Abstract: Incandescent lamps or arc lamps having an infrared red reflecting multilayer optical interference filter on the outer surface of the vitreous or fused quartz lamp envelope enclosing the filament have a light-scattering coating applied over the filter to scatter light emitted by the lamp and thereby diffuse the filament image. The light-scattering coating consists of light-scattering particles, such as alumina, dispersed in a silica matrix. This coating is formed by applying to the filter a silicone solution in which is dispersed colloidal silica and light-scattering particles and pyrolyzing at high temperature to drive off the organic components and form the silica matrix.

Abstract: Alkali metal quaternary chalcogenides and process for the preparation. The chalcogenides have the formula A.sub.x B.sub.y C.sub.z D.sub.n containing (CD.sub.4).sup.4- or (C.sub.2 D.sub.6).sup.4- ions where A is selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal and a mixture of alkali metals, B is selected from the group consisting of mercury, zinc and manganese, C is a metal selected from the group consisting of germanium and tin and D is selected from the group consisting of sulfur and selenium, wherein x, y, z and n are molar amounts which provide non-linear optical transmission properties. These chalcogenides are useful as non-linear optical transmission crystals.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of momodisperse, non-porous, spherical particles based on SiO.sub.2, TiO.sub.2, ZrO.sub.2, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, V.sub.2 O.sub.5, Nb.sub.2 O.sub.5 or mixed systems thereof, which are optionally modified on the surface by covalently bonded organic groups, as fillers in organic matrix materials, the refractive index of the particles being adapted to the refractive index of the organic matrix according to the use.Polymeric or polymerizable systems which comprise these particles can be used, for example, as embedding compositions for optical, electro-optical and optoelectronic components. Such embedding compositions show an improved optical homogeneity. Light-emitting diodes produced with them are distinguished, inter alia, by an improved light yield.

Abstract: Photorefractive crystals having the formula K.sub.1-y Li.sub.y Ta.sub.1-x Nb.sub.x O.sub.3 wherein x is between 0 and 1 and y is between 0.0001 and 0.15. The crystals are useful as a photorefractive material for use in optical systems. The crystals may be doped with various first transition elements and lanthanides including copper, vanadium, chromium, iron, and manganese, nickel, europium and cerium.

Abstract: Alkali metal quaternary chalcogenides and process for the preparation. The chalcogenides have the formula A.sub.x B.sub.y C.sub.z D.sub.n containing (CD.sub.4).sup.4- or (C.sub.2 D.sub.6).sup.4- ions where A is selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal and a mixture of alkali metals, B is selected from the group consisting of mercury, zinc and manganese, C is a metal selected from the group consisting of germanium and tin and D is selected from the group consisting of sulfur and selenium, wherein x, y, z and n are molar amounts which provide non-linear optical transmission properties. These chalcogenides are useful as non-linear optical transmission crystals.

Abstract: A method and associated structures are disclosed for locating a laser beam that has a wavelength outside of the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. The method comprises positioning a sample of a polycrystalline nonlinear frequency converting compound generally linearly downstream from a laser source, and then detecting the emission from the polycrystalline frequency converting compound to thereby identify the position of the original laser beam. In preferred embodiments, the polycrystalline nonlinear frequency converting compound comprises KTP.

Abstract: A material made of magnetic garnet single crystals has excellent characteristics particularly in a wavelength band of from 950 to 1070 nm, which is usable for a wavelength 980 nm for pumping light of erbium doped fiber amplifier, and for a wavelength of 1017 nm for pumping light of an praseodymium doped fiber amplifier. One example of the material is made of magnetic garnet single crystals expressed by a composition formula of Nd.sub.3-x Bi.sub.x Fe.sub.5 O.sub.12 (0.5.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.1.9), the single crystals being formed by liquid-phase epitaxial growth on a non-magnetic garnet substrate having a lattice constant <a> specified in the range of 12.61 .ANG..ltoreq.a.ltoreq.12.63 .ANG.. The material is suitably used for a magneto-optical element having a wavelength band from 950 to 1070 nm. The non-magnetic garnet substrate can be made of a material having a composition formula expressed by Gd.sub.3-y Nd.sub.y Sc.sub.2 Ga.sub.3 O.sub.12 (1.0.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.1.4).

Abstract: Radiation-absorptive materials, suitable for fabrication into packages, sheets, inks, paints, decorative surface treatments, lotions, creams, and gels are disclosed. The materials exploit certain optical properties associated with uniform, spherical, nanosize particles to provide complete radiation absorption, over a selected bandwidth, at low concentration. One type of particle exhibits an "absorption edge" at a chosen wavelength, transmitting radiation whose wavelength exceeds the characteristic bandgap wavelength, while effectively absorbing all radiation with wavelengths smaller than that minimum. Another type of particle exhibits "optical resonance," which causes radiation of a characteristic wavelength to interact with the particles so as to produce self-reinforcing internal reflections that strongly enhance the amplitude of the radiation trapped within the particle.

Abstract: A Faraday rotator in which a portion of a rare-earth iron garnet single crystal film is exposed to a localized magnetic field to control hysteresis. In one embodiment, the field is applied by a permanent magnet positioned on a part of the film. As a result, it is possible to fabricate Faraday effect optical switches and magneto-optical sensors using rare-earth iron garnet films having small saturated magnetic field intensities.

Abstract: Alkali metal quaternary chalcogenides and process for the preparation. The chalcogenides have the formula A.sub.x B.sub.y C.sub.z D.sub.n containing (CD.sub.4).sup.4- or (C.sub.2 D.sub.6).sup.4- ions where A is selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal and a mixture of alkali metals, B is selected from the group consisting of mercury, zinc and manganese, C is a metal selected from the group consisting of germanium and tin and D is selected from the group consisting of sulfur and selenium, wherein x, y, z and n are molar amounts which provide non-linear optical transmission properties. These chalcogenides are useful as non-linear optical transmission crystals.

Abstract: Radiation-absorptive materials, suitable for fabrication into packages, sheets, inks, paints, decorative surface treatments, lotions, creams, and gels are disclosed. The materials exploit certain optical properties associated with uniform, spherical, nanosize particles to provide complete radiation absorption, over a selected bandwidth, at low concentration. One type of particle exhibits an "absorption edge" at a chosen wavelength, transmitting radiation whose wavelength exceeds the characteristic bandgap wavelength, while effectively absorbing all radiation with wavelengths smaller than that minimum. Another type of particle exhibits "optical resonance," which causes radiation of a characteristic wavelength to interact with the particles so as to produce self-reinforcing internal reflections that strongly enhance the amplitude of the radiation trapped within the particle.

Abstract: An electronic attenuation and camouflage device comprising a novel cooling device comprised of microspheres; an additional set of microspheres containing radar attenuating materials <RAM> capable of absorbing certain frequencies; and an additional set of microspheres containing electro-reactive substances enabling color change of a structure to match background, all comprising structures or being placed in a matrix; a structure; a machined part; a coating; or a series of matrices, structures, parts or coatings, which combined structures enable concealment of an object.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new type NLO crystal Strontium Beryllatoborate (Chemical formula Sr.sub.2 Be.sub.2 B.sub.2 O.sub.7, abbr. SBBO). The SBBO compound is synthesized by chemical reaction of solid state in high temperature sintering, Its chemical reaction equation is:2SrCO.sub.3 +2BeO+2H.sub.3 BO.sub.3 .fwdarw.Sr.sub.2 Be.sub.2 B.sub.2 O.sub.7 +2CO.sub.2 +3H.sub.2 OA flux method is applied to the growth of single crystal of Strontium Beryllatoborate, in which SrB.sub.2 O.sub.4, NaF and other fluorides were used as flux solvents. The result of measurement indicated that this compound has following structural and physical characteristics: space group: P6.sub.3 (C.sub.6.sup.6) point group: C .sub.6, unit cell: a=4.663(3) .ANG., c=15.311(7) .ANG.,z=2, V=283.3(.ANG.).sup.3.

Abstract: A near-infrared absorbing transparent resin composition prepared by melt-kneading 100 parts by weight of a transparent resin, 0.01 to 5 parts by weight of cupric sulfide and, if necessary, further 0.001 to 1 part by weight of a specific thiourea derivative and/or 0.001 to 1 part by weight of a specific amide derivative, and a molded article of a near-infrared absorbing transparent resin produced by molding the above composition into a sheet or film.

Abstract: An antireflective film, comprising a film composed of an inorganic chemical compound consisting of Mg, Si, O and F and a film composed of an inorganic chemical compound consisting of Zr, Si and O. The film shows antireflective property over a wide spectral range even with a limited number of layers. An optical element comprising a transparent body is provided with, a film formed thereon, composed of an inorganic chemical compound consisting of Zr, Si and O and a film formed as an outermost layer facing the air, composed of an inorganic chemical compound consisting of Mg, Si, O and F.

Abstract: Disclosed are a shading film formed on a transparent substrate for forming a color filter, and a shading coating for forming the shading film. The shading film is made up of particles of a material with a layered lattice structure. The maximum diameter of the particles is 3 .mu.m or less, with the average diameter in the 0.05 .mu.m to 0.08 .mu.m range, and 40 to 95 wt % of the particles have a diameter of 0.1 .mu.m or less. The average aspect ratio of the particles is 10/1 or greater. The shading coating contains: a particulate material with a layered lattice structure and satisfying the characteristics relating to the particle size described above; and a dispersion medium for dispersing the particulate material. Water is used as the dispersion medium.

Abstract: The present invention provides an infrared ray transmitting material, even large-sized one being manufacturable at a low price, consisting of a polycrystal not liable to cleavage, which makes only a slight absorption of infrared rays all over the region of 8-11 .mu.m wave lengths, thus being highly transmissive. The material is a polycrystalline barium fluoride sintered body excellent in transmission to infrared region of 8-11 .mu.m wave lengths, one that is most excellent in the infrared transmission being produced by a method comprising the hot press sintering and the HIP treatment in combination, one that gives somewhat inferior transmission but which is low-priced by a method comprising the CIP molding and the normal pressure sintering in combination, and one that regarded as intermediate between the aforementioned two by a method comprising the CIP molding, normal-pressure sintering and the HIP treatment in combination, in all cases entirely without addition of any binder or sintering aid.

Abstract: Doped crystalline compositions (e.g., single domain crystals) of MTiOAsO.sub.4 (wherein M is K, Rb and/or Cs) are disclosed which contain at least about 10 ppm total of Fe, Sc and/or In dopant. Also disclosed is a flux process which is characterized by adding said dopant to a melt containing the components for forming MTiOAsO.sub.4, in an amount effective to provide a doped single domain crystal of MTiOAsO.sub.4 containing at least 10 ppm of said dopant.

Abstract: An infrared light-excited light-emitting substance given by the general formula:R1.sub.x R2(.sub.1-x)Ba.sub.z Cl.sub.3+2z where R1 is a rare-earth element, x satisfies the relation 0.01<x.ltoreq.1, R2 is another rare-earth element, and z satisfies the relation 1<z<4. Preferably, the substance is a transparent crystal having a transparency exceeding 70% in a wavelength range from 400 to 1500 nm, excluding wavelengths absorbed by rare-earth ions. The light-emitting substance can convert infrared light into visible light in a wavelength range from blue light to green light at a high conversion efficiency.

Abstract: A heat treatment method heats an oxide optical crystal in an oxygen atmosphere containing ozone to improve the light absorption characteristics of the oxide optical crystal so that the light absorption of the oxide optical crystal with light in wavelength bands other than light in wavelength bands with which the oxide optical crystal exerts the intrinsic absorption is reduced to the least possible extent. Guided-optical-wave propagation devices and optical devices, such as optical isolators, optical recording media and second harmonic generators, employing the oxide optical crystal having these improved absorption characteristics, operate at a high efficiency.

Abstract: Dispersions of electrically conductive particles useful for preparing electrically conductive, essentially ionically isolative composite layers having electrically conductive particles dispersed in a polymer matrix. Composite layers can be used in laminates for electrochromic displays where an ionically conductive layer is in contact with electrochromic material. Such displays comprise means for applying an electrical potential across the interface of the ionically conductive layer and the electrochromic material to generate an electrochromic effect at the interface. Electrochromic materials can be provided in the laminates as layers between the ionically conductive layer and the composite layer of electrically conductive particles dispersed in a polymer matrix. Alternatively, the electrochromic material can be incorporated in the conductive particles in the polymer matrix, e.g. as titanium dioxide coated with antimony tin oxide coated with polyaniline dispersed in an light transmitting polymer matrix.

Abstract: An optical filter comprises a multilayer coating adherent to a substrate, the coating comprising at least four superimposed layer collections. Each layer collection has ordered first, second and third layers of which the first and third layers are made of a first material and are 0.6 quarter wavelengths thick whereas the second layer is made of a second material and is 6.8 quarter wavelengths thick. One of these materials has a high refractive index in the range 1.9 to 2.5 whilst the other of these materials has a low refractive index in the range 1.3 to 1.7. The preferred high index material is zinc sulphide and the preferred low index material is thorium fluoride.The optical filter is generally transmissive except in a number of narrow waveband regions which include respective known laser wavelengths.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a color filter wherein an organic pigment is comprised of primary particles having an average particle size of 20 to 200 nm and a particle size distribution within .+-.35 nm and said organic pigment has a color difference of 5 or less when it is subjected to exposure at an illuminance of 100,000 lux or more for 100 hours or more under the condition of a surface temperature at 50.degree. C.; a color filter wherein the film of coloring matter in green has a ratio (T.sub.485 /T.sub.610) of the transmittance of 485 nm (T.sub.485) to that of 610 nm (T.sub.610 ) of 3.5 or less, the maximum transmittance of the film of coloring matter in green is 60% or more and said maximum transmittance is assigned a wavelength of 540 to 550 nm; and a color filter using a specific organic pigment as each of red, green and blue pigments.

Abstract: A photostimulable X-ray energy absorbing halosilicate phosphor, characterized in that said phosphor contains as host metal at least one alkaline earth metal, as halogen at least one member selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br and I, as dopant Eu.sup.2+ and lithium as co-dopant.

Abstract: A material exhibiting third order nonlinear optic properties includes quantum size clusters of semiconducting guest material incorporated into the pores of M41S material in an arrangement to provide nonlinear optic properties.A material exhibiting second order nonlinear optic properties includes an organic guest material incorporated into the pores of M41S material so that a non-centrosymmetric structure is formed which will provide second harmonic generation when subjected to electromagnetic radiation of a selected frequency.

Abstract: Crystals made of RbNbB.sub.2 O.sub.6 (RNB) crystal or any of the XYB.sub.2 O.sub.6 family members (where X.dbd.Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Tl; Y.dbd.Nb, Ta, V, Sb) or related combinations in solid solutions are useful as Nonlinear Optical Devices. These crystals can produce nonlinear optical conversion effects including second harmonic generation (SHG), sum frequency generation (SFG), differential frequency generation (DFG) and optical parametric amplification (OPA). These nonlinear conversions operate on both bulk crystals and thin films including waveguide devices. RNB crystals have the advantage over prior art crystals for having better UV (ultra-violet) transparency on the order of 270 nm.

Abstract: Doped crystalline compositions (e.g., single domain crystals) of MTiOAsO.sub.4 (wherein M is K, Rb and/or Cs) are disclosed which contain at least about 10 ppm total of Fe, Sc and/or In dopant. Also disclosed is a flux process which is characterized by adding said dopant to a melt containing the components for forming MTiOAsO.sub.4, in an amount effective to provide a doped single domain crystal of MTiOAsO.sub.4 containing at least 10 ppm of said dopant.

Abstract: A chemical process for producing bulk quantities of an iron-silica gel composite in which particle size, form, and magnetic state of the iron can be selected. The process involves polymerizing an ethanolic solution of tetraethylorthosilicate, ferric nitrate and water at low temperature under the influence of an HF catalyst. The chemical and magnetic states of the iron in the resultant composite are modified in situ by exposure to suitable oxidizing or reducing agents at temperatures under 400.degree. C. Iron-containing particles of less than 200 .ANG. diameter, homogeneously dispersed in silica matrices may be prepared in paramagnetic, superparamagnetic, ferrimagnetic and ferromagnetic states.

Abstract: Method and device for wavelength conversion using type II phase matching are characterized by employing a crystal consisting essentially of doped MTiOXO.sub.4 (wherein M is K, Rb and/or Tl and X is P and/or As) containing Fe, Nb and/or Ta dopant in an amount, totalling at least about 100 ppm, effective to increase the n.sub.z -n.sub.x optical birefringence of the doped crystal at least about 0.001 compared to a crystal without the dopant. Generation of output waves of an optical birefringence higher than the highest corresponding optical birefringence of a crystal without the dopant is disclosed. Among the useful crystals are crystals consisting essentially of doped MTiOXO.sub.4 containing at least about 100 ppm Ta.

Abstract: A color filter in accordance with the present invention comprises an activated film layer (2) arranged on a transparent substrate (1), said activated film layer (2) having a color pattern formed thereon by permeating a dye thereinto, and a thin metal film pattern (3) formed on a portion, of said activated film layer (2), which requires the formation of a black mask. Accordingly, the color filter integrated into various display devices such as a liquid crystal display is capable of displaying an image having a high contrast.

Abstract: A novel oxide garnet single crystal, which can be epitaxially grown on a rare earth-gallium garnet wafer and exhibiting excellent performance as a material of magneto-optical devices, is disclosed. The oxide garnet single crystal, grown on the substrate surface by the liquid-phase epitaxial method, has a chemical composition expressed by the formula(Bi.sub.a Eu.sub.b Ln.sub.1-a-b).sub.3 (Fe.sub.1-c M.sub.c).sub.5 O.sub.12,in which Ln is a rare earth element other than europium, e.g., terbium, M is an element selected from the group consisting of aluminum, gallium, indium and scandium, the subscript a is a positive number defined by 0.15.ltoreq.a.ltoreq.0.6, the subscript b is a positive number defined by 0.01.ltoreq.b.ltoreq.0.2 and the subscript c is a positive number defined by 0.01.ltoreq.c..ltoreq.0.1.

Abstract: A solid state form of a dye-solution absorption filter is disclosed. Physical vapor depositable (i.e., evaporable) dyes are codeposited with a polyester matrix in a vacuum system to randomly disperse dye molecules in a solid dilutant. The dyes are selected to absorb at the wavelengths of interest. Dilution in a transparent matrix affords narrow band absorption and good out of band transmittance. Multilayer configurations allow absorption of a plurality of wavelengths. The filter coating conforms to curved and sharply contoured surfaces and layers only 10 microns thick afford very high absorptance.

Abstract: A photochromic material adapted for coating light transmissive materials. The photochromic material contains photosensitive silver halide crystals having dimensions in the range of approximately 50 Angstroms to 800 Angstroms. The silver halide crystals are surface doped with copper ions and another sensitizer selected from mild reducing agents, thioethers, or sulfur-bearing ions and are treated with an agent to accelerate the forward reaction and control the reverse reaction. The accelerants are ions selected from the group consisting of cobalt, chromium, manganese, magnesium, and rare earth metals such as cerium, samarium and europium. The agent for controlling the reverse reaction is one that confers electrical conductivity on the material and while to this end glycerol containing a high concentration of metal ions, methane sulfonic acid and benzyltrimethyl ammonium chloride are useful, the preferred agent is phosphoric acid.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel electrochromic materials useful as electrochromic electrodes in eletrochromic cells and to their preparation process. These materials are constituted by at least one transition metal oxyhydroxide chosen from among H.sub.2 Ti.sub.3 O.sub.7 and HNbWO.sub.6, H.sub.2 O or by a thin film obtained by vacuum evaporation of at least one of these oxyhydroxides.

Abstract: A plate or a sheet being capable of absorbing near IR-rays, which is prepared by heating both at least a raw material of a transparent polymer and a mixture of a thiourea compound and a copper compound. This invention provides superior optical materials for shielding sunlight thermic rays, better information recording materials and the like.

Abstract: A color filter for use in a liquid-crystal display panel structure, including a transparent substrate having a surface portion, and a multiplicity of filter elements distributed in a predetermined pattern on the surface portion of the substrate, each of the filter elements being formed of a photosetting colored filter composition containing an acrylic resin, a coloring compound and a dispersant. In this color filter according to the present invention, the dispersant preferably includes a derivative of an organic colorant. A color filter according to the present invention may further include a transparent overcoat of a synthetic resin covering the filter elements.

Abstract: A novel oxide garnet single crystal, which can be epitaxially grown on a rare earth-gallium garnet wafer and exhibiting excellent performance as a material of magneto-optical devices, is disclosed. The oxide garnet single crystal, grown on the substrate surface by the liquid-phase epitaxial method, has a chemical composition expressed by the formula(Bi.sub.a Eu.sub.b Ln.sub.1-a-b).sub.3 (Fe.sub.1-c M.sub.c).sub.5 O.sub.12,in which Ln is a rare earth element other europium, e.g. terbium, M is an element selected from the group consisting of aluminum, gallium, indium, and scandium, the subscript a is a positive number defined by 0.15.ltoreq.a.ltoreq.0.6, the subscript b is a positive number defined by 0.01.ltoreq.b.ltoreq.0.2 and the subscript c is a positive number defined by 0.01.ltoreq.c..ltoreq.0.1.

Abstract: A transparent, strong CsI alloy havign additions of monovalent iodides. Although the perferred iodide is AgI, RbI and CuI additions also contribute to an improved polycrystalline CsI alloy.

Abstract: An aqueous silver sulfide sol is prepared which has an absorption spectrum such that its optical density at 360 nm is at least 100 times its optical density at 700 nm. The sol is ultrafine in particle size and is useful for the chemical sensitization of silver halide emulsions and for the preparation of development layers for the silver complex diffusion transfer copying process or the production of optical filters.

Abstract: Light-polarizing materials, comprising a complex obtained by reacting elemental iodine, and iodide unsubstituted or monoalkyl- or dialkyl-substituted 2,5-dicarboxy-pyrazine and uses thereof in liquid suspensions, set suspensions and light valves.

Abstract: A photochromic material adapted for coating light transmissive materials. The photochromic material contains photosensitive silver halide crystals having dimensions in the range of approximately 50 Angstroms to 800 Angstroms. The silver halide crystals are surface doped with copper ions and another sensitizer selected from mild reducing agents or sulfur-bearing ions. The crystals are dispersed in a protective polymer that does not irreversibly bind halogen.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of crystalline oxytitanium phthalocyanine showing a distinct diffraction in peak at a Bragg angle (2.theta..+-.0.2.degree.) of 27.3.degree. in the X-ray diffraction spectrum, which comprises mechanically pulverizing oxytitanium phthalocyanine, dispersing it in water to form a suspension, adding an organic solvent into the suspension and heating the suspension.

Abstract: A material for an optical component comprising polytungstic acid having peroxo groups, and an optical component, at least part of which is constituted of a thin film of the above-mentioned material. By using this material, a thin film of an inorganic material having an excellent stability is formed by the inexpensive wet painting method. An optical component using the above-mentioned thin film can be formed on an arbitrary substrate with high accuracy at a low temperature of about 100.degree. C. or below. The polytungstic acid may contain carbon as a heteroatom and/or may have Nb, Ti, V, Ta and/or Mo substituted for part of W.

Abstract: Articles exhibiting non-linear optical properties useful as electrooptic devices are prepared where the dopant moieties are aligned at relatively low temperatures. An intermediate article is formed by swelling with a diluent including a pressurized gas, such as carbon dioxide. The dopant moieties dispersed in the polymer are aligned by applying an electric field while maintaining the polymer in the swollen state caused by diluent sorption. Substantially all the diluent can then be removed without the necessity of a temperature elevation above about room temperature since the pressurized gas of the diluent can be removed by lowering the pressure to about atmospheric conditions. Polymers with high glass transition temperatures, preferably at or above about 150.degree. C., can thus be used in preparing electrooptic devices.

Abstract: Blue-colored, infrared radiation absorbing glass compositions are prepared by the addition of zinc sulfide and zinc oxide to glass compositions containing iron. The zinc sulfide acts as a reducing agent, to maintain a portion of the iron in the ferrous state, and the zinc oxide prevents amber coloration of the glass which would otherwise occur due to the addition of the zinc sulfide to the glass batch.

Abstract: An optical fiber transmission path wherein total dispersion of the system is compensated by use of fibers composed of glasses with total dispersion of opposite signs at the operating wavelength for the system. With silica-based fibers, CdF.sub.2 --LiF--AlF.sub.3 --PbF.sub.2 --KF--YF.sub.3 fluoride glass-based fibers may be used for a system with 1.55 .mu.m operating wavelength.

Abstract: There are disclosed a nonlinear optical element capable of second harmonic generation comprising a crystalline inclusion complex of a lattice-forming host compound crystallized with continuous channel cavities in the presence of a nonlinearly polarizable guest compound in a noncentrosymmetric space group, said guest compound having specified properties, and both said guest and host being selected from specified classes; a nonlinear optical device; a method of generating second harmonic radiation; and an electro-optic modulator.

Abstract: Inclusion complexes, comprising a host and a guest, that exhibit greater second harmonic generation efficiency than either the host or the guest exhibits by itself. Preferred hosts can be selected from cyclodextrins, cyclodextrin derivatives, and cyclodextrin polymers. Preferred guests can be selected from aromatic compounds in which the molecule contains both an electron-donating functional group and an electron-withdrawing functional group.

Abstract: In one embodiment this invention provides an nonlinear optical medium which is a composite of a polymer matrix which exhibits nonlinear optic response, and a silver colloid which is dispersed in the polymer matrix.

Abstract: An IR detector structure is made from a CdTe substrate by polishing the C subtrate, and transferring the cleaned substrate to a chamber for successive epitaxial growth of HgCdTe and CdTe layers insitu without removal reducing contamination at the interfaces due to exposure to the atmosphere.