Abstract: An apparatus and methods to produce synergistic mixtures (or combinations) of haloamines to control growth of microorganisms in aqueous systems are disclosed. The apparatus and methods to produce synergistic mixtures entails producing a batch quantity of a haloamine and converting part of the haloamine to a second haloamine species to form the synergistic mixture.

Abstract: Vegetable sources of cancer chemoprotective agents have been identified which are extraordinarily rich in glucosinolates, metabolic precursors of isothiocyanates. The vegetable sources are used to provide a dietary means of reducing the level of carcinogens in mammals.

Abstract: A method utilizing chlorine dioxide and nitrous acid or other non-charged chemical species for the treatment of biosolids to destroy pathogens is provided. The method uses chlorine dioxide to modulate the ORP of the matrix, acidification of the sludge (biosolids) to a pH of less than 4.0, and provides for the addition of nitrous acid for enhanced disinfection in a closed system to prevent volitalization.

Abstract: A biological fluid disposal system having a water flow line, a biological fluid line in fluid communication with the water flow line, a disinfectant line in fluid communication with the water flow line and the biological fluid line, and a venturi connected to one of the lines for creating a suction force so as to draw a biological fluid and a disinfectant in mixed relationship through the water flow line. The venturi includes a source of water pressure connected to the water flow line such that the water flow across an opening of either the biological fluid line and disinfectant line creates the suction force. The disinfectant line is connected to the biological fluid line between the water flow line and source of biological fluid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and a device for decontaminating waters, especially groundwaters, which are heavily and complexly polluted with organic halogen compounds (HHC), in which process the contaminated waters are pre-treated in order to convert low-volatility HHC into more readily volatile components, the halogenated hydrocarbons are subsequently transferred from the aqueous phase to the gaseous phase where complete conversion into halogen-free compounds takes place at elevated temperature by means of catalytic reductive dehalogenation.

Abstract: On-Line and Off-Line methods of simultaneously cleaning and disinfecting an industrial water system are described and claimed. The methods involve the addition to the water of the industrial water system of a Compound selected from the group consisting of the alkali salts of chlorite and chlorate and mixtures thereof; and an acid, followed by allowing the water in the industrial water system to circulate for several hours. The reaction of the alkali salts of chlorite and chlorate and acid produces chlorine dioxide in-situ in the water of the industrial water system. The chlorine dioxide kills microorganisms and the acid acts to remove deposits upon the water-contact surfaces of the equipment. An alternative method involves the use of a chelating agent and a biocide. Other possible cleaning and disinfection reagents may be added as needed including corrosion inhibitors, chelating agents, biocides, surfactants and reducing agents.

Abstract: Transition metal ions have the ability to increase the oxidation performance of the inorganic peroxy salts at room temperature by possibly lowering their activation energy or by producing more reactive free radicals. When two transition metal salts are used together to decompose dipersulfate, it provides synergistic oxidation activity, better than obtained by dipersulfate or dipersulfate with either copper or zinc alone. The transition metals mentioned are the water soluble salts of copper and zinc. Oxidation performance of sodium dipersulface in presence of catalytic amount of copper and zinc salts was determined by measuring the destruction of crystal violet dye at a wavelength of 589 nm.

Abstract: A storable, stable composition that provides the effective antimicrobial benefits of halogenated agents is presented. The invention includes a water-soluble biocidal composition. The composition includes: about 0.01 to about 10 wt. % of a water-soluble inorganic halide; about 5 to about 60 wt. % of an oxidizing agent which, in aqueous solution, reacts with the inorganic halide to generate hypohalite ions; about 1 to about 15 wt. % of N-succinimide; and about 1 to about 30 wt. % of a pH buffering agent. The invention also includes a method of producing the above composition.

Abstract: A method for suppressing the growth of mycobacteria associated with hypersensitivity pneumonitis, in particular Mycobacterium immunogenum, in metalworking fluids is described. The method uses antimicrobial or biocidal compositions which include a metal complex comprising disodium monocopper (II) citrate and an isothiazolone mixture preferably comprising 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one. Also described are methods for detecting and identifying the mycobacteria.

Abstract: A method for chlorine purification in which crude chlorine containing nitrogen and/or oxygen is purified to separate the nitrogen and oxygen from the chloride, characterized in that the crude chlorine containing nitrogen and/or oxygen is contacted with 1,2-dichloroethane to cause the 1,2-dichloroethane to absorb the chlorine contained in the crude chlorine, and a process for producing 1,2-dichloroethane which comprises reacting ethylene with the chlorine contained in the chlorine containing 1,2-dichloroethane.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of treatment of bodies of water such as recreational pools, spas and hot tubs with maintenance doses of water treatment chemicals to achieve consistent sanitization and aesthetically pleasing levels of properties such as turbidity. The amount of the maintenance doses is based on the volume of water to be treated in order to achieve hygienic and clear water. The method can be automated for accurate, consistent and safe treatment of water such as found in swimming pools, spas or hot tubs.

Abstract: A water-treating microbicide, containing an inorganic acid and a corrosion inhibitor, and further containing a carboxylic acid having 8 or less carbon atoms or any of alkali metal salts thereof. The present invention can provide a water-treating microbicide, water treatment method and water treatment apparatus exhibiting a high sterilization effect in a membrane separation device for seawater desalination, etc.

Abstract: Synergistic mixtures of biocides and their use to control the growth of microorganisms in aqueous systems are disclosed. The method of using the synergistic mixtures entails adding an effective amount of a nitrogenous compound activated by an oxidant and at least one non-oxidizing biocide to an aqueous system. The amount of activated nitrogenous compound and non-oxidizing biocide is selected to result in a synergistic biocidal effect.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for improving the performance of filtration devices by adding P- and/or N-containing compounds to the medium to be filtered.

Abstract: This invention relates to biocidal compositions and methods of using same. Also provided is a process for the manufacturing of a biocidal composition in the form of a tablet and a method of using the biocidal compositions for the disinfection of water that may contain microorganisms and biofilms.

Abstract: A method for suppressing the growth of mycobacteria associated with hypersensitivity pneumonitis, in particular Mycobacterium immunogenum, in metalworking fluids is described. The method uses antimicrobial or biocidal compositions which include a metal complex comprising disodium monocopper (II) citrate and an isothiazolone mixture preferably comprising 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one. Also described are methods for detecting and identifying the mycobacteria.

Abstract: The present invention provides a sustained-releasing anti-protista preparation, including using a water-insoluble or difficulty water soluble and water-wettable polymer compound which is solid at room temperature as a sustained-releasing substrate material, a method for a preparation of the sustained-releasing anti-protista preparation, including kneading a water-insoluble or difficulty water soluble and water-wettable polymer compound which is solid at room temperature with an anti-protista substrate, and a sustained-releasing anti-protista preparation for a waterway, including using a water insoluble or difficulty water soluble and water-wettable polymer compound which is solid at room temperature as a sustained-releasing substrate material.

Abstract: An isocyanurate stabilizer to the chlorinated pool water includes a tablet of chemically pure isocyanuric acid soluble in the pool water before a chlorinated tablets are added into the pool water.

Abstract: On-Line and Off-Line methods of simultaneously cleaning and disinfecting an industrial water system are described and claimed. The methods involve the addition to the water of the industrial water system of a Compound selected from the group consisting of the alkali salts of chlorite and chlorate and mixtures thereof; and an acid, followed by allowing the water in the industrial water system to circulate for several hours. The reaction of the alkali salts of chlorite and chlorate and acid produces chlorine dioxide in-situ in the water of the industrial water system. The chlorine dioxide kills microorganisms and the acid acts to remove deposits upon the water-contact surfaces of the equipment. An alternative method involves the use of a chelating agent and a biocide. Other possible cleaning and disinfection reagents may be added as needed including corrosion inhibitors, chelating agents, biocides, surfactants and reducing agents.

Abstract: Liquid and solid bromine-containing compositions are described. A liquid mixed halogen composition is also described. The highly concentrated liquid compositions and the high-activity solid compositions have excellent physical and chemical stability. The compositions are effective biocides in water treatment. Methods of preparing the compositions are also disclosed. These include combining a bromine compound in the oxidation state of −1 with hydrogen peroxide and a complexing agent followed by the addition of an alkaline source. The methods may further include the use of a solid organic or solid inorganic halogenating agent, conducting a solid-liquid separation, and adding an alkaline source.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of inhibiting the growth of killing algae, bacteria, yeast and/or fungi in a recirculating water system which comprises adding to the water a polymeric biguanide and an adjuvant of the Formula (1) or a salt thereof: wherein: R1 is an optionally substituted C8 to C12 or C18 to C22 alkyl group; and R2 and R3 each independently is H or optionally substituted C1-4-alkyl.

Abstract: A water treating system utilizes antimicrobial sand filter for killing bacteria and preventing microbial growth. Said antimicrobial sand filter consists of organic quaternary ammonium salt and inorganic metal compound.

Abstract: A sodium chlorite solution is admixed with a second solution containing an acid to make a reacted mixture. The reacted mixture is introduced into a water system, viz. a conduit in which water flows or a tank containing water. The reacted mixture is added to the water system to inhibit and/or eliminate bacterial fouling in the system, and/or inhibiting and/or removing mineral deposits from the system, and/or for reducing or eliminating microorganisms from the system. The second component is acidic enough to convert the sodium chlorite into chlorine dioxide while remaining unaffected in the reacted mixture and at the same time being a mineral antiscalant. Optimum conversion of the sodium chlorite component into active chlorine dioxide requires at least several minutes reaction time and, preferably, the use of a suitable catalyst, such as sodium molybdate.

Abstract: Aquatic nuisance species (ANS) in ship's ballast water are killed by permeating to equilibrium a gaseous mixture consisting essentially of, preferably, ≧84% nitrogen, ≧11% carbon dioxide and ≦4% oxygen through ship's ballast water until the ballast water itself becomes (i) hypercapnic to ≧20 ppm carbon dioxide, and, by association, (ii) acidic to pH≦7, while preferably further, and also, being rendered (iii) hypoxic to ≦1 ppm oxygen. The permeating is preferably realized by bubbling the gaseous mixture preferably obtained from an inert gas generator through the ballast water over the course of 2+ days while the ballast water is continually maintained a pressure less than atmosphere, preferably −2 p.s.i. or less.

Abstract: Reduced stabilization time of oxidation-reduction potential is achieved in a recreational body of water by baseloading bromide ions and dialkylhydantoin prior to biocidal treatment of the water body with N,N′-dihalo-5,5-dialkylhydantoin.

Abstract: A powdered halogenated hydantoin product having the following size distribution: (a) 70-100% halogenated hydantoin particles sized between 80 mesh and 200 mesh; (b) 0-20% particles sized larger than 80 mesh; and (c) 0-10% particles sized smaller than 200 mesh. The powdered product has superior dissolution and flow characteristics, while avoiding dusting where the product is used. Bromochlorodimethylhydantoin is the preferred halogenated hydantoin.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and device for preventing the formation of deposits in a drainage system (100). The device (10) includes a container (12, 212), connected by a flexible cord (20) to a stopper (22). An antimicrobial composition (24) is placed in the container and the container is inserted into a drain opening (102). The container moves to the bottom of the trap (106) of the drainage system. The container is preferably located at least partially beneath the water or drainage fluid (110) in the bottom of the trap. The cord and stopper prevent the container from moving beyond the trap. The cord and stopper allow for removal of the container from the drainage system, once the composition has been fully dispensed.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a method and apparatus for controlling and optimizing the feed of two or more oxidizers to an aqueous stream, thereby providing a synergistic effect. The system combines the use of amperometric or ORP based sensor technology with amperometric sensor technology employing a gas permeable membrane, thereby providing definitive control of each oxidizer feed stream.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for disinfecting drainage are provided. A bromine-based or iodine-based disinfectant is added to water to obtain disinfecting water, and the disinfecting water is added to predetermined drainage. The apparatus has a device for producing disinfecting water from a disinfectant and drainage, a sand basin, and a channel for introducing the disinfecting water into the sand basin, and the drainage is disinfected while the drainage is dwelling in the sand basin.

Abstract: A fine bubble diffuser membrane used in the aeration of wastewater is treated with biocide to inhibit growth and accumulation of biological materials on the membrane. The membrane may be constructed of EPDM rubber or urethane. The biocide may be carbolic acid either dispersed throughout the membrane or applied as a coating on the surface of the membrane exposed to the wastewater. The membrane is a flexible and elastic structure impervious to liquid and provided with slits that close to prevent wastewater inflow in the absence of aeration and open in response to aeration pressure to discharge air into the wastewater.

Abstract: A method of controlling microbial fouling is provided. The method controls microbial fouling using hypobromous acid, HOBr, formed by the reaction between an aqueous solution of alkali or alkaline earth metal hypochlorite and a bromide ion source. The method is characterized in that the alkali or alkaline earth metal hypochlorite or/and the bromide ion source is/are stabilized by the addition of a stabilizer before the hypobromous acid is formed by the reaction there between.

Abstract: An antimicrobial and antiviral composition in powder form or in the form of a two part liquid concentrate for washing and sanitizing foods, food surfaces, food ware, process waters, animal quarters, and animal carcasses is described. The composition may also be used to reduce the microbial and viral population on animals; reducing human pathogenic microbes, reducing opportunistic pathogenic microbes on eggs, and treating skin diseases. The composition includes three reactive species which in solution form an oxidizing species, and optionally a food grade acid source. The reactive species include a natural source of a quaternary or protonizable nitrogen compound which is acceptable on foods, an oxidant and a halide source.

Abstract: Describes a method for dissolving a solid chemical material, such as calcium hypochlorite, with a solvating liquid, e.g., water, in a chemical feeder operating under positive pressure wherein an inert gas, e.g., air, is injected into the solvating liquid, e.g., by use of an injector nozzle, and the resultant mixture of inert gas and solvating liquid is forwarded to the chemical feeder. Sufficient air is charged to the chemical feeder to limit the level of solvating liquid in the feeder and thereby limit the amount of solid chemical material contacted by the solvating liquid.

Abstract: An oxidizing species is described herein as a reaction product through an in situ preparation combining a protonizable phosphorus or sulfur compound, and a halide source at controlled proportions in an aqueous, non-aqueous, gel, aerosol, solid-phase or powdered media. The oxidizing species can be used to reduce microbial and viral populations on a surface or object or in a body or stream of water. The invention thus finds applications as a bleach, sanitizer, oxidant, or in any other application in which an oxidizing agent can be beneficially used alone or in a formulation.

Abstract: Describes a method for dissolving a solid chemical material, such as calcium hypochlorite, with a solvating liquid, e.g., water, in a chemical feeder operating under positive pressure wherein an inert gas, e.g., air, is injected into the solvating liquid, e.g., by use of an injector nozzle, and the resultant mixture of inert gas and solvating liquid is forwarded to the chemical feeder. Sufficient air is charged to the chemical feeder to limit the level of solvating liquid in the feeder and thereby limit the amount of solid chemical material contacted by the solvating liquid.

Abstract: A method of controlling microbial fouling is provided. The method controls microbial fouling using hypobromous acid, HOBr, formed by the reaction between an aqueous solution of alkali or alkaline earth metal hypochlorite and a bromide ion source. The method is characterized in that the alkali or alkaline earth metal hypochlorite or/and the bromide ion source is/are stabilized by the addition of a stabilizer before the hypobromous acid is formed by the reaction there between.

Abstract: One or more antibiotics are used as bactericide to eradicate entrained bacteria in treated waste water. Once bacteria have effectively metabolized waste water, they are destroyed using a mixture of antibiotics. These antibiotics are neutralized by an oxidizing agent. Upon oxidation of the antibiotics, the treated effluent is safe for release into the environment. Use of antibiotics for treatment of waste water is safer for the environment. In addition, both antibiotics and quaternary ammonia compounds may be used in a simple method to purify potable water. No neutralization or extraction of the additives is necessary prior to human consumption.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition comprising at least one photosensitizer of the tetrapyrrole and/or tetraazapyrrole series and a solid carrier which is swellable in water. Under the action of electromagnetic radiation the photosensitizer develops its antimicrobial action by way of the activation of oxygen and/or the promotion of processes in which free radicals are involved. Said composition is useful for treating water with the aim of freeing it of bacterial germs, algae, yeast and fungi.

Abstract: The apparatus of the present invention for treating a gas containing a substance to be decomposed comprises an adsorption unit equipped with an adsorbent for adsorbing the substance to be decomposed, a steam introduction unit for bringing steam into contact with the adsorbent, a condensation unit for obtaining a condensed liquid containing the substance to be decomposed from the steam containing the substance, a reaction tank, a condensed liquid supply unit for supplying the condensed liquid to the reaction tank, a hypochlorous acid supply unit for supplying a solution containing hypochlorous acid to the reaction tank, and a light irradiation unit for irradiating the reaction tank with light.

Abstract: A process for optimizing the rate of oxidation using a combination of halogen, e.g. chlorine donors and peroxygen, e.g. potassium monopersulfate. The peroxygen compound elevates the oxidation-reduction potential of the body of water being treated. Simultaneously, a halogen donor is added to the body of water to maintain a PPM level of free halogen sufficient to insure sanitization. The amount of free halogen is reduced and the ORP effective range expanded to 700-850 mv by addition of an effective amount of a coagulating agent. The feed rates and concentrations of both oxidizers are optimized so as to achieve and maintain the targeted parameters. A high level of oxidation is maintained which removes by-products from the water and surrounding air.

Abstract: The inventors have discovered that partially halogenated hydantoins exhibit superior antimicrobial efficacy and decreased performance additive decomposition rates than fully halogenated hydantoins, such as dichlorodimethyl hydantoin (DCDMH). Partially halogenated hydantoins are solutions containing monochlorohydantoin and, optionally, dihalogenated hydantoin or non-halogenated hydantoin. The present invention is a method of reducing slime in a circulating water slurry comprising organic matter and one or more performance additives, such as optical brighteners, while minimizing decomposition of the performance additives. The method comprises adding one or more partially halogenated hydantoins, such as Cl1 1-chlorodimethyl hydantoin, to the slurry. The concentration of partially halogenated hydantoin maintained in the slurry generally ranges from about 0.01 to about 50 ppm (expressed as Cl2). This method is particularly useful for circulating water slurries in paper processing.

Abstract: A method for controlling snails in aqueous systems which involves treating aqueous systems which contain snails or which are prone to snail infestation with an effective amount of a water-soluble dialkyl diallyl quaternary ammonium polymer (polyquat) is disclosed. A preferred polymer is a poly(quaternary ammonium) compound having a recurring structure (DMDAAX−) resulting from the polymerization of monomeric dimethyl diallyl ammonium X−, wherein X− is any suitable anion.

Abstract: An apparatus 10 generates oxygenated water having a significantly reduced oxidation reduction potential (ORP). A carbon filter 100 removes particulate impurities from the water as it comes into the apparatus. A water softener 150 removes minerals from the water. A reverse osmosis unit 200 further cleans and purifies the water, removing any additional solids, and almost all the minerals and chlorides. A blender 250 adds a precisely measured amount of sodium bicarbonate or sodium carbonate to the water, thereby making it somewhat electrically conductive. The purified water having a measured quantity of sodium bicarbonate is stored in a tank 300 which also includes a recirculating pump 350 which keeps the water moving. By keeping the water moving, the minimum level of sodium bicarbonate required for electrical conductivity may be used. A pump 400 moves the water into an electrolysis cell 450, where current passing through the water separates a small amount of water into hydrogen and oxygen.

Abstract: Method of controlling biofouling and microorganism population levels in a water system, comprising adding to the water a redox buffer and oxidizing thereafter. The redox buffer may be a peroxide or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which is added to the water. The redox buffer keeps the redox potential between about 250 to 450 mV. The oxidant may include a halogenating chemical which is chosen from among the hypohalite species, such as HOCl, NaOCl, NaOBr, HOBr, OBr−, OCl−, Br2, Cl2 and acid solutions. The acid solution is selected from among those containing (Cl2+HCl), (Br2+HBr), (Br2+HCl), trichlorocyanoric acid (TCCA), bromochlorodimethyl hydantoin (BCDMH), dibromodimethyl hydantoin (DBDMH), dichlorodimethyl hydantoin (DCDMH), and other halogen agents, preferably an active chlorine donor or sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) or hypohalide acid (HOX), such as hypochlorous acid (HOCl) or hypobromous acid (HOBr), or hypohalite ion OX, wherein X is Cl or Br, or halohydantoin.

Abstract: A method for controlling snails in aqueous systems comprising treating aqueous systems which contain snails or which are prone to snail infestation with an effective amount of a water-soluble dialkyl diallyl quaternary ammonium polymer (polyquat) is disclosed. A preferred polymer is a poly(quaternary ammonium) compound having a recurring structure (DMDAAX−) resulting from the polymerization of monomeric dimethyl diallyl ammonium X−, wherein X− is any suitable anion.

Abstract: An effluent containing sorbic acid or its salt from, for example, a sorbic acid production line is (1) treated with a hypohalogenous acid or its salt, e.g. sodium hypochlorite, or (2) subjected to membrane separation or activated carbon treatment and further to biological treatment such as activated sludge treatment. The required amount of the hypohalogenous acid or salt may for example be about 0.01-10 parts by weight, in terms of effective halogen, based on 100 parts by weight of the effluent. Optionally the effluent thus treated with the hypohalogenous acid or salt is further subjected to a biological treatment such as an activated sludge process.

Abstract: A process for optimizing the rate of oxidation using a combination of halogen, e.g. chlorine donors and peroxygen, e.g. potassium monopersulfate. The peroxygen compound elevates the oxidation-reduction potential of the body of water being treated. Simultaneously, a halogen donor is added to the body of water to maintain a PPM level of free halogen sufficient to insure sanitization. The feed rates and concentrations of both oxidizers are optimized so as to achieve and maintain the targeted parameters. A high level of oxidation is maintained which removes by-products from the water and surrounding air.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for treating a liquid (2) to inhibit growth of living organisms therein by adding to the liquid an active biocidal ingredient formed by mixing an oxidant (4) and an amine source (6), by: producing a predetermined dilution of the oxidant (4); producing a predetermined dilution of the amine source (6); synchronously metering the two dilutions into a conduit (16) to continuously mix therein according to a predetermined ratio to produce the active biocidal ingredient having high reproducibility, stability and efficacy in situ in the conduit (16); and continuously injecting the active biocidal ingredient, as it is produced in situ in the conduit (16), directly from the conduit into the liquid being treated.

Abstract: A chemical warfare agent decontamination solution made up of about 20% of a quaternary ammonium complex containing benzyltrimethylammoniumchloride and benzyltriethylammonium chloride and about 20% by weight of an oxidizer, dissolved in a solvent, such as water or glycol, is provided. This solution is a noncorrosive, nontoxic, nonflammable decontaminant, which may also be used to neutralize organophosphorus agricultural chemicals.

Abstract: Free halogen sources (e.g., sodium hypochlorite and chlorine) added as slimicides in high organic component process streams such as pulp and paper processing are rendered more efficacious by the addition of selected N-hydrogen compounds (namely, 5,5-dimethylhydantoin, 5-ethyl-5-methylhydantoin, cyanuric acid, succinimide, urea, 4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolidinone, and glycouril) to the process stream. The latter compounds may be added to the process stream before or after the slimicide is added or combined with the slimicide and added directly thereto. The direct use of halogenated hydantoins has also been found to provide improved efficacy relative to free halogen sources. In addition, absorbable organic halogen by-products are reduced.