Abstract: A plastic closure that includes a cap having a base with a peripheral skirt defining a cap interior and threads on the skirt for securing the closure to a container. A liner is secured to the interior of the cap, preferably by compression molding in situ. The liner preferably consists essentially of a blend of matrix polymer material, particulate barrier polymer material and compatibilizer material. The heat and pressure of compression forms the particles of barrier polymer material into platelets that are oriented essentially parallel to the plane of the closure base.

Abstract: Low density composite wood panels are manufactured from a feedstock comprising wood wool strands of high average slenderness ratio and high average aspect ratio, and low bulk density. The feedstock wool strands are blended with a resin binder typically in the range of 3 to 5 percent by weight and a hot wax in the range 1 to 2 percent by weight and formed into a mat. The mat is hot pressed with steam injection to effect curing of the resin. The low density panels may include on one or both of their major faces a wood veneer layer. The wood wool strands typically comprise wood of the aspen or jack pine species.

Abstract: A method to produce an electrically conductive floor covering made of first particles of a polymer material which are surrounded with electrically conductive second particles and compressed in the intermediate space between the top and bottom sides of the floor covering, with the floor covering having at least one cut surface and the electrically conductive second particles forming conductive paths which connect the upper side and the lower side of the floor covering in an electrically conductive way, in which the first particles comprise at least one granulated elastomer material and form a matrix, in which the second particles form electric conductive paths along the particle boundaries of the first particles.

Abstract: A method for forming large-dimension ceramic tiles includes at least one first pressing operation for obtaining an incompletely compacted and consistent blank, and at least one second pressing operation for completing the compacting of the blank following an optional surface decoration, the at least one second pressing operation being effected without any lateral retention action on the blank.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and a system for producing an elongated drug formulation being suitable for being injected through the skin of a patient with-out the use of a needle or a cannula. The drug formulation is produced by compressing a drug granulate in cavity of a system comprising a roller and a surface, wherein the roller roles over the surface thereby comprising the granulate to the formulation.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for compacting particles or granules in discrete cavities spaced along an article or articles such as a cigarette filter rod moved underneath the compacting system. The compacting system can be provided with spaced lugs or other protrusions that selectively compact particles within cavities, or a smooth outer periphery that results in progressive compaction of the entire article being moved underneath the compaction system. The article having cavities with particles that need to be compacted can be supported on a support rail with side support rails that maintain the shape of the article during the compaction process.

Abstract: In a two-layer brush for a commutator, the plane form projected on a commutator surface is nearly similar to the plane form of the segment. A molding die used in brush fabrication has a lower punch which slides obliquely up and down along a sliding groove provided in the lower die, and an upper punch which can slide obliquely up and down in relation to the lower punch. The pressure applying face of the upper punch is formed nearly level, while the pressure receiving face of the lower punch is inclined by a predetermined angle relative to the pressure applying face of the upper punch. It is, therefore, possible to form a first brush material to a predetermined shape, and to apply a uniformly pressure to the second brush powder, to thereby form a second brush material having nearly fixed thickness.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing disposable tableware products is taught using a degradable composite material including the following components by weight in parts: a plant fiber, 60-90 parts; a urea-formaldehyde resin, 10-35 parts; a melamine resin, 3-10 parts; and a food coloring agent, 1-10 parts; wherein the molecular weight of said urea-formaldehyde resin is 300-600, including: (1) pulverizing the plant fiber into 60 mesh or over and thoroughly mixing the plant fiber with the urea-formaldehyde resin and the melamine resin proportionately to form a mixture of the degradable composite material; (2) feeding the mixture of the degradable composite material into a concave molding mould positioned in an operating platform of a hydraulic press wherein the press is capable of moving in an upward direction in a fixed quantity and position; maintaining the temperature of the mould at 125-190° C.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for the production of boards of ligneous material in which a mat is formed of pressed material treated with a binding agent. The mat moves continuously away from a spreading station and after introduction between the steel bands of a continuously operating hot press is cured to form a board strand by the application of pressure and heat. Immediately after leaving the hot press the hot board strand is exposed to a cooling apparatus. In this invention the two surfaces of the hot board strand are abruptly quenched and moistened with a water spray in a first cooling section which contains an evaporation zone and which is variable in length and adaptable to the thickness of the strand. The board strand is held under the pressure of multiple calendar rolls, and in a directly adjoining second cooling section, it is guided with light specific pressure through a double-belt hold-down apparatus in which the backs of the hold-down belts are sprayed with an appropriate coolant as it passes.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process of using agricultural biomass to make particle or fiberboards. The preferred biomass is selected with high cellulose and hemicellulose concentration and low silica content. The process utilizes short refining time and low steam pressure.

Abstract: An improvement to existing board manufacturing process which utilize lignocellulose particles is described wherein the adhesive to be applied as a binder is at least partly applied before the particles are dried. Using the invention improvement in resin application rates without increase in the water content of the particles fed to a press is achieved. Reduction in edge thickness swelling has been achieved.

Abstract: In a method for pressing ceramic powders comprising a powder compaction stage within a mold, after exerting the powder compacting pressure the powder is subjected to close-together pressure pulses while maintaining the compacting pressure applied.

Abstract: An apparatus and methods of manufacturing seamless gaskets using expanded intercalated graphite worms, in which an annular die cavity has a central column with a charge inlet in a perimeter wall. Expanded intercalated graphite worms communicate from a source through the charge inlet in the annular die cavity for depositing a charge of expanded intercalated graphite worms within the die cavity. An upper pusher is movable from a first position distally spaced from an open end of the die cavity to a second position within the die cavity for compressing a first charge of expanded intercalated graphite worms. A lower pusher is movable from a first position to a second position during the compressing of the first charge of expanded intercalated graphite worms in the die. The upper pusher causes the lower pusher to move to the second position, so that a second charge of expanded intercalated graphite worms is received in substantially the same volume as the first charge.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for compacting particles or granules in discrete cavities spaced along an article or articles such as a cigarette filter rod moved underneath the compacting system. The compacting system can be provided with spaced lugs or other protrusions that selectively compact particles within cavities, or a smooth outer periphery that results in progressive compaction of the entire article being moved underneath the compaction system. The article having cavities with particles that need to be compacted can be supported on a support rail with side support rails that maintain the shape of the article during the compaction process.

Abstract: A process and the product produced by the process in which recycled asphalt shingles are reduced into granules which are then heated to a temperature above 212° F. in order to evaporate any water contained in the material. Once substantially all the water has been evaporated, the heated granules are then placed in a suitable mold and compressed under high pressure to form a block of the desired size and shape after which the blocks are removed from the mold and used on low-traffic volume areas such as patios, sidewalks, driveways, etc.

Abstract: An improved process for producing a consolidated polymeric monolith from an assembly of thermoplastic polymer. The assembly is placed under pressure to fill a majority of the voids thereof by mechanical deformation of the fibers, and heated to a temperature too low to melt the fibers at the deformation pressure but sufficiently high to at least partly melt the fibers at a lower transition pressure. While maintaining the assembly at this temperature, the pressure is reduced to the transition pressure long enough for partial melting of the fibers to fill the rest of the voids, and then is increased to a consolidation pressure at least as high as the deformation pressure. The assembly is cooled slowly to ambient temperature at the consolidation pressure. The process allows accurate control of thermal expansion coefficients of the product. Further, products of manufacture produced by the process exhibit improved strength, thermal stability, infrared transparency and unique intrinsic physical characteristics.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and an installation for the production of pressed-stock boards in a continuous sequence. The invention includes forming and transporting the mat of pressed stock on the molding and charging belt in a space bounded at the longitudinal sides. Two upright side supporting bands on the molding and charging belt run along and guide the pressed stock or the mat of pressed stock in such a way as to limit its width from the scattering station up to compaction in the prepress. The height of these side supporting bands correspond to the changing height of the press nip. The installation includes two side supporting bands arranged upright on the molding and charging belt, on both longitudinal sides. Supporting rollers bear against the side supporting bands in the region from the scattering station up to the prepress.

Abstract: A process is proposed for producing non-combustible moulded articles from blown vermiculite, the blown vermiculite granules being mixed with an inorganic binder and then pressed. The blown vermiculite granules are mixed with a solution of an inorganic binder, the vermiculite granules once mixed are pre-pressed, cut to the shape required and the cut blanks are pressed non-continuously at at least room temperature and preferably at temperatures of at least 100° C. and pressures of at least 0.3 N/mm2 to ensure that all solvent residues are removed from the finished non-combustible moulded article.

Abstract: Structural members for doors and the like can be manufactured from plastic foamed composites containing wood flour by the steps of (1) dry mixing a blend of powders including PVC powder, wood flour, powdered thermal stabilizers, powdered foaming agent and a powdered gelatinization agent, (2) adding the mixed powder to a thermal stirring mixer to obtain a homogeneous dispersion of the several powders (3) transferring the homogeneous dispersion of powders to a cold stirring mixer and stirring at speeds sufficient to avoid agglomeration of the homogeneous dispersion of the several powders and (4) placing the non-agglomerated homogeneous dispersion of the several powders in a feeding hopper of an extrusion machine and extruding shapes for the desired components. The vacuum venting of the extrusion machine can be controlled to achieve components with more desirable surface features. Lubricants can be added to the homogeneous dispersions of the several powders to aid in the extrusion process.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the dry-forming of crockery, using isostatic molds, wherein a powder is compressed within an isostatic mold and subjected to close-together pressure pulses during the exertion of the compacting pressure.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process of using agricultural biomass to make particle or fiberboards. The preferred biomass is selected with high cellulose and hemicellulose concentration and low silica content. The process utilizes short refining time and low steam pressure.

Abstract: A process and plant for producing boards of wood-based materials having either a structured upper surface or a smooth upper surface. The plant has a continuously operating production press and a continuously operating embossing press. A discharge section and a transfer section are located between the continuously operating production press and embossing press. The continuously operating production press compresses and cures a mat of pressing stock to create a board that retains heat, while the continuously operating embossing press imparts the permanent embossed pattern on an upper surface of a board. The transfer section has a water spray device and a covered steam hood for cooling the board and producing steam.

Abstract: Used and manufacturing scrap asphalt shingle material is processed into a relatively course material comprising pieces or flakes of a maximum predetermined size, preferably with a relatively low aggregate content. The flakes are finish processed into a composite board product, with advantage taken of the larger size and low aggregate content. The board fabrication process includes (i) mixing the flakes with a relatively high percentage content of solvent suffuced fiber, (ii) grinding and heating the flakes and fiber to form a homogenous semi-liquid mixture, (iii) extruding and conveying the homogenous mixture to a board forming station, and (iv) compressing the mixture into the composite board product. The flakes may be produced by an initial process that includes (i) shredding the used and scrap shingle material into pieces of a predetermined maximum size, and (ii) separating the shredded material into (a) fine material and (b) course material.

Abstract: Provided is a method for the production of a reinforced polymer, which method comprises: (a) introducing carbon nanotubes into a polymer to provide a mixture of the polymer and the nanotubes; (b) stretching the mixture at or above the melting temperature (Tm) of the polymer to orient the carbon nanotubes; and (c) stretching the mixture in the solid state to further orient the carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: Angular blocks of foam flocks can be produced by the composite process with angular edges and a homogeneous density distribution over the entire cross-section in a molding box by first extending the filling cross-section in the corners of adjoining mold walls before the flocks are introduced, and, after the flocks have been introduced, reducing it to the envisaged cross-section of the slab to be produced and thus filling hollow spaces, and compacting the flock filling to the desired density in the corners, so that the slab has a homogeneous density over the entire cross-section.

Abstract: A process is proposed for producing non-combustible moulded articles from blown vermiculite, the blown vermiculite granules being mixed with an inorganic binder and then pressed. The blown vermiculite granules are mixed with a solution of an inorganic binder, the vermiculite granules once mixed are pre-pressed, cut to the shape required and the cut blanks are pressed non-continuously at at least room temperature and preferably at temperatures of at least 100° C. and pressures of at least 0.3 N/mm2 to ensure that all solvent residues are removed from the finished noncombustible moulded article.

Abstract: Particulate inorganic pore material, e.g., controlled pore glass (CPG) embedded porous synthetic resin membrane is prepared by mixing inorganic pore material and an aqueous resin, preferably polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), aqueous dispersion to form a paste-like mass, heating the mass at a temperature between 50 to 70° C., and forming the mass into a sheet by calendering. The sheet is then sintered to produce a rigid porous sheet. The membrane may be functionalized, as by silanization. The membrane is useful for the same purposes as controlled pore glass or functionalized controlled pore glass.

Abstract: Angular blocks of foam flocks can be produced by the composite process with angular edges and a homogeneous density distribution over the entire cross-section in a molding box by first extending the filling cross-section in the comers of adjoining mold walls before the flocks are introduced, and, after the flocks have been introduced, reducing it to the envisaged cross-section of the slab to be produced and thus filling hollow spaces, and compacting the flock filling to the desired density in the comers, so that the slab has a homogeneous density over the entire cross-section.

Abstract: Kaolin clay agglomerates having improved bulk density, improved rheological properties and good optical properties are provided by mixing calcined kaolin clay, hydrous kaolin clay and water and then subjecting the mixture to high pressure in a compaction system.

Abstract: This invention relates to an apparatus and method for shaping fibrous elastic bodies. The apparatus includes a preliminary shaping die and a final shaping die. A fiber material, which includes a binder fiber and a matrix fiber, is used to form the elastic bodies. The binder fiber has a lower melting point than the matrix fiber. The fiber material is placed into the preliminary shaping die and half melted to bond the unmelted matrix fiber and thereby form the preliminary shaped item. The preliminary shaped item has a preliminary shape of an objective article to be shaped. The preliminary shaped item is then transferred to the final shaping die, in which it is further heated and clamped to shape the objective article.

Abstract: Relatively thin type 27 depressed center abrasive wheels are made from initially flat “green” wheels made in a hydraulic press that has flat upper and lower surfaces in each press cavity. These thin flat wheels are clamped in a fixture that forms the center portions as the wheels are clamped to provide “green” wheels that are not only thin, but that have depressed center portions of undistorted internal geometry. The “green” wheels are then cured in this clamped condition in a furnace at appropriate temperatures that achieve the necessary hardening of the resinous mixture to yield thin depressed center abrasive cutting wheels.

Abstract: In a continuous twin-belt prepress for the production of particle board panels with pressure rollers suspended in pairs, the upper pressure rollers are suspended resiliently so that they can be pressed upwardly counter to the spring force by a catch member of a metal support screen bearing the chipboard cake when that member passes through. This prevents damage to the press and especially its forming belts as a result of increased pressure during pressing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of boards of wood-based material from a mixture of lignocellulose- and/or cellulose-containing particles mixed with a binder, the mat or pressed stock being preheated by means of high-frequency (HF) or microwave (MW) energy and, after transfer into a single or multi-platen press or a continuously operating press, being pressed and cured by the application of pressure and heat.

Abstract: A multiply-acting powder metal press is disclosed for making green form double helical gear compacts. The press has inner and outer lower punches, and an upper, outer punch. The upper and lower outer punches have left hand and right hand external helical profiles as chosen to produce a desired helical gear. The punches co-operate with left hand and right hand helical dies carried by the press about the punches. The helical faces require that the dies rotate relative to the punches during operation. A cam and roller mechanism may drive this rotation. The compact forming process commences with an open position in which powder is introduced to a vacant lower die cavity. The upper portions of the press advance downward to close the cavity. All parts of the press except the lower inner, or transfer, punch then move downward at the same speed to transfer powder to the extremities of the cavity. When transfer is complete both lower punches may be stopped, while the upper punches continue to advance.

Abstract: A mill is described for compacting agricultural fibrous matter, such as straw or other agricultural waste, into a structural board. The board is useful as a dominant part of a load bearing and insulating panel replacing many of the load bearing and insulating structures typically used to make small buildings, such as houses. The mill includes many features not found in previous mills of this type, including not only a packer to place material in front of an oscillating ram head as is known, but a precompactor arrangement to regulate the volume of material fed to the packer. Another feature incorporated into the mill to aid in achieving a consistent density is a pressure offset mechanism which adjusts the rate of core formation. The mill has a modular design to facilitate replacement of those components subjected to significant wear.

Abstract: Continuous methods for manufacturing finished board are disclosed which include disintegrating lignocellulose material prior to drying, gluing, and forming into mats, and in which the pressing of the mat into a board includes a first step in which the mat is pressed in the presence of steam in a heating medium to produce a partially pressed board having a substantially uniform density, and a second compressing step in which the outer layers of the partially pressed board are increased in density as compared to the center of the board.

Abstract: An improved process for producing a consolidated polymeric monolith from an assembly of thermoplastic polymer fibers. The assembly is placed under pressure to fill a majority of the voids thereof by mechanical deformation of the fibers, and heated to a temperature too low to melt the fibers at the deformation pressure but sufficiently high to at least partly melt the fibers at a lower transition pressure. While maintaining the assembly at this temperature, the pressure is reduced to the transition pressure long enough for partial melting of the fibers to fill the rest of the voids, and then is increased to a consolidation pressure at least as high as the deformation pressure. The assembly is cooled slowly to ambient temperature at the consolidation pressure.

Abstract: A degradable container is disclosed as containing 60 wt % to 70 wt % of a plant fiber, from 10 wt % to 30 wt % of an adhesive and from 0.1 wt % to 5 wt % of a demoulding agent, in which the adhesive is a modified urea-formaldehyde resin. A method of forming a degradable container is also disclosed as including the steps of (a) grinding a plant fiber to a size smaller than a pre-determined size; (b) mixing grounded plant fiber obtained under step (a) with a demoulding agent to form a premixed material; (c) mixing said premixed material with an adhesive into a powder form; (d) press-moulding said powder obtained under step (c) a first time under a pressure of 5-80 MPa; and (e) press-moulding said powder a second time under a pressure of 1.5-16 MPa into said container.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing pressed parts from hard metal, ceramic, sintered metal or likewise, in which a part of a charge of a powder-like or granular original material is filled into a pressing mould and is pressed with at least one pressing stamp against a counter surface, wherein the force and the distance of the pressing stamp are measured, and wherein there are the following method steps:depending on the geometry of the pressed part and on the original material during the compression for a pressing stamp a desired force-distance diagram (nominal curve) is determined and stored;in a computer during the compression the measured values for the distance and the force of the pressing stamp are compared to the nominal curve;by way of at least one separately actuated section of the pressing stamp or of a separate stamp the pressure on the pressing material during the compression phase is increased or reduced as soon as a deviation from the nominal curve is determined, in order at the end of the compression pha

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for manufacturing tablets of moist powder which is produced by adding an additive agent such as an excipient or a binder to medical ingredients, further adding a solvent such as water, ethanol or the like, and kneading the mixture.

Abstract: An extrusion profile is formed of foamed plastic, which includes a filler of wood flour or wood fiber. The foamed plastic may include polyvinyl chloride, chlorinated polyvinyl chloride or polystyrene in combination with the wood flour filler.

Abstract: In a process for producing friction linings, a friction material is produced in granular form in a mixing reactor (1). The granular material is pressed for up to 120 seconds together with lining bases in press moulds (3) to produce friction linings. Immediately after leaving the press moulds, the finished pressed friction linings are hardened in a continuous furnace (5) for a predetermined period without being fixed. The friction linings are conveyed between the press moulds (3) and continuous furnace (5) on a continuous conveyer (4).

Abstract: A recombinant lead acid battery separator formed of a PTFE fibril matrix and a particulate, amorphous silica filler enmeshed in the PTFE matrix. The separator has a tensile strength greater than 0.5 MPa, a bulk density lower than about 0.40 gram/cc and a void volume greater than about 75%. The separator is made by mixing together PTFE and a non-evaporative lubricant, adding amorphous silica during mixing, continuing mixing until a material having a dough-like consistency is obtained, removing the dough-like material and calendering it to form a sheet, removing from about 95% to about 100% by weight of the non-evaporative lubricant from the sheet by solvent extraction, and drying the extracted sheet.

Abstract: A method for forming ceramic tiles by means of a partially isostatic mold, comprising the following stages: loading the ceramic powder to be pressed into the mold cavity; exerting a uniform pressure on the entire surface of the ceramic powder present in the mold cavity; releasing the pressure and partially opening the mold to facilitate powder deaeration; exerting pressure on a first portion of the surface of the powder contained in the mold cavity; exerting pressure on a second portion of the surface of the powder contained in the mold cavity, while simultaneously nullifying the pressure on said first surface portion of the powder contained in the mold cavity; and alternating the exertion of pressure on said first and on said second portion alternately.

Abstract: A method for forming ceramic tiles, including those of large dimensions, comprising the following stages: loading the powder to be pressed into the mould cavity; exerting an initial pressure on the entire surface of the powder present in the mould cavity; releasing the initial pressure; exerting the compacting pressure on the entire surface of the powder contained in the mould cavity; increasing the pressure on a first portion of the surface of the powder contained in the mould cavity up to a value permitted by the press capacity; releasing the pressure on said first portion of the surface of the powder contained in the mould cavity and increasing the compacting pressure on a second portion of the surface of the powder contained in the mould cavity; alternating the exertion of pressure on said first portion and on said second portion; and interrupting the exertion of pressure.

Abstract: The device according to the invention is used for conducting a fluid between a space at least partly bounded by a solid surface through which a fluid can flow and a duct, a high surface continuity of the fluid flow through the surface being achieved with a relatively small differential pressure. The device comprises a coarsely porous shaped part (3), which has on the surface areas through which a flow is to take place a finely porous surface layer (4). The pores of the surface layer (4) are open at the surface and progress continuously into the shaped part (3). The shaped part (3) and surface layer (4) together form a one-piece part of a cured plastic, in that in the vicinity of the shaped part are incorporated larger particles and in the vicinity of the surface layer (4) smaller particles, e.g. aluminium particles, in such a way that the particles represent a larger proportion of the weight than the plastic.

Abstract: A wood substitute material is formed by mixing a base polymer with wood fiber or wood flour together with a quantity of lignin and thereafter creating a molten material within a compounder and extruder. The molten material is extruded or injection molded to form the desired shape. Prior to extrusion or injection molding, a foaming agent is added to the molten mixture resulting in the creation of a variable density extruded or injection molded article. In the extrusion process, a conventional extrusion die is employed having a die passage which is significantly larger than the desired eventual size of the extruded article. The enlarged extrusion is thereafter cooled and reduced in sized through a series of vacuum sizers and a final water bath prior to cutting. The degree of foaming within the extruded article is controlled by the amount of foaming agent employed.

Abstract: In a method of and a device for producing shaped parts, a pressing piston is longitudinally displaceable in a tube provided with a pressing mold so that in a first pressing stroke it slightly compresses a mixture of cuttings and/or fiber material with a binder, and in a second stroke it finally compresses the mixture.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a sintered oilless bearing using a correcting rod having a projection correcting portion and a groove forming portion having outer diameters respectively identical to inner diameters of projections and grooves to be formed into the oilless bearing. An upper punch is inserted into the upper portion of the correcting rod for pressing the sintered oilless bearing to allow the inner periphery of the sintered oilless bearing to closely contact the groove forming portion and, simultaneously, fit into the projection forming portion.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a particle board from ligno-cellulose containing ticles and an organic binder material, including initially forming a web of binder material coated particles, spraying of predetermined quantities of water on the surfaces of the web, compressing the web to a first thickness between heated press platens, increasing the spacing between the press platens to a dimension greater than the first thickness and rapidly raising the temperature in the center of the web by more than 15.degree. C.