Abstract: [Summary] A positive electrode active material is provided to contain: a solid solution lithium-containing transition metal oxide (A) represented by Li1.5[NiaCobMnc[Li]d]O3 (where a, b, c and d satisfy the relations of 0.1?d?0.4, a+b+c+d=1.5, and 1.1?a+b+c?1.4.); and a lithium-containing transition metal oxide (B) represented by Li1.0Nia?Cob?Mnc?O2 (where a?, b? and c? satisfy the relation of a?+b?+c?=1.0.).

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for making an electrode composite material. In the method, a trivalent aluminum source, a doped element source, and electrode active material particles are provided. The trivalent aluminum source and the doped element source are dissolved in a solvent to form a solution having trivalent aluminum ions and doped ions. The electrode active material particles are mixed with the solution having the trivalent aluminum ions and doped ions to form a mixture. A phosphate radical containing solution is added to the mixture to react with the trivalent aluminum ions and doped ions, thereby forming a number of electrode composite material particles. The electrode composite material particles are heated.

Abstract: An active material for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes first particles and second particles provided to coat the first particles so as to be scattered on the surfaces of the first particles. The circularity of the first particles coated with the second particles is 0.800 to 0.950, and the ratio r1/r2 of the average particle diameter r1 of the second particles to the average particle diameter r2 of the first particles is 1/20 to 1/2.

Abstract: To provide a power storage device including an electrode material having a large capacity. First heat treatment is performed on a mixture of a compound containing lithium; a compound containing a metal element selected from manganese, iron, cobalt, and nickel; and a compound containing phosphorus. A cleaning step is performed on the mixture subjected to the first heat treatment. Second heat treatment is performed on the mixture subjected to the cleaning step, so that a lithium phosphate compound is produced. With the use of the lithium phosphate compound, an electrode is formed.

Abstract: Aromatic compounds having a perfluoroalkyl group and a gelling agent for gelling an organic liquid which is composed of any one of them. This gelling agent can gel many kinds of organic liquids by adding a small amount thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a precursor for preparing a lithium composite transition metal oxide. More particularly, a transition metal precursor, including a composite transition metal compound represented by Formula 1 below, used to prepare a lithium transition metal oxide: NiaMbMn1?(a+b)(O1?x)2??(1) wherein M is at least one selected form the group consisting of Ti, Co, Al, Cu, Fe, Mg, B, Cr, Zr, Zn and Period II transition metals; and 0.2?a?0.25, 0?b?0.1, and 0<x<0.5.

Abstract: Provided is an anode active material including a transition metal-pyrophosphate of Chemical Formula 1 below: M2P2O7??<Chemical Formula 1> where M is any one selected from the group consisting of titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), ruthenium (Ru), palladium (Pd), and silver (Ag), or two or more elements thereof. Since the anode active material of the present invention is stable and has excellent conversion reactivity while including only transition metal and phosphate without using lithium in which the price thereof is continuously increased, the anode active material of the present invention may improve capacity characteristics.

Abstract: Provided is an anode active material including a transition metal-metaphosphate of Chemical Formula 1: M(PO3)2??<Chemical Formula 1> where M is any one selected from the group consisting of titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), ruthenium (Ru), palladium (Pd), and silver (Ag), or two or more elements thereof. Since the anode active material of the present invention is stable and has excellent conversion reactivity while including only transition metal and phosphate without using lithium in which the price thereof is continuously increased, the anode active material of the present invention may improve capacity characteristics.

Abstract: Provided is a lithium transition metal oxide having an ?-NaFeO2 layered crystal structure, as a cathode active material for lithium secondary battery, wherein the transition metal includes a blend of Ni and Mn, an average oxidation number of the transition metals except lithium is +3 or higher, and the lithium transition metal oxide satisfies Equations 1 and 2: 1.0<m(Ni)/m(Mn)??(1) m(Ni2+)/m(Mn4+)<1??(2) wherein m(Ni)/m(Mn) represents a molar ratio of nickel to manganese and m (Ni2+)/m (Mn4+) represents a molar ratio of Ni2+ to Mn4+. The cathode active material of the present invention has a uniform and stable layered structure through control of oxidation number of transition metals to a level higher than +3, in contrast to conventional cathode active materials, thus advantageously exerting improved overall electrochemical properties including electric capacity, in particular, superior high-rate charge/discharge characteristics.

Abstract: Provided is a cathode active material having a composition represented by the following Formula I: LiFe(P1-XO4) (I) wherein a molar fraction (1?x) of phosphorus (P) is in the range of 0.910 to 0.999, to allow operational efficiency of the cathode active material to be leveled to a lower operational efficiency of an anode active material and improve energy density of the cathode active material. Furthermore, a cathode active material, wherein a molar fraction (1?x) of phosphorus (P) is lower than 1, contains both Fe2+ and Fe3+, thus advantageously preventing structural deformation, improving ionic conductivity, exhibiting superior rate properties and inhibiting IR drop upon charge/discharge, thereby imparting high energy density to batteries.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes a sulfur-carbon nanotube composite comprising a sheet of carbon nanotubes and sulfur nucleated upon the carbon nanotubes, and methods for synthesizing the same. In some embodiments, the sulfur-carbon composite may further be binder-free and include a sheet of carbon nanotubes, rendering a binder and a current collector unnecessary. In other embodiments of the present disclosure, a cathode comprising the sulfur-carbon nanotube composite is disclosed. In additional embodiments of the present disclosure, batteries may include the cathodes described herein. Those batteries may achieve high rate capabilities.

Abstract: Provided is a process for preparing an electrode comprising an iron active material. The process comprises first fabricating an electrode comprising an iron active material, and then treating the surface of the electrode with an oxidant to thereby create an oxidized surface. The resulting iron electrode is preconditioned prior to any charge-discharge cycle to have the assessable surface of the iron active material in the same oxidation state as in discharged iron negative electrodes active material.

Abstract: Provided are a method of manufacturing a lithium nickel complex oxide including mixing a nickel-containing mixed transition metal precursor, a lithium compound, and a polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene (PVdF-HFP) copolymer, and heat treating the mixture, a lithium nickel complex oxide manufactured thereby, and a cathode active material including the lithium nickel complex oxide. The method of manufacturing a lithium nickel complex oxide according to an embodiment of the present invention may adjust a ratio of divalent nickel (NiII) to trivalent nickel (NiIII) by using a polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene (PVdF-HFP) copolymer, and thus, the method may improve capacity of a secondary battery.

Abstract: An electrode-active material, a lithium-ion battery, and a method for detecting a discharge state of an electrode-active material that make it possible to realize high load characteristics, high cycle characteristics, and high energy density, have a high degree of safety and stability, and make it possible to easily detect the state of a late stage of discharge are disclosed. The electrode-active material is obtained by coating the surface of a particle containing LiwAxDO4 with a coating layer containing LiyEzGO4. In a discharge curve of the electrode-active material, a second region which follows a first region showing a substantially constant discharge potential and shows a drop in a discharge potential includes a third region in which a rate of change in a discharge potential is lower than an average rate of change in a discharge potential of the second region.

Abstract: Provided is a process for preparing an electrode comprising an iron active material. The process comprises first fabricating an electrode comprising an iron active material, and then treating the surface of the electrode with an oxidant solution to thereby create an oxidized surface. The resulting iron electrode is thereby preconditioned prior to any charge-discharge cycle to have the assessable surface of the iron active material in the same oxidation state as in discharged iron negative electrodes active material.

Abstract: Perovskite related compound of the present invention have layered structures in which perovskite units and A-rare earth structure units are alternately arranged. The reduced cell parameters ar-cr and ?r-?r and the reduced cell volume Vr are within the following ranges: ar=6.05±0.6 ?, br=8.26±0.8 ?, cr=9.10±0.9 ?, ?r=103.4±10°, ?r=90±10°, ?r=90±10°, and Vr=442.37±67 ?3. At least one of the reduced cell parameters ar-cr can be m/n times as large as the aforementioned values, where m and n are independent natural numbers, the square roots of 2 or 3 or integral multiples thereof. Values of ar, br and cr can be replaced with one another, or values of ?r, ?r and ?r can be replaced with one another.

Abstract: (Problem) In conventional method for producing artificial graphite, in order to obtain a product having excellent crystallinity, it was necessary to mold a filler and a binder and then repeat impregnation, carbonization and graphitization, and since carbonization and graphitization proceeded by a solid phase reaction, a period of time of as long as 2 to 3 months was required for the production and cost was high and further, a large size structure in the shape of column and cylinder could not be produced. In addition, nanocarbon materials such as carbon nanotube, carbon nanofiber and carbon nanohorn could not be produced.

Abstract: Provided is a non-aqueous electrolyte-based, high-power lithium secondary battery having a long service life and superior safety at both room temperature and high temperature, even after repeated high-current charging and discharging. The battery comprises a mixture of a lithium/manganese spinel oxide having a substitution of a manganese (Mn) site with a certain metal ion and a lithium/nickel/cobalt/manganese composite oxide, as a cathode active material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to positive electrode active substance particles comprising a compound having at least a crystal system belonging to a space group of R-3m and a crystal system belonging to a space group of C2/m, the positive electrode active substance particles having a specific intensity ratio; a content of Mn in the positive electrode active substance particles being controlled such that a molar ratio of Mn/(Ni+Co+Mn) therein is not less than 0.55; and the positive electrode active substance particles comprising an element A (that is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Si, Zr and Y) in an amount of 0.03 to 5% by weight and having a tap density of 0.8 to 2.4 g/cc and a compressed density of 2.0 to 3.1 g/cc. The positive electrode active substance particles can be produced by calcining a mixture of precursor particles comprising the element A, Mn, Ni and/or Co, and a lithium compound.

Abstract: To provide an active material having high capacity and excellent cycle characteristics. An active material has a layered crystal structure and is expressed by a compositional formula (1) LiyNiaCobMncMdOx (1), where the element M is at least one kind of element selected from the group consisting of Al, Si, Zr, Ti, Fe, Mg, Nb, Ba, and V; 1.9?(a+b+c+d+y)?2.1; 1.05?y?1.35; 0<a?0.3; 0<b?0.25; 0.3?c?0.7; 0?d?0.1; and 1.9?x?2.1, and wherein 0.69?Ni?/Ni??0.85, where Ni? is the Ni composition amount at a center portion of the active material primary particle, and Ni? is the Ni composition amount in the vicinity of a surface (in a width of 30 nm from the surface).

Abstract: Provided is a process for preparing an electrode comprising an iron active material. The process comprises first fabricating an electrode comprising an iron active material, and then treating the surface of the electrode with water to thereby create an oxidized surface. The resulting iron electrode is preconditioned prior to any charge-discharge cycle to have the assessable surface of the iron active material in the same oxidation state as in discharged iron negative electrodes active material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a positive electrode for lithium ion secondary batteries, the positive electrode comprising a positive electrode active material and a positive electrode binder, in which the positive electrode active material comprises lithium manganate having a spinel structure, and the positive electrode binder comprises at least polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and a resin having sulfone linkages, and to a lithium ion secondary battery comprising the positive electrode for lithium ion secondary batteries.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a negative electrode active substance for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries comprising composite particles comprising metal particles, and a thermosetting resin or a carbonized product of the thermosetting resin, the composite particles having an average particle diameter of 5 to 100 ?m; and a lithium ion secondary battery using the negative electrode active substance for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries. The lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention is a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery that is prevented from suffering from volume expansion owing to occlusion of Li therein.

Abstract: A method is employed for producing a positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery that comprises mixing lithium phosphate having a particle diameter D90 of 100 ?m or less, an M element-containing compound having a particle diameter D90 of 100 ?m or less (where, M is one type or two or more types of elements selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, Ni, Co, Zn, Ge, Cu, Cr, Ti, Sr, Ba, Sc, Y, Al, Ga, In, Si, B and rare earth elements) and water, adjusting the concentration of the M element with respect to water to 4 moles/L or more to obtain a raw material, and producing olivine-type LiMPO4 by carrying out hydrothermal synthesis using the raw material.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to crystalline organic polymer nanoparticles comprising a conductive organic polymer; wherein the crystalline organic polymer nanoparticles have a size of from 10 nm to 200 nm and exhibits two current-voltage states: (1) a high resistance current-voltage state, and (2) a low resistance current-voltage state, wherein when a first positive threshold voltage (Vth1) or higher positive voltage, or a second negative threshold voltage (Vth2) or higher negative voltage is applied to the nanoparticle, the nanoparticle exhibits the low-resistance current-voltage state, and when a voltage less positive than the first positive threshold voltage or a voltage less negative than the second negative threshold voltage is applied to the nanoparticle, the nanoparticle exhibits the high-resistance current-voltage state. The present invention is also directed methods of manufacturing the nanoparticles using novel interfacial oxidative polymerization techniques.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed at an electrode and methods for forming such electrode for a battery wherein the electrode comprises silicon clathrate. The silicon clathrate may include silicon clathrate Si46 containing an arrangement of 20-atom and 24-atom cages fused together through 5 atom pentagonal rings and/or silicon clathrate Si34 containing an arrangement of 20-atom and 28-atom cages fused together through 5 atom pentagonal rings. The silicon clathrate may be present as particles having a largest linear dimension in the range of 0.1 ?m to 100.0 ?m.

Abstract: A solid-state (non-organic) high-power and high-energy-density cathode that is mechanically, thermally, and ionically robust.

Abstract: An electrode active material including a vanadium oxide represented by Formula 1, VOx??Formula 1 wherein vanadium in the vanadium oxide has a mixed oxidation state of a plurality of oxidation numbers, and the oxidation numbers include an oxidation number of +3, and wherein, in Formula 1 above, 1.5<x<2.5.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cathode active material in which lithium cobalt oxide particles and manganese (Mn) or titanium (Ti)-containing lithium transition metal oxide particles co-exist and a method of preparing the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of preparing a cathode active material precursor for a lithium rechargeable battery, the cathode active material precursor for the lithium rechargeable battery prepared thereby, and a cathode active material formed using the cathode active material precursor. According to the present invention, the method of preparing a cathode active material precursor for a lithium secondary battery controls the concentration of a concentration gradient part and a shell part in a precursor to obtain a desired concentration of a transition metal in the shell part. As a result, a metal composition is distributed in a continuous concentration gradient from the interface between the core part and the shell part to the surface of the cathode active material, thereby a cathode active material with excellent thermal stability.

Abstract: A negative active material, a negative electrode and a lithium battery including the same, and a method of manufacturing the negative active material are disclosed. The negative active material includes a silicon-based alloy including Si, Al, and Cu. Since the silicon-based alloy includes AlCu and Al2Cu as inactive phases, the lifespan of a lithium battery may be increased.

Abstract: Nanoporous metal oxide framework compositions useful as anodic materials in a lithium ion battery, the composition comprising metal oxide nanocrystals interconnected in a nanoporous framework and having interconnected channels, wherein the metal in said metal oxide comprises titanium and at least one metal selected from niobium and tantalum, e.g., TiNb2-x TaxOy (wherein x is a value from 0 to 2, and y is a value from 7 to 10) and Ti2Nb10-vTavOw (wherein v is a value from 0 to 2, and w is a value from 27 to 29). A novel sol gel method is also described in which sol gel reactive precursors are combined with a templating agent under sol gel reaction conditions to produce a hybrid precursor, and the precursor calcined to form the anodic composition. The invention is also directed to lithium ion batteries in which the nanoporous framework material is incorporated in an anode of the battery.

Abstract: To provide a cathode active material for a lithium ion secondary battery, which has high packing properties and high volume capacity density, and a method for its production.

Abstract: Provided is a cathode mix for lithium secondary batteries, comprising a cathode active material having a composition represented by the following Formula I: LiFe(P1-XO4) (I) wherein a molar fraction (1?x) of phosphorus (P) is in the range of 0.910 to 0.999, to allow operational efficiency of the cathode active material to be leveled to a lower operational efficiency of an anode active material and improve energy density of the cathode active material. The cathode mix maximizes operational efficiency of batteries, minimizes electrode waste and thus reduces manufacturing costs of batteries. Furthermore, The cathode active material, wherein a molar fraction (1?x) of phosphorus (P) is lower than 1, according to the present invention contains both Fe2+ and Fe3+, thus advantageously causing no structural deformation, improving ionic conductivity, exhibiting superior rate properties, inhibiting IR drop upon charge/discharge, thereby imparting high energy density to batteries.

Abstract: A lithium iron phosphate hierarchical structure includes a plurality of lithium iron phosphate nano sheets and has an overall spherical-shaped structure. The overall spherical-shaped structure is constructed by a plurality of lithium iron phosphate nano sheets layered together. A method for making a lithium iron phosphate hierarchical structure includes several steps. In the method, a lithium ion contained liquid solution, a ferrous ion contained liquid solution, and a phosphate ion contained liquid solution are respectively provided. A concentration of lithium ions in the lithium ion contained liquid solution is equal to or larger than 1.8 mol/L. The lithium ion contained liquid solution, the ferrous ion contained liquid solution, and the phosphate ion contained liquid solution are mixed to form a liquid mixture. The liquid mixture is heated in a sealed reactor to form the lithium iron phosphate hierarchical structure.

Abstract: Provided are a binder composition which has high electrolyte resistance characteristics, and a secondary battery which uses a positive electrode using the binder composition for high-temperature cycle characteristics. [Solution] The binder composition for the secondary battery positive electrode according to the present invention contains a polymerized unit which contains a nitrile group; a polymerized unit of (meth) acrylic acid ester; a polymerized unit which contains a hydrophilic group; and a polymerized unit of linear alkylene having a carbon number of at least four. In a mixed solvent in which a volume ratio EC:DEC between ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) at 20° C. is 1:2, a degree of swelling with respect to an electrolyte in which LiPF6 is dissolved to have a concentration of 1.0 mol/L is between 100% and 500%.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a production process for an electrode material, an electrode and an electric storage device, and the production process for an electrode material comprises a step of heating a polymer having a silicon-containing unit and a silicon-non-containing unit.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a 3V class spinel oxide with improved high-rate characteristics which has the composition Li1+x[MyMn(2?y)]O4?zSz (0?x?0.1, 0.01?y?0.5, 0.01?z?0.5, and M is Mn, Ni or Mg). Further disclosed is a method for preparing the 3V class spinel oxide by carbonate coprecipitation of starting materials, addition of sulfur, followed by calcining. The 3V class spinel oxide is spherical and has a uniform size distribution. A lithium secondary battery including the 3V class spinel oxide has a constant plateau at a potential of 3V and shows superior cycle characteristics.

Abstract: Described are binder precursor compositions for cathodes containing polyamic acid which has a anhydride to amine ratio of greater than or equal to 0.985:1 to less than or equal to 1.10:1. These compositions are useful as cathodes in electrochemical cells, such as lithium ion batteries. Also described are electrodes comprising the binder precursor compositions and methods to prepare the electrodes.

Abstract: A composition, comprising: a composite including (i) a carbon fluoride component comprising a CFx material, wherein x?1, and having a first electrochemical property, and (ii) a carbonaceous material component having a second electrochemical property. The carbon fluoride component is 70 wt % to 99 wt % based on a total weight of the composite. The carbonaceous material component is 1 wt % to 30 wt % based on the total weight of the composite. The composite is adapted to react with energy applied thereto, and wherein, upon such reaction, the composite provides a third electrochemical property that is higher than the first electrochemical property, higher than the second electrochemical property, and higher than a combination of the first and second electrochemical properties.

Abstract: A secondary battery negative electrode composite particle including a negative electrode active material and a particulate polymer, wherein the particulate polymer include 10% by weight to 60% by weight of a (meth)acrylonitrile monomer unit and 35% by weight to 85% by weight of an aliphatic conjugated diene monomer unit; and a residual amount of an organic compound having an unsaturated bond and a boiling point of 150° C. to 300° C. is 500 ppm or less as a ratio relative to an amount of the particulate polymer.

Abstract: A negative active material for a secondary battery that provides high capacity, high efficiency charging and discharging characteristics includes: a silicon single phase; and a silicon-metal alloy phase by which the silicon single phase is bounded, wherein the negative active material comprises 5 to 30 wt % of nickel, 5 to 30 wt % of titanium, and 40 to 90 wt % of silicon, the negative active material has a first peak of the silicon-metal alloy phase in an X-ray diffraction analysis spectrum, the silicon single phase is finely distributed in the silicon-metal single phase by mechanical alloying, and the first peak resulting from the (501) surface of the silicon-metal alloy phase has a greater value than the first peak resulting from the (501) surface of the silicon-metal alloy phase that is not subjected to the mechanical alloying, by 0.6° to 0.9°.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a 3V class spinel oxide with improved high-rate characteristics which has the composition Li1+x[MyMn(2?y)]O4?zSz (0?x?0.1, 0.01?y?0.5, 0.01?z?0.5, and M is Mn, Ni or Mg). Further disclosed is a method for preparing the 3V class spinel oxide by carbonate coprecipitation of starting materials, addition of sulfur, followed by calcining. The 3V class spinel oxide is spherical and has a uniform size distribution. A lithium secondary battery including the 3V class spinel oxide has a constant plateau at a potential of 3V and shows superior cycle characteristics.

Abstract: The present invention relates to electrode materials for electrical cells, containing, as component (A), at least one polymer including polymer chains formed from identical or different monomer units selected from substituted and unsubstituted vinyl units and substituted and unsubstituted C2-C10-alkylene glycol units and containing at least one monomer unit -M1- including at least one thiolate group —S? or at least one end of a disulfide or polysulfide bridge —(S)m— in which m is an integer from 2 to 8, the thiolate group or the one end of the disulfide or polysulfide bridge —(S)m— in each case being bonded directly to a carbon atom of the monomer unit -M1-, and, as component (B), carbon in a polymorph containing at least 60% sp2-hybridized carbon atoms. The present invention also relates to electrical cells containing the inventive electrode material, to specific polymers, to processes for preparation, and to uses of the inventive cells.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, there is provided a active material for a battery including a complex oxide containing niobium and titanium. A ratio MNb/MTi of a mole of niobium MNb to a mole of titanium MTi in the active material satisfies either the following equation (I) or (II). 0.

Abstract: To provide a binder for a storage battery device whereby favorable adhesion is obtainable and swelling by an electrolytic solution can favorably be suppressed. A binder for a storage battery device, which is made of a fluorinated copolymer comprising structural units (A), structural units (B) and structural units (C), wherein the molar ratio of the structural units (C) to the total of all the structural units excluding the structural units (C) is from 0.01/100 to 3/100: structural units (A): structural units derived from a monomer selected from the group consisting of tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, vinylidene fluoride and chlorotrifluoroethylene; structural units (B): structural units derived from ethylene or propylene; and structural units (C): structural units derived from a C5-30 organic compound having at least two double bonds and at least one of the double bonds being a double bond of a vinyl ether group or a double bond of a vinyl ester group.

Abstract: A composite precursor represented by Formula 1, a composite prepared therefrom represented by Formula 2, a method of preparing a composite precursor and a composite, a positive electrode for lithium secondary battery including the same, and a lithium secondary battery employing the same. aMn3O4-bM(OH)2??Formula 1 wherein in Formula 1, 0<a?0.8, 0.2?b<1 and M is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron, (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), zirconium (Zr), and boron (B) aLi2MnO3-bLiyMO2??Formula 2 wherein in Formula 2, 0?a?0.6, 0.4?b?1 1.0?y?1.05, and M is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Al, Mg, Zr, and B.

Abstract: The present invention relates to, inter alia, gyroidal mesoporous carbon materials and methods of use and manufacture thereof. In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a mesoporous carbon composition comprising a gyroidal mesoporous carbon having an ordered gyroidal structure and mesopores having a pore size of greater than 2 nanometers (nm) in diameter, and more particularly greater than 11 nm in diameter.

Abstract: A composition comprising a first particulate electroactive material, a particulate graphite material and a binder, wherein at least 50% of the total volume of each said particulate materials is made up of particles having a particle size D50 and wherein a ratio of electroactive material D50 particle size:graphite D50 particle size is up to 4.5:1.

Abstract: An electronically active glass has the composition (TxOy)z-(MuOv)w—(Na/LiBO2)t wherein T is a transition metal selected from V and Mo, M is a metal selected from Ni, Co, Na, Al, Mn, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ti and mixtures thereof, x, y, u, and v are the stoichiometric coefficients resulting in a neutral compound, i.e. x=2y/(oxidation state of T) and u=2v/(oxidation state of M), z, w and t are weight-%, wherein z is 70-80, w is 0-20 t is 10-30, and the sum of z, w and t is 100 weight-%, in particular V2O5—LiBO2 and V2O5—NiO—LiBO2.