vibratory communication with a hemodiafiltration membrane The method also includes enabling extracorporeal flow of pre-dialyzed blood and a dialysate through the dialyzer and respectively past opposing surfaces of a vibrating hemodiafiltration membrane to achieve a solute clearance from the pre-dialyzed blood that is at least about 10% greater than a solute clearance from the pre-dialyzed blood obtained in the absence of the engaged vibratory communication Various apparatus are also disclosed, each of which includes a vibration element in vibratory communication with the dialyzer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cytopheretic cartridge for use in treating and/or preventing inflammatory conditions that affect myocardial function and to related methods. The cartridge can be used in treating a subject with myocardial dysfunction, such as a subject with chronic heart failure and/or acute decompensated heart failure.

Abstract: A hemodialysis apparatus 1 is provided with a dialyzer 2 for performing hemodialysis, a blood circuit 3 connected to the dialyzer, a dialysis solution circuit 4 connected to the dialyzer, a replacement fluid port 31 provided in the dialysis solution circuit and capable of being opened and closed by a lid member, and a replacement fluid passage 6 having its one end connected to the blood circuit and the other end connected to the replacement fluid port. After a dialysis fluid substitution step of filling the dialysis solution circuit with a dialysis solution, the lid member is detached from the replacement fluid port to change the replacement fluid port from a closed state to an open state. To connect the replacement fluid passage to the replacement fluid port in the open state, a negative pressure forming step to make the pressure in the dialysis solution circuit negative is performed after the dialysis fluid substitution step.

Abstract: An implantable dialysis device with a related medical system for intracorporeal dialysis and ultrafiltration of blood, and methods of use are described. The medical system includes an extracorporeal module, a cutaneous module, and an implantable module. Features of the implantable module facilitate delivery and flow of blood and dialysate through the medical system. A filter pack within the implantable module performs dialysis and ultrafiltration of blood. System cleansing is also described.

Abstract: A microfluidic device for increasing convective clearance of particles from a fluid is provided. A network of first channels can be separated from a network of second channels by a first membrane. The network of first channels can also be separated from a network of third channels by a second membrane. Fluid containing an analyte can be introduced in the network of first channels. Infusate can be introduced into the network of second channels, and waste-collecting fluid can be introduced into the network of third channels. A pressure gradient can be applied in a direction perpendicular to the direction of fluid flow in the network of first channels, such that the analyte is transported from the network of first channels into the network of third channels through the second membrane.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method of determining a dosage of phosphorus binder for a patient undergoing dialysis treatment to achieve a pre-dialysis serum phosphorus concentration within a desired concentration range while achieving a desired net accumulation of calcium. The method includes determining the dosage of phosphorus binder that will achieve pre-dialysis serum phosphorus concentration of the patient that is within the desired concentration range while accounting for the change in the amount of phosphorus removed by the dialysis treatment when the pre-dialysis serum phosphorus concentration of the patient is within the desired concentration range, determining a dialysate calcium concentration that will result in the desired net accumulation of calcium over a complete dialysis cycle, and dialyzing the patient with a dialysate containing a calcium concentration based upon that determination.

Abstract: A system and method provide information in response to at least one current event related to a treatment performed by a dialysis system. A first number is displayed at a treatment display in communication with the dialysis system. The first number corresponds to a set of current notifications. Each current notification is generated in response to at least one current event related to the treatment. A new event is detected that is related to the treatment. The first number is increased to a second number in response to detecting the new event. The second number corresponds to a new notification generated in response to the new event and corresponds to the set of current notifications. A highest priority event is determined between the new event and the at least one current event. The treatment display displays at least one notification corresponding to the highest priority event.

Abstract: The dose of dialysis in terms of urea clearance is marginal in many hemodialysis patients, and metabolic acidosis as determined by the pre-dialysis serum HCO3 level is common. A dialysate that included citric acid rather than acetic acid as acidifying agent provides superior performance properties. Citrate-containing dialysate was used exclusively in 22 hemodialysis patients. Initially, only 8 of the 22 patients had a pre-dialysis serum HCO3>23 mEq/L (lower limit of normal), however, after 12 weeks of dialysis using the citrate-containing dialysate, the serum HCO3 normalized in 15 patients (p=0.0001, Chi-square). Dialysis variables were kept constant in 19 of the patients, who also used and reused the same dialyzer model throughout. In these patients, the initial average urea reduction ratio (URR) was 68.5±5.9%, and after treatment with the citrate dialysate disclosed herein, this ratio had increased to 73±5.3% (p<0.03). SpKt/V, calculated using the Daugirdas II formula, also increased from 1.23±0.

Abstract: Blood is treated externally to a human or animal body, the blood having been extracted from a first human or animal body for delivery to a second human or animal body. The temperature and/or composition of the blood are controlled.

Abstract: The general disclosure discusses a system and method for improving the efficacy of blood filtration treatments such as hemodialysis, hemofiltration, and hemodiafiltration. More particularly, the disclosure discusses a microfluidic device that includes first and second channels separated by a permeable membrane. One of the channels is configured for blood flow and includes a protein gel disruption layer. The protein gel disruption layer includes a plurality of elements at least partially extending across the blood flow channel that reduce the formation of a boundary layer or gel layer at the blood-membrane interface.

Abstract: There is provided a bioreactor device having cells, including human primary proximal tubule cells (HPTCs) or HPTC-like cells on the exterior surface of hollow fiber membranes included within the device. Also provided are bioartificial kidney devices incorporate the bioreactor device and methods of using such devices.

Abstract: A method for the filling and flushing of a blood tube set including a pump segment for a blood pump, an arterial line connected to an inlet of a dialyser, a venous line connected to an outlet of a dialyser, a substituate line connected to a substituate port and having a pump segment for a substituate pump, and a three-way connector connected to the arterial line, the venous line and a rinse port. The method includes the steps of opening the rinse port, filling and simultaneously flushing the arterial and venous lines with the substituate supplied from the substituate line via the substituate pump, while substituate is drained off via the rinse port, closing the rinse port, and circulating the substituate in the circuit of arterial line, dialyser and venous line by the blood pump.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical combination for the treatment of renal failure in pets, caused by various diseases or ineffective to traditional renal therapy or renal replacement therapy thereby incapable of restoring health. The pharmaceutical combination of the present invention is administered by subcutaneous injection to pets in need thereof, with various advantages including simple use, no requirement for surgery, hospitalization and/or fluid infusion, faster recovery of health status, reduced medical costs, significantly improved recovery rate, reduced mortality and the likes. The pharmaceutical combination of the present invention can also be used for the continuous care treatment of pets with renal failure.

Abstract: Systems and methods for performing hemodialysis to remove metabolic waste from the blood of a patient are disclosed. The systems and methods preferably comprise at least one blood processing apparatus that receives whole blood from a patient. Cellular blood components are removed from the whole blood by hemofiltration, to provide filtered plasma comprising metabolic waste that is substantially reduced of blood cells. The cellular blood components may be returned to the patient. The filtered plasma comprising waste may be removed from the blood processing apparatus through a waste path for further processing in a separate apparatus, or in the same apparatus in a second stage processing procedure to remove metabolic waste components and excess water from the plasma by hemodialysis. At least one of the hemofiltration and hemodialysis processing apparatus comprises a Taylor vortex-enhanced separation apparatus.

Abstract: An apparatus for extracorporeal treatment of fluid and a process of setting up a medical apparatus for the delivery or collection of fluids are disclosed. According to the apparatus and the process, a control unit (10) is configured calculate set values of two or more of the fluid flow rates based on a fluid flow rate set by the operator and on a prescribed dose value (Dset).

Abstract: The invention relates to a dialysis machine having improved flow balance. In particular, the invention monitors the pressure of blood entering and leaving a patient's body using several sensors (37, 39) and adapts the pressure of a dialysate solution feed to the dialysis machine to compensate for compliances in the fluid flow path. As a consequence, better flow balance is maintained throughout dialysis treatment leading to a more uniform removal of waste materials form the blood.

Abstract: Malaria, caused by the parasite Plasmodium, is a devastating disease killing more than 800,000 people a year worldwide. Plasmodium replicates within erythrocytes by digesting hemoglobin, producing haemozoin as a byproduct which accumulates within the parasite. The development of vaccines is hampered by lack of memory immune response, while the long-term effectiveness of current anti-malaria drugs is limited due to the emergence of drug-resistant strains. Furthermore, people who are deficient of the enzyme glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase exhibit fatally-adverse drug effects. To overcome these hurdles, I propose a novel laserbased, non-pharmacological treatment for malaria. The treatment is based on the ability of haemozoin to convert light in the near infra-red into ultra-violet (UV) radiation via Third Harmonic Generation. The UV light produced by haemozoin can in turn kill the parasite.

Abstract: The present system and method in one embodiment limit a maximum instantaneous peritoneal volume to a comfortable level, while allowing the dialysis machine to advance to fill a prescribed volume whenever the drain ends after a minimum drain percentage has been attained. If a low drain condition occurs, the nominal fill volume is lowered and a therapy cycle is added, so that a prescribed total amount of fresh therapy fluid is used during therapy, maximizing therapeutic benefit. An allowable residual volume at the end of an incomplete drain is increased, thereby lowering the probability of a subsequent low drain condition.

Abstract: A method of controlling a medical fluid therapy machine display brightness includes: performing a medical fluid therapy using the medical fluid therapy machine, the medical fluid therapy machine including a display; sensing an amount of ambient light impinging the display without receiving light directly from the display; controlling a level of backlight brightness for the display based on the amount of ambient light sensed; and displaying information relating to the medical fluid therapy on the display using the controlled level of backlight brightness.

Abstract: A dialysis machine includes a blood circuit, a dialysate circuit, and a dialyzer placed in communication with the blood circuit and the dialysate circuit. The dialysis machine includes a priming sequence in which dialysate is used to prime a first portion of the dialysate circuit and a physiologically compatible solution, other than dialysate, is used to prime a second portion of the dialysate circuit, the dialyzer and the blood circuit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and compositions for monitoring, diagnosis, prognosis, and determination of treatment regimens in subjects suffering from or suspected of having a renal injury. In particular, the invention relates to using a one or more assays configured to detect a kidney injury marker selected from the group consisting of SPARC, Follistatin-related protein 1, Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 21, Growth arrest-specific protein 1, MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A, Syndecan-1, and WNT1-inducible-signaling pathway protein 1 as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in renal injuries.

Abstract: A dialysis machine useful in hemodialysis can process or treat a reverse osmosis water flow received through the machine to prepare a dialysate. The machine can include an additive source to introduce an additive, such as bicarbonate, to the reverse osmosis water flow. The machine can include a sensor in fluid communication with the additive introduction point that can measure the conductivity or similar characteristic of the solution. During a first time period when additive is actively introduced to the reverse omosis water flow, the sensor can measure a relatively high conductivity value. During a second time period when additive is not introduced to the reverse osmosis water flow, the sensor can measure a relatively low conductivity value. The dialysis machine can include a controller that processes these measurements to assist control and operation of the machine.

Abstract: A pumping cassette including a housing having at least two inlet fluid lines and at least two outlet fluid lines. At least one balancing pod within the housing and in fluid connection with the fluid paths. The balancing pod balances the flow of a first fluid and the flow of a second fluid such that the volume of the first fluid equals the volume of the second fluid. The balancing pod also includes a membrane that forms two balancing chambers. Also included in the cassette is at least two reciprocating pressure displacement membrane pumps. The pumps are within the housing and they pump the fluid from a fluid inlet to a fluid outlet line and pump the second fluid from a fluid inlet to a fluid outlet.

Abstract: Patients suffering from acute renal failure must be diagnosed and treated quickly so that a physician can confidently prescribe either peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis. In one way of quickly treating the patients, software is used to calculate a suitable peritoneal dialysis prescription without regard to how short or how long a dialysis cycle is used, and without regard to a total dialysate fluid volume for a therapy. For patients with suitable peritoneal membrane transport properties, the software program suggests that, at least over a short period of time, unexpectedly high ultrafiltrate volumes and high clearances may be achieved.

Abstract: A dialysis system includes: a blood filter; a dialysate pump connected to a dialysate portion of the blood filter; a blood pump connected to a blood portion of the blood filter, the blood pump including a diaphragm that is moved in cycles to pump the blood, the cycles having a flow period and a no-flow period; a patient access device in fluid communication with the blood portion of the blood filter, the no-flow period having a first characteristic of a property when the patient access device is lodged in a patient and a second characteristic of the property when the patient access device is dislodged from the patient; and a logic implementer configured to determine that the patient access device has been dislodged from the patient when the second characteristic of the parameter is detected.

Abstract: This patent application relates generally to processing devices in the medical device area.

Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus of treating water to obtain small water cluster, which comprises one or more illumination devices and one or more holders holding metal particles. The invention also provides a method of preparing the small water cluster and the small water cluster prepared from the apparatus or the method.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to vial spiking assemblies and related methods. In certain aspects, the vial spiking assemblies include a vial adapter having a base, a spike extending from a central region of the base, and a sidewall extending from the base and surrounding the spike. The base and the sidewalls partially, define a cavity that is configured to receive at least a portion of the vial. The assemblies also include a spike cover that is removably attached to the spike and that includes a material configured to indicate when the material is contacted with liquid.

Abstract: A dialysate regeneration chamber is provided. In one embodiment, the dialysate regeneration chamber may include a toxin trap configured to selectively trap toxins and repel select cations. In another embodiment, generating a toxin trap may include oxidizing an activated carbon fiber and attaching a fatty acid to the oxidized activated carbon fiber to generate an ion-selective barrier, wherein the fatty acid extends away from the activated carbon fiber.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a multipart fluid system for use in CRRT, wherein the multipart fluid system comprises an anticoagulation fluid and at least one fluid from the group consisting of a dialysis fluid and an infusion fluid. According to the invention the anticoagulation fluid comprises at least 8 mM citrate, and the dialysis fluid and/or infusion fluid comprises 2-8 mM citrate and 1-5 mM total calcium. The present invention further concerns a system for regional citrate anticoagulation in an extracorporeal blood circuit.

Abstract: An apparatus is described for extracorporeal blood treatment comprising an extracorporeal circuit (2), a first pump (13) operating at the removal line (3) of the blood, a second pump (14) operating at the return line (7) of the blood to the patient, a first blood reservoir (21) operating on the blood return line (7) upstream of the second blood pump (14) and a sensor (22) predisposed to detect at least a parameter, for example the pressure in the first reservoir; a control unit (100) connected to the first pump (13), to the second pump (14) and to the sensor (22) is configured such as to control the first pump (13) to promote removal of the blood along the removal line and the movement of the second pump (14) to promote the return of the blood to the patient along the return line, the control of the second pump being carried out on the basis of the signal emitted by the sensor acting on the first reservoir.

Abstract: A blood purification apparatus has a dialyzer (1), an arterial blood circuit (2) with a blood pump (4), a venous blood circuit (3), a dialysis fluid introduction line (L1), a dialysis fluid discharge line (L2), a dialysate infusing line (L8), and a dialysate infusing pump (13). A closed circuit is formed in the flow route of the dialysis fluid on the dialysis fluid introduction line (L1) side including a predetermined part where a collection port (11) is formed. A testing process is performed to confirm the connection of the dialysate infusing line (L8) to the collection port (11) by measuring fluid pressure within the closed circuit while driving the dialysate infusing pump (13).

Abstract: This disclosure generally relates to dialysis systems and related methods. In one aspect of the invention, a dialysis system includes a device configured so that a medical fluid can pass therethrough, and the device is adapted to remove one or more substances from the medical fluid as the medical fluid passes through the device. The dialysis system can also include a sodium control system adapted to alter a sodium concentration of the medical fluid.

Abstract: A biocompatible polymer composition which includes a matrix material and at least one of an isoflavone and a flavone at least partially dispersed in the matrix material is suited to use in a membrane for hemodialysis and other in vivo and in vitro applications.

Abstract: In a process for testing filters (4) and (13) of treatment fluid of a hemodiafiltration apparatus (1), each filter has a wet semipermeable membrane (5, 14) which separates a gas-filled first chamber (6 and 15) from a liquid-filled second chamber (7 and 16). The first chambers are pressurised by a pump (19) supplying air, while the second chambers are placed in depression by a drainage pump (17) of used dialysis fluid. A first closed system is formed which includes the first chambers and a second closed system is formed which includes the second chambers. Two pressure gauges (P1 and P2) monitor the pressure in the two closed systems for a predetermined time. The monitoring provides indications relating to the filter integrity.

Abstract: Sampling device for obtaining a sample of an analyte, comprising a feed line (30) and a discharge line (40) as well as an analyte feed chamber (13) in fluidic connection between the feed line and the discharge line, the analyte feed chamber having an opening (14) which is provided with an analyte-permeable membrane (15) to allow the analyte to pass through from a region outside the analyte feed chamber into the analyte feed chamber, the surface area of the opening of the analyte feed chamber being at most 400 times the minimum cross-sectional surface area of the discharge line, more preferably at most 100 times and most preferably 50 to 80 times the minimum cross-sectional surface area of the discharge line. This device will reduce the dead time between the passage of the analyte through the membrane and the detection of said analyte at the sensor.

Abstract: The invention relates to extracorporeal blood circuits, and components thereof (e.g., hollow fiber membranes, potted bundles, and blood tubing), including 0.005% to 10% (w/w) surface modifying macromolecule. The extracorporeal blood circuits have an antithrombogenic surface and can be used in hemofiltration, hemodialysis, hemodiafiltration, hemoconcentration, blood oxygenation, and related uses.

Abstract: A blood circuit capable of automatically performing priming for safe treatments. The blood circuit includes: a hemofilter (56) purifying blood; a blood removal line that has an end connected to an inlet of the hemofilter (56) and that includes a first blood removal line (84), a second blood removal line (88), and a third blood removal line (89); a blood return line that has an end connected to an outlet of the hemofilter (56) and that includes the first blood return line (92) and the second blood return line (94); and an anticoagulant (bypass) line (90) reducing a difference between (a) a pressure of a priming fluid flowing in the blood removal line and (b) a pressure of the priming fluid flowing in the blood return line.

Abstract: An apparatus for the filling of a medical filter has at least one first space and one second space which are semipermeably separated by one or more membranes, with the spaces each having at least one inflow and outflow. The apparatus includes a detection unit having a first element and a second element, with a liquid discharge from at least one of the first and second spaces being detectable by the first element, and the state of the filling of the filter being determinable by the second element with reference to the detected liquid discharge. A method of filling a medical filter employs the apparatus.

Abstract: The present application relates to a method for removing pathogens from a transfusion grade platelet composition. The method comprises the steps of passing a platelet preparation through a first tangential flow filtration (TFF) device having a TFF filter, and collecting a retentate from the TFF device, wherein the retentate comprises filtered platelets to be used for transfusion. The platelet preparation comprises a platelet activation inhibitor and an anti-coagulant. During the TFF process, a diafiltration solution is added to the retentate to maintain the volume of the platelets.

Abstract: The dose of dialysis in terms of urea clearance is marginal in many hemodialysis patients, and metabolic acidosis as determined by the pre-dialysis serum HCO3 level is common. A dialysate that included citric acid rather than acetic acid as acidifying agent provides superior performance properties. Citrate-containing dialysate was used exclusively in 22 hemodialysis patients. Initially, only 8 of the 22 patients had a pre-dialysis serum HCO3>23 mEq/L (lower limit of normal), however, after 12 weeks of dialysis using the citrate-containing dialysate, the serum HCO3 normalized in 15 patients (p=0.0001, Chi-square). Dialysis variables were kept constant in 19 of the patients, who also used and reused the same dialyzer model throughout. In these patients, the initial average urea reduction ratio (URR) was 68.5±5.9%, and after treatment with the citrate dialysate disclosed herein, this ratio had increased to 73±5.3% (p<0.03). SpKt/V, calculated using the Daugirdas II formula, also increased from 1.23±0.

Abstract: A method of predicting serum phosphorus concentrations in a patient during hemodialysis includes measuring serum phosphorus concentrations of the patient over a hemodialysis treatment session time and an ultrafiltration rate calculated by a difference between pre- and post-dialytic body weight of the patient during an initial hemodialysis treatment session divided by a total treatment time of the treatment session and estimating a phosphorous mobilization clearance and a pre-dialysis distribution volume of phosphorus for the patient. Serum phosphorus concentrations of the patient can then be predicted at any time during any hemodialysis treatment session with the estimated phosphorous mobilization clearance and pre-dialysis distribution volume of phosphorus of the patient.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the treatment of blood are disclosed allowing for the determination of an internal convection in a blood purification device e.g. in the form of a dialyzer. The internal convection in the purification device can be determined on the basis of pressure differences in the purification device. The blood purification may be, for instance, a hemodialysis or a hemodiafiltration. Pressure sensors serve for measuring the pressures of the blood at the input and/or output of the purification device as well as optionally for detecting the pressure of a cleaning fluid or dialysis fluid at the input and/or output of the purification device.

Abstract: A blood purification apparatus, during priming, has one end of the fluid infusing line L3 connected at the same location as the connected location of the fluid infusing line L3 during the blood purification treatment process. Determining whether either a pre-fluid infusion, where replenishment fluid is supplied to an arterial air trap chamber 5, or a post-fluid infusion, where the replenishment fluid is supplied to a venous air trap chamber 6, will be performed in the blood purification treatment process. The end of an arterial blood circuit 2 and the end of a venous blood circuit 3 are connected together to communicate fluid. In addition, a blood pump 4 is driven in normal rotation or in reverse rotation direction while the replenishment fluid is supplied from the fluid infusing line L3. The replenishment fluid is discharged from an overflow line 6a.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to hemodialysis and similar dialysis systems, including a variety of systems and methods that would make hemodialysis more efficient, easier, and/or more affordable. One aspect of the invention is generally directed to new fluid circuits for fluid flow. According to one aspect, a blood pump is configured to pump blood to a dialyzer of a hemodialysis apparatus, the blood pump comprising a pneumatically actuated or controlled reciprocating diaphragm pump. In an embodiment, the diaphragm of the pump comprises a flexible membrane formed or molded to generally conform to a curved inner wall of a pumping chamber or control chamber of the pump, wherein the diaphragm is pre-formed or molded to have a control side taking a convex shape, so that any elastic tension on the diaphragm is minimized when fully extended into a control chamber of the pump.

Abstract: A dialysis system includes a filtration system capable of filtering a water stream, a water purification system capable of purifying said water stream in a non-batch process, a mixing system capable of producing a stream of dialysate from mixing one or more dialysate components with the water stream in a non-batch process, and a dialyzer system. The dialyzer may be a microfluidic dialyzer capable of being fluidly coupled to the stream of dialysate and a blood stream.

Abstract: A method is provided for monitoring the introduction of substitution fluids for an extra-corporeal blood processing device with an extra-corporeal blood circuit, comprising an arterial blood line, running from an arterial patient connection to a first chamber of a dialyzer or filter divided into said first chamber and a second chamber by a membrane and a venous blood line, running from the first chamber of the dialyzer or filter to a venous patient connection. A device is provided for monitoring the introduction of substitution fluids for an extra-corporeal blood processing unit with an extra-corporeal blood circuit and an extra-corporeal blood processing device with a device for monitoring the introduction of substitution fluids. The method and the device for monitoring the introduction of substitution fluids are based on monitoring the fluid level in the bubble trap, arranged in the venous blood line of the extra-corporeal blood circuit.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for performing hemodialysis that include fluid handling systems that provide accurate control over the type and level of hemodialysis being performed. The system includes a first pump for pumping dialysate into a dialyzer and a second pump for pumping dialysate out of the dialyzer. The system also includes a third pump that provides improved control of a level of ultrafiltration, hemodiafiltration, or both.

Abstract: Manifolds suitable for use in hemodialysis, hemofiltration, hemodiafiltration, and peritoneal dialysis are provided. One or more of the manifolds can include a manifold body and an external tube. The manifold body can include at least one conduit including a first conduit and at least one port including a first port in fluid communication with the first conduit. The external tube can be in fluid communication with the first port and can include a main segment, a first branch segment, and a second branch segment containing at least one bacterial filter. The first branch segment and/or second branch segment can include at least one flow restrictor. Dialysis machines, systems, and kits including one or more such manifold are also provided, as are methods of performing hemodiafiltration using such manifolds.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to medical fluid sensors and related systems and methods. In certain aspects, a method includes using a medical fluid pump of a medical fluid pumping machine, such as a hemodialysis machine, to deliver medical fluid to a first portion of a cartridge that is positioned within a magnetic field, exciting atoms in the medical fluid in the first portion of the cartridge by applying radio frequency energy to the medical fluid in the first portion of the cartridge, receiving radio frequency energy generated by the excited atoms in the medical fluid in the first portion of the cartridge, and determining a concentration of a substance in the medical fluid based on the received radio frequency energy generated by the excited atoms in the medical fluid in the first portion of the cartridge.