Abstract: A process and product formed therefrom for providing a protective closure for hollow structures that are used in high velocity applications. The protective closure comprises a closure material and a sheath material permanently bond to each other. Both the closure material and the sheath material are "set" in a configuration of the closure. The protective closure is fabricated by having the closure material and the sheath material permanently bonded and "set" to each other by subjecting them to a high energy impulse force.

Abstract: A device for use in joining wires such as electrical conductors is disclosed. The device comprises a ferrule, the exterior surface of which is covered with a coat or layer comprising an explosive composition. The method of joining includes coaxially aligning the end portions of two wires within the ferrule and then detonating the explosive composition to produce a metallurgical bond between the ferrule and each wire end. Apparatus for forming the novel splice is also disclosed.

Abstract: A composite tubular structure for shielding and supporting the superconducting field assembly of the rotor of a dynamoelectric machine. A plurality of elongated hollow metal cylinders are disposed one within another and are metallurgically bonded together by the high energy impact produced by the detonation of an explosive charge. The metallurgical weld produced thereby is formed substantially uniformly across the metal-to-metal interface of next adjacent cylinders. In a preferred embodiment of this invention, the composite tubular structure comprises an outer cylinder formed of a non-ferromagnetic metal having high mechanical strength and ductility, and an inner cylinder formed of a non-ferromagnetic metal having an electrical conductivity which is high as compared with the electrical conductivity of the outer cylinder.

Abstract: Method for explosively expanding sleeves into heat exchanger tubes disposed in a tube sheet utilizing shaped charges in conjunction welding and brazing techniques to affectuate tube modifications and repairs including the steps of shaping the sleeve, placing specially shaped inserts into the sleeves, varying the explosive charges within the inserts and varying the confinement of the explosive charge within the insert to explosively weld the sleeve to the tube, expand the sleeve to the tube, and/or expand the tube to engage the tube sheet and welding or brazing one end of the sleeve to the tube to form a seal.

Abstract: An oil well pipe incorporates a corrosion-resistant, metallic liner which is intimately metallurgically bonded to the pipe bore.

Abstract: A method and a plug to seal a defective tube of a heat exchanger in the place, where said tube extends in a tube plate, said plug being inserted in the tube plate and having two coaxial cavities, each of which is open at one end and contains an explosive charge and firing means, and said plug being jammed in the tube plate in a gas and liquid tight manner by its radial expansion due to the explosion of its charges -- and a heat exchanger, of which at least one of its tubes has been plugged by means of the described plugs.

Abstract: Bonds are made between two work pieces by using foils exploded by electrical energy typically stored in a large capacitor. To increase the uniformity of the bond area, a foil having at least one slit cut in the direction of current flow is used. The foil strips separated by the slit are attracted together by the pinch effect when current is applied, tending to eliminate loss of foil through a jetting action during explosion. Platings are made by pressing the foil between the work piece and a plastic layer to which the foil does not adhere. In both bonding and plating, the capacitor is charged with energy sufficient to bring the foil just to its boiling point. This "tuning" is more efficient and minimizes heat and blast effects that might otherwise damage a small work piece.

Abstract: A pipe joint for connecting an aluminum pipe to a stainless steel pipe, where the joint consists of washer layers of aluminum, titanium, nickel and stainless steel in this order, each being tightly bonded and integrated in the axial direction of the pipe joint into one assembly by explosion bonding.

Abstract: In a method of explosively welding a metal pipe into a bore in another metal member, such as tube plate or another pipe, the explosive charge is surrounded by a body of impacting medium which is spaced from the inner surface of the pipe wall so that upon detonation of the explosive the impacting medium reaches a high velocity, without disintegrating, before it strikes the pipe wall to effect expansion thereof.

Abstract: A method of forming a laminate is disclosed. The method comprises placing a metal film in juxtaposition to a surface to be joined thereto. A buffer medium having an explosive charge on at least one surface thereof is positioned proximate the film. The explosive charge is detonated to propel the film against the surface to shear a portion of the film, corresponding in shape to the surface, away from the buffer medium to bond the sheared portion to the surface.

Abstract: A valve comprising a valve body and a valve member, said valve body and valve member having cladded seats of hard metal metallurgically connected thereto, and a method for manufacturing said valve comprising a step of metallurgically connecting said seats to the valve body and the valve member through an explosive cladding process.

Abstract: A method for welding two thick-walled metal pieces of tubing of a pipe-line to one another, in which at the joint to be formed between said pieces of tubing overlapping portions thereof extending radially over a small marginal portion of the wall thickness adjacent to the internal cavity of the pipe-line are bonded to each other by the explosion of an internal explosive charge and the portions of the pieces of tubing extending radially over the rest of the wall thickness thereof are thermally welded to one another.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of joining together the ends of tubular metal members by explosive welding and to a permanent, self-aligning backing mandrel for use in the method. The mandrel is in the form of a tubular member having an outer face defining a cylindrical portion and an axially adjacent tapered portion, the maximum diameter of the tapered portion being greater than the diameter of the cylindrical portion. An annular shoulder extends outwardly between the cylindrical portion and the maximum diameter end of the tapered portion, which tapers inwardly away from the shoulder. One pipe end is outwardly flared and fits over the tapered portion of the mandrel and the other pipe end is non-flared and fits over the cylindrical portion, abutting the shoulder. The outer end of the flared pipe end overlaps the non-flared pipe, defining therewith an annular wedge-shaped outwardly-opening space. An explosive is located around this outer overlapping end and is detonated to weld the ends together.

Abstract: An explosively operated welding cartridge is provided in which an annularly shaped explosive charge around a sleeve for receiving rod-like metal members is detonated by an ignition strip surrounding the periphery of the annular explosive. The arrangement of the explosive and ignition strip allows the detonation to start at a predetermined peripheral line and to proceed axially along the explosive on an even front to achieve a reliable weld of the sleeve to the metal members.

Abstract: A thin sheet of corrosion resistant metal is welded to a plate of structural metal by explosion welding by means of an apparatus including an elongated blasting charge holder for accommodating blasting charges, an associated elongate support, and means for pressing the thin corrosion resistant metal sheet and the structural metal plate between the blasting charge holder and the support while detonating the blasting charge.

Abstract: Sheet metal rotor wheel for radial-flow fans, turbines, and the like, and method and fixture for manufacturing same by use of explosion welding of a rotor dish to angled legs of the individual rotor blades. The individual rotor blades are formed of a T-shaped cross-section by joining two L-shaped cross-sections together by spot welding, brazing, or the like. The blades are then positioned in a fixture in predetermined relative positions corresponding to their final positions on an assembled rotor wheel. The fixture includes a rigid outer ring having an inner radius corresponding to the outer radius of the rotor wheel. The fixture also includes spacer members having gaps therebetween for holding the blades in position within the ring. The spacer members have an outer configuration corresponding to the configuration of a rotor dish, which rotor dish is held at a spacing from the angled legs of the blades, the rotor dish being covered with a layer of explosive material.

Abstract: A process for welding explosive-clad metal sheets together with one another and/or with metal pipes, connecting elements, or the like, includes producing at least one unjoined zone between the base metal and the cladding metal in a defined manner during an explosive cladding step, and thereafter welding in the region of at least one of unjoined zones.