Abstract: An atomizer for atomizing a high solids soil paste containing pebbles or agglomerates includes an inner conduit for channeling the paste and an outer conduit surrounding the inner conduit whereby the outer conduit and the inner conduit define an annular space therebetween in which a flow of compressed air is channeled in the space. The inner conduit and the outer conduit have a discharge end which is connected to a discharge spraying head made of a wear-resistant and a high temperature-resistant material such as tungsten carbide. The spraying head has three walls which accommodate a flow plate which is connected at the top of the first wall and third wall for defining a rectangular opening of the spraying head. The flow plate has two air passages cut therethrough, which are also rectangular, which channel air from the annular space into the spraying head for dispersing the soil paste into an atomized spray which is discharged out of the opening.

Abstract: A spray nozzle assembled from a nozzle tip of a hard abrasive resistant material and having a plurality of splines about an outer peripheral surface being press-fit into a nozzle adapter formed of a softer, more machineable material to mechanically lock and form a liquid seal between the nozzle tip and the nozzle adapter.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fluid dispensing container and an actuator therefor that attenuates accumulation of solidified sprayed fluid.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for delivery of particulate fuel eliminates the problem of dense phase flow. The problem stems from the formation of undesirable streams of densely concentrated fuel particles, which streams have a deleterious effect on the combustion. In the distribution method and apparatus of the invention, the particulate fuel is induced to follow a different flow path from that of its transport air, as the fuel and transport air pass through the distribution device. The pattern and density of distribution of particulate fuel in the transport air then becomes controlled by the reentrainment of the fuel into the transport air rather than by flow characteristics of the fuel and transport air entering the nozzle. In the distribution device of the invention, the fuel particles are moved in a direction axially away from the furnace and into a space having a reflector wall against which the fuel particles impinge in a rebounding action.

Abstract: A blast nozzle for accelerating a stream of abrasive particles to a surface for the cleaning thereof has a nozzle body formed of a non-electrically conductive material and is provided with an encapsulating coat to prevent breakage of the nozzle body. To prevent the accumulation of static electric charge during the blast cleaning operation, the exterior surface of the blast nozzle core is covered with an electrically conductive layer disposed between the nozzle body and the encapsulating coat, the nozzle further including an electrically conductive grounding pathway contacting the electrically conductive layer and passing through the encapsulating coat so that the electrically conductive layer can be bonded to ground to provide a pathway for removing the accumulated static charge and prevent periodic sparking.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for coating the interior surfaces of an orifice in a substrate that forms a slurry fuel injection nozzle. In a specific embodiment, the nozzle is part of a fuel injection system for metering a coal-water slurry into a large, medium-speed, multi-cylinder diesel engine. In order to retard erosion of the orifice, the substrate is placed in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reaction chamber. A reaction gas is passed into the chamber at a gas temperature below its reaction temperature and is directed through the orifice in the substrate. The gas reaction temperature is a temperature at and above which the reaction gas deposits as a coating, and the reaction gas is of a composition whereby improved resistance to erosion by flow of the particulates in the slurry fuel is imparted by the deposited coating.

Abstract: A device for directing the flow of an atomized slurry from the ejection orifice of an atomizer housing which is composed of a cylindrical liner bushing made of a wear-resistant material and a cylindrical sleeve bushing designed to support the liner bushing within the ejection orifice of the atomizer housing. The geometries of the liner and sleeve bushings form an annular, recessed shoulder at the discharge end of the bushings. During rotation of the atomizer, turbulent flow eddy currents pack slurry media into this shoulder. The liner bushing is bonded in the sleeve bushing under compression to create a residual preload opposing the centrifugal force generated by rotation of the atomizer housing.

Abstract: A device for directing the flow of an atomized slurry from the ejection orifice of an atomizer housing which is composed of a cylindrical liner bushing made of a wear-resistant material and a cylindrical sleeve bushing designed to support the liner bushing within the ejection orifice of the atomizer housing. The geometries of the liner and sleeve bushings form an annular, recessed shoulder at the discharge end of the bushings During rotation of the atomizer, turbulent flow eddy currents pack slurry media into this shoulder. The liner bushing is bonded in the sleeve bushing under compression to create a residual preload opposing the centrifugal force generated by rotation of the atomizer housing.

Abstract: An atomizer used in boilers, furnaces, downstream contaminant removal processes and the like, to atomize the oil/liquid/slurry product being sprayed into such enclosures. This particular atomizer is configured with individual openings around each exit orifice in the atomizer such that a shield gas (normally air) in communication with these openings, is ejected from the atomizer fully surrounding the spray emitted from each exit orifice.

Abstract: A vertically aimable tip for a pulverized coal nozzle used in the boiler areas of coal fired, steam generating facilities. The nozzle tip comprises box-like outer and inner housings which are pivotally mounted as a unit to the outlet end of a pulverized coal conduit. A box-like end housing having integral splitter plates is loosely mounted in the outer housing in conforming and contiguous abutting relationship to the inner housing to complete the pulverized coal flow path. An air flow path is defined by the spacing between the outer housing and the combination of the inner and end housings. The combination of the end housing and splitter plates is held in place by means by slots and locking keys or tabs to permit differential thermal expansion. The splitter plates are hardfaced and extend upstream into the interior of the inner housing.

Abstract: A spray nozzle assembly, especially for spraying liquid manure, has a nozzle body which can be inserted in and fastened to a pipe stud by means of a union suitable for dye coding so that the nozzle can be easily identified. The nozzle body is surrounded by a circumferential metal sealing disk pressed into the union with the rim of the disk cutting into the inner wall of the union during the pressing step.

Abstract: A spray nozzle assembly particularly adapted for directing a finely atomized slurry of hydrated lime for removing sulfur dioxide from flue gases. The nozzle assembly includes a nozzle body having a first pre-atomizing and mixing chamber into which pressurized liquid and air flow streams are directed for breaking down and pre-atomizing the liquid, an orifice plate at the downstream end of the first pre-atomization and mixing chamber for restricting the fluid flow into a second chamber defined by the orifice plate and spray tip, and a spray tip having a plurality of circumferentially spaced discharge orifices through which atomized liquid particles in the second chamber discharge in a substantially conical cloud-like spray pattern of finely atomized particles.

Abstract: A shower head has a shell which is brass with a plated or painted finish. There is an exterior polyurethane coating to prevent corrosion. The interior of the shower head includes a water flow control with a spray former at one end thereof. A plastic sleeve is positioned against the inside of the shell and extends to and cooperates with the spray former to form a spray discharge pattern for the shower head. The plastic sleeve is required to avoid any adverse effect from the protective polyurethane coating or from a paint finish on the function of the spray former discharge openings.

Abstract: The nozzle comprises a wear pipe (k) arranged in a supporting pipe (c) and comprising a nozzle tip (1) which by an external thread is screwed into an insert (e) at the outlet end of the nozzle housing (b). At the inlet end thereof, the wear pipe (k) carries a counter nut (m). The position of the nozzle tip (1) in the injection hole of a mould is adjusted by the nozzle tip being rotated in the thread of the insert (e), and after a fine adjustment the counter nut (m) is tightened against the back of the nozzle housing (a).

Abstract: The invention is a cleaning method and associated apparatus that are particularly useful for cleaning surfaces formed of relatively hard materials such as grout or industrial rolls which are contaminated with relatively hard embedded deposits of undesirable materials that are difficult to remove by conventional washing or abrading cleaning methods, and while substantially reducing the effluent resulting from the cleaning step so that the cleaning method may be conveniently used in areas where effluent disposal may be a problem such as smaller indoor rooms, areas, or equipment. The invention comprises pressurizing a cleaning liquid with a gas driven hydraulic pump and directing a flow of the cleaning liquid from a nozzle at surfaces to be cleaned at a pressure of at least about 5,000 pounds per square inch (psi) and at a volumetric flow rate of no more than about 1.

Abstract: A coating method is disclosed, wherein a substrate is coated with a paint discharged through an aperture in the form of not a spray but a continuous string. The coating method is suitably applied to a process for producing a photosensitive member for electrophotography, wherein a paint for providing the photosensitive member, such as the one for providing a photosensitive layer or intermediate layer, is discharged onto a rotating cylindrical substrate to be wound thereabout preferably like a thread on a spool, followed by leveling to form a coating film.

Abstract: A mixing head for high pressure mixing of reactive chemicals defines a mixing chamber for receiving and mixing oppositely directed impinging chemicals and having an outlet through which the chemicals are discharged after mixing. A separate tubular nozzle assembly for each chemical is replaceably mounted in the body of the mix head and has an inlet for receiving one of the chemicals and an orifice communicating with the mixing chamber. Each nozzle assembly includes a nozzle body and an annular sleeve or ring shaped orifice member of abrasion resistant material defining the orifice and a tubular support fabricated from a non-metallic material, e.g., an internally lubricated super polyamide, snugly spacing the annular orifice member from portions of the nozzle body defining the associated passage and also interfitting with the annular orifice member in supporting relation.

Abstract: Apparatus for liquid feed dispersion in fluid catalytic cracking systems is disclosed wherein an improved fluidized catalytic cracking nozzle assembly having a nozzle unit so constructed that substantially all liquid fed through the unit is converted to mist-sized particles over a wide-angle dispersion pattern, the unit being recessed within a protective pipe having a shield on the inside thereof in the area of the recess, without concurrent addition of steam to affect liquid that may flow therethrough.

Abstract: A nozzle for atomizing liquid media, in particular a fan-jet nozzle, comprising a nozzle housing determining by its external dimensions and its fitting means the particular nozzle type, and a nozzle internal structure enclosed by the nozzle housing in turn determining the nozzle type functionally, both the nozzle housing and the nozzle inner structure being made of the same material. The nozzle housing on one hand and on the other the nozzle inner structure (nozzle inset) are separate integral parts, and the nozzle inset is force-fitted in undetachable manner into the nozzle housing. Such separate manufacture of the nozzle housing on one hand and on the other the nozzle inset determining the nozzle inner geometry (functional geometry) allows improving applicability and storage costs while simultaneously lowering the manufacturing and storage costs of said nozzle.

Abstract: A two-fluid nozzle for atomizing a liquid with a gas in which at least two conduits, a central and annular conduit, converge in an internal mixing zone for the liquid and gas, in which the nozzle has a central discharge orifice having a shoulder at its upstream end, and a two-piece, thermally resistant metal alloy heat shield for the central discharge orifice which the heat shield includes a retaining ring and an outwardly flaring liner for the outlet connected so that the retaining ring bears against the central outlet shoulder and is held in place by the flared construction at its downstream end, preferably the liner has heat conductive flexible packing disposed between its outside surface and the discharge orifice. The central discharge orifice may open into a protective cap which is cylindrical at one end and rounds out to an elliptical end surface.

Abstract: A gun for dynamic mixing and discharging of a chemical mixture, such as a sealant, includes a mixing chamber with a motor-driven spindle mounted for rotation within the mixing chamber and a discharge outlet from the mixing chamber. A disposable mixing chamber liner is insertable within the mixing chamber and sealingly engageable with the gun. A disposable mixing paddle is releasably engageable with the spindle for rotation within the mixing chamber.

Abstract: An eyeball assembly for use in an eyeball fitting. The eyeball assembly includes a passage for allowing water flow therethrough, and the passage is adapted to accept an insert for adjusting the discharge orifice of the eyeball or governing the direction of discharge therefrom. Various inserts are adapted for placement within the eyeball passage. The eyeball passage is configured so as to provide an area of minimum transverse dimension, and the inserts are configured so as to provide an end which has a transverse dimension slightly greater than the minimum eyeball passage dimension. The inserts are adapted to be engaged within the eyeball passage by means of a push-on force substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the eyeball passage, causing the inserts to "snap" within the eyeball passage to provide a secure engagement therebetween. The inserts are difficult to remove by manual force, but, with the aid of a tool, can be removed from the eyeball for replacement or interchangeability.

Abstract: The Assembly comprises a centrally-bored nozzle, a centrally-bored nozzle body, a centrally-bored jet orifice element, and an orifice element-supporting cylinder, the four being in substantially collinear alignment along a longitudinal axis. The cylinder is disposed in the central bore of the body, and it too has a fluid-accommodating passage formed centrally therethrough, as well as a recess in one end in which to nest the orifice element. The cylinder has a straight shank portion which projects into a void in the nozzle body subsisting between the element and the nozzle. Adjustment screws, in penetration of the nozzle body, are arrayed about the shank portion for manipulation to adjust the attitude of the shank portion relative to the longitudinal axis and, thereby, correctively align the element with the nozzle.

Abstract: A nozzle for discharging flowable material comprises a nozzle body formed with an inlet passageway adapted to connect to a source of flowable material and a smaller diameter outlet passageway which is coaxial with and intersects the inlet passageway forming a shoulder therebetween. An annular recess is formed in the shoulder concentric to the outlet passageway. A tubular-shaped insert carried within the outlet passageway extends at least partially into the inlet passageway, and is formed with a throughbore having an angled inlet end within the inlet passageway of the nozzle body and a discharge end within the outlet passageway. A portion of the flowable material from a stream transmitted into the inlet passageway enters the recess and is rotated in the direction of flow of the material through the nozzle.

Abstract: In accordance with an illustrative embodiment of the present invention disclosed herein, a liquid propelled blast nozzle apparatus includes a body having first and second bores which receive, respectively, a pressurized flow of sand particles and a high pressure and high velocity flow of propulsion fluid, a nozzle assembly on the body having a third bore for directing a blast of liquid propelled sand particles onto a surface to be cleaned, the respective bores defining axes which intersect one another within the bore of the nozzle assembly, the axis of the first bore intersecting the axis of the third bore at an angle of about 31/2.degree., and the axis of the first bore intersecting the axis of the second bore at an angle of about 71/2.degree.. The first and third bores preferably are lined with a suitable wear and erosion resistant material such as tungsten carbide.

Abstract: An improved nozzle retention system in an earth boring bit of the rolling cutter type using a pliable coating bonded to a nozzle retention snap ring in a manner to permit normal seating of the snap ring by bonding the coating only to the inner periphery and portion of a lower surface of the snap ring. The coating material disclosed is elastomeric, including nitrile rubber.

Abstract: A nozzle assembly for use with fluid jet cutting systems is disclosed which yields a lower profile, lower mass nozzle assembly, and which permits "finger-tight" assembly of the nozzle.Briefly, the assembly includes a nozzle housing, a generally tubular closure member (20) having a fluid-accommodating passageway, a collar (36) for positioning a jet-forming orifice (42) with respect to the passageway, and a sealing ring (38) retained to the tubular member by the collar to provide a high pressure seal between the tubular member and the nozzle housing.

Abstract: A gas burner comprises a ceramic tube through which a gaseous fuel flows, a chamber surrounding the ceramic tube, and means for delivering preheated combustion air to the chamber. There is a venturi around the tip of the ceramic tube, angled with respect to the tube, through which the preheated combustion air flows. The venturi enhances mixing of the air with the gaseous fuel forward of the tip of the ceramic tube.

Abstract: An augmentor liner support band is formed having finger positioners for connecting the support band to an augmentor liner; the support band being formed of three built-up ribbons, or strips, or sheet metal, one inner ribbon having spaced fingers extending therefrom; a second and middle ribbon being corrugated; and a third plain outer ribbon extending around the corrugated ribbon forming a rigid band. The inner ribbon is circumferentially spaced from an augmentor liner while the free ends of the extending fingers are attached to an axially spaced part of the augmentor liner.

Abstract: A fuel nozzle for a gas turbine engine is constructed with two major castings where one is the support and the other is the head, both welded together adjacent the fuel orifice plate. The fuel passage is cast into the support providing a smooth radius from the radial to axial flow path and a smooth transition from the circular to the annular cross section. This configuration allows dimension control over the filming lip and other critical dimensions of the nozzle.

Abstract: A container (3) having a pouring section (1) is outlined, the pouring channel (6) of which makes optimum pouring action possible. The pouring section (1) consists of a portion (8), which is formed on the container (3), having a section (10) of the pouring channel (6) facing the interior space (9) and a widened part (11), which borders thereon. An internal portion (12) having the other section (13) of the pouring channel (6), which portion may be inserted into the widened part (11) preferably in a liquid-tight manner. The internal portion (12) can be glued, welded or snapped into the widened part (11).

Abstract: A filling machine for packaging divided solid material having a conduit for feeding the material under pressure into a packaging container, wherein an elastic liner is disposed in and extends along a part of the length of the conduit, has its opposite ends secured to the conduit, and cooperates with the inner surface of the conduit to form a cavity. The conduit is formed with a vent opening to the cavity to permit outward expansion of the liner when material is flowing through the conduit and inward contraction of the liner when there is no flow through the conduit, thereby flexing the liner to crack and break off material adhering to the inner surface of the liner.

Abstract: A detachable mixing chamber is constructed and arranged to receive a plurality of fluid components from a source thereof for forming a fluid such as a foam to be discharged therefrom. The chamber includes a core having a bore therein and a plurality of inlet openings arranged in communication with the bore for supplying the fluid components from such source to the bore and means for maintaining the core under a restraining force in an axial and radial direction. The chamber is removably secured to a dispensing apparatus in a manner to be accessible from the outside thereof for detachment therefrom.

Abstract: An angular blasting nozzle having a replaceable section that substantially exclusively intercepts and turns abrasive flow from an inlet flow path to an obtuse outlet flow path. The nozzle is conveniently formed of a pair of mating, rectangular, prismatic sections which are well suited for fabrication from long-wearing materials such as tungsten carbide.

Abstract: An electromagnetically actuatable valve which serves to control a flow of fluid. The valve includes a valve housing and a core of ferromagnetic material, as well as an armature which actuates a valve element cooperating with a fixed valve seat. When the magnetic coil is excited, the armature is attracted toward a stop face on the valve housing and is in contact there with an effective zone on the armature. The armature and the valve housing are formed of low-carbon steel, and both the stop face and at least the outer effective zone of the armature are provided with wear-resistant surfaces. The wear-resistant surfaces may be attained by nickel plating or by nitration.

Abstract: An improved nozzle tip (10) for a burner on a pulverized coal-fired furnace for receiving a stream of pulverized coal and air discharging from the coal delivery pipe (50) of the burner and directing the pulverized fuel and air stream into the furnace, is comprised of a base body (20), a replaceable highly abrasion resistant insert (30), and a replaceable highly temperature resistant end cap (40) which is readily attachable by mechanical means (28, 48) to the base body with the abrasion resistant insert disposed therein. The insert defines a highly abrasion resistant flow conduit through the nozzle tip from the discharge end of the base body to the receiving end of the end cap through which the pulverized fuel and air stream passes from the burner into the furnace.

Abstract: In a reactor for gasification of solid carbonaceous materials in a fluidized bed under elevated pressure and at high temperatures using a hot gasification agent, a feed device for the gasification agent is installed in the lower part of the reactor chamber and traverses this chamber in the form of a bridge, which has an arch joined to the walls of the reactor chamber, said arch consisting of refractory brick and supporting a section of metal pipe. The latter is shielded from the outside by the arch and by a top-mounted structure of refractory material. On the inside, the metal pipe is also provided with a tubular lining of refractory material. Metal pipe, lining, and arch have openings for passage of the gasification agent. The size and shape of the openings are selected to assure passage of the gasification agent even if the parts undergo changes in length as a result of the effects of temperature.

Abstract: An injector for a high temperature gas distribution means comprising a distribution manifold having a heat-resistant lining with a central passage therethrough, and a refractory-lined injector communicating with the distribution manifold. The injector includes a nozzle disposed external to the manifold having a central opening and an inlet extending from the nozzle to the central passage. The cross-sectional area of the central opening in the nozzle in the direction of flow is smaller at least at one point than that of the inlet such that a major portion of the pressure drop in the gas flowing from the central passage through the inlet and the nozzle is created by the nozzle. By disposing the nozzle external to the distribution manifold, the flow rate of gas through cracks in the heat resistant manifold lining is minimized.

Abstract: An adiabatic expansion orifice assembly for substantially instantaneously passing a coal slurry from a high pressure region to a low pressure region and a corresponding process are disclosed. The orifice assembly includes a housing having an exit end wall and a passageway through the housing. The passageway terminates in a substantially cylindrical portion or opening adjacent the exit end wall. The effective dimensions of the opening provide a flow rate whereby the slurry passes from the high pressure region through the opening to the low pressure region in less than a predetermined period of time, most preferably less than approximately 0.3 microseconds.The corresponding process involves passing a coal slurry through an orifice in less than the predetermined period of time. This process provides substantially instantaneous transition from a high pressure region to a low pressure region.

Abstract: A spray nozzle arrangement is provided for high pressure cleaning apparatus with an outlet nozzle of circular cross-section. A deforming member is arranged downstream of the nozzle and comprises two swing elements having substantially planar faces. The swing elements pivot about a rotary axis perpendicular to the jet. Thus, the two faces can be inclined symmetrically relative to the jet axis so that the region of the faces remote from the outlet nozzle enter the round jet, resulting in a fan-shaped jet.

Abstract: A transducer assembly includes a first half wavelength double-dummy section having a pair of quarter wavelength ultrasonic horns and a driving element sandwiched therebetween. A second half wavelength stepped amplifying section extends from one end of the first section and has a theoretical resonant frequency equal to the actual resonant frequency of the first section. When used as a liquid atomizer, the small diameter portion of the stepped amplifying section has a flanged tip to provide an atomizing surface of increased area. To maintain efficiency, the length of the small diameter portion of the second section with a flange should be less than its length without a flange. A decoupling sleeve within an axial liquid passageway eliminates premature atomization of the liquid before reaching the atomizing surface. In a fuel burner incorporating the atomizer, ignition electrode life is increased by locating the electrodes outside the normal flame envelope.

Abstract: This invention provides an improved jet pump having a Venturi chamber defined by a coating of a ceramic or alloy material that is highly resistant to both stress and erosion. The coating is applied by the chemical vapor technique upon a heated substrate of graphite. The graphite is then removed to conform in configuration to that of the coating and reduce the graphite substrate to a thickness of less than 0.010 inches. A mass of low melting, high elastic modulus material is then cast around the graphite substrate with the coating adhered thereto to define an exterior cylindrical configuration. The cylindrical mass is then encased by heat shrinking within a jacket of steel or other similar low modulus, high tensile strength material so as to produce a significant compressive force in the coating.

Abstract: A fire-protection sprinkler head having a base from which fire-retardant fluid emerges in a stream, a deflector plate spaced from the base for deflecting the stream into a spray pattern, and a throat in the base with a noncircular cross section selected to vary the shape of the stream and thereby vary the spray pattern.

Abstract: A nozzle comprising an elastic member molded in a conduit having oppositely disposed threads at opposite ends. The elastic member embeds all of the threads at the down stream end, a portion of the threads at the up stream end and extends out of the down stream end defining a discharge end. An aperture extends through the elastic member and is conical shaped at the discharge end thereof.

Abstract: A method for extracting an underground mineral such as coal, which avoids the need for sending personnel underground and which enables the mining of steeply pitched seams of the mineral. The method includes the use of a narrow vehicle which moves underground along the mineral seam and which is connected by pipes or hoses to water pumps at the surface of the earth. The vehicle hydraulically drills pilot holes during its entrances into the seam, and then directs sideward jets at the seam during its withdrawal from each pilot hole to comminute the mineral surrounding the pilot hole and combine it with water into a slurry, so that the slurried mineral can flow down to a location where a pump raises the slurry to the surface.

Abstract: Spraying of materials, which prior to the spraying operation have been mixed from two airborn material flows in a spray nozzle, results in a high wastage rate. It has now been found that this wastage can be highly reduced, if in an appropriate apparatus one of the material flows is restricted, whereas the other material flow is allowed to expand when introduced axially into and mainly in the center of the first restricted flow of material, the second expanding flow of material thereby further being used to create by ejector effect a suction acting upon the restricted flow of material.

Abstract: Water at a very high pressure (e.g. fifty thousand psi) is directed through a nozzle orifice to produce a coherent high velocity water jet particularly adapted for cutting. Prior to pressurizing the water and directing it through the nozzle, the water is treated to remove dissolved solids, desirably to an extremely low level to provide very pure water (e.g. where the total dissolved solids are as little as ten parts per million or lower). This is done by directing the water through several ion exchange reactions to precipitate the solids which are then removed by filtering. The operating life of the nozzle is greatly extended by this process.

Abstract: A gas distributor for distributing high temperature reaction gases to a fluidized bed of coal particles in a coal gasification process. The distributor includes a pipe with a refractory reinforced lining and a plurality of openings in the lining through which gas is fed into the bed. These feed openings have an expanding tapered shape in the downstream or exhaust direction which aids in reducing the velocity of the gas jets as they enter the bed.

Abstract: A spray nozzle having a brass housing and a urethane insert that is relatively resistant to wear by contact with the flow of irrigation water. The insert protects the more costly housing from erosion and is easily replaced if it becomes worn or if it is necessary to change the spray pattern. The housing can form a sleeve in which the insert is slidably received so that the housing is completely insulated from contact with the water flow. In one embodiment, the insert forms a concave deflector having ridges on a surface impinged by the water so that the spray emitted consists of discrete streams for greater distance and wind resistance. The water is emitted toward the deflector through an oblong orifice for more uniform lateral water distribution.

Abstract: An atomizer wheel comprising an annular chamber provided with a number of conical outlet holes lined with bushings extending a distance into the chamber.